vjfoUn] lnL;-&;g jsQjsUl vUrxZr /kkjk 232 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ds rgr ftyk dyDVj ,oa mik;qä mifuosku chdkusj }kjk jsQjsUl izdj.k la- 19@98 esa ikfjr fd;s x;s fu.kZ; fnukad 11-12-03 ds }kjk bl U;k;ky; dks izsf"kr fd;k x;k gSA 2- la{ksi esa rF; bl izdkj gS fd xSj lk;y gkth esos [kka iq= vehj [kkW us ,d izkFkZuk i= jsdkMZ nq:Lrh gsrq lgk;d mifuosku vk;qä dksyk;r ds le{k izLrqr dj fuosnu fd;k fd xzke vxusm esa [kljk uEcj 6_200 esa 355 ch?kk 1 fcLok Hkwfe izkFkhZ dh dCts dkr dh gSA u;s [kljk uEcj 337 esa 16 ch?kk] 338@1 esa 14 ch?kk 10 fcLok] 338@2 esa 14 ch?kk] 338@3 esa 14 ch?kk dqy 58 ch?kk ij dCtk dkr gS ftldh jsdkMZ nq:Lrh dh izkFkZuk lgk;d mifuosku vk;qä us vius vknsk fnukad 22-5-79 ds tfj;s Lohdkj dj yhA lgk;d mifuosku vk;qä us vafdr fd;k fd lEor` 2017 dh iSekbk esa izkFkhZ dh Hkwfe [kljk uEcj 5] 223] 339@392] 340 rFkk 338@393 esa vkbZ gSA izkFkhZ dh [kljk uEcj 340 jdck 11 ch?kk 18 fcLok] 338@393@3 jdck 13 ch?kk 19 fcLok] 338@393@4 jdck 13 ch?kk 9 fcLok rFkk 336@393@5 jdck 13 ch?kk 9 fcLok ftldk ;ksx 52 ch?kk 11 fcLok gksrk gS] jdck jkt ?kksf"kr dh xbZA ijUrq mls tkucw> dj 140 ch?kk 5 fcLok crk;k gS rFkk mlds ,ot esa [kljk uEcj 337] 339] 338@1] 338@2 rFkk 338@3 esa 140 ch?kk 5 fcLok Hkwfe vizkFkhZ ds uke ntZ djus ds vknsk ns fn;s FksA mik;qä mifuosku us mä izdj.k dks jsQjsUl ds tfj;s Hkstdj lgk;d mifuosku vk;qä }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; rF;ksa ds fo:) gksus ds dkj.k fujLr djus ds fy;s jsQjsUl cukdj e.My dks izsf"kr fd;kA jktLo e.My us vius fu.kZ; fnukad 16-4-98 ds }kjk jsQjsUl vkafkd :i ls Lohdkj dj izdj.k mik;qä mifuosku dks bl funsZk ds lkFk izfrizsf"kr fd;k fd ipkZ lsfVyes.V ds vuqlkj [kljk uEcj 340 tks fd xSj lk;y ds dCts dkr dk gS rFkk mlds lkfcd uEcj 6 o 200 dh Hkwfe ls gh cus gS] mldk jdck vk;k 99 ch?kk 16 fcLok gS vFkok 11 ch?kk 16 fcLok gSA bldh rLnhd djrs gq;s xq.kkoxq.k ds vk/kkj ij bl izdj.k esa fu.kZ; ikfjr djsaA 3- e.My ds mä funsZkksa dh ikyuk esa dysDVj ,oa mik;qä mfuosku chdkusj us mHk; i{k dks lqudj vius fu.kZ; fnukad 11-12-03 ds }kjk lgk;d vk;qä mifuosku dksyk;r }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 22-5-79 fof/k fo:) ekurs gq;s fujLr djus ds fy;s ;g jsQjsUl e.My dks izsf"kr fd;k gSA 4- geus nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl jsQjsUl ij lquhA 5- jsQjsUl dk leFkZu djrs gq, fo}ku mi jktdh; vfHkHkk"kd dk dFku gS fd vizkFkhZx.k ds cUnkscLrh jsdkMZ lEor~ 2020 esa [kljk uEcj 340 dh Hkwfe 99 ch?kk 18 fcLok gSA vizkFkhZx.k ds firk gkth esps [kka us fnukad 12-12-78 dks lgk;d vk;qä mifuosku dksyk;r ds le{k vkosnu isk dj [kljk uEcj 338@1 dh 14 ch?kk 10 fcLok] 338@2 dh 14 ch?kk] 337 dh 16 ch?kk] 338@3 dh 14 ch?kk dqy 58 ch?kk 10 fcLok ij dCtk dkr crkrs gq;s jsdkMZ nq:Lr djus dk vkosnu fd;k ijUrq lgk;d vk;qä mifuosku dksyk;r us fu.kZ; }kjk blds foijhr 140 ch?kk 5 fcLok dh nq:Lrh dha bl izdkj lgk;d vk;qä mifuosku dksyk;r }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; jsdkMZ o dkuwu ds foijhr gksus ls fujLr fd;s tkus ;ksx; gSA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd mifuosku rglhynkj dksyk;r us fnukad 24-2-79 dks rF;kRed fjiksVZ lgk;d mifuosku vk;qä dksyk;r dks vius i= Øekad 394 fnukad 24-2-79 dks izsf"kr dh gS mlds vuqlkj Jh eso gkth [kka us viuh dqy [kkrsnkjh dks Lo;a dh jtkeUnh ls vius iq= o iqf=;ksa ds uke ls caVokjk djokdj Hkwfe muds uke dj nh tSlkfd layXu uDkk ds ns[kus ls jksku gksxkA esos [kka us vius Lo;a ds uke ls [kljk uEcj 339@392@2 rknknh 75 ch?kk 5 fcLok jdck gh j[kkA vc [kljk uEcj 338 esa 58 ch?kk 10 fcLok esa lEor~ 2035 esa uktk;t dkr djds vkSj viuh iqjkuh Hkwfe crykdj tks mtjnkjh mlus izLrqr dh gS og cscqfu;kn vkSj fcyk fdlh LoRo dh gSA bl Hkwfe ij Jh esos [kka dk dksbZ dCtk o gdwd ugha gSA jkt dh vPNh Hkwfe gksus ls fdlh ds cgdkos esa vkdj gh ,slk dCtk jdck jkt Hkwfe ij fd;s tkus dk vlQy iz;kl djus dh ps"Vk;sa dh gSA rglhynkj }kjk izsf"kr rF;kRed fjiksVZ ls Hkh fLFkfr Li"V gks tkrh gS fd esos [kka us Fraud and Mis-representation ds vk/kkj ij vf/kd jdck vius [kkrs ntZ djok;k gSA blfy;s ;g jsQjsUl Lohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA 6- jsQjsUl Lohdkj fd;s tkus dk fojks/k djrs gq, fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd vizkFkhZx.k dk dFku gS fd lgk;d mifuosku vk;qä dk vknsk fof/k ,oa fu;eksa ds vuqdwy vknsk gSA xSj lk;y ds izkFkZuk i= fnukad 22-5-79 esa mlds lkfcd [kljk uEcj 340 dk jdck 99 ch/kk 19 fcLok Fkk ftlds u;s uEcj 338@339@3 jdck 13 ch?kk 9 fcLok] 338@393@5 jdck 13 ch?kk 9 fcLok] 333@339@4 jdck 13 ch?kk 9 fcLok dqy 140 ch?kk 5 fcLok cus gSA mä Hkwfe dks vizkFkhZx.k }kjk jkT; ljdkj dks fn;k x;k ftlds ,otkus esa xSj lk;y dks [kljk uEcj 339 dh 37 ch?kk] 2 fcLok] 338@1 dh 22 ch?kk] 338@2 dh 22 ch?kk] 338@3 dh 43 ch?kk 3 fcLok dqy 140 ch?kk 5 fcLok Hkwfe mls nh xbZA mik;qä mifuosku }kjk vius fu.kZ; esa [kljk uEcj 340 dk jdck 99 ch?kk dks ek= 11 ch?kk i< ysus ls ;s dehoskh dk vUrj vk;k gSA ipkZ lsfVyes.V dks ns[kus ls bl rF; dh iqf"V gksrh gSA fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd vizkFkhZx.k dk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd lgk;d mifuosku vk;qä ds vknsk ds fo:) jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh ds ;gkW vihy isk dh xbZ Fkh ftUgksaus vius fu.kZ; fnukad 31-12-85 ds tfj;s jkT; ljdkj dh vihy dks fujLr djrs gq;s Åij of.kZr vk/kkj dh rkbZn dh FkhA jkT; ljdkj dh vksj ls bl fu.kZ; ds fo:) f}rh; vihy izLrqr ugha dh xbZA blfy;s lgk;d mifuosku vk;qä dk vknsk fnukad 22-5-79 jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh ds vknsk fnukad 31-12-85 esa etZ gksdj vfUre fu.kZ; dh Js.kh esa vk pqdk gSA blfy;s jsQjsUl ds }kjk jkT; ljdkj ykHk izkIr ugha dj ldrhA vius dFku ds leFkZu esa 1988 MCY;w-,y-,u- oksY;we 1 ist 273] vkj-vkj-Mh- 1995 ist 252] vkj-vkj-Mh- 1994 ist 523 dh uthjsa isk dhA blds vfrfjä mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd 1979 ds fu.kZ; ds fo:) 1994 esa jsQjsUl ykuk vius vki esa cgqr nsjhuk gS rFkk vkjchts 1996 ist 156 ,oa 199 dh uthj ds izdkk esa vfr nsjh ls yk;s x;s jsQjsUl pyus ;ksX; ugha gSA D;ksafd jkT; ljdkj }kjk nsjh dk dksbZ lUrks"ktud dkj.k ugha crk;s x;s gSA blfy;s ;g jsQjsUl pyus ;ksX; ugha gksus ls [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA 7- mHk; i{k ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kdx.k dh cgl ij euu djus ,oa fjdkMZ dk voyksdu djus ds ipkr~ fLFkfr fuEu izdkj curh gS& ¼,½ vizkFkhZx.k ds firk gkth esos [kka us fnukad 12-12-78 dks lgk;d vk;qä mifuosku dksyk;r ds le{k vkosnu i= isk dj [kljk uEcj 338@1 jdck 14 ch?kk 10 fcLok] 338@2 jdck 14 ch?kk] 337 jdck 16 ch?kk] 338@3 jdck 14 ch?kk dqy 58 ch?kk 10 fcLok ij dCtk dkr crkrs gq;s jsdkMZ nq:Lr djus dk vkosnu fd;k ijUrq lgk;d vk;qä mifuosku dksyk;r us vius fu.kZ; ds }kjk fn;s x;s izkFkZuk i= ds foijhr 140 ch?kk 5 fcLok Hkwfe dh nq:Lrh dj nhA bl nq:Lrh ds }kjk vizkfFkZ;ku dks uktk;t ykHk feyk tks dkuwuh rkSj ls fey ugha ldrk FkkA 99 ch?kk dks 11 ch?kk i<uk ekewyh =qfV ugha gS cfYd xEHkhj ekeyk gSA ,slk i<+us ls jkT; ljdkj dks cM+h ek=k esa Hkwfe dh gkfu gqbZ o vizkfFkZ;ku dks uktk;t ykHk feykA ¼ch½ fookfnr Hkwfe dk caVokjk Hkh djok fy;k vkSj caVokjs esa esos [kka ds uke [kljk uEcj 339@392@2 dh 75 ch?kk 5 fcLok jdck gh vk;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa tks Hkwfe esos [kka ds LoRo esa gh ugha jgh rks mlds lEcU/k esa nq:Lrh dk vkosnu dSls Lohdkj dj fy;kA vkosnu i= ds lkFk ipkZ lsfVyes.V o /kkjk 91 ds uksfVl isk fd;s x;s gS ftlds vuqlkj o"kZ 1978 esa 58 ch?kk 11 fcLok Hkwfe esa uktk;t dkr jgha gSA uktk;t dkr ds vk/kkj ij LoRo dk fu/kkZj.k djuk fof/k vuqdwy ugha gSA dsoy vPNs fdLe dh Hkwfe vizkFkhZx.k ds uke ntZ djok dj vns; ykHk igqWpk;k x;k gSA ¼lh½ vkosnu i= esa of.kZr Hkwfe ls vf/kd Hkwfe ckcr~ fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k x;k gS vkSj foHkktu Hkh dj fn;k x;kA vizkFkhZx.k ds oS;fäd dkuwu ds vuqlkj Hkwfe/kkjh ds thoudky esa lUrku dk gd ugha curk gSA ¼Mh½ tks Hkwfe esos [kkW ds fdlh izdkj dh LoRo dh ugha Fkh mldks esos [kkW dks nsus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj {ks= ugha Fkk vkSj ;g dk;Zokgh vf/kdkj {ks= ls ckgj tkdj dh xbZ gSA bl izdkj ;g ekeyk Li"V :i ls ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk izfrikfnr fl)kUr ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1954 ist 340 ds doj gksrk gS tks fuEu izdkj gS& (a) Civil P.C. (1908), Ss. 9, 21—Decree passed without jurisdiction is nullity. It is a fundamental principle that a decree passed by a Court without jurisdiction is a nullity and that its invalidity could be set up whenever and whenever it is sought to be enforced or relied upon, even at the stage of execution and even in collateral proceedings. A defect of jurisdiction, whether it is pecuniary or territorial, or whether it is in respect of the subject matter of the action, strikes as the very authority of the Court to pass any decree, and such a defect cannot be cured even by consent of parties. A defect of jurisdiction, whether it is pecuniary or territorial, or whether it is in respect of the subject matter of the action, strikes as the very authority of the Court to pass any decree, and such a defect cannot be cured even by consent of parties. lgk;d mifuosku vk;qä us vf/kdkj {ks= ls ckgj tkdj vkSj rF;ksa ds foijhr o vkosnu ls vyx gVdj 99 ch?kk 11 fcLok Hkwfe vizkFkhZx.k ds [kkrsnkjh esa ntZ djus ds vknsk ns fn;s gS tcfd bl [kljk uEcj esa bruh Hkwfe gh ugha Fkh vkSj mldh vkM esa T;knk Hkwfe ys yh xbZ gSA vr% vf/kdkj {ks= ls ckgj tkdj fd;k x;k —R; voS/k ,oa izkjEHk ls izHkkokwU; gSA ¼bZ½ /kkjk 9 Hkw jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1956 ds rgr jktLo e.My dks jsQjsUl djus okys vf/kdkjh rFkk bUnzkt nq:Lr djus okys vf/kdkjh nksuksa ij lqijfotu ds vf/kdkj gS vkSj tc jktLo e.My ds lkeus ,slh dksbZ rF;ksa dks Nqikdj Fraud and Mis-representation ds tfj;s Hkwfe izkIr djus dk o nq:Lrh dk ekeyk vk tkrk gS rks ,sls ekeyksa esa vk¡[k cUn ugha dh tk ldrh gS vkSj ,sls /kks[kk?kM+h ls fd;s x;s xyr bUnzkt dks fdlh Hkh Lrj ij fujLr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl ekeys esa ;g rduhdh fcUnq vkM+s ugha vk;saxs fd dysDVj dks jsQjsUl djus dk vf/kdkj Fkk ;k ughaA D;ksafd vk/kkjHkwr U;k; rduhdh fcUnqvksa ls Åij gSA tSlkfd ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vkj-vkj-Mh- 2003 ist 384] 2004 vkj-,y-MCY;w- ikVZ 1 ist 220] vkj-ch-ts- 2000 ist 235 esa fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA lUnHkZ ds fy;s 1994 ,-vkbZ-vkj- lqizhe dksVZ 1128 dk gsMuksV izLrqr djuk mfpr gS& "Technical objections should not come in doing full and complete justice between the parties—Order set aside and ordered for substitution of law." ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB us vkj-vkj-Mh- 2002 ist 1 esa ;g fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd Fraud and Mis-representation ls fd;k x;k vkoaVu fdlh Hkh le; [kkfjt fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mlesa pkgs [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj izkIr gks x;s gks rks Hkh vkoaVu fujLr djus esa dksbZ ck/;rk ugha gSA bl ekeysa esa esos [kka dks u rks vkoaVu fd;k x;k gS vkSj u gh fookfnr vkjkth ij mldk dksbZ oS/k LoRo gh gSA ¼,Q½ Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 38] 39 esa uhfr funsZkd fl)kUr fn;s x;s gS muesa Li"V :i ls dgk x;k gS fd lalk/kkuksa dk U;k;iw.kZ caVokjk vko;d gSA bl ekeysa esa U;k;iw.kZ caVokjk gksus dh lEHkkouk dk guu gqvk gSA 38. State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people:– ((2) The State shall, in particular, strive to minimize the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations)". "39. Certain Principles of policy to be followed by the State:– (a) that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means to livelihood. (b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to sub-serve the common good; (c) that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment." 8- mijksä of.kZr rF;ksa ,oa dkuwuh izko/kkuksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq;s rFkk /kkjk 9 Hkw jktLo vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr izko/kkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq;s rFkk ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; dh uthj ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1954 ist 340 dks lEeku iwoZd ykxw ekurs gq;s ;g jsQjsUl Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gs rFkk lgk;d vk;qä mifuosku dksyk;r }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 22-5-79 fujLr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk vU; lEcfU/kr vknsk fujLr djds fookfnr Hkwfe jktdh; flok; pd ntZ djus ds vknsk fn;s tkrs gSA fu.kZ; lquk;k x;kA