Jheky] lnL;-&la{ksi esa izuxr izkFkZuk i= ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, vko;d rF; bl izdkj gS fd oknh Jhefr tM+ko us izfroknh eaxyk] fdkuk ,oa tLlh ds fo:) ,d jktLo okn jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 dh /kkjk 183 ds vUrxZr xzke ykMuw esa fLFkr vkjkth ds laca/k esa mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] MhMokuk ds U;k;ky; esa izLrqr fd;kA i{kdkjksa dks lquus ds ipkr~ mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] MhMokuk us muds fu.kZ; fnukad 27-9-89 }kjk oknh dk okn [kkfjt dj fn;kA mä fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh ls O;fFkr gksdj oknh Jhefr tM+ko us izFke vihy la- 420@89 jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh ¼izFke½ tks/kiqj ds U;k;ky; esa izLrqr dh] ftls mUgksaus muds fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 18-1-91 }kjk Lohdkj dj yhA mä fu.kZ; o fMØh ls O;fFkr gksdj izfroknhx.k@vihykFkhZx.k us f}rh; vihy 257@91 jktLo e.My jktLFkku] vtesj esa isk dhA jktLo e.My us mä vihy esa izR;FkhZ@oknh Jhefr tM+ko dks uksfVl fn;k vkSj uksfVl rkehy ds ipkr~ i{kdkjksa dks lqudj vihykFkhZ@vizkFkhZ eaxyk o vU; dh f}rh; vihy vius fu.kZ; fnukad 28-10-97 }kjk vLohdkj dj nhA mä fu.kZ; o fMØh ls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ@izfroknh eaxyk o vU; us ,l-ch- flfoy fjV ;kfpdk ua- 3535@98 ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky;] tks/kiqj ds le{k isk dh] ftls ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; dh ,dyihB us vius fu.kZ; fnukad 21-1-99 }kjk vihykFkhZx.k@ izfroknhx.k dh fjV fiVhku fujLr dj nhA mä fu.kZ; ls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZx.k@izfroknhx.k us Mh-ch- Lisky vihy la- 405@99 ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky;] tks/kiqj ds le{k isk dh] ftls ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB us vius vknsk fnukad 9-7-2003 }kjk fujLr dj nhA 2- izkFkhZ@oknh us ,d izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr /kkjk 151] 152] 153 lh-ih-lh- jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] ukxkSj ds U;k;ky; esa isk dj fuosnu fd;k fd vihy la- 420@89 ds eheksa esa [kljk uacj 1233 dh ctk; 1223 vafdr gks x;k vkSj jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] tks/kiqj ¼izFke½ }kjk fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh ikfjr djrs gq, fMØh esa Hkh [kljk ua- 1233 ds LFkku ij 1223 vafdr gks x;k] ftls nq:Lr fd;k tkosaA jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] ukxkSj us muds vknsk fnukad 9-11-2006 }kjk izkFkhZ dk izkFkZuk i= fujLr dj fn;k] D;ksafd jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] tks/kiqj }kjk ikfjr vknsk ds fo:) vihykFkhZx.k@vizkFkhZx.k eaxyk o vU; us f}rh; vihy jktLo e.My jktLFkku] vtesj esa izLrqr dh Fkh] tks fu.kZ; fnukad 28-10-97 dks [kkfjt dh xbZ vkSj jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 28-10-97 esa foyhu gks x;kA izkFkhZ@oknh Jhefr tM+ko ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k us fnukad 16-11-2006 dks ,d izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr 151 o 152 lh-ih-lh- isk dj fu.kZ; fnukad 28-10-97 esa [kljk ua- 1223 ds LFkku ij 1233 ntZ djus dk fuosnu fd;kA 3- mä izkFkZuk i= ij i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koäkx.k dks lquk x;kA 4- vihykFkhZx.k@vizkFkhZx.k eaxyk o vU; ds fo}ku vf/koäk us izkjfEHkd vkifÙk vkifÙk mBkrs gq, fuosnu fd;k fd vihykFkhZx.k@vizkFkhZx.k] eaxyk] fdkuk o tLlh esa ls eaxyk ,oa tLlh csok [ksek dk LoxZokl cgqr igys gks pqdk gS vkSj e`rdksa ds gd esa gq, fu.kZ; ds [kljk uacj dks cnyus dk vf/kdkj vc U;k;ky; dks ugha gSA ewy oknh Jhefr tM+ko dk Loxzokl gks pqdk gs vkSj e`rd tM+ko dh vksj ls izuxr izkFkZuk i= nq:Lrh okLrs izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA izkFkZuk i= izLrqr djus ds iwoZ e`rd tM+ko ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa dks vfHkys[k ij ugha fy;k x;k gS] bl dkj.k izkfkZuk i= iks"k.kh; ugha gSA fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 27-9-89 }kjk nkok [kkfjt dj fn;k Fkk] ftlds fo:) izR;FkhZ@oknh tM+ko us izFke vihy jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh ¼izFke½ tks/kiqj ds ;gkW izLrqr dh Fkh] ftls mUgksaus muds fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 18-1-91 }kjk Lohdkj dj yh] ftls lakksf/kr djokus okLrs izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ us ,d vkosnu i= jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh ukxkSj] ds le{k izLrqr fd;k] ftls mUgksaus muds fu.kZ; fnukad 9-11-2006 }kjk [kkfjt dj fn;kA bl dkj.k vc ;g f}rh; izkFkZuk i= iks"k.kh; ugha gSA izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ dks pkfg, Fkk fd vknsk fnukad 28-10-97 dks gh jktLo e.My esa pqukSrh nsrsA vr% izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= dks fujLr fd;k tkosA 5- izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koäk dk dFku gS fd izkFkhZ dksbZ u;k vuqrks"k ugha pkg jgk gSA lgou ls [kljk uacj xyr vafdr gks x,] og mlesa lakks/ku pkg jgk gS rFkk ,slk lakks/ku dHkh Hkh vkSj fdlh Hkh Lrj ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn vfHkopuksa esa Hkh =qfV jg xbZ rks mls Hkh fdlh Hkh Lrj ij lq/kkjk tk ldrk gSA vius mijksä dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus ,-vkbZ-vkj- 2007 iatkc ,.M gfj;k.kk ist 51 U;kf;d n`"VkUr ij Hkjkslk fd;kA jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh ukxkSj ds le{k izR;FkhZ@ izkFkhZ us izkFkZuk i= izLrqr fd;k Fkk] ftls mUgksaus muds vknsk fnukad 9-11-2006 }kjk ;g dgrs gq, [kkfjt dj fn;k fd fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fn- 18-1-91 dks vihykFkhZx.k@ vizkFkhZx.k us jktLo e.My esa pqukSrh nh Fkh] ftls jktLo e.My us vius fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 28-10-97 }kjk [kkfjt dj nh ;g dgrs gq, fd izR;FkhZ@ izkFkhZ dks jktLo e.My esa gh izkFkZuk i= isk djuk pkfg,A bl dkj.k izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ us jktLo e.My ds le{k izkFkZuk i= izLrqr fd;k gS] ftls Lohdkj fd;k tk,A vius mijksä dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus 2004¼1½ vkj-vkj-Vh ist 150] 2001 Mh-,u-ts- ¼,l-lh-½ ist 191] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1984 bykgckn ist 167 U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa dk lgkjk fy;kA 6- geus i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koäkx.k ds rdksZ ij euu fd;k ,oa jktLo e.My dh f}rh; vihy i=koyh la- 257@91 dk Hkh /;kuiwoZd voyksdu fd;k o izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa ij xkSj fd;kA 7- vihykFkhZx.k@vizkFkhZx.k ds vf/koäk Jh nos dk ;g ,rjkt gS fd vihykFkhZx.k@vizkFkhZx.k i{k esa ls eaxyk o tLlh dk LoxZokl gks pqdk gS ,oa ewy okfnuh tM+ko dk Hkh nsgkUr gks tkus ls e`rd ds gd esa gq, fu.kZ; esa [kljk uacj dks cnyus dk vf/kdkj vc bl U;k;ky; dks ugha gSA fo}ku vf/koäk vihykFkhZx.k@ vizkFkhZx.k ds bl dFku ls ge lger ugha gS] D;ksafd izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ }kjk pkgk x;k lakks/ku laHkor;k vkt u gksdj fu.kZ; ds rqjUr ckn gksrk rc Hkh og fLFkfr jgrh tSlh fd vkt lakks/ku djus ij jgsxhA pwafd fu.kZ; o fMØh ikfjr djus ds ipkr~ vxj dksbZ i{kdkj QkSr gks tkrk gS rks mldk izHkko mlds okfjlku ij ogh jgsxk tSls Lo;a i{kdkj gksA fygktk fo}ku vf/koäk Jh nos }kjk e`rd i{kdkjku~ ds ckcr~ mBk, x, ,rjkt dks fujLr fd;k tkrk gSA 8- /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- ds vUrxZr fu.kZ; esa lakks/ku dHkh Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA /kkjk 153¼d½ lh-ih-lh- ds vUrxZr tc vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vihy dks la{ksir% esa [kkfjt dj fn;k tk, rks lakks/ku ml U;k;ky; }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlus izFke ckj fMØh ;k vknsk ikfjr fd;k gSA fu.kZ; esa lakks/ku U;k;ky; Loizsj.kk ls vFkok fdlh i{kdkj ds vkosnu ij dj ldrk gSA /kkjk 151 lhihlh ds v/khu U;k;ky; dks dsoy viuh ,slh =qfV;ksa dks lgh djus dh kfä ugha izkIr gS tks fu.kZ; fMØh ;k vknsk esa ?kfVr gqbZ gS vfirq og ,slh =qfV;ksa dks Hkh lakksf/kr dj ldrk gs tks vkjfEHkd :i esa i{kdkjksa }kjk vius c;ku esa kq: ls ?kfVr gqbZ gksa vkSj ftls vkxs pydj fu.kZ; fMØh ,oa vknsk esa nkSgjk;k x;k gksaA izuxr izdj.k esa jktLo e.My dh [k.MihB us vihykFkhZx.k@vizkFkhZx.k eaxyk }kjk izLrqr vihy la- 257@91 dks la{ksir% [kkfjt ugha fd;k] cfYd izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ dks uksfVl nsdj i{kdkjksa dks lqudj xq.kkoxq.k ij [kkfjt fd;k] bl dkj.k jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] tks/kiqj }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 18-1-91 [k.MihB }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 28-10-97 esa foyhu gks x;kA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us M/s. Gojer Brothers (P) Ltd. vs. Shri Ratan Lal Singh ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1974 ,l-lh- ist 1380 esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& "The fundamental reasons of the rule that where there has been an appeal, the decree to be executed is the decree of the Appellate Court is that in such cases the decree of the trial Court is merged in the decree of the Appellate Court. In course of time, this concept which was originally restricted to appellate decrees on the ground that an apeal is a continuation of the suit, came to be gradually extended to other proceedings like revisions and even to proceedings before quasi-judicial and executive authorities". Kunhayammed and Ors. vs. State of Kerala & Anr. (2000) 6 SCC 359 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us ;g dgk gS fd%& "12.... Once the Superior Court has disposed of the lis before it either way — Whether the decree or order under appeal is set aside or modified or simply confirmed, it is the decree or order of the Superior Court Tribunal or authority which is the final binding and operative decree or order wherein merges the decree or order passed by the Court, Tribunal or the authority below. However, the doctrine is not of universal or unlimited application. The nature of jurisidction exercised by the superior Forum and the content or subject matter of challenge laid or which could have been laid shall have to be kept in view." ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds ifjizs{; esa jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 18-1-91 jktLo e.My }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 28-10-97 esa foyhu gks x;k] bl dkj.k jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh dks fu.kZ; esa lakks/ku djus dk gekjh lqfopkfjr jk; esa dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha jgkA izuxr izdj.k esa vihykFkhZx.k@vizkFkhZx.k dk ;g vk{ksi ugha gS fd fu.kZ; fnukad 28-10-97 }kjk okn ds i{kdkjksa ds vfrfjä fdlh vU; rhljs i{kdkj esa vf/kdkj vUrxZr gks x, gS vkSj Hkwy lq/kkj djus ls rhljs i{kdkjksa ds fgrksa ij izfrdwy izHkko iM+us dh laHkkouk gSA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us ljnkj vejthrflag dkyjk ¼MsM½ ck; ,yklZ ,.M vnlZ cuke izeksn xqIrk ¼Jhefr½ ¼MsM½ ck; ,yklZ ,.M vnlZ ¼2003½ 3 ,l-lh-lh- 272 esa dgk gS%& "26. Laws of procedure are meant to regulate effectively, assist and aid the object of doing substantial and real justice and not to foreclose even an adjudication on merits of substantial rights of citizen under persona, property and other laws. Procedure has always been viewed as the handmaid of justice and not meant to hamper the cause of justice or sanctify miscarriage of justice. 31. Procedure has always been viewed as the handmaid of justice and not meant to hamper the cause of justice or sanctify miscarriage of justice. 31. XXX With the march and progress of law, the new horizons explored and modalities discerned and the fact that the procedural laws must be liberally construed to really serve as handmaid, make it workable adn advance the ends of justice, technical objections which tend to be stumbling blocks to defeat and deny substantial and effective justice should be strictly viewed for being discouraged, except where the mandate of law inevitably necessitates if.........". ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds ifjizs{; esa ;fn ge izuxr izdj.k dks ijh{k.k djsa rks vfHkys[k ds voyksdu ls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ }kjk tks lakks/ku pkgk x;k gS og mldh vkdfLed Hkwy ds dkj.k gqvkA vr% fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 28-10-97 esa [kljk ua- 1223 ds LFkku ij 1233 vafdr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gSA izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= esa vafdr nkkZbZ xbZ =qfV ln~Hkkoh Vad.k dh =qfV gS] ftUgsa /kkjk 152 lh-ih-lh- ds izko/kkuksa ds vUrxZr lakksf/kr fd;k tkuk U;k; laxr ,oa vko;d gSA 9- vr% izkFkZuk i= Lohdkj fd;k tkdj e.My ds fu.kZ; fnukad 28-10-97 ds i`"B la-1 ds iSjk ua-2 esa of.kZr [kljk ua- 1223 ds LFkku ij [kljk ua- 1233 vafdr fd;s tkus ds vknsk fn;s tkrs gSA rn~uqlkj lakks/ku ewy fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 28-10-97 esa fd;k tkosa lkFk gh bl vknsk dks fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 28-10-97 dk vak le>k tkos ,oa jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] tks/kiqj ds vihy la- 420@89 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 18-1-91 esa Hkh mä lakks/ku dks le>k ,oa i<+k tk,xkA 10- ;g lakks/ku ewy fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 28-10-97 ls laca/k j[ksxk rFkk mä vknsk ,oa ewy vihy la- 257@91 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 28-10-97 esa rn~uqlkj lakks/ku fd;k x;k] ftlls mä nksuksa fu.kZ;ksa dh izfr;ka iqu% jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] tks/kiqj ¼izFke½ rFkk jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] ukxkSj dks fofo/k izkFkZuk i= la- 7@2006 vknsk fnukad 9-11-2006 ds lanHkZ esa ,oa mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] MhMokuk dks Hkh ikyukFkZ nh tkosaA 11- vknsk [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA