MkW- ijeskpUnz] v/;{k-&;g f}rh; vihy /kkjk 225 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼la{ksi esa ^vf/kfu;e*½ ds vUrxZr jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] t;iqj ds fu.kZ; fnukad 3-2-2006 ds fo:) izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- izdj.k ds la{ksi esa rF; bl izdkj gS fd orZeku jsLiksaMs.V ua-2 ds ifr ckY;k iq= gjnsok us ,d jktLo okn U;k;ky; mi [k.M vf/kdkjh] t;iqj f}rh; ds le{k mn~?kks"k.kk ,oa LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk dk orZeku vihyk.V@izfroknhx.k ds fo:) izLrqr fd;k ftlesa okn i= ds vfHkdFkuksa ,oa tokcnkos ds vfHkdFkuksa ds vk/kkj ij 9 rufd;kr dk;e dh xbZ] tks bl izdkj gS%& ¼1½ vk;k fookfnr vkjkth [kljk ua- lkfcdk 519 jdck 5 ch?kk 10 fcLok rFkk [kljk ua- 519@618 jdck 4 ch?kk 15 fcLok okds xzke nkaryh rglhy lkaxkusj oknhx.k us fnukad 21-7-63 dks izfroknh la-1 ls 5 ds firk ,oa izfroknh la-6 ls fcy ,ot 581@& :i;s esa [kjhn dh Fkh] ftldh fy[kkoV cgd oknhx.k fy[k nh Fkh rFkk oknhx.k dk dCtk rHkh ls gks x;k FkkA --- oknh ¼2½ vk;k fooknxzLr vkjkth ij oknhx.k [kjhnus ds ckn ls lu~ 1963 ls vkt rd dkfct jgdj dkr djrs gSA --- oknh ¼3½ vk;k fy[kkoV fnukad 21-7-63 ,d viath—r nLrkost gSA oknh bl viath—r nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj ?kksf"kr djus dk vf/kdkjh gSA --- oknh ¼4½ vk;k mä cspku fn- 21-7-63 f[kykQ dkuwu gksus ls ,cbfufk;ksa oksbZM gS] ftlds vk/kkj ij oknh dks dksbZ vf/kdkj izkIr ugha gksrs gSA --- izfroknh ¼5½ vk;k nkok ukWu-tksbZ.Mj vkWQ ikVhZt ds nks"k ls xzLr gS rFkk blh fcuk ij pyus ;ksX; ugha gSA --- izfroknh ¼6½ vk;k nkok esa fel tksbZ.Mj vkWQ dkWt+ vkWQ ,Dku dk nks"k gksus ls nkok pyus ;ksX; ugha gSA --- izfroknh ¼7½ vk;k izfroknh la-1 ls 5 us fnukad 15-7-80 dks izfroknh la-8 ds gd esa ,d foØ; i= ckcr~ vkjkth [k-ua- 519 jdck 5 ch?kk 10 fcLok iath—r djk fn;k tks oknhx.k ds eqdkcys Dyse csvlj gSA --- oknh ¼8½ vk;k oknhx.k ?kks"k.kk djkus ,oa LFkk;h fu"ks/kkKk ls izfroknhx.k dks ikcan djkus ds vf/kdkjh gSA --- oknh ¼9½ nknjlh\ fopkj.k U;k;ky; us mijksä dk;e rufd;kr esa ls rudh ua-3 o 4 dks dkuwuh rudh ekurs gq, mudk fu.kZ; oknhx.k ds f[kykQ djrs gq, oknh ds okn dks fu.kZ; fnukad 10-6-99 }kjk [kkfjt fd;k] ftlds fo:) oknhx.k us jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] t;iqj ds le{k vihy izLrqr dh ftlesa vihyh; U;k;ky; us ;g ik;k fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fookfnr Hkwfe ij vihykFkhZ@oknhx.k ds dCts ds ckcr~ dksbZ fu.kZ; ugha djrs gq, tks fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 10-6-99 dks ikfjr dh gS og fujLr ;ksX; gs ,oa blh vuq:i jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh us vius fu.kZ; fnukad 3-2-2006 }kjk oknhx.k dh vihy vkafkd Lohdkj djrs gq, fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; o fMØh dks vikLr djrs gq, izdj.k nksuksa i{kksa dh lquokbZ dj lHkh rufd;kr ij rudhokj fu.kZ; ikfjr djus gsrq v/khuLFk fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks izfrizsf"kr fd;k gS] ftlds fo:) ;g f}rh; vihy izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 3- vihyk.V~l ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ gS fd izLrqr izdj.k esa oknhx.k us fy[kkoV fnukad 21-7-1963 tks ,d viath—r nLrkost gS] ftlds vk/kkj ij [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj ?kksf"kr djkus dh ekax dh gS vkSj pwafd fnukad 21-7-63 dk mä cspku jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 42 ds fo:) gksus ls "Ab-initio void" gS blfy, oknhx.k dks dksbZ vf/kdkj izkIr ugha gksrs gS vkSj fopkj.k U;k;ky; us bu nksuksa rufd;kr dks dkuwuh rufd;kr ekurs gq, bu rufd;kr ij oknh ds f[kykQ fu.kZ; djrs gq, okn dks fujLr djus esa dksbZ voS/kkfudrk ugha dh gS ftlds fo:) izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us Hkwfe ds dCts ds laca/k esa fu.kZ; fn;s tkus dh vko;drk crkrs gq, izdj.k dks izfrizsf"kr djus esa voS/kkfudrk dh gSA 4- jsLiksaMsa.V~l ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd us jktLo vihy izkf/kkdjh ds fu.kZ; dk leFkZu djrs gq, rdZ izLrqr fd;k gS fd izLrqr izdj.k esa okn i= o tokcnkos ds vk/kkj ij dqy 9 rufd;kr dk;e dh xbZ gS ftlesa rudh ua-1] 2 fookfnr Hkwfe ds fnukad 21-7-63 ls oknhx.k ds dCts o dkr ds laca/k esa rFkk rudh ua-7 izfroknh ua-1 ls 5 }kjk fnukad 15-7-80 dks fookfnr Hkwfe dks izfroknh la-8 ds gd esa foØ; ckcr~ cukbZ xbZ] ftlds fu.kZ; gq, cxSj dsoy rudh ua-3 o 4 ij cxSj lk{; izkIr fd, fopkj.k U;k;ky; us tks fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k gS] mls fof/klEer ugha ekurs gq, jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh us lHkh rufd;kr ij fu.kZ; djus gsrq izdj.k dks izfrizsf"kr djus esa dksbZ voS/kkfudrk vFkok vfu;ferrk ugha dh gSA 5- geus nksuksa i{kksa ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kdx.k ds rdZ lqusA mu ij euu fd;k rFkk izdj.k ls lacaf/kr miyc/k fjdkMZ dk Hkh voyksdu fd;kA 6- izLrqr izdj.k esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; us rudh uacj 3 vkSj 4 dks dkuwuh rudh eku dj okn dks bl vk/kkj ij [kkfjt fd;k gS fd fnukad 21-7-63 dk bdjkjukek iath—r nLrkost gS vkSj viath—r nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj ugha fn;s tk ldrs vkSj mä [kjhn dk bdjkjukek Hkh vuqlwfpr tkfr dh Hkwfe dh [kjhn dk gS blfy;s /kkjk 42 ^vf/kfu;e* ds izko/kkuksa ds izfrdwy gksus ls izHkkokwU; ¼Void ab-initio½ bdjkjukek gS vkSj bu nks rudh;ksa dk fu.kZ; djrs gq, okn [kkfjt fd;k gS tc fd jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] t;iqj ds le{k orZeku jsLiksaMs.V uacj 1 ckY;k o orZeku jsLiksaMsaV uacj 2 ds ifr Hkksyh;k }kjk izLrqr dh xbZ vihy esa jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh us ;g ekuk gs fd dsoy mä nks rudh;ksa ij cxSj lk{; fy;s muds fu"d"kZ ij vk/kkfjr fu.kZ; fof/k lEer ugha gS D;ksafd okn esa dCts ds lEcU/k esa Hkh rufd;ka] cukbZ xbZ Fkha ysfdu pwafd okn ds fopkjk ds nkSjku dksbZ lk{; gh ugha yh xbZ vkSj dsoy rudh uacj 3 vkSj 4 dk fu.kZ; djrs gq, okn dks [kkfjt fd;k gS tc fd iwjs okn dk fu.kZ; vU; rufd;ka] ftuesa vihykFkhZ dk 1963 ls dCtk pyk vk jgk gS] mä rudh;ksa ij Hkh xq.kkoxq.k ij fu.kZ; djuk vko;d le>rs gq, jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh us izdj.k dks fjek.M d;k gSa lh-ih-lh- ds vknsk 14 fu;e 2 esa ;g izko/kku fd;s x;s gS fd fdlh Hkh okn dk fu.kZ; ;fn dk;e dh xbZ rudh;ksa esa ls fof/k lEcU/kh rudh;kr ds fu.kZ; ls gks tkrk gS rks ,slh rufd;ksa dk fopkj.k ¼Trial½ dj igys fd;k tkdj okn dk fu.kZ; fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA lhihlh ds vknsk 14 fu;e 2 esa fn;s x;s izko/kku bl izdkj gS %& CPC O. 14 R. 2 1. xx xx [2. Court of pronounce judgment on all issues.(1) Notwithstanding that a case may be disposed of on a preliminary issue, the Court shall, subject to the provisions of sub-rule (2), pronounce judgment on all issues. (2) Where issues both of law and of fact arise in the same suit, and the Court is of opinion that the case or any part thereof may be disposed of on an issue of law only, it may try that issue first if that issue relates to– (a) the jurisdiction of the Court, or (b) a bar to the suit created by any law for the time being in force. and for that purpose may, if it thinks fit, postpone the settlement of the other issues until after that issue has been determined, and may deal with the suit in accordance with he decision on that issue.] 7- izLrqr izdj.k esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; us rudh uacj 4 ij cxSj lk{; fy;s bls dkuwuh rudh ekurs gq, cspku fnukad 24-7-63 dks /kkjk 42 ds fo:) gksuk ekurs gq, Ab initio void ?kksf"kr djrs gq, rFkk rudh uacj 3 dks Hkh cxSj lk{; izkIr fd;s fnukad 21-7-63 ds foØ;i= }kjk viath—r nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij oknh dks [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj ?kksf"kr djokus dk vf/kdkjh ugha ekurs gq, okn dks [kkfjt fd;k gSA tc fd izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk dk;e dh xbZ rudh uacj 1 vkSj 2 tks dCts ds laca/k esa gS mlds laca/k esa viuk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;s tkus dh vkodr; eglwl djrs gq, izdj.k dks izfrizsf"kr fd;k gS D;ksafd oknh }kjk lu~ 1963 ls yxkrkj dCts dks Hkh okn dk vk/kkj cuk;k gSA 8- ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us ^^Hkaojyky cuke vkse izdkk** 1987¼1½ MCY;w-,y-,u- ist 118 ds izdj.k esa tks O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS] og bl izdkj gS%& "Civil Procedure Code — O. 14 R. (2) — Two issues of law can dispose of case — Held, Court committed a material irregularity in not trying law issue as preliminary issues." 9- blh izdkj ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1996 ¼e/; iznsk½ ist 11 ^^eksgEen eqLrQk [kk¡ cuke xqyke jÅQ** ds izdj.k esa lh-ih-lh- ds vksnk 14 fu;e 2 ds lEcU/k esa fuEu O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS] tks bl izdkj gS%& "Civil P.C. (5 of 1908), O. 14, R. — Preliminary issue — Jurisdiction of Court issue not requiring recording of evidence for deciding it — Can be tried as preliminary issue". 10- ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1993 bZykgkckn ist 2 "The Manager, Bettiah Estate vs. Sri Bhagwati Saran Singh and others" ds izdj.k esa tks O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS] og bl izdkj gS%& "Civil P.C. (5 of 1908), O. 14 R. 2 — Preliminary issue — Framing of — Scope — Issue about jurisdiction of Court — Not raised in pleadings of parties — Framing of issue as preliminary and disposal of case unjustified." 11- mä vknsk 14 fu;e ¼2½ ds lc iSjk 2 esa ;g Li"V :i ls vafdr fd;k x;k gS fd tgka okn esa cuk, x, rufd;kr dkuwuh ,oa rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gksa vkSj U;k;ky; dks ;g yxs fd okn dk fu.kZ; dkuwuh rufd;kr ds fu.kZ; ls gh gks ldrk gS rks ,slh fLFkfr esa U;k;ky; ,sls dkuwuh rufd;kr dk fopkj.k i`Fkd~ :i ls djsxk] ;fn og dkuwuh rufd;kr U;k;ky; ds {ks=kf/kdkj vFkok fdlh Hkh izpfyr dkuwu ds izfrdwy nk;j fd;k gqvk okn gksA 12- izLrqr izdj.k esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; us rudh ua-3 o 4 dks dkuwuh fcUnq ekurs gq, mlesa fu.kZ; djrs gq, okn dks [kkfjt fd;k gSA bu rufd;kr esa rudh ua-4 fooknxzLr vkjkth ds cspku fnukad 21-7-63 dks /kkjk 42 dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds rgr "Ab initio void" ekurs gq, bl rudh dk fu.kZ; fd;k gSA bl laca/k esa tks dkuwuh fLFkfr gS ml ij fopkj fd;k tkuk ge mfpr le>rs gSA jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 fnukad 15-10-1955 dks izHkko esa vk;kA vf/kfu;e 1955 ds izHkko esa vkus ds le; /kkjk 41 o 42 esa fuEu izko/kku Fks %& "Sec. 41. Transferability of Khatedars interest.—The interest of a khatedar tenant shall be transferable, otherwise than by way of sub-lease, subject to the conditions specified in Secs. 42 to 43. Sec. 42. Transferability of Khatedars interest.—The interest of a khatedar tenant shall be transferable, otherwise than by way of sub-lease, subject to the conditions specified in Secs. 42 to 43. Sec. 42. Sale of gift.—Except with the general or special permission of the State Government, no Khatedar tenant shall have the right to transfer by sale or gift his interest in the whole or a part of his holding to any person who at the date of such transfer is already in possession of land which together with the land so transferred will exceed 90 acres or unirrigated or 30 acres of irrigated land." Explanation.—If such land is partly irrigated and partly unirrigated, one acre of irrigated land shall, for calculating the area of land for the purposes of this section, be deemed to be equivalent to three acres of un-irrigated land." 13- mijksä /kkjkvksa ds iBu ls ;g Li"V gS fd [kkrsnkjh VhusaV ds fgrksa dk /kkjk 41 ds rgr gLrkarj.k /kkjk 42 esa nh xbZ krksZ ds vuq:i fd;s tkus ds izko/kku fd;s x;s rFkk /kkjk 42 esa [kkrsnkjh vfkdkjksa ds cspku vFkok nku ds ckcr~ dqN izfrca/k yxk, x,] tks fd mä /kkjk 42 esa crk, x, gSA jktLFkku fVusalh ,DV dh /kkjk 42 dks 1956 esa lakksf/kr fd;k x;kA ;g lakks/ku Rajasthan Tenancy (Second Amdnemnent) No. 28 of 1956 }kjk fd;k] tks fnukad 22-9-1956 dks izHkko esa vk;k gS ¼ftls ^^f}rh; ,DV** ds uke ls lacksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½A bl f}rh; ,DV dh /kkjk 4 esa tks izko/kku fd;k x;k gS] oks bl izdkj gS %& "Rajasthan Tenancy Act" "Sec. 4 to Sec. 41 of the Principal Act, the following proviso shall be added before the Explanation and shall be deemed always to have been so added, namely:– Provided that no Khatedar tenant being a member of a scheduled caste or a Scheduled tribe shall so transfer his interest in the whole or a part of his holding so any person who is not a member of a scheduled caste or a scheduled tribe." 14- mijksä izksohtks ds iBu ls Li"V gS fd /kkjk 42 esa lakks/ku }kjk tks x, izksohtksa ds rgr fdlh Hkh vuqlwfpr tkfr o vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds lnL; dks viuh —f"k Hkwfe esa fufgr fgrksa dks vuqlwfpr tkfr o vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds lnL;ksa dks gh varfjr ¼transfer½ dkuwu ds izko/kku fd;s x,A vU; lkekU; tkfr ds lnL;ksa dks vuqlwfpr tkfr o vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds lnL; }kjk Hkwfe ds varj.k ij mä izksohtksa ds rgr jksd yxkbZ xbZ gSA 15- lu~ 1964 esa jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e esa ^^vf/kfu;e** dh /kkjk 42 dks iqu% lakksf/kr fd;k x;k vkSj ;g lakks/ku jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e ¼Amendment Act No.12 of 1964½ tks fnukad 1-5-1964 dks izHkko esa vk,] }kjk lakksf/kr fd;k x;kA /kkjk 42 esa fd;k x;k mä lakks/ku fuEu izdkj gS%& "Sec. 3. Substance of new section of Sec. 42. Rajasthan Act 3 of 1955 — For Sec. 42 of the principal Act, the following section shall be substituted, namely:– 42. General restrictions on sale, gift and bequest — The sale, gift or bequest by a Khatedar tenant of his interest in the whole on part of his holding shall be void, if– (a) it is not of a survey number except when the area of the survey number so sold, gifted or bequeathed is in excess of the minimum area prescribed for the purpose of sub-sec. (1) of Sec. 53, in which case also the area not transferred shall not be a fragment; Provided that this restriction shall not apply if the area so transferred becomes merged into a contiguous survey number; Provided further that this restriction shall not apply if the sale, gift or bequest is of the entire interest of a tenant in the survey number; (b) such sale, gift or bequest is by a member of a Scheduled Caste in favour of a person who is not a member of the Scheduled Caste, or by a member of the Scheduled Tribe in favour of a person who is not a member of the Scheduled Tribe; (c) made by a person enjoying khatedari rights since before the commencement of the Act in the project areas referred to in the proviso to sub-sec. (1) of Sec. 15 or in the Rajasthan Canal area mentioned in Sec. 15-A and any transfer by sale or gift made by any such person after the commencement of the Rajasthan Tenancy (Amendment) Ordinance No. 2 of 1960, shall be null and void." 16- jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ds izHkko esa vkus ds oä /kkjk 41 o 42 ds izko/kkuksa ,oa lu~ 1956 esa /kkjk esa fd;s x;s lakks/ku ,oa blds ipkr~ lu~ 1964 esa /kkjk 42 esa fd;s x;s lakks/ku esa lacaf/kr izdj.k ^^if.Mr f=os.kh ;ke cuke cksMZ vkWQ jsosU;w** vkj-vkj-Mh- 1964 ist 342 esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB ¼Honble C.J. Shri Dave) & (Honble Justice Kan Singh½ }kjk tks O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS] og bl izdkj gS%& (a) Raj. Tenancy Act, Sec. 42 — Proviso — Added by Sec. 4, Tenancy (Second Amendment) Act, 1956 — "Shall be deemed always to have been so added". Tenancy Act, Sec. 42 — Proviso — Added by Sec. 4, Tenancy (Second Amendment) Act, 1956 — "Shall be deemed always to have been so added". — Amendment not retrospective — Transaction prior to amendment not affected — Deeming clause violative of provision of Art. 19(1)(f) of Constitution. The effect of the deeming clause was that the provision to Sec. 42 should be read as if it appeared in the said section on 15/10/1955 when the principal Act was brought into force. Its effect would be to invalidate the transactions which had taken place between 15 October, 1955 when the principal Act was brought into force. Its effect would be to invalidate the transactions which had taken place between 15 October, 1955 and 22nd Sept. 1956. Article 19(1)(g) of the Constitution guarantees to all the citizens of India a fundamental right to acquire, hold and dispose of property. Once the proprietary right in the property was vested in the petitioner, he could not be deprived of his property, save by the authority of law. (Para 11) (b) Constitution of India, Art. 19(1)(f) & (5) — Raj. Tenancy (Second Amendment) Act, 1956, Sec. 4 — Interests and protection refer to subsisting interests and not to interests ceased to exist — Deeming clause in Sec. 4 not saved by clause (5) of Art. 19 and violative of Art. 19(1)(f) (Para 14). (c) Rajasthan Tenancy Act, Sec. 42 — New section substituted by Sec. 3 of Tenancy (Amendment) Act of 1964 — Clause (b) of new section not retrospective — Amendment not seeking to validate deeming clause of Sec. 4 of Second Amendment Act of 1956 which was held invalid from the very date, it was introduced. (Para 18)" 17- mijksä of.kZr ^^if.Mr f=os.kh ;ke cuke cksMZ vkWQ jsosU;w** ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;k/khkksa us ^vf/kfu;e 1955 dh /kkjk 42 dh foLrkjiwoZd O;k[;k dh gSA fu.kZ; ds lacaf/kr iSjkt dks bl fu.kZ; esa m)`r djuk mfpr izrhr gksrk gS] tks bl izdkj gS%& Para 8 :– "Before expressing any opinion regarding the said arguments, it may be observed that the Assistant Collector ought not to have decided issue No.5 on a hypothetical basis. It should have been decided properly along with other issues. The question of examining the rights of the petitioner could arise only issues. It should have been decided properly along with other issues. The question of examining the rights of the petitioner could arise only issues. The question of examining the rights of the petitioner could arise only if we were to come conclusion that Gyarsia has Khatedari tights in the disputed land and he was entitled to eject the defendnats. It the Court were to come to the conclusion that the defendants were in possession of the land in their own right and they could not be ejected by Gyarsia, the necessary of examining the validity of the transfer in favour of petitioner Triveni Shyam Sharma would not have arisen. It is on account of the trial Courts hasty decision on Issue No.5 that the suit has remained pending in the Court of Assistant Collector for such a long time. Since the Revenue Courts have not yet decided the question whether Gyarsia has khatedari rights in the property, we have to decide the present writ application on the assumption that the khatedari rights vested in him and that he had transferred them to the petitioner by a registered sale-deed dated 31/12/1955." Para 9 :– "Now, if Gyarsia had khatedari right in the disputed land and if he had transferred them in favour of the petitioner on 31/12/1955 by a registered sale-deed, it cannot be gainsaid that the transfer was valid on the date it was effected, since there was no legal restriction imposed upon Gyarsia against the transfer of the rights at the said date. The correctness of this position is conceded even by learned counsel for non-petitioners Nos. 4 to 5". Para 10 :– "The main question for determination is whether the sale of the proprietary right made by Gyarsia in favour of the petitioner became invalid on account of the subsequent legislation, namely, the addition of the proviso of Sec. 42 by the Second Amendment Act. A perusal of the language of the proviso which was added to Sec. 42, would show that if it is read without the context of the deeming clause, it cannot be said that it was to be applied retrospective. A perusal of the language of the proviso which was added to Sec. 42, would show that if it is read without the context of the deeming clause, it cannot be said that it was to be applied retrospective. The difficulty was created only because of the words "shall be deemed always to have been so added." inserted in Sec. 4 of the Second Act while introducing the proviso." Para 11 :– "We have given our anxious consideration to the validity of the deeming clause and we are of opinion that it was undoubtedly violative of the provisions of Art. 19(1) of the Constitution of India. The effect of the demining clause was that the proviso to Sec. 42 should be read as if it appeared in the said Section on 15/10/1955 when the principal Act was brought into force. Its effect would be to invalidate the transactions which had taken place between 1/10/1955 and 22/09/1956, Art. 19(1)(f) of the Constitution gurantees to all the citizens of India fundamental rights to acquire, hold and dispose of property. It was held by this Court inJasuram vs. State of Rajasthan - AIR 1963 Raj. 72 that the bundle of rights which a khatedar tenant has under the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, is a collection of all the essential attributes which constitute the concept of property. In the Commissioner, Hindu Religious Endowments , Madras vs. Lakshmindra Thirtha Swamiar – AIR 1954 SC 232, it was held by their Lordships of the Supreme Court that "the word property should be given a liberal and wide connotation and should be extended to all well recognised types of interest which have the insignia or characteristics of proprietary right". It was this view which was followed in the said case. It is, therefore, plain that prior to the amendment of Sec. 42 by the Second Act, Gyarsia had a fundamental right to dispose of his rights in the property and the petitioner had an equally valuable fundamental right to acquire and thereafter, to hold that property as his own. It was this view which was followed in the said case. It is, therefore, plain that prior to the amendment of Sec. 42 by the Second Act, Gyarsia had a fundamental right to dispose of his rights in the property and the petitioner had an equally valuable fundamental right to acquire and thereafter, to hold that property as his own. Once the property tight in the property was vested in the petitioner, he could not be deprived of his property, save by the authority of law." Para 12 :– "In Kavalappra Kottrathil Kochuni s. The State of Madras and Kerala" AIR 1960 SC 1080 , their Lordships of the Supreme Court referred with approval the following passage from Willoughbys Constitutional law. "As between individuals, not necessity, however great, no exigency, however imminent, no improvement however valuable, no refusal, however un-neighibourly, no obstinacy, however unreasonable, no offers of compensation, however extravagant, can compel or require any man to part with an inch of his estate." Their lordships further quoted with approval the following observations of the Supreme Court of the United States of America in Henry Webster vs. Peter Cooper, (1969) 14 Law Ed. 510 at p. 517:– "The result of the decision is, that the constitution of the State has secured to every citizen the right of acquiring, possessing, and enjoying property and that, by a true intent and meaning of this section, property cannot, by a mere Act of Legislature, be taken from one man and vested in another directly; not can it, by retrospective operation of law, be indirectly transferred from one to another, or be subjected to the government of principles in a Court of justice, which must necessarily produce that effect." Para 13 :– "We have now to examine in the light of observations whether the Legislature could be merely introducing the deeming clause while inserting proviso to Sec. 42 of the principle Act, deprive the petitioner of his vested rights without providing any compensation therefor." Para 14 :– "Learned counsel for respondents Nos. 4 to 8 has tried to justify the deeming clause by referring to clause (5) of Art. 19 of the Constitution of India, which runs as follows:– "Cl. (5) of Art. 19 – Nothing in sub-cls. 4 to 8 has tried to justify the deeming clause by referring to clause (5) of Art. 19 of the Constitution of India, which runs as follows:– "Cl. (5) of Art. 19 – Nothing in sub-cls. (d), (e) and (f) of the said clause shall effect the operation of any existing law in so far as it imposes, or prevent the State from making any law imposing, reasonable restrictions on the exercise of any of the rights conferred by the said sub-clauses either in the interests of the general public or for the protection of the interests of any Scheduled Tribe." It is contended by him that then proviso was added for the protection of the interest of the members of the Scheduled Tribe and, therefore, it was saved by this clause. In our opinion, this contention is not tenable, because even, according to clause (5), reasonable restrictions on the fundamental rights embodied in Art. 19(1)(f) can be imposed only for the protection of the interests of the members of the scheduled tribe. The words interests appearing in the said Clause refers to subsisting and not to those interests which cease to exist even before the law is enacted. The term protectio is also suggestive of subsisting interests. If the interests already cease to exist, there would remain nothing which may be protected by law. In the case of interests which cease to exist, it would revival of the interests and not the protection thereof. In a case like the present one, where Gyarsia has already transferred his interests before the Second Act came into force the deeming clause, if held to be valid would not protect the vendor, but would turned to deprive the vendee, i.e. the petitioner of the right and interests which already vested in him. The deeming clause would not, therefore, be saved by clause (5) and it would be violative of Art. 19(1)(f) of the Constitution of India." Para 15 :– "In this view of the matter, there seems to be no force in the contention raised by learned counsel for the contending respondents because Gyarsia had parted with his Khatedari rights in the property long before the proviso was added to Sec. 42. the insertion of the proviso could not review his interest merely because the deeming clause rendered its operation retrospective. the insertion of the proviso could not review his interest merely because the deeming clause rendered its operation retrospective. His interest has already ceased to exit and there remained nothing to be protected by law. We, therefore, hold that the deeming clause was violative of Art. 19 in so far as resulted in divesting the petitioner in whom the vendors rights and interests had vested before the second amendment." Para 18 :– "Learned counsel for the respondents has urged that according to Cl. (b) of amended section, the sale in favour of the petitioner was void since he was not a member of Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe. It would suffice to say that while substituting Sec. 42, the Legislature took good care in not making the change to operate retrospectively. The plain reading of Sec. 3 would show that the Sec. 42 was substituted in place of the old one with effect from the date this amended Act came into force, namely, 1/05/1964. This act also does not seek to validate the deeming clause appearing in Sec. 4 of the Second Act, which was invalid from the very date it was introduced, as held above. The Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964, protects the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955, as it stood on the date the said amendment of the Constitution of India came into force." 18- ^^if.Mr f=os.kh ;ke@cksMZ vkWQ jsosU;w** ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us Li"V :i ls ;g O;oLFkk nh gS fd /kkjk 42 esa fd;k x;k lu~ 1964 dk lakks/ku Prospective gS u fd Retrospective. 19- ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us ^^lqvkyky cuke jktLFkku ljdkj** vkj-vkj-Mh- 1985 ist 98 esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB ds iwoZ fu.kZ; 1954 vkj-,y-MCY;w- ist 512 ¼if.Mr f=os.kh ;ke@cksMZ vkWQ jsosU;w½ ds fl)kUrksa dks ^Approve* djrs gq, tks O;oLFkk nh gS] og bl izdkj gS %& "Raj. Tenancy Act, Sec. 42 — Amendment of Sec. 42 in 1964, not retrospective and as such transfer of Agrl. land by scheduled caste tenant to non-scheduled caste tenant prior to amendment, valid. (Paras 2 & 3)". Tenancy Act, Sec. 42 — Amendment of Sec. 42 in 1964, not retrospective and as such transfer of Agrl. land by scheduled caste tenant to non-scheduled caste tenant prior to amendment, valid. (Paras 2 & 3)". 20- 1979 vkj-vkj-Mh- ist 207 ^^jkepUnz cuke LVsV vkWQ jktLFkku** ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us /kkjk 42 ^^vf/kfu;e** ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj ,l-lh- rFkk ,l-Vh- }kjk loZ.k tkfr ds O;fä;ksa dks csph xbZ Hkwfe ds foØ; foys[k dks Void ab initio ekuk gS ysfdu mä fu.kZ; esa u rks 1964 vkj-vkj-Mh- ist 3] 4] 1 ij fopkj fd;k x;k gS vkSj u gh cspku foØ; i= dh fnukad ckcr~ rF; iw.kZ :i ls fu.kZ; esa vk;s gSA 1993 vkj-vkj-Mh- ist 263 ^jeuyky cuke jktLo e.My* ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB us iqu% lu~ 1957 ls iwoZ ds laO;ogkj dks jf{kr djrs gq, fjV ;kfpdk Lohdkj dh rFkk 1994 vkj-vkj-Mh- ist 98 ^^ek/kks o vU;@cUuk** ds izdj.k esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd /kkjk 42 ds izfrcU/k fnukad 1 ebZ] 1964 dks izHkkokhy gq, rFkk mä izdj.k esa foØ; i= fnukad 24-2-61 dk Fkk blfy;s ,sls foØ; i= dks vikLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; ugha ekukA mijksä uthjksa ds foospu ls ;g Li"V gS fd vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds O;fä }kjk Lo.kZ tkfr ds O;fä dks fd;k x;k 1-5-1964 ls iwoZ dk cspku ,oa "Agreement to Sale" Void ab initio ugha gSA 21- lh-ih-lh- ds vknsk 14 fu;e 2 ds izko/kkuksa ds rgr Hkh ;fn dkuwuh rudh ds fu.kZ; lss okn dk fu.kZ; fd;k tk ldrk gks] rks mudk fopkj.k ¼Try½ fd;k tkuk vko;d ekuk x;k gS ysfdu izLrqr izdj.k esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; us rudh la[;k 3 ,oa 4 ds lEcU/k esa cxSj dksbZ lk{; izkIr fd;s dsoy ek= vfHkdFkuksa ds vk/kkj ij bu rudh;ksa dk fu.kZ; dj okn dks [kkfjt fd;k gS tks U;k;ksfpr ugha dgk tk ldrkA lh-ih-lh- ds vkWMZj 7 :y 11 esa tks vk/kkj cryk;s x;s gS mu vk/kkjksa ij fdlh okn dk fu.kZ; cxSj fopkj.k ¼Try½ ds fd;k tk ldrk gSA gekjh jk; esa vkWMZj 14 fu;e 2 ds rgr fdlh Hkh okn dk fu.kZ; cxSj rudhokj lk{; izkIr fd;s fopkj.k ds fd;k tkuk U;k;laxr ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA 22- lh-ih-lh- ds vkWMZj 14 fu;e 2 ds izko/kku ,oa mijksä foosfpr uthjksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks u dsoy rudh uacj 3 o 4 cfYd vU; rufd;ksa ij Hkh lk{; izkIr dj okn dk fopkj.k ¼Trial½ dj fu.kZ; ikfjr djuk pkfg;sA 23- mijksä foospu ds ifj.kkeLo:i ;g vihy fujLr dh tkrh gSA fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; dks fujLr fd;s tkus ds jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh ds fu.kZ; dks ;Fkkor~ j[kk tkdj izdj.k fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks bl funsZk ds lkFk fjek.M fd;k tkrk gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; vknsk 14 fu;e 2 ds izko/kkuksa ,oa bl fu.kZ; esa m)`r dh xbZ uthjksa rFkk fu.kZ; esa "Agreement to Sale" ds ckcr~ Li"V dh xbZ dkuwuh fLFkfr ,oa vU; uthjksa dks /;ku esa j[k dj dk;e dh xbZ leLr rudh;ksa ij lk{; izkIr dj mu ij viuk fu"d"kZ fudkyrs gq, iqu% fu.kZ; ikfjr djsaxsA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; es lquk;k x;kA