MkW ijeskpUn] v/;{k-&;g f}rh; vihy jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼la{ksi esa ^vf/kfu;e*½ dh /kkjk 224 ds vUrxZr Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] t;iqj fkfoj nkSlk ds fu.kZ; ,ao fMØh fnukad 7-4-2005 ds fo:) izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- izdj.k ds laf{kIr esa rF; bl izdkj gS fd orZeku izR;FkhZx.k la[;k 1 yxk;r 3 us miftyk dysDVj] nkSlk ds le{k orZeku vihyk.V~l ds fo:) mn~?kks"k.kk ,oa LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk dk okn bl vkk; dk isk fd;k fd LoxhZ; /kUukyky ds uke vkjkth lkfcd [kljk uacj 591@2@14 dh 5 ch?kk ,oa lkfcd [kljk uacj 591@2@12 dh 4 ch?kk dqy 9 ch?kk fdLe ^flok;-pd* Hkwfe dk vkoaVugqvk FkkA okni= esa ;g Hkh vafdr fd;k fd fnukWd 2-9-87 dks rglhy nkSlk esa lSVyesaV lekIr gqvk ftlds mijksä lkfcd [kljk uacj dks cny dj gky [kljk uacj 1842 ,oa 1844 cuk;s x;s ysfdu xyrh ls [kkrsnkj ds Lfkku ij xSj [kkrsnkj rFkk 9 ch?kk dk jdck ?kVk dj 6 ch?kk 8 fcLok ¼1-60 gSDVs;j½ vafdr dj fn;k tc fd og iwjs 9 ch?kk ij dkfct gSA okni= esa izfroknhx.k-oknh dh 2-12 ch?kk Hkwfe tks izfroknhx.k ds [kkrs esa vafdr dj nh xbZ gSA mä vadu dks fujLr djus dk fuosnu fd;k ,oa fu"ks/kkKk Hkh pkghA izfroknhx.k orZeku vihyk.V }kjk okni= dk tokc nkok isk fd;k ftlesa okn ls vafdr rF;ksa ls bUdkj dj lsVyesaV ds ipkr~ izfroknhx.k dh Hkwfe Hkh de dj fn;s tkus ds rF; izLrqr fd;s x;sA fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vfHkdFkuksa ds vk/kkj ij nl rudh;kr dk;e dh rFkk izfroknhx.k ds fo:) ,drjQk dk;Zokgh djrs gq, vius fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 30-3-2001 }kjk oknhx.k dk okn izekf.kr ugha ekurs gq, [kkfjt dj fn;k ftlds fo:) oknhx.k ¼orZeku izR;FkhZx.k½ us Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] t;iqj ¼dSEi nkSlk½ ds le{k izFke vihy izLrqr dh ftls mUgksaus vius fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 7-4-2005 }kjk Lohdkj djrs gq, oknhx.k ds okn dks Lohdkj fd;kA orZeku vihyk.V ¼izfroknhx.k½ us Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] t;iqj ¼dSEi nkSlk½ ds mä fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 7-4-2005 ds fo:) ;g f}rh; vihy izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 3- vihyk.V ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ gS fd vihyk.v dh vkjkth ds u;s ¼gky½ [kljk uEcj 1841 ,oa 1845 ftudk jdck 56 ,;j gS vihyk.V dh vkjkth lkfcd [kljk uacj 704 ls cus gSa ftudk orZeku izR;FkhZx.k dh Hkwfe ls dksbZ lEcU/k ugha gS vkSj lsVyesaV ds ipkr~ rks mudk Lo;a dk 5 ,;j jdck de ntZ gqvk gSA fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; us lHkh rudh;kr ij vyx vyx fu"d"kZ fudkyrs gq, oknh dk okn [kkfjt fd;k ftlds fo:) oknh }kjk izLrqr vihy dks vihyh; U;k;ky; us ljljhrkSj ij fopkj dj okn Lohdkj fd;k gS ftlesa lh-ih-lh- ds vkWMZj 41 :y 31 ds izko/kkuksa dh vuns[kh dh xbZ gSA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gs fd vihyh; U;k;ky; us gky [kljk uacj 591@2@14 o 591@2@12 dk Hkkx ekuus dk vadj vius fu.kZ; esa fd;k gS og jktLo jsdkMZ ds fo:) tkdj fd;k x;k vadu gSA vihykaV us vius rdksZ ds leFkZu esa vihy ds lkFk izLrqr fd;s x;s lh-ih-lh- ds vkWMZj 41 :y 27 ds izkFkZuk i= ds lkFk layXu nLrkost ds vk/kkj ij okn dks [kkfjt djus dk vkxzg fd;kA 4- izR;FkhZx.k ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ gS fd vihyh; U;k;ky; us fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; fcUnqvksa ij fopkj djrs gq, fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k gS blfy;s vyx vyx rudh;kr ij vyx vyx fu"d"kZ ugha fudkyus ls lh-ih-lh- ds vknsk 41 fu;e 31 dh vogsyuk drbZ ugha gqbZ gSA izR;FkhZx.k ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd us fooknxzLr Hkwfe rFkk fp=ksa dh vksj gekjk /;ku fnykrs gq, rdZ izLrqr fd;k gS fd lkfcd [kljk uacj 591 ,oa lkfcd [kljk uacj 704 utnhd u gksdj nwjh ij fLFkr gS blfy;s gky [kljk uacj 1841 dh 36 ,;j ,oa gky [kljk uacj 1845 dh 20 ,;j Hkwfe muds lkfcd [kljk uacj 591 ls cuh gS tks xyr :i ls izfroknhx.k ds [krs lsVyesaV ds ckn ntZ gks xbZ gS ftls nq:Lr djus dk jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh dk fu.kZ; fof/k lEer gSA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd vihy ds lkFk vihykaV us tks nLrkost f}rh; vihy esa izLrqr fd;s gS mUgsa lk{; ds :i esa ugha i<+k tk ldrk gSA lsVyesaV foHkkx dks mudk {ks=Qy de djus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha FkkA 5- geusa nksuksa i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kdksa ds rdZ lqusA mu ij euu fd;k rFkk i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;kA fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ls Li"V gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; us okn i= ,oa tokcnkosa ds vk/kkj ij nl rudh;kr dk;e dh vkSj izR;sd rudh ij oknh }kjk izLrqr nLrkostksa dk foospu djrs gq, ¼D;ksafd izfroknhx.k ds fo:) ,drjQk dk;Zokgh vey esa tkus ds ipkr~ izfroknh }kjk dksbZ lk{; izLrqr ugha fd;s½ okn dks izekf.kr ugha ekurs gq, okn dks [kkfjt fd;k gS tc dh vihyh; U;k;ky; us fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dks myVrs gq, tks fu.kZ; fn;k gS mlesa lk{;ksa dh leqfpr foospuk u dj dsoy okn dk ,d eqr fu"d"kZ fudkyrs gq, vihy Lohdkj dj okn dks Lohdkj fd;k gSA ;g lgh gS fd vihyh; U;k;ky; us viuk fu.kZ; ikfjr djrs le; izR;sd rudh ij vyx vyx ls fu"d"kZ fudkyus ds LFkku ij lh-ih-lh- ds vknsk 41 fu;e 31 ds izko/kkuksa ds eqrkfcd Point of determination cukdj Hkh fu.kZ; ns ldrh gS ftlesa leLr rudh;kr ds fu"d"kksZ dks lfEefyr djrs gq, Point of determination fu/kkZfjr djrs gq, mu ij fu.kZ; djus dh vko;drk gksrh gSA foks"k :i ls vihyh; U;k;ky; us fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ls vlger gksdj vihy Lohdkj djus dk fu.kZ; djrh gS rks gekjh jk; esa vihyh; U;k;ky; dk drZO; curk gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr okni= ds vfHkdFkuksa rFkk izfroknh }kjk tokcnkos esa fd;s x;s vfHkdFkuksa ,oa mu vfHkdFkuksa ds vk/kkj ij dk;e dh xbZ rudh;kr ,oa mu rudh;kr ij ikdkjksa ds ekSf[kd ,oa nLrkosth lk{;ksa ds vk/kkj ij fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fudkys x;s fu"d"kZ ls vlger gksus ds lEcU/k esa vius fu.kZ; esa Li"V :i ls vk/kkj vafdr djs vkSj mu fcUnqvksa ij vius Lo;a ds fu"d"kksZ ds mfpr gksus ds lEcU/k esa i=koyh ij miyC/k vfHkdFkuksa ,oa lk{;ksa dh lw{kerk ls foys"k.k ,oa foospuk djsA lh-ih-lh- ds vkWMZj 41 :y 31 ds izko/kku bl izdkj gS%& O. 41 Rule 31 : "Contents, date and signature of judgment- The judgment of the Appellate Court shall be in writing and shall state- (a) the points for determination; (b) the decision thereon; (c) the reasons for the decision; and (d) where the decree appealed from is reversed or varied, the relief to which the appellant is entitled; and shall at the time it is pronounced be signed and dated by the Judge or by the Judges concurring therein." 6- vihyh; U;k;ky; us vihy dks Lohdkj djus ds tks vk/kkj vius fu.kZ; esa crk;s gS muesa muds }kjk [kljk feyk {ks=Qy ls T;knk uDks dh fLFkfr dks ojh;rk nsrs gq, [kljk uacj 1841 ,oa 1845 dks iwoZ [kljk uacj 591@214 ,oa 591@2@12 dk Hkkx gksuk eku fy;k gSA bl U;k;ky; ds le{k Hkh jsLiksaMsaV ds vfHkHkk"kd us mUgha uDkksa ds vk/kkj ij rdZ izLrqr fd;s gS tc fd vihyk.V ds vfHkHkk"kd us feyku {ks=Qy dh vksj gekjk /;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gq, gky [kljk uacj 1841 ,oa 1845 iwoZ [kljk uacj 704 ls cus gksus dk dFku fd;k gSA bl izdkj lh-ih-lh- ds vknsk 41 fu;e 31 ds izko/kku tks mijksä iSjk esa vafdr fd;s x;s gS] ds vuqlkj izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dks fcUnqokj rF;ksa ,oa lk{;ksa dh foospuk dj fu.kZ; ikfjr djuk pkfg;s D;ksafd f}rh; vihy ds Lrj ij lk{;ksa dh foospuk djuk mfpr ugha gksrk gS] tSlk fd jktLo e.My }kjk ^^nsohflag cuke chjcy** vkj-ch-ts- ¼12½ 2005 ist 46 ds fofup; esa fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA 7- vkj-ch-ts- ¼7½ 2000 ist 300 ^^fgerkjke cuke rksykjke** ds fofup; esa vknsk 41 fu;e 31 lh-ih-lh- ds laca/k esa izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dks fu.kZ; ikfjr djrs le; izR;sd rudh ij vyx ls leLr lk{;ksa ij fopkj dj fu.kZ; ikfjr djus dk fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;k gqvk gSA vkj-ch-ts- ¼6½ 1999 ist 200 ^^Chankri vs. Guqlal** ds fofufp; esa Hkh ;gh fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA 8- ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ^^Smt. Patu & Ors. vs. L.Rs of Daulal** Mh-,u-ts- ¼jktLFkku½ 1997 ist 411 ds fofup; esa izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fd;s tkus okys fu.kZ; ds laca/k esa tks fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;s x;s gS] os bl izdkj gS%& "Civil Procedure Code, 1908—O. 41 R. 33—What should be the form of the judgment of the first appellate Court?—It is the last Court to give findings on facts—It should be self-contained—It should analyse the oral and documentary evidence intelligently—This second appellate Court should be satisfied that the Court below has grasped the full evidence—Held, The impugned judgment is a classic example of not following the mandate of O. 41 R. 33—The evidence has not been analysed with reference to the salient points which arise in the case—Case remanded for re-hearing. flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk] 1908&vknsk 41 fu;e 33&izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk fn;s tkus okys fu.kZ; dk D;k Lo:i gksuk pkfg;s\&rF laca/kh fu"d"kZ nsus okyk ;g vfUre U;k;ky; gksrk gS&vr,o fu.kZ; vius vki esa lHkh izdkj ls iw.kZ gksuk pkfg,&ekSf[kd vkSj nLrkosth lk{; dk cqf)erk iwoZd foospu gksuk pkfg;s&¼,sls fu.kZ; ij vk{ksi lqurs le;½ f}rh; vihyh; U;k;ky; dks larqf"V gks tkuh pkfg;s fd fupys U;k;ky; us lEiw.kZ lk{; ij iwjh rjg ls foospu fd;k gS&izLrqr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ,d Royar mnkgj.k Lo:i gS ftlesa vknsk 41 fu;e 33 ds vkKkid izko/kkuksa dh vogsyuk dh xbZ gS&ekeys esa tks fcUnq fu.kZ; gsrq mBrs gS muds laca/k esa lk{;ksa dk foys"k.k gh ugha fd;k gS&ekeyk iqu% lquokbZ okLrs ykSVk;k x;kA** 9- ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us ^^eSllZ ghjkyky] iq[kjkt o vU; cuke izsefdku** ¼vkj-,y-vkj- 2004¼3½ ist 81½ ds fofup; esa lh-ih-lh- ds vknsk 41 fu;e 31 ds izko/kkuksa rFkk izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fd;s tkus okys fu.kZ; ds Lo:i ds laca/k esa foLr`r :i ls fopkj fd;k gS ftlesa izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk fu.kZ; ikfjr djrs le; egRoiw.kZ lk{;ksa dh foospuk ds laca/k esa (1) State of Rajasthan vs. Harphool Singh (dead) through his Lrs. (2005) 5 Supreme court Cases 652, (2) Shiv Shakti Coop. Housing Society, Nagpur vs. Swaraj Developers and others, (2003) 6 Supreme Court Cases 659, (3) Santosh Hazari vs. Purushottan Tiwari (deceased) by LRs; (2001) 3 Supreme Court Cases 179, (4) Rattan Dev vs. Pasam Devi (2002) 7 Supreme Court Cases 441, (5) Smt. Patu & Ors. vs. L.Rs. (2005) 5 Supreme court Cases 652, (2) Shiv Shakti Coop. Housing Society, Nagpur vs. Swaraj Developers and others, (2003) 6 Supreme Court Cases 659, (3) Santosh Hazari vs. Purushottan Tiwari (deceased) by LRs; (2001) 3 Supreme Court Cases 179, (4) Rattan Dev vs. Pasam Devi (2002) 7 Supreme Court Cases 441, (5) Smt. Patu & Ors. vs. L.Rs. of Dau Lal, 1997 DNJ (Raj.) 411, (6) Keraka Transport Company vs. Shahmanilal Mulchand and others, 1991 Supp (2) Supreme Court Cases 461 and (7) Dhaurabdhar Prasad Singh vs. Jai Prakash University and others (2001) 6 Supreme Court Cases 534, (8) Girijanandini Devi and others vs. Brijendra Naryan Chaudhary, AIR 1967 Supreme Court 1124 and Santosh Hazari vs. Purushottam Tiwari (deceased) by L.Rs. (2001) 3 Supreme Court Cases 179 ds fofup;ksa dh foospuk ds lkFk ^^fxjtkuanuh nsoh o vU;@ ohtsUnzukjk;.k pkS/kjh** ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1967 ,llh ist 1124 rFkk ^^larks"k] gtkjh@iq:"kksÙkr frokjh** 2001¼3½ ,llh ist 179 ds fofufp;ksa dk foospu djrs gq, ik;k fd ;fn izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk ijh{k.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ls myV fu.kZ; ijh{k.k U;k;ky; }kjk fudkys x;s fu"d"kksZa dh foospuk fd;s cxSj ikfjr fd;k x;k gS] rks ,slk fu.kZ; fof/kor~ fu.kZ; ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ^^fxjtkuanth nsoh o vU; cuke ohtsUnzukjk;.k pkS/kjh ds fofup; esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; leorhZiw.kZ fu"d"kZ ij vk/kkfjr FksA blhfy;s ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr mä fofup; ds vuqlkj ;g ekuk x;k gS fd ,slh fLFkfr esa leLr lk{;ksa ds Restate djus dh vkodrk ugha gSA 10- vkj-ch-ts- ¼8½ 2001 ist 603 ^^larks"k] gtkjh@iq:"kksÙke frokjh** 2001¼3½ ,l-lh- ist 179 ds fofup; esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us tks fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;s gS] os bl izdkj gS %& "The appellate Court has jurisdiction to reverse of affirm the findings of the trial Court. First appeal is a valuable right of the parties and unless restricted by law, the whole case is therein open for rehearing both the questions of fact of law. The judgment of the appellate Court must, thereafter, reflect its conscious application of mind, and record findings supported by reasons, on all the issues arising along with the contentions put forth, and pressed by the parties for decisions of the appellate Court. "While reversing a finding of fact the appellate Court must come into close quarters with the reasoning assigned by the trial Court and then assign its own reasons for arriving at different findings. "While reversing a finding of fact the appellate Court must come into close quarters with the reasoning assigned by the trial Court and then assign its own reasons for arriving at different findings. This would satisfy the Court hearing a further appeal that the first appellate Court had discharged the duty expected of it." mijksä fl)kar dks ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us ^^e/kqdj o vU; cuke laxzke o vU;** vkj-ch-ts- ¼8½ 2001 ist 603 esa Hkh Approve fd;k gSA 11- izLrqr izdj.k esa nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds fu.kZ;ksa] fu"d"kksZ ,oa rF;ksa dks lh-ih-lh- ds vknsk 41 fu;e 31 ds izko/kkuksa] ,oa jktLo e.My] ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; rFkk ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; dh mijksä uthjksa esa izfrikfnr fofHkUu fl)karksa dks /;ku esa j[k dj gekjs }kjk izdj.k dk ijh{k.k fd;k x;kA fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk izR;sd rudh ij viuk fu"d"kZ fudkyrs gq, viuk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k x;k gS ftlds fo:) vihy esa izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; esa u rks leLr rudh;kr ds laca/k esa lk{;ksa dk mfpr :i ls foospu fd;k x;k gS vkSj u gh izR;sd rudh ds laca/k esa dksbZ fu"d"kZ gh fudkyk gS cfYd i=koyh ij ekStwn [kljk feyku {ks=Qy ls t;knk uDkksa dks ojh;rk nsrs gq, [kljk uacj 1841 ,oa 1845 dks iwoZ [kljk uacj 591@2@14 ,oa 591@2@12 dk Hkkx gksus dk fu"d"kZ fudkyk gSA bl U;k;ky; ds le{k Hkh jsLiksaMsaV ds vfHkHkk"kd us mUgha uDkksa ds vk/kkj ij rdZ izLqr fd;s gS tc fd vihyk.V ds vfHkHkk"kd us feyku {ks=Qy dh vksj gekjk /;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gq, gky [kljk uacj 1841 ,oa 1845 iwoZ [kljk uacj 704 ls cus gksus dk dFku fd;k gSA 12- i=koyh ds voyksdu ,oa nksuksa i{kdkjksa ds rdksZ ls ;g lsVyesaV ds ckn cu;s u;s [kljksa esa i{kdkjksa ds {ks=Qy de gq, gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa vnkyr }kjk fookn ds fu.kZ; gsrq leqfpr tkWp dh vko;drk gksrh gS ftlesa nksuksa i{kdkjksa ds vykok Hkh vkl iM+kSl ds [kkrsnkjksa dh Hkwfe esa gqbZ c<r ?kVr ij fopkj fd;k tkdj gh okLrfod fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk gSA tgkW rd vihy ds lkFk izLrqr fd;s x;s nLrkost ij f}rh; vihy esa fopkj djus dk izu gS] ge izR;FkhZx.k ds vfHkHkk"kd ds bl rdZ ls lger gSa fd tc rd U;k;ky; f}rh; vihy esa vfrfjä lk{; izLrqr djus dh vko;drk eglwl dj mldks lk{; ds :i esa jsdkMZ ij ysus dh bZtktr ugha nsrk ,sls nLrkost dks fu.kZ; dk vk/kkj ugha cuk;k tk ldrk gSA 13- mijksä foospu ds vk/kkj ij ;g f}rh; vihy vkafkd :i ls Lohdkj dh tkrh gS rFkk Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] t;iqj fkfoj nkSlk }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 7-4-2005 fujLr djrs gq, izdj.k Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] t;iqj fkfoj nkSlk dks bl funsZk ds lkFk izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkrk gS fd os iqu% fu.kZ; djrs le; lh-ih-lh- ds vkWMZj 41 :y 31 ,oa uthjksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ij iqu% fopkj djsa vkSj pwafd bl izdj.k esa vihyk.V dh vksj ls fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa nLrkosth lk{; izLrqr ugha fd;s gS blfy;s ;fn nksuksa i{kdkj vfrfjä lk{; izLrqr djus dk vkosnu djs rks mldk fu;ekuqlkj fu.kZ; djsa rFkk lkFk gh ljdkj ds jsdkMZ ls fookfnr Hkwfe ds c<r ?kVr ds laca/k esa tkap ds funsZk nsdj okLrfod fLFkfr Kkr djsa rRipkr~ viuk fu"d"kZ fudkyrs gq, fu.kZ; ikfjr djsaA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA