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2007 DIGILAW 923 (DEL)

MOHINDER SINGH BHATIA v. STATE

2007-05-02

J.M.MALIK

body2007
JUDGMENT I.M. Malik, J.-In this appeal the appellant has called into question the order dated 1st April, 2003, passed by the learned Additional District Judge, wherein the probate was granted in favour of Avtar Singh Bhatia, the respondent No.2 herein. The facts of this case are these. Deceased Labh Singh Bhatia had executed a Will on 11th May, 1967, wherein he bequeathed shop No. 49, Defence Colony, New Delhi in favour of his eldest son, Shri Mohinder Singh Bhatia, the appellant in this appeal. The Will was registered on 16th May, 1967. Thereafter, the deceased Labh Singh Bhatia had executed another Will dated 24th February, 1986, which was also duly registered on the same very day, wherein the earlier Will dated 11th May, 1967, was revoked and superseded. According to the second Will, the a deceased Labh Singh Bhatia bequeathed property No.1, National Park, New Delhi in favour of Avtar Singh Bhatia, the respondent No.2 herein. All the legal heirs except Mohinder Singh Bhatia gave no objection to the above said second Will. Mohinder Singh Bhatia objected that since the respondent, Avtar Singh Bhatia, was not named as executor of the Will, therefore, the petition for grant of probate was not maintainable. He also denied having any knowledge of the earlier Will dated 11th May, 1967, bequeathing shop No. 49, Defence Colony in his favour. On the contrary, he stated that the said shop was purchased by his wife Smt. Swam Kaur vide registered sale deed dated 14th May, 1973. He also stated that the Will dated 24th February, 1986, was not executed by his father, Labh Singh, who expired on 25th August, 1993. 2. I have heard Counsel for the parties. The entire case swirls around the testimony of PW 1, Ratan Singh Bhatia, who is one of the attesting witnesses of the Will dated 24th February, 1986, which was proved on record as Exhibit PI. This is an indisputable fact that Ratan Singh Bhatia expired before his testimony could be concluded. The record reveals that the examination-in-chief of Ratan Singh Bhatia was recorded on 20th March, 1995. On that day, proxy Counsel got the case adjourned for cross-examination. Ratan Singh Bhatia was partly cross-examined on 27th November, 1997. Thereafter, he expired on 4th May, 1999. 3. Learned Counsel for the appellant vehemently argued that the evidence of Ratan Singh Bhatia cannot be read in evidence. On that day, proxy Counsel got the case adjourned for cross-examination. Ratan Singh Bhatia was partly cross-examined on 27th November, 1997. Thereafter, he expired on 4th May, 1999. 3. Learned Counsel for the appellant vehemently argued that the evidence of Ratan Singh Bhatia cannot be read in evidence. In order to buttress his case, he has cited two authorities reported in Janki Narain v. Narain Namdev, VII (2007) SLT 361=2003 I AD (SC) 74 = 2003 (2) SCC 91 , and Ripen Kumar v. Department of Customs, 88 (2000) DLT 541 (DB)=2000 VII AD (Delhi) 862. In the first authority, it is discussed that one of the attesting witnesses must be examined in view of the provisions contained in Section 63(C) of the Indian Succession Act and Section 68 of the Indian Evidence Act. It also discusses Section 71 of Indian Evidence Act which provides an exception to the rule enunciated in Section 68 of the Indian Evidence Act. The second authority pertains to a criminal case. In that case it was held that under the Evidence Act the word "evidence" includes examination-in-chief and cross-examination both. Part statement does not attain the status of evidence. In view of this situation of law, the statement of Ratan Singh Bhatia cannot be read in evidence. 4. During the course of argument, Counsel for the respondents urged that the respondents should be given another opportunity to produce more evidence in view of the fact that the statement of Ratan Singh Bhatia cannot be read in evidence. He explained that there is a statement of Smt. Shakun Chaitanya, who claimed that she was also present before the Sub-Registrar when the Will in question was registered. In addition, the record reveals that the Sub-Registrar, who had signed the Will, can be an important witness in this regard. Thirdly, Shri Jitender Kumar Jain, the learned Counsel for the respondents, who is still pursuing the case of the respondents is also an important witness in this case, being the scribe of the Will and lastly, there are many other modes incorporated in the Indian Evidence Act to prove the signatures of the testator. 5. I am of the considered view and as prayed by Counsel for the respondents, one more opportunity must be granted to the respondents to prove the Will in question. 5. I am of the considered view and as prayed by Counsel for the respondents, one more opportunity must be granted to the respondents to prove the Will in question. The Courts while exercising Testamentary and intestate jurisdiction are to act in consonance with the ultimate objective of succession. The statutory provisions and the rules are to be interpreted in a manner which would give effect to and further the intention of the deceased rather than to act in a manner which would have a converse effect on what was contemplated by the deceased. The Will should not be rejected on the ground of technicalities. The effort of the Court should be that the genuine last Will of the deceased must prevail. Section 87 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925 clearly, specifically and unequivocally provides that the intention of the testator shall not be set aside because it cannot take effect to the full extent, but effect is to be given to it as far as possible. It is well settled that efforts should be made to give the provisions of the Will an effective and consistent meaning. In construing the language of the Will, Court is entitled to put itself into the testators armchair and is bound to bear in mind all circumstances which the testator would have taken into consideration while making the disposition. The effort of the Court must be to give effect to the expression made by the testator and not to make it inoperative. 6. In view of the discussion above, I set aside the impugned order dated 1st April, 2003, and remand the case to the Trial Court to give one or at the most two opportunities to the respondents to adduce evidence in respect of proof to the Will dated 24th February, 1986. 7. With this, FAO No. 359/2003 and CMNo. 767/2003 stand disposed of. Interim order, if any, stands vacated. Trial Court record be sent back forthwith along with a copy of this order. The parties are directed to appear before the Trial Court on 21st May, 2007. Copies of this order be given dasti to Counsel for the parties. FAG & CM disposed of.