Jheky] lnL;-&;g f}rh; vihy vUrxZr /kkjk 224 jktLFkku dkrdkjh] vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼ftls rRipkr la{ksi esa ^vf/kfu;e 1955* dgk tkosxk½ fo:) fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] guqekux<+ fnukad 24-10-98 ds izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- izdj.k ds rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS fdoknh fooukFk izfroknh pquhjke o vU; 10 ds fo:) ^vf/kfu;e 1955* dh /kkjk 88 o 53 ds rgr nkok bLrdjkjgd o rDlhe dk lgk;d] ftyk/khk] uksgj ds U;k;ky; esa viuh oakkoyh izLrqr djrs gq, dFku fd;k fd oknh o izfroknhx.k la- 1 ls 10 ds firk LoxhZ; ekbZyky dh jksgh xzke pd ua- 14 tksxhokyk rglhy Hkknjk esa 45 ch?kk ugjh Hkwfe gSA ekbZyky dh e`R;q fnukad 27-7-82 dks gks pqdh gSA oknh ds firk ekbZyky us bl Hkwfe esa ls 10 ch?kk Hkwfe dk olh;rukek fnukad 27-6-82 dks oknh ds uke fy[k fn;k FkkA vr% fojklr ds fy, dsoy 35 ch?kk Hkwfe ks"k jgh FkhA ekbZyky us edku Hkh oknh dks olh;r dj fn;k FkkA bl izdkj ekbZyky dh e`R;q ds ckn fookfnr Hkwfe 45 ch?kk esa ls 10 ch?kk ,oa ks"k 35 ch?kk Hkwfe esa ls 1@11 fgLls dk oknh [kkrsnkj dkrdkj gks pqdk gSA izfroknhx.k ua- 1 ls 6 us jktLo deZpkfj;ksa ls lkaBxkaB djds oknh ds i{k esa dh xbZ olh;r ,oa izfroknhx.k la- 8 ls 10 dks lfEefyr ugha djrs gqb ekbZyky dh dqy Hkwfe esa oknh lfgr 8 mRrjkf/kdkfj;ksa ds uke ls bUrdky la- 87 Lohd`r djok fy;kA vr% mDr bUrdky voS/k gSA izfroknhx.k vc mDr Hkwfe dk cspku djuk pkgrs gSA oknh us izfroknhx.k dks mDr bUrdky lgh djokus dks dgk rks igys rks vktdy&vktdy djrs jgs ckn esa bUdkj dj fn;kA vr% nkok izLrqr dj oknh us vuqrks"k pkgk fd fookfnr 45 ch?kk d`f"k Hkwfe esa ls 10 ch?kk Hkwfe oknh dks olh;r esa feyh gS rFkk ks"k 35 ch?kk esa oknh dk 1@11 Hkkx gSA bUrdky ua- 87 dks kwU; izHkkoh djkj fn;k tkus dk vuqrks"k pkgrs gq, oknh us izfroknhx.k dks mDr Hkwfe dk dksbZ Hkh gLrkUrj.k ugha djus gsrq ikcUn fd, tkus vkSj ;fn nkSjkus nkok dksbZ gLrkUrj.k fd;k x;k gks rks mls kwU; izHkkoh ?kksf"kr djkj fn;s tkus dk dFku fd;kA oknh ds mlds fgLls dh Hkwfe dk [kkrk o yxku vyx djrs mls mldh d`f"k Hkwfe ij dCtk fn;s tkus dk vuqrks"k Hkh pkgkA okn esa ekbZyky dh Hkwfe esa ls izfroknh ua 8 ls 10 ds fgLls dk fu/kkZj.k fd;s tkus dk dFku fd;kA izfroknh ua- 3 jkesoj ds dk;e eqdke us bdckyh tokc nkok isk fd;kA izfroknhx.k ua 8 ls 10 us Hkh bdckyh tokc nkok isk fd;kA izfroknh ua- 1] 2] 5 o 6 us tokc nkok isk fd;k] ftlesa ltjk [kkunku Qjhdsu dks Lohdkj fd;k rFkk dFku fd;k fd fooknxzLr vkjkth ekbZyky dh LovftZr Hkwfe ugha gSA ekbZyky dh jksgh fcgkjhiqjk esa djhc 92 ch?kk [kke tks 6 fdyk curh gS] blh vkjkth ds ikl ckdh vkjkth izfroknhx.k us uksrkSM fudkyh Fkh ;g dqy vkjkth ckxkr {ks= esa vk tkus ls blds rcknys esa vkjkth oknxzLr 45 ch?kk feyh Fkh ml le; la;qDr ifjokj Fkk rFkk ekbZyky drkZ [kkunku Fkk blfy, vkjkth ekbZyky ds uke ntZ gks xbZ FkhA ekbZyky us vius thoudky esa dHkh dksbZ olh;r ugha dh vkSj u gh ,slh dksbZ olh;r gqbZ gSA oknh }kjk rFkkdfFkr olh;r "kM;U=iwoZd QthZ rkSj ls rS;kj dh gS ekbZyky i<+k fy[kk O;fDr Fkk tks nLr[kr fd;k djrk FkkA ekbZyky dks oSls Hkh olh;r djus dk dksbZ gd ugha Fkk D;ksafd fookfnr Hkwfe la;qDr ifjokj dh FkhA bUrdky dks rjehe gksuk Lohdkj fd;k rFkk dFku fd;k fd ojoDr rjehe bUrdky reke Qjhdsu ekStwn Fks] mudh jtkeUnh ls gh bUrdky rjehe gqvk Fkk] vr% ;g oS/k gSA izfroknhx.k us vius fgLls ls vf/kd dksbZ Hkwfe ntZ ugha djokbZ gS oSls Hkh lu~ 1965 esa ekbZyky us QSfeyh lSVyesUV dj vkjkth fookfnr dk caVokjk dj izR;sd dks 6&6 fdyk Hkwfe ns nh Fkh o Lo;a ds fy;s 3 fdyk Hkwfe j[kh Fkh oknh us viuh 6 fdyk Hkwfe dks izrki flag iq= Hkwjkjke tkV lkfdu tksxhokyk dks 90]000@& :i;s esa fnukad 20-4-1985 dks :i;s bdjkjukek jgu j[kh gqbZ gS o ckdh QjhdSu vius vius fgLls esa vkbZ 6&6 fdyk dkr djrs gSA oknh fdlh Hkh rjg izfroknhx.k dks viuh Hkwfe jgus djus nsus ij nsus ;k cspus ls ikcUn djokus dk vf/kdkjh ugha gSA oknh viuk okn olh;r ds vk/kkj ij yk;k gS ijUrq olh;r ds vf/kdkj dk fu.kZ; djus dk vf/kdkj {ks= nhokuh U;k;ky; dks gSA vr% oknh dk okn [kkfjt fd;k tk,A i{kdkjksa ds vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vuqrks"k lfgr dqy 10 rufd;ksa dh fojpuk dhA oknh us vius okn ds leFkZu esa nLrkosth lk{; ds vfrfjDr ih-MCY;w 1 fooukFk ih-MCY;w-2 cyoUrflag] ih-MCY;w 3 jkedj.k ds c;ku djk;sA izfroknhx.k us dksbZ nLrkosth lk{; izLrqr ugha dh rFkk izfroknh esa Mh-MCY;w 1 pquhjke ds c;ku djk;sA i{kdkjksa dks lquus ds ipkr fopkj.k U;k;ky; us oknh ds i{k esa ekbZyky }kjk fu"ikfnr rFkkdfFkr olh;rukesa dks oS/k ugha ekuk rFkk oknh dk okn vkafkd :i ls muds fu.kZ; fnukad 22-12-86 }kjk fMØh dj fn;kA mDr fu.kZ; o fMØh ls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ@oknh fooukFk us vihy la[;k 2006@04 jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] guqekux<+ ds le{k izLrqr dh] ftls mUgksaus muds fu.kZ; fnukad 24-10-98 }kjk vihy Lohdkj dh o vihykFkhZ@oknh dks pd&14 tksxhokyk dh 10 ch?kk Hkwfe ij [kkrsnkj ?kksf"kr fd;k o ks"k ekbZyky dh cph gqbZ 35 ch?kk Hkwfe esa vihykFkhZ rFkk mlds ¼ekbZyky ds½ iq= pquhjke] xqxujke] jkesoj] lqjtkjke] vtqZujke] lqYrku flag o mldh ¼ekbZyky dh½ iqf=;k Jherh :dek] Jherh fpfM+;k] Jherh ekMhnsoh dks 1@10] 1@10 Hkkx dk [kkrsnkj ?kksf"kr fd;kA mDr fu.kZ; o fMØh ls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZx.k@izfroknhx.k us izuxr f}rh; vihy jktLo e.My jktLFkku] vtesj esa izLrqr dhA 3- i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k dks lquk x;kA 4- vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dh nyhy gS fd v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; iw.kZr% fof/k fo:)] nks"k;qDr ,oa i=koyh ij miyC/k rF;ksa ds foijhr gSA v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; esa vihy dk fuLrkj.k djrs le; vknsk 41 fu;e 31 lhihlh ds izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk ugha dh rFkk vihy esa vUroZfyr lHkh egRoiw.kZ izuksa dk fofufp; ugha fd;kA bPNk i= iznkZ 2 cyoUrflag }kjk MªkV fd;k x;k ijUrq cyoUrflag dh xokgh ls Li"V gS fd ekbZyky us bPNk i= ij cyoUrflag ds lkeus vuwaBk fukkuh ugha dh ,oa olh;r ds xokg jkedj.k o ukjk;.k ds gLrk{kj mlds lkeus gq,A bPNk i= ij cyoUrflag vFkkZr olh;r ys[kd ds gLrk{kj ugha gSA bPNk i= u rks fof/kor gS ,oa u olh;rdrkZ dh bPNk ls fu"ikfnr fd;k x;k] D;ksafd bPNk i= fy[kus ds ipkr fu"iknu drkZ dks i<+dj lquk;k x;k vFkok mlus lqu o le>dj lgh ekudj vuawBk fukkuh dhA ukjk;.k xokg ds c;ku ugha gq, o jkedj.k us viuh xokgh esa ;g ugha dgk fd bPNk i= fy[kus ds ipkr ekbZyky us mlds lkeus gLrk{kj fd;sA bPNk i= u rks iathd`r gS vFkok uksVsjh ls rLnhd gSA fookfnr vkjkth la;qDr ifjokj dh lEifRr Fkh ftlds fdlh fgLls dh olh;r dus dk ekbZyky dks vf/kdkj ugha FkkA olh;r esa bl ckr dk dksbZ mYys[k ugha gS fd izR;FkhZ dks 10 ch?kk tehu vyx ls D;ksa nh tk jgh gS bl dkj.k Hkh olh;r lafnX/k gS vkSj vius bl dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus 1994¼1½ vkj,yvkj 202 ij Hkjkslk fd;kA 5- izR;FkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dk dFku gS fd v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fof/k vuqlkj gSA izR;FkhZ us olh;r dks fof/kor~ :i ls fl) fd;k gSA olh;r ds xokg ukjk;.k dh e`R;q gks xbZ Fkh] bl dkj.k mls isk ugha fd;k tk ldkA olh;r dks nwljs xokg jkedj.k us fl) fd;k gSA olh;r ds lEcU/k esa dksbZ vfHkO;fä djus ds iwoZ mldks lEiw.kZ i<+uk pkfg,] ftlls olh;rdrkZ dh bPNk dks tkuk tk lds fd og D;k pkgrk FkkA vius mijksä dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus 1995¼2½ Mh-,u-ts- ¼,l-lh-½ 402 U;kf;d n`"VkUr ij Hkjkslk fd;kA 1998 vkj-ch-ts- 438 isk dj dgk fd olh;r lkns dkxt ij gks ldrh gSA vr% vihykFkhZ dh vihy fujLr dh dh tkosA 6- izR;qÙkj esa vihykFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koäk us dgk fd ;fn olh;r lafnX/k gS rks izLrqrdrkZ ij ;g Hkkj gs fd og lafnX/krk dks nwj djsaA vius bl dFku ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus ,-vkbZ-vkj 1965 ,l-lh- 354] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1990 ,l-lh- 396 U;kf;d n`"VkUr dk lgkjk fy;kA 7- geus i{kdkj ds fo}ku vf/koäkvksa ds rdksZ ij euu fd;k o muds }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa dk voyksdu fd;kA 8- vihykFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koäk dh eq[; nyhy gS fd izR;FkhZ fooukFk us olh;r dks fof/kor~ :i ls fl) ugha fd;k gS vkSj v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us izR;FkhZ fooukFk ds i{k esa ekbZyky }kjk fy[kh olh;r dks lgh ekudj =qfV dh gSA rudh ua- 7 bl izdkj gS %& ^^vk;k olh;r fnukad 27-06-1982 ekbZyky us ugha djokbZ Fkh vkSj olh;r lkftkkuk gSA** olh;r iznkZ ih@2, gSA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us Savitri & Ors. vs. Karthyayani Amma & Ors. IV (2007) C.L.T. 127 (S.C.) esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd %& "14. The legal requirements in terms of the said provisions are now well settled. A Will like any other document is to be proved in terms of the provisions of the Indian Succession Act and the Indian Evidence Act. The onus of proving the Will is on the propounder. The testamentary capacity of the propounder must also be established. Execution of the Will by the testator has to be proved. At least one attesting witness is required to be examined for the purpose of proving the execution of the Will. It is required to be shown that the Will has been signed by the testator with his free will and that at the relevant time he was in sound disposing state of mind and understood the nature and effect of the disposition. It is also required to be established that he has signed the Will in the presence of two witnesses who attested his signature in his presence or in the presence of each other. Only when there exist suspicion circumstances, the onus would be on the propounder to explain them to the satisfaction of the Court before it can be accepted as genuine." ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us fujatu meskpUnz tkskh cuke e`nqyk T;ksfr jk; ,.M vnlZ ¼2007½ lh,yVh 159 ¼,l-lh-½ esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd % "Section 63 of the Indian Evidence Act lays down the mode and manner in which the execution of an unprivileged Will is to be proved. Section 68 postulates the mode and manner in which proof of execution of document is required by law to be attested. It in unequivocal terms states that execution of Will must be proved at least by one attesting witness, if an attesting witness is alive subject to the process of the Court and capable of giving evidence. A Will is to prove what is loosely called as primary evidence, except where proof is permitted by leading secondary evidence. Unlike other documents, proof of execution of any other document under the Act would not be sufficient as in terms of Section 68 of the Indian Evidence Act, execution must be proved at least by one of the attesting witnesses. Unlike other documents, proof of execution of any other document under the Act would not be sufficient as in terms of Section 68 of the Indian Evidence Act, execution must be proved at least by one of the attesting witnesses. While making attestation, there must be an amicus attestandi, on the part of the attesting witness, meaning thereby, he must intend to attest and extrinsic evidence on this point is receivable. The burden of proof that the Will has been validly executed and is a genuine document is on the propounder. The propounder is also required to prove that the testator has signed the Will and that he had put his signature out of his own free Will having a sound disposition of mind and understood the nature and effect thereof. If sufficient evidence in this behalf is brought on record, the onus of the propounder may be held to have been discharged. But, the onus would be on the applicant to remove the suspicion by leading sufficient and cogent evidence if there exists any. In the case of proof of Will, a signature of a testator alone would not prove the execution thereof, if his mind any appear to be very feeble and debilitated. However, if a defence of fraud, coercion or undue influence is raised the burden would be on the caveator . In the case of proof of Will, a signature of a testator alone would not prove the execution thereof, if his mind any appear to be very feeble and debilitated. However, if a defence of fraud, coercion or undue influence is raised the burden would be on the caveator . izR;FkhZ us olh;r dks fl) djus ds fy, olh;r ds xokg jkedj.k ds c;ku ih-MCY;w- 3 ds :i esa djok,A ih-MCY;w-3 jkedj.k us vius eq[; ijh{k.k esa Li"V :i ls dgk gS ^^ekbZyky us esjs lkeus fooukFk 10 ch?kk tehu o jgus dk edku nsus dh fy[kkoV fy[kkbZ FkhA ml fy[kkoV ij ekbZyky us vaxwBk fukkuh fd;k Fkk rFkk eSaus xokg ds :i esa gLrk{kj fd, Fks rFkk ukjk;.k feJk us Hkh gLrk{kj fd, FksA bZ,Dl- ih@2 ij , ls ch esjs gLrk{kj gSA olh;r dk ys[ku fdlh ys[k dks funsZk nsdj fy[kk;k tk ldrk gSA bl dkj.k olh;r dh xokg dks] olh;r fl) djus ds fy,] vko;d ugha ekuk tk ldrk tc rd fd mlus olh;r vuqizekf.kr djus ds fy, lk{kh ds :i esa gLrk{kj fd, gksaA olh;r ys[k cyoUrflag dks lk{; esa izLrqr ugha djus ls izuxr izdj.k esa gekjh lqfopkfjr jk; esa dksbZ izfrdwy izHkko ugha iM+rk] D;ksafd mlus olh;r vuqizekf.kr djus ds fy, lk{kh ds :i esa gLrk{kj ugha fd, gSA 9- ge vihykFkhZ ds bl dFku ls lger ugha gS fd olh;r lkns dkxt ij gS] bl dkj.k ekU; ugha gSA LVsV vkWQ jktLFkku cuke fdkukjke 1998 vkjchts 438 esa jktLo e.My dh [k.MihB us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS % "Will - Will is valid even written on simple paper and un-registered. The will can be reduced in writing on a simple paper and may be unregistered also. The will can be reduced in writing on a simple paper and may be unregistered also. But what is required to be seen is that the document which is sought to be relied upon is a genuine document and on that basis, the plaintiffs suit was required to be decreed." 10- ge vihykFkhZx.k ds bl dFku ls lger ugha gS fd olh;r djus dk Li"V dkj.k olh;rdrkZ us ugha fy[kkA olh;rdrkZ ekbZyky us iznkZ ih@2, esa vafdr fd;k gS ^^esjs 7 yM+ds gS rFkk eSa geskk vius yM+ds fooukFk ds ikl gh jgk gw¡ rFkk esjh o esjh vkSjr dh ogh geskk lsok djrk vk jgk gSA ge nksuksa ds [kpsZ Hkh ogh ogu djrk gS] bl dkj.k eSa vkt cgksk gokk viuh ethZ ls fcuk fdlh izdkj ds ncko ds vius yM+ds fooukFk dh lsokvksa ls [kqk gksdj viuk Åij of.kZr edku o jksgh ekStk esa ls 10 ch?kk Hkwfe fooukFk ds olh;r djrk gw¡ o ckdh Hkwfe esa bldk fgLlk cnLrwj jgsxk esjh e`R;q ds ipkr~ Åij of.kZr edku dks esjs }kjk olh;r esa nh xbZ —f"k Hkwfe dk ogh rUgk ekfyd gksxk-----A** ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us Ramabai Padmakar Patil vs. Rukminibai Vishnu Vekhande (2003) 8 SCC 537 esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS %& "8. A Will is executed to alter the mode of succession and by the very nature of things it is boundto result in either reducing or depriving the share of a natural heir. If a person intends his property to pass to his natural heirs, there is no necessity at all of executing a Will. It is true that a propounder of the Will has to remove all suspicion circumstances. Suspicion means doubt, conjecture or mistrust. But the fact that natural heirs have either been excluded or a lesser share has been given to them, by itself without anything more, cannot be held to be a suspicion circumstance, especially in a case where the bequest has been made in favour of an offspring." ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us S. Sundaresa Pai vs. Sumangala T. Pai (2002) 1 SCC 632 esa dgk gS %& "7. Learned counsel for plaintiff-respondent 1, supporting the impugned judgment also laid strong emphasis on uneven distribution of the assets which, according to him, shows the suspicious circumstances in respect of the execution of the Will. Learned counsel for plaintiff-respondent 1, supporting the impugned judgment also laid strong emphasis on uneven distribution of the assets which, according to him, shows the suspicious circumstances in respect of the execution of the Will. The uneven distribution of assets amongst children, by itself, cannot be taken as a circumstance causing suspicion surrounding the execution of the Will. One son was given bulk of immovable properties; another none; another half share in one immovable property; other half being given to the plaintiff and another daughter and husband were given nothing. It is also not in dispute that some properties were given in gift to the plaintiff by her mother during her lifetime. There was nothing unnatural." vius vU; yM+dks dks ekbZyky us 10 ch?kk Hkwfe o edku ls D;ksa oafpr fd;k] bldk Li"V mYys[k olh;rdrkZ ekbZyky us viuh olh;r esa Li"V fd;k gSA bl dkj.k vihykFkhZ }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUr Jherh nsohckbZ o vU; cuke Jherh xksnkojh o vU; 1994¼1½ vkj-,y-vkj- 202 mls dksbZ enn ugha djrhA 11- v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds vuqkhyu ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd izuxr vihy esa fof/k dk lkjoku~ izu fufgr ugha gS v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds rF; lEcU/kh fu"d"kZ rdZlaxr o lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gSA fof/k dh iz;qfä lgh gqbZ gSA v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us lHkh fof/kd fcUnqvksa ij fu.kZ; fnukad 24-10-1998 esa foLr`r foospuk djrs gq, vknsk ikfjr fd;k gS ftlesa dksbZ fof/kd =qfV ugha gS] bl f}rh; vihy esa dksbZ lkjHkwr foosd fcUnq fufgr ugha gksus ds dkj.k [kkfjt fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA 12- mijksä foospuk ds QyLo:i ;g f}rh; vihy cyghu gksus ds dkj.k [kkfjt dh tkrh gS o jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] guqekux<+ dk fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 24-10-1998 ¼vihy la- 206@1994½ dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA