Jheky] lnL;-&;g f}rh; vihy vUrxZr /kkjk 224 jktLFkku dkrdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼ftls rRipkr~ la{ksi esa ^vf/kfu;e 1955* dgk tkosxk½ fo:) fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] mn;iqj fnukad 24-8-1996 ds izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- izdj.k ds rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gSa fd oknh ljnkjey us izfroknh dkyw] Jherh mnh] Jherh ,th ,oa ek/kwflag ds fo:) mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] oYyHkuxj ds U;k;ky; esa ^vf/kfu;e 1955* dh /kkjk 88] 89 o 188 ds rgr okn isk dj fuosnu fd;k fd xzke luokM rglhy ekoyh esa fLFkr vkjkth [kljk uEcj 1344] 1345] 1347 ls 1352 ,oa 1359 dqy fdrk 9 jdck 10 ch?kk 11 fcLok ftuds uohu [kljk uEcj 1564] 1567] 1568] 1571 ls 1575 dqy fdrk 8 jdck 13 ch?kk 16 fcLok fnukad 27-8-1951 dks 600@& :i;s ¼v{kjs N% lkS :i;s ek=½ esa oknh ljnkjey vSj mlds HkkbZ jkskuyky ds ikl ikap o"kZ ds fy, rkRdkfyd [kkrsnkj Jh dkyw ¼izfroknh la- 1½ us jgu fcy dCts ds lkFk j[kh] ftls fnukad 19-4-1958 dks 1000@& :i;s ¼v{kjs ,d gtkj :i;s ek=½ esa iathd`r foØ; i= ls oknh ljnkjey o mlds HkkbZ jkskuyky dks foØ; dj nh ftldk jktLo vfHkys[k esa vadu Hkh ukekUrj.k la[;k 342 fnukad 12-9-1958 ls gks x;k FkkA ;g ukekarj.k vihy la[;k 297@70 esa fnukad 12-8-1970 dks fujLr dj fn;k ysfdu dCtk oknh dk gh fujUrj cuk gqvk gS blfy, izfrdwy vkf/kiR; ls oknh [kkrsnkj gks pqdk gSA ;g crkrs gq, oknh us fuosnu fd;k fd mls fookfnr vkjkft;kr dk [kkrsnkj ?kksf"kr fd;k tkos vkSj izfroknhx.k dks vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ls ikcan fd;k tkos fd os mlds dCts dkr esa gLr{ksi ugha djsaA 3- lEeu rkehy ds ipkr~ izfroknh dkyw] Jherh mnh ,oa Jherh ,th us tokcnkok izLrqr dj crk;k fd oknh us fnukad 12-9-1958 dks ukekarj.k Lo;a ds uke xzke&iapkr ls feydj [kqyok;k] og voS/k Fkk] D;ksfd ml le; oknh Lo;a fodkl iapk;r] luokM esa mi ljaip Fkk vkSj tks ukekarj.k [kqyok;k og vius izHkko dk nq:i;ksx dj ds [kqyok;k Fkk] ftls fnukad 22-8-1970 dks vfrfjDr ftyk/khk] mn;iqj }kjk fujLr dj fn;k x;k gSA izfroknh dkyw us dHkh Hkh ;s vkjkft;kr oknh dks ugha csphA oknh us fnukad 12-9-1958 dks jgu dk ukekarj.k [kqyok;k tcfd fnukad 19-4-1958 dks gh Hkwfe 1000@& :i;s esa [kjhnuk crk jgk gS] ,slh fLFkfr esa jgu ds ukekarj.k dk dksbZ egRo ugha gSA oknh us lsVyesaV vf/kdkfj;ksa ls feydj mDr Hkwfe lsVyesaV esa vius uke djok yh tcfd lsVyesaV vf/kdkfj;ksa us [kkrsnkj dkyw dks fcuk lqus o fcuk uksfVl fn, tks vknsk fn;k gS] og izfroknh dkyw ds eqdkcys voS/k gS] D;ksafd vfrfjDr ftyk/khk] mn;iqj }kjk ukekarj.k fujLr dj fn;k x;kA bl ij dCtk izfroknh dkyw dk vius iwoZtksa ds le; ls pyk vk jgk gSA mUgksaus vius foks"k dFku esa ;g Hkh vfHkdfFkr fd;k fd oknh us ^vf/kfu;e 1955* dh /kkjk 42] 43] 44 o 45 ls cpus ds fy, tkyh nLrkost rS;kj dj Hkw izca/k vf/kdkfj;ksa ls feydj QthZ jktLo vfHkys[k rS;kj djok;k gSA mDr vkjkft;kr oknh vkSj mlds HkkbZ ds dCts esa Hkh ugha jgh gSA ;fn lu~ 1958 dk foØ; fl) dj Hkh nsaos rks Hkh og izfroknh dkyw ds eqdkcys voS/k gS A D;ksafd dkyw vuqlwfpr tkfr dk O;fDr gS ftlds [kkrs dh Hkwfe fdlh Lo.kZ O;fDr dks gLrkarfjr ugha dh tk ldrhA oknh us vius HkkbZ jkskuyky dks Hkh i{kdkj ugha cuk;k gS vkSj okn fu/kkZfjr vof/k ds ckn isk gksus ls Hkh fujLr ;ksX; gSA i{kdkjksa ds vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vuqrks"k lfgr dqy 14 rufd;ksa dh fojpuk dhA oknh us vius okn ds leFkZu esa nLrkosth lk{; ds vfrfjDr ih-MCY;w-1 ljnkjey] ih-MCY;w-2 kadjyky] ih-MCY;w-3 nyhpUn] ih-MCY;w -4 :ith] ih-MCY;w-5 dUgS;kyky] ih-MCY;w-6 dtksM+hey] ih-MCY;w-7 Hkaojyky ds c;ku djk,A izfroknhx.k us dksbZ nLrkost lk{; izLrqr ugha dh] u fdlh xokg ds c;ku djk,A i{kdkjksa dks lquus ds ipkr~ fopkj.k U;k;ky; us muds fu.kZ; fnukad 19-8-1981 }kjk oknh ljnkjey dk okn izfrdwy dCts ds vk/kkj ij fMØh dj fn;k rFkk oknh ljnkjey dks fookfnr vkjkth dk [kkrsnkj ?kksf"kr fd;k o izfroknhx.k dks LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk ls izfrcaf/kr fd;kA mDr fu.kZ; o fMØh ls O;fFkr gksdj izfroknh Jherh mnh us izFke vihy la[;k 359@94 Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] mn;iqj ds le{k izLrqr dhA vihy ds lkFk vihykFkhZ mnh us ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] 1963 dh /kkjk 5 dk izkFkZuk i= Hkh izLrqr fd;kA i{kdkjksa dks lquus ds ipkr~ Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh us muds fu.kZ; fnukad 24-8-1996 }kjk vihykFkhZ mnh dh vihy vof/k ckf/kr ekudj fujLr dj nhA mDr fu.kZ; o fMØh ls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ@izfroknh mnh us izuxr f}rh; vihy jktLo e.My jktLFkku] vtesj esa izLrqr dhA 4- i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k dks lquk x;kA 5- vihykFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dh nyhy gS fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fof/k ds izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gSaA iathd`r foØ; i= fnukad 19-4-1958 izkjEHk ls gh kwU; gS] mlls izR;FkhZx.k ds gd esa dksbZ vf/kdkj mRiUu ugha gksrsA vihykFkhZ vuqlwfpr tu tkfr dk O;fDr gS] tcfd izR;FkhZx.k Lo.kZ oxZ ds gSaA izR;FkhZx.k ds i{k esa fd;k x;k gLrkarj.k izkjEHk ls gh kwU; o ^yksd uhfr* ds fo:) gSA ,sls ekeyksa esa fe;kn dh lhek ykxw ugha gksrhA vr% vihykFkhZ dh vihy Lohdkj dh tk,A vius dFku ds leFkZu esa vkj-vkj-Mh- 1992 i`"B 17] vkj-vkj-Mh- 1991 i`"B 218] vkj-vkj-Mh 1992 i`"B 117] vkj-vkj-Mh- 1992 i`"B 21 rFkk vkj-vkj-Mh- 1993 i`"B 411 U;kf;d n`"Vkar izLrqr fd,A 6- izR;FkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dh nyhy gS fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fof/k ds izko/kkuksa ds vuq:i gSA vihykFkhZ dh vihy v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us fe;kn ds fcUnq ij [kkfjt dhA vr% xq.kkxq.k ij vknsk ikfjr djus ls iwoZ fe;kn ds fcUnq ij lqudj vihykFkhZ dh izuxr vihy fujLr dh tk,A vius mijksDr dFku ds leFkZu esa vkj-vkj-Mh- 1991 i`"B 164] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 2007 enzkl 78] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1995 xqtjkr 29] 2007 vkj-ch-ts- 438 ¼,l-lh-½] 2007 Mh-,u- ts- ¼,l-lh-½ 997] 2007 Mh-,u-ts- ¼,l-lh-½ 367] vkj-vkj-Mh- 2006 i`"B 713] vkj-vkj-Mh- 2006 i`"B 365] 2004 vkj-ch-ts- 535] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1981 ,l-lh- 1921] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1998 ,l-lh- 2276] 2006¼1½ Mh-,u-ts- ¼jkt-½ 399] ,-vkbZ-vkj 2005 ,l-lh- 3460] vkj-vkj-Mh- 1989 i`"B 500 U;kf;d n`"Vkar izLrqr fd,A 7- geusa i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k dh nyhyksa ij euu fd;kA muds }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk v/;;u fd;kA 8- iathd`r foØ; i= fnukad 19-4-1958 dk gSA ^vf/kfu;e 1955* dh /kkjk 42 esa fnukad 22-9-1956 dks tks Li"Vhdj.k tksM+k x;k] og bl izdkj gS%& "Sec. 4: To Sec. 42 of the Principal Act, the following proviso shall be added before the Explanation and shall be deemed always to have been so added, namely, Provided that no Khatedar tenant being a member of Scheduled Caste or a Schedule Tribe shall so transfer his interest in the whole or a part of holding to any person who is not a member of a scheduled caste or scheduled tirbe." ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us jkepUnz cuke vkse izdkk vkj-vkj-Mh- 1979 ist 207 esa ;g fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;k gSS fd vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa vuqlwfpr tu tkfr }kjk LOk.kZ tkfr ds i{k esa fd;k x;k foØ; izkjEHk ls gh kwU; gS vkSj og fof/k izorZuh; (enforceable) ugha gS] tks bl izdkj gS%& "Raj Tenancy Act, Sec. 42 - Nature of Proviso - Contract Act, Sec. 23 - Whether sale by member of S.C. or S.T. against provisions of Sec. 42, void or voidable - Proviso, couched in nagative from- Negative words, clearly prohibitory and used as a legislative device to make statute imperative as held in AIR 1961 S.C. 1107 - Proviso, held a mandatory character- Proviso, intended to safeguard interest of members of S.C. or S.T. - Sale by member of S.C. to non-member, held forbidden by law within meaning of Sec. 23 - Sale, held void and not enforceable in law." blh fl)kUr dks vkj-vkj-Mh- 1986 ist 51 o vkj-vkj-Mh- 1990 ist 212 esa izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA vkj-vkj-Mh- 2003 ist 389 esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us ;g dgk fd%& "(A) Raj Tenancy Act, Section 42- Proviso to Section 42 added by Amendment Act of 1956 prohibiting transfer of rights in his holding by a SC/ST khatedar tenant to non-SC/ST person- Respondent Nos. 4 to 7 members of S.C. made sale on 31.12.1956 to petitioners who are not members of S.C. - Proviso had come into force w.e.f. 22.9.1956- Held, sale was in violation of amended provisions of Section 42." ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; dh o`g) ihB us fpeuyky cuke LVsV vkWQ jktLFkku ,.M vnlZ 2000 Mh-,u-ts- ¼jkt-½ 438 esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& "In view of the above discussion, we are of the opinion that it is not the function of the Court to prescribe the limitation where the legislature in its wisdom had thought it fit not to prescribe any period. As held by the Supreme Court in Ajaib Singhs case (supra) the Courts only interest law and do not make laws. Personal views of the Judges presiding the Court cannot be stretched to authorize them to interpret law in such a manner which would amount to legislation intentionally left over by the legislature. Hence, we are of the opinion that when no period of limitation u/R. 272 of the Rules, 1961 is prescribed by the legislature then we cannot prescribe any period of limitation that in what time the revisional powers can be exercised by the authority u/R. 272 of the Rules, 1961 is prescribed by the legislature then we cannot prescribe any period of limitation that in what time the revisional powers can be exercised by the authority u/R. 272 of the 1961 Rules. When no period of limitation is provided then in our opinion the same has to be exercised within a reasonable time and that will depend upon facts and circumstances of each case like (i) when there is fraud played by the parties; (ii) the orders are obtained by mis-representation or collusion with public officers by the private parties; (iii) Orders are against the public interst; (iv) the orders are passed by the authorities who have no jurisdiction; (v) the orders are passed in clear violation of rules or the provisions of the Act by the authorities; and (vi) void orders or the orders are void ab initio being against the public policy or otherwise. The common law doctrine of public policy can be enforced wherever an action affects/Offends the public interest or where harmful result of permitting the injury to the public at large is evident. The common law doctrine of public policy can be enforced wherever an action affects/Offends the public interest or where harmful result of permitting the injury to the public at large is evident. In such type of cases, revisional powers can be exercised by the authority at any time either suo motu or as and when such orders are brought to their notice." mijksDr U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa ds ifjizs{; esa iathd`r foØ; i= fnukad 19-4-1958 ls fd;k x;k gLrkarj.k ^yksd&uhfr* ds fo:) gksus ds dkj.k izkjEHk ls gh kwU; gS vkSj ,sls ekeyksa esa ifjlhek ds izko/kku ykxw ugha gksrsA ge vihykFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa jkedqekj cuke jktLFkku ljdkj vkj-vkj-Mh- 1992 i`"B 17] txnhk ,.M vnlZ cuke QwypUn ,.M vnlZ vkj-vkj-Mh- 1991 i`"B 218] :nk cuke uRFkw ,.M vnlZ vkj-vkj-Mh- 1992 i`"B 117] Aduram & Ors. vs. State of Rajasthan vkj-vkj-Mh- 1992 i`"B 21 rFkk vkj-vkj-Mh- 1993 i`"B 411 ls lger gS rFkk izR;FkhZ }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkar HkkxhjFk cuke ghjkyky vkj-vkj-Mh- 1991 i`"B 164] M/s. Hi Sheet Industries vs. Litlon Limited and Ors. ,- vkbZ-vkj- 2007 enzkl 78] Municipal Corporation of Ahmedabad through the Municipal Commissioner vs. Voltas Limited and etc. ,- vkbZ-vkj- 1995 xqtjkr 29] 2007 vkj-ch-ts- 438 ¼,l-lh-½] egkohj flag cuke lqHkk"k ,.M vnlZ 2007 Mh-,u-ts- ¼,l-lh-½ 997] 2007 Mh-,u-ts- ¼,l-lh-½ 997] D. Gopinath Pillai vs. State of Kerala & Anr. 2007 Mh-,u-ts- ¼,l-lh-½367] Chatra Ram & Anr. vs. Paburam & anr. ,- vkbZ-vkj- 1995 xqtjkr 29] 2007 vkj-ch-ts- 438 ¼,l-lh-½] egkohj flag cuke lqHkk"k ,.M vnlZ 2007 Mh-,u-ts- ¼,l-lh-½ 997] 2007 Mh-,u-ts- ¼,l-lh-½ 997] D. Gopinath Pillai vs. State of Kerala & Anr. 2007 Mh-,u-ts- ¼,l-lh-½367] Chatra Ram & Anr. vs. Paburam & anr. vkj-vkj-Mh- 2006 i`"B 713] izrki flag ,.M vnlZ cuke LVsV vkWQ jktLFkku ,.M vnlZ vkj-vkj-Mh- 2006 i`"B 365] vknjflag cuke lqtjtkjke 2004 vkj-ch-ts- 535] ,-Mh- dksky cuke ckyd`".kk ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1981 ,l-lh- 1921] ih-ds- jkepUnzu cuke LVsV vkWQ dsjyk ,.M ,unj ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1998 ,l-lh- 2276] izrki flag ,.M vnlZ cuke LVsV ,.M vnlZ 2006¼1½ Mh-,u-ts- ¼jkt-½ 399] nkeksnju fiYybZ ,.M vnlZ cuke lkmFk bf.M;u cSad fy- ,-vkbZ-vkj- 2005 ,l-lh- 3460] lUrk flag cuke LVsV vkWQ jktLFkku vkj-vkj-Mh- 1989 i`"B 500 izuxr izdj.k ds rF;ksa ls fHkUu gksus ds dkj.k ykxw ugha gksrs] D;ksafd izuxr izdj.k esa iathd`r foØ; i= fnukad 19-4-1958 }kjk fd;k x;k gLrkarj.k izkjEHk ls gh kwU; gSA 9- ^vf/kfu;e 1955* dh /kkjk 42¼[k½ ds vuqlkj og laO;ogkj kwU; gksxk] ;fn dksbZ foØ;] nku ;k olh;r vuqlwfpr tkfr ds }kjk fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks fd;k tkrk gS] tks vuqlwfpr tkfr dk lnL; ugha gSA ,sls laO;ogkj ij dh xbZ leLr dk;Zokgh vkSj mlds ifj.kke kwU; gSA izfrdwy dCts ds vk/kkj ij Hkh vihykFkhZx.k fooknxzLr vkjkth ij [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj izkIr djus ds vf/kdkjh ugha gS ,oa lafofn ds fo:) dksbZ focU/k ugha gksrkA ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us [kqekuey cuke HkS: 1994 vkj-ch-ts- 50 esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& "When the sale of land held by a membr of Scheduled Caste cannot be transferredby way of sale, gift or bequest or even by decree of a competent court, the same cannot be allowed to be entered in the name of persons who are seeking khatedari rights on the basis of possession which even according to them they got in pursuance of sale, mutation of which has already been cancelled long back on 22.4.1971 being contrary to provisions of law. Moreso, Section 88 of the Act under which the present suit has been filed clearly envisages that by adverse possession the trespasser acquires khatedari rights provided that the acquisition of khatedari is not specifically prohibited by law, which means that if a person claiming to have acquired khatedari rights by adverse possession was put in or has obtained possession of the land in contravention of any provisions of law prohibiting or invalidating the transaction which was occasioned sch adverse possession or if any such provision of any state was thereby circumvented, will not be entitled to acquire khatedari right unless he shows that right by way of adverse possession is justified and not otherwise prohibited in law." vejsUnz izrki flag cuke rst cgknqj iztkifr ,.M vnlZ ,-vkbZ-vkj- 2004 ,l-lh- 3782 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us fuEufyf[kr fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;k gS%& "A tribal may acquire title by adverse possession over the immovable property of another tribal by reference to Para 7-D of the Regulations read with Article 65 and Section 27 of the Limitation Act, 1963, but non-tribal can neither prescribe nor acquiretitle by adverse possession over the property belonging to a tribal as the same is specifically prohibited by a special law promulgated by the State Legislature or the Governor in exercise of the power conferred in that regard by the Constitution of India." Lincai Gamango and other vs. Dayanidhi Jena and others ,-vkbZ-vkj- 2004 ,l-lh- 3457 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& Limitation Act (36 of 1963), Arts. 64, 65- Adverse possession- Operates on an alienable right- Land in scheduled area belonging to Scheduled Tribe- Transfer to non-tribal prohibited- Non-tribal cannot therefore claim to have acquired title to such land by adverse possession. 64, 65- Adverse possession- Operates on an alienable right- Land in scheduled area belonging to Scheduled Tribe- Transfer to non-tribal prohibited- Non-tribal cannot therefore claim to have acquired title to such land by adverse possession. ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ;ksa ds vk/kkj ij ,oa U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa Papaiah vs. State of Karnataka ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1997 ,l-lh- 2676] jkelgk; cuke jkeLo:i vkj-vkj-Mh- 1997 i`"B 201] [kqekuey cuke HkS: 1994¼1½ vkj-ch-ts- i`"B 50] LVsV vkWQ jktLFkku cuke ,yvklZ vkWQ tokgj flag vkj-vkj-Mh- 1998 i`"B 537] ckcwflag cuke LVsV vkWQ jktLFkku ,.M vnlZ vkj-vkj-Mh- 1998 i`"B 396] iwuepUn ,.M vnlZ cuke i`Foh ,.M vnlZ vkj-vkj-Mh- 1999 i`"B 323] ,yvklZ vkWQ HkS: ,.M vnlZ cuke HkS: ,.M vnlZ vkj-vkj-Mh- 1999 i`"B 132 rFkk ckcwyky cuke ghjk 1998 vkj-ch-ts- i`"B 77 ds ifjis{k esa izfrdwy dCts ds vk/kkj ij izR;FkhZx.k dks fookfnr vkjkth ij [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj izkIr ugha gks ldrsA bl dkj.k fopkj.k U;k;ky; us izfrdwy dCts ds vk/kkj ij izR;FkhZx.k dk okn fMØh fd;k] tks loZFkk vuqfpr gS rFkk fujLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gS ,oa v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZ dh vihy ifjlhek ds fcUnq ij fujLr dh] og Hkh vikLr fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA 10- ifj.kkeLo:i vihykFkhZ }kjk izLrqr f}rh; vihy Lohdkj dh tkrh gS ,oa Hkw izca/k vf/kdkjh ,oa insu jktLo vihy mn;iqj] }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 24-8-1996 ¼vihy la- 359@1994½ rFkk mi ftyk/khk] oYyHkuxj }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 19-8-1981 ¼okn la- 170@78½ fujLr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk oknhx.k@izR;FkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr okn [kkfjt fd;k tkrk gSA 11- fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA