Jheky] lnL;-&;g izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr vknsk 41 fu;e 21 lifBr /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- jktLo e.My }kjk vihy la[;k 77@1997 esa ,d i{kh; ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 3-10-2002 dks fujLr dj vihy dh iqu% lquokbZ fd, tkus gsrq izLrqr fd;k gSA 2- izdj.k ds rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS fd oknh nsohyky us ^vf/kfu;e 1955* dh /kkjk 88] 89] 91 o 188 ds vUrxZr ,d jktLo okn izfroknhx.k jktLFkku ljdkj o ou foHkkx ds fo:0 lgk;d dysDVj] dksVk ds U;k;ky; esa bl vkk; dk izLrqr fd;k fd xzke dlkj rglhy ykMiqjk] ftyk dksVk dh vkjkth [kljk uEcj 640@701 —f"k Hkwfe jdck 15 ch?kk ckjkuh ftyk dysDVj] dksVk }kjk oknh dks vkoafVr dh xbZ Fkh] ekSds ij oknh dsk dCtk Hkh ns fn;k x;k Fkk ijUrq lgk;d Hkw izcU/k vf/kdkjh] dksVk }kjk oknh dks lquokbZ dk ekSdk fn, fcuk mä vkoaVu kqnk Hkwfe ftlds u;s [kljk uEcj 1408] 1409] 1410] 1411] 1412] 1413] 1414 cus gS] dks ou foHkkx ds [kkrs ntZ dj fn;kA fnukad 25-9-1986 dks tc oknh Hkwfe dh gdkbZ djus igqapk rks ou foHkkx okyksa us jksdk rFkk crk;k fd Hkwfe ou foHkkx dh gSA vr% Hkwfe izfroknhx.k ds uke ls gVkdj oknh ds uke ntZ dh tkosA izfroknh la- 2 us tokc nkok izLrqr dj nkos ls bUdkj fd;kA fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk nkos esa rufd;k;r dk;e dh xbz rFkk fu.kZ; fnukad 28-6-1996 ds }kjk oknh dk nkok [kkfjt dj fn;k x;kA bl fu.kZ; ds fo:) U;k;ky; jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] dksVk esa izFke vihy izLrqr dh xbZ tks muds fu.kZ; fnukad 20-11-1996 }kjk Lohdkj dj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 28-6-1996 fujLr dj nh xbZA mä fu.kZ; ls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ@izfroknh ou foHkkx us vihy la[;k 77@1997 jktLo e.My jktLFkku] vtesj esa izLrqr dh xbZA vihy ds lkFk vihykFkhZ us ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] 1963 dh /kkjk 5 dk izkFkZuk i= Hkh izLrqr fd;k i{kdkjksa dks lquus ds ipkr~ jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] dksVk ds fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 20-11-1996 dks fujLr dj fn;k rFkk lgk;d dysDVj] dksVk }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 28-6-1996 dks cgky j[kkA mä fu.kZ; o fMØh ds ipkr~ izR;FkhZ nsohyky ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa vihykFkhZ la[;k 1 o 2 us izuxr izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr vknsk 41 fu;e 21 lifBr /kkjk 151 lh-ih-lh- jktLo e.My jktLFkku] vtesj esa fnukad 24-12-2004 dks izLrqr fd;kA 3- i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koäkx.k dks izkFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= fnukad 24-12-2004 ij lquk x;kA 4- izkFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koäk dh eq[; nyhy gS fd fu.kZ; fnukad 3-10-2002 jsLiksaMsaV la- 1 e`r O;fä ds fo:) ikfjr fd;k x;k gS] tks kwU; gSA fu.kZ; ikfjr djus ls iwoZ izkFkhZx.k dks lquk ugha x;kA izkFkhZx.k ds firk nsohyky dk LoxZokl fnukad 27-8-2002 dks gh gks x;k Fkk fdUrq fnukad 18-9-2002 dks mu ij rkehy ekudj ,drjQk dk;Zokgh fd, tkus ds vknsk ikfjr dj vizkFkhZx.k dh cgl lqudj izdj.k dk fuLrkj.k dj fn;k] tks dkuwu dh utj esa kwU; gksus ds dkj.k fujLruh; gSA fnukad 12-2-2002 dks vizkFkhZx.k dks jftLVMZ ,-Mh- uksfVl isk djus ds vknsk fn;s Fks] ftldh ikyuk esa fnukad 15-2-2002 dks jft- ,-Mh- uksfVl tkjh fd, tk,A uksfVl esa xyr irk vafdr gksus ds dkj.k o vne rkehy esa izkIr gq,A fnukad 16-4-2002 dks iqu% jftLVMZ ,-Mh- uksfVl tkjh djus ds vknsk gq,A ftldh ikyuk esa vizkFkhZx.k us dksbZ uksfVl isk ugha fd,A fnukad 26-6-2002 dks uksfVl tkjh djus ds iqu% vknsk gq,] ftldh ikyuk esa uksfVl tkjh fd, x, vkSj fnukad 18-9-2002 dks izkFkhZx.k ds firk ds fo:) ,drjQk dk;Zokgh ds vknsk ikfjr fd, x, vkSj mlh jkst cgl lqu yh xbZ vkSj fnukad 3-10-2002 dks fu.kZ; lquk fn;k x;kA izkFkhZx.k ds firk dh e`R;q fnukad 27-8-2002 dks gks xbZ FkhA vr% izkFkhZx.k] tks e`rd ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k gS] dks vfHkys[k ij fy, fcuk vihy dk fuLrkj.k ugha gks ldrkA fu.kZ; fnukad 3-10-2002 izk—frd U;k; ds fl)kUrksa ds foijhr gS] vr% mls vikLr fd;k tk,A vihykFkhZx.k dks lquokbZ dk ekSdk nsdj xq.kkxq.k ds vk/kkj ij vihy dk fuLrkj.k fd;k tk,A 5- izR;FkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koäk dh nyhy gS fd e`rd nsohyky dh e`R;q ds iwoZ lEeu dh rkehy ml ij gks xbZ Fkh vkSj og U;k;ky; esa mifLFkr ugha gqvkA e`rd nsohyky dh xyrh dk Qk;nk vihykFkhZx.k ugha mBk ldrsA vihykFkhZx.k dks U;k;ky; esa mifLFkr gksdj muds firk dh e`R;q ds lEcU/k esa voxr djkuk pkfg, FkkA izkFkhZx.k fdlh vuqrks"k ds vf/kdkjh ugha gSA vr% izkFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= dks fujLr fd;k tk,A 6- geus i{kdkjksa ds fo}ku vf/koäkx.k dh nyhyksa ij euu fd;k rFkk muds }kjk izLrqr rdksZ ij euu fd;kA 7- jktLo e.My dh vknsfkdk fnukad 18-9-2002 bl izdkj gS %& ^^odhy izkFkhZ Jh ts-ih- ekFkqj mifLFkr gSaA odhy vizkFkhZ la- 2 Jh vkj-ds- xqIrk] Dy.G.A., mifLFkr gSA vizkFkhZ la- 1 dh ,-Mh- izkIr ugha gksus dh fjiksVZ gSA vkokt fnykbZ dksbZ mifLFkr ughaA ,drjQk dk;Zokgh vey esa ykbZ tkdj mHk; i{k dh cgl vihy ij lquh xbZA fu.kZ; fjtoZ j[kk x;kA** ;g fufoZokn gS fd izLrqr e`R;q izek.k i= ds vuqlkj nsohyky dh e`R;q fnukad 27-8-2002 dks gqbZ gS vFkkZr~ ftl jkst izdj.k esa cgl lquh xbZ] ml jkst vizkFkhZx.k ds firk thfor ugha Fks rFkk e`rd nsohyky ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa dks vfHkys[k ij yk;s fcuk gh vihy dk fuLrkj.k xq.kkoxq.k ij dj fn;kA ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; us N. Jayaram Reddy vs. Revenue Division Officer (1978) 3 SCC 578 esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd %& "It has to be appreciated that a decree against a dead person is not necessarily a nullity for all purposes. It will be sufficient to say that such a decree has been held to be a nullity because it cannot be executed against his legal representative for the simple reason that he did not have a full opportunity of being heard in respect of it, and the legal representative cannot be condemned unheard. So if a respondent to an appeal dies, and the appeal abates because of the failure to bring him legal representative on the record within the time limited by law, and the Appellate Court loses sight of that development or ignores it, it will still be permissible for the Court hearing the appeal to bring his legal representative on the record on an application to that effect and to examine any application that may be made for condonation of the delay. It is also permissible, and is in fact the common practice, to remand the case for disposal according to law to the Court in which it was pending at the time of the death of the deceased party. The law has therefore provided, and accepted, modes for reopening and hearing the appeal in such cases." blh fu.kZ; ds i`"B 584 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us dgk gS fd %& "The basic fact remains that a decree against a dead person is treated as a nullity because it cannot be allowed to operate against his legal representative when he was never brought on the record to defend the case. Any other view would not be possible or permissible for it would fasten on him a liability for which he did not have any hearing." ekuuh; xqtjkr mPp U;k;ky; us Heirs of Decd. Bhikhabhai H. Patel & Ors. vs. Heirs of decd. Purshottambhai Z. Patel, AIR 2001 Guj. 246 ds iSjk 18 esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd %& "The heirs and legal representatives of Purshottambhai Zaverbhai did not get the opportunity of being heard and so they can be said to have been condemend unheard. As per the above discussion, the decree being a nullity does not have any force of law and create no right in their favour. If they have the right to support the judgment and decree of the lower Appellate Court, on some more or others grounds they must be given the opportunity of being heard. As per the above discussion, the decree being a nullity does not have any force of law and create no right in their favour. If they have the right to support the judgment and decree of the lower Appellate Court, on some more or others grounds they must be given the opportunity of being heard. Likewise the appellants ignorant about the death at the relevant time could not represent their case in the way they wanted to, had they come to know about the death at the right earnest in respect of the final order that came to be passed. In view of the matter, the decree passed will have to be set aside and the case will have to be remanded to the lower Appellate Court for disposal in accordance with law after giving to all the parties reasonable opportunity of being heard. The appellants may, undergoing necessary formalities, prefer application before the lower Appellate Court for bringing the heir and Legal representative of Purshottambhai Zaverbhai on record and the lower Appellate Court shall consider the same in accordance with law." mi;qZä U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa ds ifjizs{; esa jktLo e.My dk vknsk fnukad 3-10-2002 v—r ¼nullity½ gS] D;ksafd og e`r O;fä ds fo:) ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA 8-- vknsk 22 fu;e 6 dh Li"V Hkk"kk ds dkj.k ;fn eqdíesa dh lquokbZ lekIr gksus ds ipkr~ vkSj fu.kZ; lquk, tkus ds chp fdlh i{kdkj dh e`R;q gks tkrh gS rks bl dkj.k mileu ugha gksxkA fdlh i{kdkj dh e`R;q gks tkus ij Hkh fu.kZ; lquk;k tk,xk vkSj ,sls fu.kZ; dk ogh izHkko gksxk ekuksa e`R;q ds iwoZ lquk;k x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa e`r O;fä ds fo:) ikfjr fMØh v—r ugha gksxh ijUrq tgka rd i{kdkj dh e`R;q fopkj.k ds lekiu ls igys gks tkrh gS] ogka e`r O;fä ds fo:) ikfjr fMØh v—R; kwU; gS] tSlk fd esa Uma Andarjanam & Ors. vs. Nelakandan Namboodiri & Ors. ,-vkbZ-vkj- 2001 dsjyk 314 vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd %& "Civil P.C. (5 of 1908), Order 22, Rule 6 — Death of party before conclusion of Trial — Decree passed against dead person — Is a nullity." ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us lqjskpUnz cuke jktsUnz jtkd ¼2006½ lh-,y-Vh- 73 ¼,l-lh-½ ds fu.kZ; ds iSjk 7 o 11 esa uSlfxZd U;k; ds lEcU/k esa dgk gS fd %& 7. A perusal of the order itself shows that only the applicants advocate was heard. A perusal of the order itself shows that only the applicants advocate was heard. There is also even no mention that any notice was issued to the present appellant and/or it was served. Adjudication adverse to him was done by disposal of Civil Revision without even issuance of notice before such adverse adjudication. It is clear violation of the principles of natural justice. 11. Natural justice is the essence of fair adjudication, deeply rooted in tradition and conscience, to be ranked as fundamental. The purpose of following the principles of natural justice is the prevent of miscarriage of justice. 12. On that score alone, the appeal deserved to be allowed......" ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds ifjizs{; esa ge bl fufpr er ds gS fd e.My }kjk fu.kZ; fnukad 3-10-2002 ikfjr djus ls iwoZ vihykFkhZx.k dks lquuk vko;d FkkA mijksä ls LiV gS fd vihykFkhZx.k dk jktLo e.My dh [k.MihB ds le{k fof/kor~ :i ls izfrfuf/kRo ughas gqvkA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 300¼d½ ds vuqlkj fdlh O;fä dks mldh lEifÙk ds fof/k ds izkf/kdkj ls gh oafpr fd;k tk,xk vU;Fkk ughaA U;k;ky; dk drZO; gS fd og ns[ks fd ;fn U;k;ky; dh xyrh ls fdlh dks {kfr igaqph gS rks iqu% mls mlh fLFkfr esa djsa] ftlesa og ,slh xyrh u gksus ij gksrkA ^^,-vkj- vUrqys cuke vkj-,l- uk;d** ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1998 ,l-lh- ist 1531 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us ^^ykMZ duZl** dh leqfä dks mYysf[kr djrs gq, ist 1561 ij dgk gS %& "No man should suffer because of the mistake of the Court. No man should suffer a wrong by technical procedure of irregularities. Rules or procedures are the handmaid of justice and not the mistress of the justice. Ex debito justiatiae, we must do justice to him. No man should suffer a wrong by technical procedure of irregularities. Rules or procedures are the handmaid of justice and not the mistress of the justice. Ex debito justiatiae, we must do justice to him. If a man has been wronged so long as it lies within the human machinery of admission of justice that wrong must be remedied." fopkjk/khu fu.kZ; okLro esa vihykFkhZx.k ds fgrksa ds fo:) ,d i{kh; :i ls ikfjr fd;k x;k gS] D;ksafd i=koyh ,oa fu.kZ; ds voyksdu ls Li"V gS fd vihykFkhZx.k dks lquokbZ dk volj iznku gh ugha fd;k x;k] tks Li"Vr% uSlfxZd U;k; ds fl)kUrksa ds foijhr gSA vr% izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr vknsk 41 fu;e 21 lh-ih-lh- Lohdkj fd;k tkdj fu.kZ; fnukad 30-12-2002 fujLr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk vihy la[;k 77@97 muoku ^ou foHkkx tfj, {ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh] e.Mkuk dk;kZy;] dksVk cuke Jh nsohyky prqosZnh o vU;* dks iqu% vius iqjkus uEcj ij ntZ jftLV fd;k tkdj lquokbZ gsrq [k.MihB ds le{k fnukad 28-7-2008 dks izLrqr fd, tkus ds vknsk fn, tkrs gSA vihykFkhZx.k dks funsZk fn, tkrs gS fd os lakksf/kr vihy kh"kZd ,d lIrkg esa izLrqr djsaA bl vknsk dh ,d izfr lEcfU/kr vihy dh i=koyh esa layXu dh tk,A 10- vknsk [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA