Judgment ih- pUnz] lnL;-&izkFkhZx.k tks ewy izdj.k ds oknhx.k Hkh gS us ;g fuxjkuh /kkjk 230 jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e 1955 ds mi[k.M vf/kdkjh nhxksn ds fu.kZ; fnukad 7-3-2007 ls O;fFkr gksdj izLrqr dh gSA 2- vkyksP; vkns'kkuqlkj fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vizkFkhZ izfroknh yVwj dh vksj ls izLrqr izkFkZuk i= varxZr vkns'k 9 fu;e 13 lhihlh lifBr /kkjk 151 fnukad 22-12-06 dks Lohdkj dj iwoZ esa fuf.kZr fd;s x;s okn dks iqu% uEcj ij ysus dk vkns'k fn;k gS vkSj lkFk gh iwoZ ds fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh dks iqu% fu.kZ; gksus rd LFkfxr djus dk vkns'k fn;k gSA 3- eSaus mHk; i{k ds ;ksX; vf/koDrkvksa dh cgl lquh rFkk fopkj.k U;k;ky; vkyksP; fu.kZ; dk /;kuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k gSA 4- fuxjkdkj oknhx.k ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dFku gS fd vkyksP; fu.kZ; fof/k ,oa U;k; ds fl)kUrksa ds foijhr gS D;ksafd izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr vkns'k 9 fu;e 13 lhihlh okn ds fu.kZ; ds yxHkx 16 ekg ckn izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk nsjh ds laca/k esa dksbZ larks"ktud ,oa mi;qDr dkj.k ugha Fks fQj Hkh oS/kkfud :i ls ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh dh ikyuk dks LFkfxr dj fn;k tks vkns'k dkuwuh :i ls =qfViw.kZ gSA mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd muds i{kdkj dh vksj ls izLrqr izkFkZuk i= ds tokc ,oa 'kiFk i= dk Hkh fopkj.k U;k;ky; us v/;;u ugha fd;k gSA mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd vizkFkhZ izfroknh dh vuqifLFkfr ds tks dkj.k izkFkZuk i= esa fy[ks x;s gS og i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ,oa QnZ vgdke ds foijhr gksdj euxa<r gSA vr% bl vk/kkj ij Hkh oS/kkfud :i ls ikfjr fu.kZ; dks LFkfxr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd izfroknhx.k us bl ?kVuk ls iwoZ Hkh Lo;a dks vuqifLFkr j[kk Fkk ftl vkns'k dks Hkh ckn esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; us lgkuqHkwfriwoZd :[k viukrs gq, fujLr dj mls ykHk fn;k Fkk fQj Hkh mlus f}rh; ckj Lo;a dks vuqifLFkr j[kdj vlR; vk/kkj ij xyr ykHk izkIr fd;k gSA mijksDr lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mUgksaus mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ds vkyksP; vkns'k dks xSj dkuwuh crkrs gq, vikLr djus dh izkFkZuk dh gSA vius dFkuksa ds leFkZu esa mUgksuas 2005 ¼1½ Mh,uts jkt- ist 228 xhrk nsoh o vU; cuke fueZykdqekjh rFkk 1992 ¼2½ MCY;w,ylh ¼jkt-½ ist 273 xkSjh 'kadj o vU; cuke lR; ukjk;.k dh uthjksa ij voyEc fy;k gSA 5- blds foijhr izfroknhx.k ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us vkyksP; vkns'k dks dkuwu lEer crkrs gq, fuxjkuh dks [kkfjt djus dh izkFkZuk dh gSA vius dFkuksa ds leFkZu esa mUgksaus 1999 vkjvkjMh ist 208 ;wvkbZVh cuke mEesnjke rFkk 1998 vkjvkjMh ist 492 xksfoanjke cuke izse dqekj dh uthjksa ij voyEc fy;k gS ftudk geus /;kuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k gSA 6- eSaus mHk;i{kksa ds rdksZ ij euu fd;k gS rFkk fopkj.k U;k;ky; dh i=koyh esa mYysf[kr QnZ vgdkeksa dk /;kuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k gSA 7- ;g lgh gS fd fnukad 30-1-03 dks izfroknh ds vuqifLFkr gksus ds dkj.k ,drjQk dk;Zokgh dk vkns'k fn;k x;k Fkk ftls fnukad 2-6-04 dks 100 :i;s dh dkLV ij Lohdkj djrs gq, ,drjQk dk;Zokgh dks fujLr dj fn;k x;k FkkA rRi'pkr~ okn oknh dh lk{; esa fu;r pyrk jgk gS vkSj fnukad 16-11-04 dks iqu% izfroknh i{k vuqifLFkr gks x;kA ;g fLFkfr cgl lquus dh frfFk fnukad 17-8-05 rd cnLrwj pyrh jgh rc fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fnukad 31-8-05 dks fu.kZ; ikfjr djrs gq, oknh dk okn fMØh fd;k vkSj vizkFkhZx.k izfroknhx.k dks xzke dNukonk dh fookfnr vkjkth ls csn[ky djus dk vkns'k fn;kA 8- blds mijkar fnukad 22-11-06 dks izfroknh yVwj us ,d izkFkZuk i= varxZr vkns'k 9 fu;e 13 lifBr /kkjk 151 lhihlh ds rgr 'kiFk i= ds lkFk izLrqr fd;k vkSj fnukad 12-2-07 dks /kkjk 5 fe;kn vf/kfu;e ds rgr izkFkZuk i= e; 'kiFk i= izLrqr fd;kA bldk tokc e; 'kiFk i= oknhx.k us izLrqr fd;k gSA 9- izfroknh yVwj us vius izkFkZuk i= esa vafdr fd;k gS fd mldh vksj ls fu;qDr vf/koDrk jkedY;k.k 'kekZ dksVk lgk;d dysDVj eq[;ky; esa iSjoh djrs Fks ftl dkj.k ls mUgsa rkjh[k is'kh dk Kku ugha gks ldk FkkA bl dkj.k ls og rkjh[k ij mifLFkr ugha gks lds FksA 10- mijksDr dkj.k dks fdlh Hkh n`f"Vdks.k ls fo'oluh;] larks"ktud ,oa i;kZIr dkj.k ugha ekuk tk ldrk gS D;ksafd mDr izkFkZuk i= esa dgha ij Hkh ;g ugha crk;k x;k gS fd fnukad 16-11-04 dks izfroknh dh vksj ls fu;qDr vf/koDrk lgk;d dyDVj dksVk ds U;k;ky; esa fdl izdj.k esa iSjoh dj jgs Fksa izkFkZuk i= esa ;g Hkh ugha crk;k x;k gS fd fnukad 16-11-04 dks izfroknh ds vf/koDrk ds vuqifLFkr gksus ds mijkUr mlus fnukad 22-12-06 vFkkZr 2 o"kZ rd vius okn dh izxfr ds ckjs esa vius vf/koDrk ls lEidZ D;ksa ugha lk/kk vkSj vpkud fnukad 22-12-06 dks iw.kZ:is.k vLi"V vk/kkj mYysf[kr djrs gq, vkns'k 9 fu;e 13 lhihlh ds rgr fe;kn ckgj izkFkZuk i= izLrqr dj fn;k ftls Lohdkj djus esa fulansg fopkj.k U;k;ky; us xaHkhj dkuwuh =qfV dh gSA 11- ;g Hkh egRoiw.kZ gS fd izfroknh us izkFkZuk i= varxZr vkns'k 9 fu;e 13 lhihlh ds lkFk ml fnu /kkjk 5 fe;kn vf/kfu;e ds rgr dksbZ izkFkZuk i= izLrqr ugha fd;k Fkk vkSj ,slk izkFkZuk i= yxHkx Ms< ekg ls vf/kd le; mijkar fnukad 12-2-07 dks izLrqr fd;k x;k gS ftlesa Hkh osx ,oa vLi"V rFkk vlarks"ktud dkj.k vafdr dj j[ks gS ,slh fLFkfr esa Hkh fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk izfroknh ds izkFkZuk i= dks Lohdkj djus esa xaHkhj dkuwuh =qfV dh xbZ gSA 12- izkFkZuk i= izLrqr djus esa gqbZ nsjh dks fdu fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa {kek fd;k tk ldrk gS bl laca/k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ,oa ns'k ds lHkh ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky;ksa us vusdkusd fu.kZ;ksa esa lqLFkkfir fl)kUr izfrikfnr dj j[ks gSA bl ckcr ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us dqN ewy fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;k gS ftudk eSa ;gka mYys[k djuk mfpr le>rk gwa tks fuEu izdkj ls gS%& 1998 ¼7½ ,llhlh ist 133 ,u- ckykd`".ku cuke ,e- d`".kkewfrZ esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd& "The primary function of a court is to adjudicate the dispute between the parties and to advance substantial justice. The time limit fixed for approaching the court in different situations is not because on the expiry of such time a bad cause would transform into a good cause. Rules of limitation are not meant to destroy the rights of parties. They are meant to see that parties do not resort to dilatory tactics, but seek their remedy for the redress of the legal injury so suffered. The law of limitation is thus founded on public policy." ,vkbZvkj 1986 ,llh ist 2026 ds-vkj- eqnxy cuke vkj-ih-flag ds fu.kZ; esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd& "Time-barred cases should not be entertained by Courts as the rights which have accrued to others by reason of delay in approaching the Court, cannot be allowed to be disturbed unless there is a reasonable explanation for the delay. The vested rights of the parties should not be disrupted at the instance of a person who is a guilty of culpable negligence." 1997 ¼7½ ,llhlh ist 556 ih-ds- jkepUnzu cuke dsjy jkT; o vU; esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd& "Law of limitation may harshly affect a particular party but it has to be applied with all its rigour when the statute so prescribes and the Courts have no power to extend the period of limitation as equitable grounds. The discretion exercised by the High Court was thus, neither proper nor judicious. The discretion exercised by the High Court was thus, neither proper nor judicious. The order condoning the delay cannot be sustained." 13- mijksDr fl)kUrksa dks e/; utj j[krs gq, eSa ;g ekurk gwa fd ;ksX; fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vizkFkhZ izfroknh dh vksj izLrqr fe;kn ckgj izkFkZuk i= varxZr vkns'k 9 fu;e 13 lhihlh dks Lohdkj djrs le; nsjh ds dkj.kksa ij U;kf;d n`f"Vdks.k ,oa xaHkhjrk ls fopkj ugha fd;k gSA ;|fi mUgksaus ;g ekuk gS fd izkFkZuk i= fu.kZ; ds pkj ekg ckn is'k djus ds dksbZ Bksl dkj.k ugha n'kkZ;s x;s gSA oLrqr% izkFkhZ }kjk mlds fo:) fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ,drjQk dk;Zokgh dks fujLr djkus ds fy, tks izkFkZuk i= izLrqr fd;k x;k gS og 2 o"kZ mijkar izLrqr fd;k x;k gS u fd 4 ekg mijkUr tSlk fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vkyksP; vkns'k esa mYysf[kr fd;k gSA bl nsjh ds laca/k esa Hkh fuf'pr :i ls fe;kn vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 ds izkFkZuk i= esa fdlh izdkj dk larks"ktud] i;kZIr] fo'oluh; ,oa U;k;laxr dkj.k ugha crk;s x;s gS ,slh fLFkfr esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ,drjQk dk;Zokgh fujLr djus ds vkyksP; vkns'k dks fof/k lEer ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA 14- ;g lgh gS fd lk/kkj.kr% bl izdkj ds ekeys esa lHkh U;k;ky;ksa dks mnkjrk dk :[k viukuk pkfg;s ijUrq ,slk :[k rHkh viuk;k tk ldrk gS tcfd i{kdkj vFkok mlds vf/koDrk vius drZO;ksa ,oa vf/kdkjksa ds izfr ltx jgrs gksA izLrqr ekeys esa nksuksa i{kksa us mnklhurk dk vkpj.k viuk;k gSA vuqifLFkfr ds laca/k esa tks dkj.k crk;s x;s gS og Hkh larks"ktud] fo'oluh; ,oa i;kZIr ugha gS ,slh fLFkfr esa vkyksP; vkns'k dks fof/k lEer ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA 15- ifj.kker% izkFkhZx.k oknhx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr fuxjkuh dks Lohdkj dj mi[k.M vf/kdkjh nhxksn }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; vkns'k fnukad 7-3-07 dks vikLr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj vizkFkhZ la- 1 dh vksj ls izLrqr izkFkZuk i= varxZr vkns'k 9 fu;e 13 lhihlh fnukad 22-12-06 ,oa izkFkZuk i= varxZr /kkjk 5 fe;kn vf/kfu;e fnukad 12-2-07 dks vLohdkj dj [kkfjt fd;k tkrk gS rFkk fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; fnukad 31-8-05 dh iqf"V djrs gq, cgky fd;k tkrk gSA 16- fu.kZ; dh izfr ds lkFk v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa dk fjdkMZ fu;ekuqlkj ykSVk;k tkosA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA