ORDER In these two Writ Petitions the validity of final key in respect of certain questions in EAMCET 2008 examination held on 8.5.2008 are assailed. More precisely the validity of final key answers in respect of question Nos.53, 88, 89, 98, 104, 114 and 160 are questioned in W.P.No.11957 of 2008 whereas key answer to question NO.160 is questioned in W.P.No.12212 of 2008. Since the core issue involved in these two writ petitions is one and the same they are taken up together for decision. 2. The entrance test for admission into medical and engineering colleges was held in the State of Andhra Pradesh on 8.5.2008. The petitioner in W.P.No.11957 of 2008 and the 1st petitioner in W.P.No.12212 of 2008 sought admission into MBBS course. The initial key was published on 11.5.2008. The objections to the initial key were called for by 18.5.2008. Subject experts met on 20.5.2008. Final key prepared by the subject experts came to be approved on 23.5.2008 and the result came to be declared on 24.5.2008. The 1st petitioner in W.P.No.12212 of 2008 secured 69th rank whereas the petitioner in W.P.No.11957 of 2008 secured 1521 rank. 3. When the writ petitions came up for admission, Sri. K.Ratangapani Reddy, learned Standing Counsel for J.N.T.U. received notices on behalf of the Convenor, EAMCET 2008, JNTU Hyderabad and filed counters and additional counter affidavits. 4. The following are the questions in respect of which controversy in these two writ petitions arises: Question Nos.53, 88, 89, 98, 104, 114 and 160. Question No.53: Statement (S) Arthropoda are the most successful of all the known animal groups. Reason (R): Arthropoda exhibit the greatest adaptive radiation and have adapted to diverse habitats. (1) Both (S) and (R) are true and (R) explains (S) (2) Both (S) and (R) are true but (R) cannot explain (S) (3) Only (S) is correct but (R) is wrong (4) Both (S) are wrong. Question No.88: A body of mass 'm' is placed on a rough wooden plank. One end of the wooden plank raised from the surface of the horizontal plane keeping other end in contact with the surface. The body just start slide down when angle of plank with the horizontal is 30'. At that instant how much force parallel to the plank is required to stop the slide down of the mass? Options: (1) mg (2) mg/2 (3)(3/2) mg (4) (1/3) mg. The body just start slide down when angle of plank with the horizontal is 30'. At that instant how much force parallel to the plank is required to stop the slide down of the mass? Options: (1) mg (2) mg/2 (3)(3/2) mg (4) (1/3) mg. Question No.89: Assertion (A): A ball connected to a string is in circular motion on a frictionless horizontal table and is in equilibrium. Reason (R): Magnitude of the centripetal force is equal to the magnitude of the tension in the strong. Question No.98: One mole of an ideal gas undergoes an isothermal change at temperature 'T' so that its volume 'v' is doubled. R is the molar gas constant. Work done by the gas during this change is (1) RT log 4 (2) RT log 2 (3) RT log 1 (4) RT log 3 Question No.104: In Huygen's eye piece. (1) Chromatic aberration is not eliminated. (2) Spherical aberration is completely eliminated (3) Focal length of field lens and eye lens are equal (4) Cross wires cannot be provided Question No.114: A circular coil of wire of radius 'r' has 'n' turns and carries a current 'I'. The magnetic induction (B) at a point on the axis of the coil at a distance 3r from its center is (1) M In/(4r) (2) m In/(8r) (3) m 1/(16r) (4) m In/(32r) Question No.160: Match the following: List - I (Vitamins) List II (A) B1 (i) Riboflavin (B) B2 (ii) Pantothenic acid (C) B3 (iii) Niacin (D) B5 (iv) Thiamine 5. Heard Sri T.Jagdish, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner in W.P.No.11957 of 2008 and Sri P.Venugopal, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner in W.P.No.12212 of 2008; Sri K.Ratangapani Reddy, learned Standing Counsel appearing for the Convenor, EAMCET, JNTU, Hyderabad-respondent in W.P.No.11957 of 2008 and 4th respondent in W.P.No.12212 of 2008. 6 (a). Before I consider the correctness or otherwise of the contentions raised in respect of each of the above questions, I deem it appropriate to advert to legal position as to what are the parameters within which the power of judicial review could be exercised when questions arose regarding the correctness or otherwise of the answers prepared by the examiners. In Kanpur University v. Samir Gupta1 the Supreme Court had to consider whether certain answers found in the key prepared by the examiners for the Combined Pre-Medical Test in Uttar Pradesh were correct or not. In Kanpur University v. Samir Gupta1 the Supreme Court had to consider whether certain answers found in the key prepared by the examiners for the Combined Pre-Medical Test in Uttar Pradesh were correct or not. In the State of Uttar Pradesh the papers set for the examinations related to multiple choice objective type tests. The Allahabad High Court found that certain answers mentioned in the key were correct and that the finding was arrived at with reference to the standard text books which were prescribed by the University for intermediate students and also certain other standard textbooks. In the State of Uttar Pradesh for intermediate courses standard books were prescribed. The key answers were published by the authorities in Uttar Pradesh along with the results and the same constituted the foundation for arguments advanced. When the High Court ruled that certain answers found in the key were correct, the matter was taken to the Supreme Court by way of an appeal by Kanpur University. It was contended that the Court should not entertain any argument relating to the correctness of the key answers unless on the face of it the same are shown to be wrong. Chief Justice Shri Y.V.Chandrachud, speaking for the Court ruled that" We agree that the key answer should be assumed to be correct unless it is proved to be wrong and that it should not be held to be wrong by an inferential process of reasoning or by a process of rationalization. It must be clearly demonstrated to be wrong, that is to say, it must be such as no reasonable body of men well-versed in the particular subject would regard as correct. The contention of the University is falsified in this case by a large number of acknowledged text-books, which were commonly read by the students in Uttar Pradesh. Those text-books leave no room for doubt that the answer given by the students is correct and the key answer is incorrect." 6(b). Learned Judges held in the said judgment that if it is a case of doubt, the answers found in the key should prevail, but if the matter is found to be beyond the reaim of doubt that means to say that the answer found in the key is demonstrably to be wrong then alone the case of the students should be accepted. Merely because of the same set of facts the Court comes to a different conclusion then the one arrived at by the authority cannot be termed as unreasonable. In order to characterize a decision as unreasonable a finding must be recorded that it was so unreasonable that no reasonable authority could ever have come to it. The power of the Court to interfere in each case is not that of an appellate authority to override the decision of the legal authority, but that is that of a judicial authority. 7. According to the petitioner in W.P.No.11957 of 2008, the answers in final key in respect of question Nos.53, 89 and 160 are incorrect. With regard to question Nos.88, 98, 104 and 114, it is the version of the petitioner in W.P.No.11957 of 2008 that they fall within the syllabi and options contained correct answers. For better understanding of the grievance of the petitioners, I deem it appropriate to refer para 7 of the additional affidavit filed in support of the writ petition, which reads as under: "7. It is submitted that the petitioner answered the questions correctly concerning the aforementioned questions, namely, question Nos.88, 98 and 114; these are the 3 (three) questions, which are rashly and impetuously decided as not falling within the syllabi and do not have correct options, and the students were accredited with the marks despite answering them incorrectly, demonstrably penalizing the students, who answered it correct despite it is a fact that it is a tough question; however, traceable to and falling with the contours of the syllabus. It cannot now lie in the mouth of the convenor to say that the questions are well within the prescribed syllabi as was published in the prospectus of EAMCET 2008, and that it is not part of the books in the bibliography. Bibliography is not a basis to constitute for framing of the questions. Framing of questions is carried out based on the well defined and well demarcated contours of the syllabi as prescribed and foisted in the website and in the print form by the Board of Intermediate Education and traceable to the prospectus of the EAMCET-2008. Bibliography is not a basis to constitute for framing of the questions. Framing of questions is carried out based on the well defined and well demarcated contours of the syllabi as prescribed and foisted in the website and in the print form by the Board of Intermediate Education and traceable to the prospectus of the EAMCET-2008. If the prospectus' takes into its account a particular subject, the inner core most difficult question falling within the contour of the syllabi needs to be evaluated and marks as are attained for proper and accurate answering shall be credited to the student. Deletion of those above 3 (three) questions and question No.1 04 referred to hereinabove reflets the arbitrary decision making process of the Experts Committee in demonstrably deleting certain properly framed questions with correct answers set out and fed into the computer. Such right of deletion is not made available under the rules to the Expert Committee nor can it make a recommendation of such nature. Hence, the entire decision making process concerning the above said 4 (four) questions is ex-facie arbitrary, illegal and contrary to the law laid down by the Apex Court right from the days of 1984 SC 402 and AIR 1984 AP 321 (Division Bench of this Hon'ble Court)." 8. The respondent filed counter affidavit and additional counter affidavit. The sum and substance of the counter affidavit is as follows: The preparation of question paper and preparation of keys and evaluation involves the following sequence of actions. (1) Preparation of Question bank. (2) Preparation of 4 sets of question papers (and their keys). (3) Picking up of two question papers by the Convenor. (4) Checking the clarity of questions and for any clarification Convenor approaches the paper setters in person. (5) Conduct of examination. (6) Formation of initial key committee, which is other than paper setter committee. (7) Question papers will be sent to all the members of the initial key committee to prepare key. (8) Meeting of the initial key committee. (9) Release of initial key. (10) Response to the initial key are invited from the students, teachers, parents etc. (11) Formation of final key committee, which is other than paper setter committee and initial key committee. (8) Meeting of the initial key committee. (9) Release of initial key. (10) Response to the initial key are invited from the students, teachers, parents etc. (11) Formation of final key committee, which is other than paper setter committee and initial key committee. The final key Committee examines the question paper and options, key prepared by the paper setter, key prepared by the initial key committee and the responses received from the members of the society. The recommendations of the final key committee will be placed before the EAMCET Committee which is the decision making body. With the approval of the EAMCET committee the final key will be fed to the computer for valuation and the same final key will be released along with the results. The experts involved in the process of preparation of final key are the teachers of the respective subjects with more than 10 years of experience, not associated with any coaching or tutorial colleges and who maintain good academic and teaching records. The Final Key committee consists of group experts with a minimum of 4 members in each subject specialization and they focus only on to the questions related to their specialization. The constitution of such committee represents one or two teachers at Intermediate level, a teacher from Degree college level and one at University Professor level. 9. It is further stated in the counter affidavit that while arriving at the fin<;ll key, the final key committee and EAMCET committee carefully decides the final key so that no genuine candidate is put to inconvenience and also keeping in mind that giving one liberal mark or indicating correct to a distracter also leads to injustice to the candidate who is correct. The Board of Intermediate Education prescribed the textbooks published by the Telugu Academy which is authorized publisher of Intermediate books. 10. Sri. T.Jagadish, learned counsel appearing for the petitioners contends that question Nos.88, 98, 104 and 114 and options shown therein are neither wrongly framed nor out of syllabi prescribed by the Board of Intermediate Education and hence arbitrary exercise of discretionary power to grant marks to all the candidates uniformly concerning question Nos.88, 98, 104 and 114 is demonstrably erroneous and hence awarding marks to all students uniformly violates equity clause. Placing reliance on the decisions of Supreme Court in Kanpur University v. Samir Gupta (1 supra), Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education v. Paritosh Bhupeshkumar Shetfi2 and the Decisions of this Court in S.S. Sudhakar v. The Convenor, EAMCEP and Convenor, JNT University Hyd. v. C.Swarnalatha the learned counsel contends that the correctness of key answers should be ascertained from the standard and prescribed text books and not merely on the basis of inferences. 11. A Division Bench of this Court in S.S.Sudhakar v. The Convenor, EAMCEP, held that if it is a case of doubt, the answers found in the Key should prevail, but if the matter is found to be beyond the realm of doubt, that means to say, that the answer found in the key is demonstrably to be wrong, then alone the case of the students should be accepted. Merely because on the same set of facts the Court comes to a different conclusion than the one arrived at by the authority, the decision of the authority cannot be termed as unreasonable. In order to characterize a decision as unreasonable, a finding must be recorded that it was "so unreasonable that no reasonable authority could ever have come to it. In such a case, again, the court can interfere. The power of the Court to interfere in each case is not that of an appellate authority to override a decision of the local authority, but is that of a judicial authority. Para.9 of the judgment needs to be noted and it is thus: "9. Before we consider the correctness or otherwise of the contentions raised in respect of each of the above questions, we deem it appropriate to advert to the legal position. What are the parameters within which the power of judicial review could be exercised when questions arise regarding the correctness or otherwise of the answers prepared by the examiners, In Kanpur University v. Samir Gupta ( AIR 1983 SC 1230 ) the Supreme Court had to consider whether certain answers found in the key prepared by the examiners for the combined pre-medical test in Uttar Pradesh were correct or not. In the State of Uttar Pradesh, the papers set for the examinations related to 'Multiple Choice Objective-type test'. In the State of Uttar Pradesh, the papers set for the examinations related to 'Multiple Choice Objective-type test'. The Allahabad High Court found that certain answers mentioned in the key were incorrect and that finding was arrived at with reference to the standard textbooks which were prescribed by the University for Intermediate students and also certain other standard textbooks. In the State of Uttar Pradesh for Intermediate course, standard books were prescribed. The key answers were published by the authorities in Uttar Pradesh along with the results, and the same constituted the foundation for arguments advance. When the High Court ruled that certain answers found in the key were incorrect, the matter was carried in appeal by the Kanpur University to the Supreme Court. On behalf of the University, it was contended that the Court should not entertain any argument relating to the correctness of the key answers unless, on the face of it, the same are shown to be wrong. Chief Justice Chandrachud, speaking for the Court, ruled: "We agree that the key answer should be assumed to be correct unless it is proved to be wrong and that it should not be held to be wrong by an inferential process of reasoning or by a process of rationalization. It must be clearly demonstrated to be wrong, that is to say, it must be such as no reasonable body of men well versed in the particular subject would regard as correct. The contention of the University is falsified in this case by a large number of acknowledged textbooks, which are commonly read by students in U. P. Those textbooks leave no room for doubt that the answer given by the students is correct and the key answer is incorrect." The learned Judge held in the said judgment that if it is a case of doubt, the answers found in the Key should prevail, but if the mater is found to be beyond the realm of doubt, that means to say, that the answer found in the Key is demonstrably to be wrong, then alone the case of the students should be accepted. Merely because on the same set of facts the Court comes to a different conclusion than the one arrived at by the authority, the decision of the authority cannot be termed as unreasonable. Merely because on the same set of facts the Court comes to a different conclusion than the one arrived at by the authority, the decision of the authority cannot be termed as unreasonable. In order to characterize a decision as unreasonable, a finding must be recorded that it was "so unreasonable hat no reasonable authority could ever have come to it. In such a case, again, I think the Court can interfere. The power of the Court to interfere in each case is not that of an appellate authority to over-ride a decision of the loal authority, but is that of a judicial authority. (Held by Lord Green, M.R.) (1947 (2) All England Law Reports 680). 12. Sri T.Jagdish, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner in W.P.No.11957 of 2008 submits that the Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, prescribed only syllabi of the various subjects and not prescribed the textbooks, which the students are expected to follow. In the absence of any prescribed textbooks, the students are at liberty to go through the books authored by renowned subject experts and know the contours of the syllabi from various sources. 13. Per contra, learned Standing Counsel appearing for the Convenor, EAMCET, submits that Telugu Academy published books for Intermediate Course and Colleges imparting intermediate course follow the Telugu Academy publications. 14. The Convenor, EAMCET, 2008 has specifically stated in the counter-affidavit that the textbooks prescribed by the Board of Intermediate published by Telugu Academy are referred to while preparing the key to the answers. Para.8 of the counter affidavit needs to be noted and it is thus: "8. I submit that the petitioner has contended that the information given in Telugu Academy text books is incorrect. This contention is wrong because the information given in Telugu Academy Text books is also supported by standard text books (Such as Biochemistry by Powar & Chatwal, Himalaya Publishing House). Further the literature quoted by the petitioner in support of her contention is not from any text books, but only taken from some general web based articles and encyclopaedia. Further it is submitted that the material referred by the writ o petitioner are beyond the reach of the students of intermediate education particularly rural and Telugu medium and those preparing for EAMCET examination. Further it is submitted that the material referred by the writ o petitioner are beyond the reach of the students of intermediate education particularly rural and Telugu medium and those preparing for EAMCET examination. It is pertinent to bring to this Hon'ble Court notice that, out of 75,000 students who appeared for the EAMCET-2008 in Medical Stream only two students are before this Hon'ble Court contending that option (1) is correct and the rest of the students apparently have no grievance. The following are the references, which are basis for the conclusion. I.e., correct answer is option-4 to the aforesaid question Ref: 1) 2nd Year Intermediate Book on Chemistry (English Medium) published by Telugu Academy - Page Nos. 116118. 2) 2nd Year Intermediate Book on Chemistry (Telugu Medium) Published by Telugu Academy - Page Nos.117119; 3) Biochemistry by Powar and Chatwal, 3rd Revised and Enlarged Edition, 1994, Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay, Delhi, Nagpur. Page No.361 - 364." 15. The learned Standing Counsel during the course of his arguments placed before me the books published by Telugu Academy in respect of Intermediate course. Even in the writ affidavit filed in support of the petition reference has been made to the books published by Telugu Academy. Therefore, it can be inferred that the books published by Telugu Academy are being read by the students pursuing Intermediate course throughout the State. It is also not out of place to mention that out of 75,000 students appeared for EAMCET examinations in Medical Stream, only two students approached this Court complaining that final Key answers in respect of three questions are incorrect and awarding of marks to all the candidates uniformly in respect of four questions on the ground that options given thereto do not contain the correct answers is unjustified. It is trite to note the procedure adopted by the Convenor, EAMCET 2008, right from paper setting to the release of the final Key. The said procedure has been detailed in para.4 of the additional counter-affidavit and it reads as hereunder: "I submit that the preparation of question paper and preparation of keys and evaluation involves the following sequence of actions. (1) Preparation of Question bank; (2) Preparation of 4 sets of question papers (and their keys); (3) Picking up of two question papers by the Convenor; (4) Checking the clarity of questions and for any clarification Convenor approaches the paper setters in person. (1) Preparation of Question bank; (2) Preparation of 4 sets of question papers (and their keys); (3) Picking up of two question papers by the Convenor; (4) Checking the clarity of questions and for any clarification Convenor approaches the paper setters in person. (5) Conduct of examination. (6) Formation of Initial Key Committee, which is other than paper setter committee. (7) Question papers will be sent to all the members of the Initial Key Committee to prepare Key. (8) Meeting of the Initial Key Committee. (9) Release of Initial Key. (10) Response to the Initial Key Committee which is other than paper setter committee and Initial Key Committee. The final key Committee examines the question paper and options, Key prepared by the paper setter, key prepared by the Initial Key Committee and the responses received from the members of the society. The recommendations of the final key committee will be placed before the EAMCET Committee which is the decision making body. With the approval of the EAMCET committee the final key will be fed to the computer for valuation and the same final key will be released along with the results. Further, it is brought to the notice of the Honourable Court that the experts involved at above operations will be the teachers of the respective subjects with more than 10 years of experience, not associated with any coaching or tutorial colleges and who maintain good academic and teaching records. The Final Key Committee consist of group of experts with a minimum of 4 members in each subject specialization. The constitution of SLich committee represents one or two teachers at Intermediate level, a teacher from Degree College level and one at University professor level. " In the light of the statement of law, the questions raised in these writ petitions have to be decided. 16. Question No.160 reads thus: Match the following: List - I (Vitamins) List II (A) B1 (i) Riboflavin (B) B2 (ii) Pantothenic acid (C) B3 (iii) Niacin (D) B5 (iv) Thiamine Key answer to question NO.160 is assailed in both the writ petitions. It is contended by the learned counsel appearing for the petitioner that correct answer to Question NO.160 is both option-1 and option-4 as indicated in the initial key. It is contended by the learned counsel appearing for the petitioner that correct answer to Question NO.160 is both option-1 and option-4 as indicated in the initial key. It is further contended by the learned counsel that in the final key option-4 is indicated as correct and it is against the initial key and also it is not in accordance with the books authored by renowned experts on the subject. In elaborating his arguments, learned counsel submits that Vitamin B-3' is Niacin or Nicotinic acid and whereas Vitamin B-5 is Pantothenic Acid. The learned counsel refers encyclopaedia information and material downloaded through Internet. By referring the material, which finds place from page Nos.96 to 108 of the material papers filed along with the writ petition, the learned counsel contends that option-1 is correct answer. Whereas, it is contended by the learned Standing Counsel appearing for the Convenor, EAMCET, that as per the books published by Telugu Academy option-4 is the correct answer. He took me to the textbook published by the Telugu Academy for Intermediate course. He refers pages 116 to 118 of the book of 2nd Year Intermediate Book on Chemistry (English Medium), published by Telugu Academy, wherein it is stated that Vitamin B-3 is Pantothenic Acid and Vitamin B-5 is Nicotinic acid or Niacin. Since the answer given in the final key is in conformity with the 2nd Year Intermediate Book on Chemistry published by Telugu Academy, which book has been read by the students pursuing Intermediate Course in the State of Andhra Pradesh, the contention of the petitioner that the Key answer is not in conformity with some articles prescribed by renowned subject experts cannot be accepted. Therefore, the option-4 is the correct answer to Question No.160. In that view of the matter, I find that the petitioner failed to prove that the key answer to Question NO.160 is demonstrably wrong. Learned Standing Counsel also referred the book authored by C.P.Powar & Chatwal on Biochemistry published by Himalaya Publishing House, wherein it is stated that Vitamin B-3 is Pantothenic Acid. The relevant paragraph of 15t edition, 1988, and 3rd revised and enlarged edition, 1994, at page 361, it is stated as follows: "16.13. Vitamin B-3 or Pantothenic Acid. Occurrence: As vitamin B-3 is almost of universal occurrence, it is named as pantothenic acid (Pantothenic, A Greek word, which means from "everywhere"). The relevant paragraph of 15t edition, 1988, and 3rd revised and enlarged edition, 1994, at page 361, it is stated as follows: "16.13. Vitamin B-3 or Pantothenic Acid. Occurrence: As vitamin B-3 is almost of universal occurrence, it is named as pantothenic acid (Pantothenic, A Greek word, which means from "everywhere"). It occurs in all types of animal tissues as a component of coenzyme A and of acyl-carrier protein (ACP). The richest sources of vitamin B-3 are liver, kidney, heart, brain, pancreas, tongue and spleen. Vitamin B-3 is also produced by some moulds and green plants." 17. The writ petitioner in W.P.No.11957 of 2008 disputed the key answers in respect of Question Nos.53, 89 and also assails awarding of marks to all the candidates in respect of Question Nos.88, 98, 104 and 114 on the ground of options thereto do not contain correct answers. In all the petitioner assails the key answers in respect of seven questions (Q.No.88, 89, 98, 104 and 114 in Physics, Q.No.53 in Zoology, Q.No.160 in Chemistry). Initially he questioned the key answers in respect of Question Nos.53, 89, 104 and 160. Subsequently, he questioned the key answers in respect of Question Nos.88, 98, 114 by filing W.P. M.P. No.19430 of 2008. The W.P.M.P. came to be allowed. The Convenor, EAMCET, filed additional counter-affidavit and thereupon the petitioner filed additional material. 18. Question No.53 reads thus: Statement (S) Arthropoda are the most successful of all the known animal groups. Reason (R): Arthropoda exhibit the greatest adaptive radiation and have adapted to diverse habitats. (1) Both (S) and (R) are true and (R) explains (S) (2) Both (S) and (R) are true but (R) cannot explain (S) (3) Only (S) is correct but (R) is wrong (5) Both (S) are wrong. It is the contention of the petitioner that 'option-2' is the correct answer. Whereas, according to the Key, 'option-1' is stated to be the correct answer. Learned counsel appearing for the petitioner submits that reasoning is not the correct explanation of assertion though both assertion and reasoning are true. Learned counsel took me to the material filed along with reply affidavit running from pages 153 to 183. He also refers the book published by Telugu Academy vide page 105 of the 151 Year Zoology Book. Learned counsel appearing for the petitioner submits that reasoning is not the correct explanation of assertion though both assertion and reasoning are true. Learned counsel took me to the material filed along with reply affidavit running from pages 153 to 183. He also refers the book published by Telugu Academy vide page 105 of the 151 Year Zoology Book. By referring the relevant passage under the caption "PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA" learned counsel appearing for the petitioner contends that adoptive nature of Arthropoda is due to various reasons. Relevant passage on which much emphasis has been laid by the learned counsel reads as hereunder: "5.1 INTRODUCTION: Phylum Arthroopoda was established by Von Siebold. The term arthropod means Jointed-legged animal. In number of species and individuals the arthropods surpass the members of other phyla. Arthropoda constitute about 80% of the known animal species. Arthropods include spiders, scorpions, crabs, prawns, centipedes, millipedes, insets etc. Insecta constitutes the largest class in the animal kingdom. Arthropods have adapted themselves to diverse habitats, like water, land and air. Arthropods are the most successful of all the known animal groups. They exhibit the greatest adaptive radiation. The success of arthropods is chiefly due to the following: (1) A comparatively hard and rigid exoskeleton, which is in the form of Ehitinous cuticle helps in the maintenance of the shape of the body. Waxy epicuticle prevents dehydration in terrestrial arthropods. (2) Jointed legs/appendages show rapid movement with the help of bundles of striated muscles. Striated muscles appeared for the first time in the arthropods among the invertebrates. (3) An extensive haemocoel (bloodfilled body cavity) is a part of open type of blood vascular system. This change at temperature 'T' so that its volume 'v' is doubled. R is the molar gas constant. Work done by the gas during this change is (1) RT log 4 (2) RT log 2 (3) RT log 1 (4) RT log 3 With regard to this question, it is the contention of the petitioner that the correct answer is 'option-2'. He placed reliance on the 1st Year Intermediate Course Physics Text Book published by Telugu Academy. The correct answer for this question is 2.303 RT log 2. The correct answer does not find place in anyone of the options. Therefore, the contention of the petitioner that 'option-2' is the correct answer cannot be accepted. 25. He placed reliance on the 1st Year Intermediate Course Physics Text Book published by Telugu Academy. The correct answer for this question is 2.303 RT log 2. The correct answer does not find place in anyone of the options. Therefore, the contention of the petitioner that 'option-2' is the correct answer cannot be accepted. 25. Question No.114 reads thus: A circular coil of wire of radius or' has On' turns and carries a current "'. The magnetic induction (B) at a point on the axis of the coil at a distance 3r from its center is (1) M In/(4r) (2) m In/(8r) (3) m 1/(16r) (4) m In/(32r) With regard to this question, it is the contention of the petitioner that 'option-3' is the correct answer. The letter 'n' is missing and any intelligent person assumes the missing letter and mark the 'option-3' as the correct answer. Such an assumption cannot be permitted to be drawn. Indisputably, the letter on' is missing in 'option-3' and therefore, it cannot be a correct answer. In the additional counter-affidavit filed by the Convenor, EAMCET-2008, with regard to Question NO.114, it is stated as hereunder: "... The correct answer for the question is moln/[16r]. However, in the A options given the correct answer do not exists. Though all other terms are correct there is a missing of letter 'n' in option (3) which is not the printing error but it was in the manuscript. Now the petitioner calims that, option (3) is correct with missing letter of n. In his opinion the candidate has to assume there is "n' in option (3 which does not exist,. This indicate how ignorant is the petitioner in analyzing the question paper and evaluation process of EAMCET and desperately trying to question the final key without clear understanding of the importance of examination and subject." Apparently, the letter "n' is missing in 'option-3' and the candidate is not expected to assume the presence of letter "n' and mark it as a correct one. 26. For the foregoing discussion, I do not see any substance in the contentions of the petitioners. 27. Accordingly, both the writ petitions are devoid of merits and are dismissed. No costs.