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2009 DIGILAW 1213 (KER)

Mony @ Suresh Kumar v. State of Kerala

2009-12-18

V.RAMKUMAR

body2009
Judgment : In this appeal filed under Sec.374(2) Cr.P.C by accused Nos.1, 2 and 4 in Sessions Case No.150 of 1998 on the file of the Court of the Sessions Judge, Wayanad at Kalpetta, they challenge the conviction entered and the sentence passed against them for an offence punishable under Section 498A I.P.C. The 3rd accused was acquitted by the Court below of all the charges levelled against her. 2. The case of the prosecution can be summarised as follows:- The marriage between Sunitha aged 18 years and Suresh Kumar (the first accused) aged 23 years was on 9-2-1996. While Sunitha was residing in her matrimonial home at Kaniyampatta in Vythiri Taluk of Wayanad District, on account of the harassment and ill-treatment meeted out to her by A1 to A4 namely, husband, mother-in-law and two sisters-in-law of Sunitha in connection with their demand for further dowry, Sunitha committed suicide at about 4 p.m. on 26.4.1996 by consuming poison. The accused persons have thereby committed offences punishable under Sections 498A and 304B read with Sec. 34 I.P.C. 3. On the accused persons pleading not guilty to the charge framed against them by the court below for the aforementioned offences the prosecution was permitted to adduce evidence in support of its case. The prosecution altogether examined 15 witnesses as P.Ws 1 to 15 and got marked 8 documents as Exts. P1 to P8 and 10 material objects as Mos 1 to 10. 4. After the close of the prosecution evidence, the accused were questioned under Sec.313 (1) (b) Cr.P.C. with regard to the incriminating circumstances appearing against them in the evidence for the prosecution. They denied those circumstances and maintained their innocence. They filed a written statement to the following effect:- "The accused are residing in their house at Kambalakkad. A1 (Suresh) is the youngest member of the family. He was employed in the diamond factory at Kambalakkad. Since their mother was getting older day by day all of them wished to see him a married man. When the grandmother of deceased Sunitha died, accused Nos. 2, 3 and 4 had been to their house. From there they saw Sunitha and found the girl appropriate for Suresh (A1). They told Suresh about Sunitha. They told this fact to Janardhanan (P.W.6) a common friend and well-wisher. When the grandmother of deceased Sunitha died, accused Nos. 2, 3 and 4 had been to their house. From there they saw Sunitha and found the girl appropriate for Suresh (A1). They told Suresh about Sunitha. They told this fact to Janardhanan (P.W.6) a common friend and well-wisher. When the matter was presented before P.W.2 (Kesavan Nair) the father of Sunitha, he told P.W.6 that they were financially very poor and Sunitha was only studying. Thereafter A1 accompanied by his friend Varghesekutty went to see the girl. A1 liked Sunitha. Accused Nos.2 to 4 also liked Sunitha. Accordingly yielding to the pressure of accused Nos.2 to 4 A1 agreed to give Sunitha in marriage to A1. There was absolutely no demand for ornaments or money from the side of the accused. On the contrary, noticing the financial difficulties of P.W.2, after the marriage fixing ceremony the accused persons went to the house of Sunitha and gave her gold ornaments weighing 6 ¼ sovereigns. That apart, they also offered to conduct the marriage in a temple near their house and volunteered to conduct the feast in connection with the marriage in their house. It was the accused who printed and distributed the invitation cards for both the families. After the marriage also every member of the family of the accused was treating Sunitha with great love and affection. Suresh (A1) was having a motor cycle even prior to his marriage. Until the death of Sunitha, both of them used to go out on the said motor cycle. Occasionally both of them used to pay a visit to the house of Sunitha and would stay there. However, Sunitha was not moving about freely in her matrimonial home. She was not in the habit of talking freely with the members of her husband's family. She preferred to be alone and was always in a pensive mood. When asked about the reason she was not giving any reply. At times Sunitha used to complain of stomach ache. On those occasions A1 used to take her to the hospital. While so, Sunitha became pregnant. She also developed vomiting and morning sickness in connection with her pregnancy. She was taken to Fathima Hospital in that connection. On realizing that she was pregnant every member of the family of the accused were immensely happily. On those occasions A1 used to take her to the hospital. While so, Sunitha became pregnant. She also developed vomiting and morning sickness in connection with her pregnancy. She was taken to Fathima Hospital in that connection. On realizing that she was pregnant every member of the family of the accused were immensely happily. However, Sunitha had a feeling that it could have been postponed till a date after her examination. Her mother's opinion was also the same. After discharge from Fathima Hospital for the vomiting in connection with pregnancy, Suresh had taken Sunitha to her house on 21-4-1996. Thereafter on 24-4-1996 he took her back to the matrimonial home. On 26-4-1996 accused Nos.1 and 3 had gone to work as usual. In the evening Sunitha started vomiting. It was initially felt that the vomiting was the usual vomiting in connection with her pregnancy. After the 3rd accused came home from her work place it was decided to take Sunitha to the hospital and to inform Suresh for which purpose the help of P.W.1 (Moidu) was sought. On the advice of Moidu and Krishnan Kutty (PW.3), A3 went to Kambalakkad Police Station and reported the matter. A jeep was fetched with the help of police. Sunitha was taken to the nearby Minsha Hospital in the Jeep. From there the doctor examined her and advised that it would be better to take her to Fathima Hospital. Accordingly, Sunitha was taken to Fathima Hospital. By that time Suresh had also reached there. Sunitha died from the said hospital. On the next day her dead body was taken to her house and cremated. Suresh and others had taken part in the funeral. At that time nobody in the house of Sunitha had any sort of misunderstanding against the accused. Subsequently they have foisted the present case at the instance of some interested persons. It was an arranged marriage and contrary to the custom in the community that the brides people have to meet the expenses of the marriage, it was the accused who met the expenses. They had not put Sunitha any sort of discomfort leave alone any harassment. They are innocent. It was years after the death of Sunitha that the motor cycle of Suresh was sold. The documents pertaining to the same are being produced. 5. They had not put Sunitha any sort of discomfort leave alone any harassment. They are innocent. It was years after the death of Sunitha that the motor cycle of Suresh was sold. The documents pertaining to the same are being produced. 5. Since this was not a case of no evidence for the prosecution, the court below did not record an order of acquittal under Sec. 232 Cr.P.C. The accused did not adduce any defence evidence when called upon to enter on their defence. 6. The learned Sessions Judge, after trial, as per judgment dated 2-1-2002 acquitted A3 of all the offences and acquitted the appellants (A1, A2 and A4) of the offence punishable under Section 304(B) I.P.C but convicted them of the offence punishable under Sec.498 A I.P.C. For the said conviction each of them was sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for two years and to pay fine of Rs.5,000/-and on default to pay the fine to suffer rigorous imprisonment for six months. The fine amount was directed to be paid as compensation to P.W.2 the father of Sunitha under Sec.357 (1)(b) Cr.P.C. It is the said judgment which is assailed in this Appeal. 7. I heard Advocate Sri. A.K. Sreenivasan, the learned counsel appearing for the appellant and Adv. Sri C.M. Nazar, the learned Public Prosecutor who defended the State. 8. The only point which arises for consideration in this appeal is as to whether the conviction entered and the sentence passed against the appellant are sustainable or not? THE POINT THE PROSECUTION WITNESSES 9. P.W.1 (Moidu) is a neighbour to the matrimonial home of Sunitha (the deceased) in this case. He has close association with the house of the accused. However, he was examined for the limited purpose of proving Ext.P1 inquest report. 10. P.W.2 (Kesavan Nair) is the father of deceased Sunitha. 11. P.W.3 (Krishnankutty) is a neighbour. It was he who gave Ext.P4 F1. Statement to Kambalakkad Police on 26-4-1996. 12. P.W.4 (Venugopalan @ Venu) is the uncle of deceased Sunitha. 13. P.W.5 (Jayalekhmi) is the mother of Sunitha and wife of P.W.2. 14. P.W.6. (Janardhanan) is a clerk in the District Educational Office, Vythiri and he acted as the broker for the marriage between Sunitha and Suresh (A1). 15. P.W.7 (Devasya) is a neighbour at Anjukunnu which is the native place of Sunitha. 13. P.W.5 (Jayalekhmi) is the mother of Sunitha and wife of P.W.2. 14. P.W.6. (Janardhanan) is a clerk in the District Educational Office, Vythiri and he acted as the broker for the marriage between Sunitha and Suresh (A1). 15. P.W.7 (Devasya) is a neighbour at Anjukunnu which is the native place of Sunitha. On getting news about the illness of Sunitha he went in his jeep to Kambalakkad. 16. P.W.8 (Nazar) is a witness to Ext.P5 scene mahazar. Besides proving the scene mahazar, this witness says that A1 had his own motor cycle at the time of marriage and occurrence. 17. P.W.9 (Dr. Vijayakumar) proved Ext.P6 post mortem certificate as per which after getting Ext.P7 report of the viscera and blood of Sunitha he opined that she died of phorate poison. 18. P.W.10 (Mohan Kumar) is the police constable, who took MO1 nail clippings of Sunitha and handed over the same to the investigating Officer. 19. P.W.11 (Krishnan) was the head constable of Kamblakkad police Station who recorded Ext.P4 F.I. Statement of P.W.3 on 26-4-1996 and registered Ext.P4 (a) F.I.R. It reached the Executive Magistrate, Sulthan Bathery on 4-5-1996. 20. P.W.12 (Padmanabhan) was the Tahsildar who held the inquest over the dead body of Sunitha from the mortuary of Fathima Matha Hospital, Kalpetta. Ext.P1 is the inquest report. It reached the Sub Divisional magistrate on 30-4-1996. 21. P.W.13 (Maniyamma) was the woman police Sub Inspector, Kalpetta who accompanied P.W.12. She also proved Ext.P5 scene mahazar. 22. P.W.14 (K.C. Balakrishnan) who was the Circle Inspector of Meenangadi conducted the investigation after verifying the investigation conducted by P.W.13. 23. P.W.15 (M.V. Somasundaran) was the Dy.S.P. Kalpetta who conducted further investigation of the case. 24. The prosecution relies on the testimony of PWs 2 to 6 to unfold its case. Hence, it is necessary to consider the evidence of the aforesaid witnesses. ANALYSIS OF THE ORAL EVIDENCE OF THE MAIN WITNESSES 25. PW2 (Kesavan Nair) is a resident of Anjukunnu in Mananthavady Taluk of Wayanad District. He ekes his livelihood by selling milk. He is financially not very sound. Sunitha who was aged 18 years in the year 1996, was one of his two daughters. The marriage between Sunitha and the 1st accused was solemnized on 09.02.1996 at Pongini temple near the house of the accused. He ekes his livelihood by selling milk. He is financially not very sound. Sunitha who was aged 18 years in the year 1996, was one of his two daughters. The marriage between Sunitha and the 1st accused was solemnized on 09.02.1996 at Pongini temple near the house of the accused. A2 is the mother of A1, A3 and A4 of whom A1 is the youngest who was aged 23 years in the year 1996. A3 and A4 are the daughters. The marriage of Sunitha and A1 was an arranged marriage. A2 to A4 had asked PW2 whether he was willing to give his daughter in marriage to A1. PW2 then told them about his financial condition. Still, the accused wanted the alliance. A1 and his friend one Varghesekutty came and saw Sunitha. Even though PW2 wanted to give Sunitha in marriage only after she completed her Pre-degree, the accused were in a hurry to conduct the marriage. PW6, Janardhanan came and told PW2 that A1 liked the girl and had expressed his desire to marry her. Sunitha was then aged only 18 years and was studying in the 2nd year P.D.C. The accused had not demanded any gold ornaments or dowry. As per their custom, the marriage expenses are to be borne by the bride's SIDE. But even the invitation cards for the bride's side were got printed by the accused. On the date of marriage, the mid-day feast in connection with the marriage was not conducted in the bride's residence, but was conducted in the house of the accused. The documents which were in his possession to show that he had given ornaments worth 10 sovereigns to Sunitha, were taken away by the Circle Inspector of Police, Meenangady. His statement to the police as per Ext.D1 was that the ornaments of Sunitha were brand new and they were purchased by her uncles and PW2's younger brother. P.W.2, however, denied Ext.D1 statement given to the police. PW2 does not know the reason as to why his statement before the police does not say that D2 and D4 had demanded Rs.10,000/- towards the marriage expenses. It was D2 and D4 who had demanded the said amount towards the marriage expenses. As against the demand of Rs.15,000/-, he could give only Rs.10,000/- and that was given only on 07.02.1996 which was two days prior to the marriage. It was D2 and D4 who had demanded the said amount towards the marriage expenses. As against the demand of Rs.15,000/-, he could give only Rs.10,000/- and that was given only on 07.02.1996 which was two days prior to the marriage. After the marriage, Sunitha went to her matrimonial home at Kaniyampatta. After three or four days, she along with A1 came to PW2's house at Anjukunnu and stayed there for a day. Next day they returned to Kaniyampatta and the accused persons and Sunitha thereafter came to PW2's house after about 1 ½ weeks. They returned on the same day. Thereafter, A1 and Sunitha used to come and stay with PW2 frequently. During those days, Sunitha used to mention about the mental harassment which was meted out to her in her matrimonial home. The accused persons used to harass her saying that her ornaments were not enough. Sunitha had come and stayed with PW2 several times. A1 wanted Rs.10,000/- to purchase a scooter for going to his factory at Kambalakkad. PW2 was unable to give that amount. Sunitha was taken by A1 to PW2's house for Vishu. Thereafter, on the next day PW2 took her back to the matrimonial home. After Vishu, Sunitha developed a morning sickness in connection with pregnancy. She was vomiting frequently. A1 got her admitted in the Fathima Matha Hospital, Kalpetta. PW2 and his brothers-in-law had gone and meet her in the hospital. She was later discharged from the hospital and she returned to her matrimonial home. On 21.04.1996, A1 took Sunitha to the house of PW2 and left her there saying that the relationship between Sunitha and A1's mother and sisters was not very cordial. After two or three days, A1 took her back. It was on 26.04.1996 that Sunitha committed suicide by consuming poison. On getting news to the effect that Sunitha was admitted in the hospital, when PW2 and his brother-in-law went there, Sunitha was already dead. 26. PW3, Krishnankutty is a neighbour of the accused at Kaniyampatta. On hearing loud screams from the house of the accused on 26.04.1996, PW3 went there and found A3 holding Sunitha and crying loudly. When PW3 enquired A3 about the reason, she told him that Sunitha was vomiting vigorously for the past few days. 26. PW3, Krishnankutty is a neighbour of the accused at Kaniyampatta. On hearing loud screams from the house of the accused on 26.04.1996, PW3 went there and found A3 holding Sunitha and crying loudly. When PW3 enquired A3 about the reason, she told him that Sunitha was vomiting vigorously for the past few days. A3 then ran to the Kambalakkad Police Station which was only 100 metres away and called for a jeep using the telephone in the Police Station. Sunitha was first taken to Minsha Hospital at Kambalakka. The doctor there examined her and he was unable to manage the case there. Sunitha was then taken to Fathima Matha Hospital at Kalpetta. The doctor in that hospital after examining Sunitha, pronounced her dead. PW3 then went to the Kambalakkad Police Station and gave Ext.P4 F.I Statement. Prior to the death of Sunitha, P.W3 used to hear loud noises and commotion from the house of the accused. P.W.3 admitted that PW1, (Moidu) is the closest neighbour of the accused. 27. PW4, Venugopalan, is the maternal uncle of Sunitha. He had attended both the marriage fixing ceremony as well as the marriage of Sunitha. This witness also admitted that there was no decision to give any dowry to A1. One day after the marriage fixing ceremony of Sunitha, Moidu (PW1), the immediate neighbour of the accused told him that the accused had asked him twice to request PW4 to go to the house of the accused. Accordingly, this witness along with PW2 went to the house of the accused. A2 and A4 i.e., the mother-in-law and one of the sisters-in-law of Sunitha told them that they have to give them Rs.10,000/-towards the marriage expenses. Both PWs 2 and 4 promised to give the said amount. A2 and A4 also told them that the ornaments of Sunitha were not enough. PW4 confessed that he did not say so when questioned by the police. Before the marriage, PW4 along with PW2 and one Sivan had been to the house of the accused and they gave Rs.10,000/-to A2, the mother of A1. After the marriage of Sunitha, PW4 and the parents of Sunitha had paid a visit to the house of the accused. During the said visit, A2 and A4 told them that Sunitha does not know cooking and that Sunitha should have been taught all these things right from her childhood. After the marriage of Sunitha, PW4 and the parents of Sunitha had paid a visit to the house of the accused. During the said visit, A2 and A4 told them that Sunitha does not know cooking and that Sunitha should have been taught all these things right from her childhood. PW4 confessed that he did not tell this to the police when questioned. On the next day, after the Vishu in the year 1996, A1 had got Sunitha admitted in Fathima Matha Hospital for intense vomiting in connection with pregnancy. PW4 had then visited her in the hospital. At that time, Sunitha complained to PW4 that A2 and A4 were scolding her and harassing her frequently. He had told this to the police as well but he does not know why his statement to the police is silent about this. He had contributed Rs.4,000/-for buying ornaments for Sunitha. His brother also had contributed. The marriage proposal for Sunitha came from the side of the accused. They very well knew about the financially vulnerable position of PW2. 28. PW5, Jayalakshmi is the mother of Sunitha. After the marriage of Sunitha and A1, they had come to her house on the Vishnu day in 1996. A1 returned on the same day, but Sunitha stayed back for the day. During night, Sunitha narrated to PW5 about the harassment of A2 and A4. She told PW5 that A2 and A4 used to say that Sunitha does not know the domestic chores and that her ornaments were not enough. Next day PW2 took Sunitha to her matrimonial home. On 21.04.1996, A1 had brought Sunitha to the house of PW2 saying that A2 and A4 were scolding Sunitha continuously. A1, therefore, wanted Sunitha to stay with her parents for three or four days. During her stay, Sunitha told PW5 that A2 and A4 were harassing her saying that she does not know cooking and she does not have sufficient ornaments. PW5 and others had told Janardhanan (PW6) about the cruelty meted out to Sunitha by her in-laws and Janardhanan had talked to the accused about it. PW5 confessed that if these things are not seen stated in her statement to the police, she has nothing to say. Sunitha used to get acute stomach ache whenever she ate oily food and she used to be hospitalized for that. PW5 confessed that if these things are not seen stated in her statement to the police, she has nothing to say. Sunitha used to get acute stomach ache whenever she ate oily food and she used to be hospitalized for that. They wanted to conduct Sunitha's marriage only after her studies. But the accused persons were pressing for the marriage. 29. PW6, Janardhanan is a clerk in the D.E.O. Office at Vythiri. He was instrumental for the marriage between Sunitha and A1. When on the Sivarathri day in March, 1995, PW6 had been to the house of the accused, A2 told him that they were in search of a girl for A1 and requested PW6 to find out a suitable match for A1. At that time, PW6 mentioned about Sunitha, the daughter of PW2. An informal understanding was thereafter arrived at to conduct the marriage between A1 and Sunitha before December that year. In the month of December, a ceremony of fixing the marriage was held in the house of PW2. PW6 had also participated in that ceremony. On that day, there was absolutely no demand for dowry. Subsequently, the marriage between Sunitha and A1 was solemnized on a Friday in the month of February, 1996 from the Pongini temple. After two months of the marriage, when he once meet A1, the latter told him that he was fed up with the harassment of Sunitha by his mother and sisters and that he had left Sunitha in her house. PW6 then requested him not to take it seriously and consoled him that they would solve the problem amicably. Accordingly, on a Monday about three or four days prior to the death of Sunitha, he went to the house of the accused. A2 and A4 alone were there in that house at that time. PW6 asked them to go and bring back Sunitha. A2 and A4 complained that Sunitha was not knowing the domestic chores and Sunitha was disobedient and Sunitha was trying to alienate A1 from the rest of his family members. The 4th accused who is the eldest sister of A1 told him that A1 was brought up by her right from his childhood and he had beaten her in the presence of Sunitha. P.W.6 returned from that house and 3 or 4 days thereafter he came to know that Sunitha had died by consuming poison. The 4th accused who is the eldest sister of A1 told him that A1 was brought up by her right from his childhood and he had beaten her in the presence of Sunitha. P.W.6 returned from that house and 3 or 4 days thereafter he came to know that Sunitha had died by consuming poison. P.W.6 denied Ext.D4 statement given by him to the police to the effect that there were discordant notes between the mother and sisters of A1 and they used to quarrel each other. P.W.6 had no comments to be offered to the omission in his statement to the police that there was difference of opinion between Sunitha on the one side and A1's mother and sisters on the other. The most serious thing which struck him was the complaint by A4 that A1 had beaten her in the presence of Sunitha. But P.W.6 did not ask A1 about this. JUDICIAL EVALUATION 30. If we go by the testimony of P.W.2 the demand of Rs.10,000/- towards marriage expenses cannot by any stretch of imagination be taken as a demand for dowry. It is an admitted fact that as per the custom of the community the marriage expenses were to be borne by the bride's side but it was the accused who met the marriage expenses. Even the mid-day feast was conducted in the residence of the accused. The marriage itself was solemnized in a temple near the house of the accused. It was the accused who had printed the invitation cards for the use of the bride's side. It has been admitted by all the prosecution witnesses that there was no demand for dowry from the side of the accused either before or after the marriage. Even the alleged scolding of Sunitha by A2 and A4 was by saying that her ornaments were not enough and that she did not know cooking. There was no demand for any further amount or any more ornaments. The alleged demand of Rs.10,000/-by A1 for buying a Scooter as spoken to by P.W.2 does not find a place in his statement to the police. On the contrary, the defence evidence shows that A1 was having a brand new motorcycle even at the time of marriage. If so, it does not stand to reason that he would have demanded Rs.10,000/-from P.W.2 for buying a Scooter. On the contrary, the defence evidence shows that A1 was having a brand new motorcycle even at the time of marriage. If so, it does not stand to reason that he would have demanded Rs.10,000/-from P.W.2 for buying a Scooter. The financial condition of P.W.2 was not very sound. He ekes his livelihood by selling milk for which he is rearing a couple of cows. That was the reason why the accused persons volunteered to bear the expenses for the marriage. Bu the mother and elder sister (A2 and A4) of A1 subsequently claimed contribution from P.W.2. In spite of his poverty when A2 and A4 wanted Rs.10,000/-towards marriage expenses, P.W.2 somehow managed the amount and gave the same to A2 two days prior to the marriage. When as per the custom of the community it was for P.W.2 to bear the expenses of the marriage and when the marriage was conducted by the accused at their own expense, there is nothing strange on the part of P.W.2 in complying with the demand for contribution towards the marriage expenses. But it can hardly be called a demand for dowry or any unlawful demand as contemplated by Sec.498 A I.P.C. 31. Even assuming that A2 and A4 used to make comments about Sunitha not knowing cooking or that her ornaments were not enough, I fail to see as to how such comments could amount to matrimonial cruelty when the fact remains that there was no demand for any amount towards dowry or any further ornaments. It may be true that Sunitha was too young and immature to be given away in marriage, particularly, when she was only studying in the 2nd Pre-degree class at that time. Hence, if she did not know cooking, her inexperience might have evoked some criticism by her in-laws. Such criticism and trivial bickering may occur in every household. They can hardly be characterized as acts of matrimonial cruelty so as to impel Sunitha to commit suicide. In this context, it is pertinent to remember that P.W.5 the mother of Sunitha has deposed before Court that Sunitha used to get acute stomach ache when she ate oily food. Soon after the marriage, Sunitha had been admitted in the Fathima Matha Hospital at Kelpetta by A1 due to vomiting. In this context, it is pertinent to remember that P.W.5 the mother of Sunitha has deposed before Court that Sunitha used to get acute stomach ache when she ate oily food. Soon after the marriage, Sunitha had been admitted in the Fathima Matha Hospital at Kelpetta by A1 due to vomiting. The vomiting was acute and continuous and if it was in connection with pregnancy, probably it was the first experience for Sunitha in her life. We really do not know as to what was the immediate provocation Sunitha to end her life within 2 ½ months of her marriage. If Sunitha was complaining of any unbearably cruel comments by her in-laws in the matrimonial home right from her first visit to her ancestral home, no sensible father or mother would send her back to her matrimonial home. But in this case, every time Sunitha went back to her matrimonial home happily and ungrudgingly. If so, there is no discernible reason as to why Sunitha all of a sudden decided to end her life. Every body in her family including Sunitha was not really prepared for the marriage. Sunitha had not even completed her pre-degree course. She was aged only 18 at that time. It was the accused who were desperately in search of an alliance for A1 and who were in a hurry to see that A1 was married to Sunitha. We do not know whether it was the unsavouring remarks made by her in-laws or her disappointment in not being able to complete her pre-degree course or even a feeling that her consent was not formally obtained before the marriage which acted as the immediate stimulus for her to end her life. But certainly, there was no objectionable or willful conduct of such magnitude attributable to any of the accused persons to impel Sunitha to take the extreme step of committing suicide. Every woman is expected to withstand the usual stresses and strains in the matrimonial home. No bride is expected to be so chickenhearted as to get upset at the slightest provocation or ridicule. If Sunitha was a hyper sensitive girl who would not even tolerate a criticism, insinuation, innuendo or utterances with a sting or by way of a joke, well, the accused cannot be blamed if Sunitha did not take it lightly or sportingly but instead, took the extreme step of committing suicide. If Sunitha was a hyper sensitive girl who would not even tolerate a criticism, insinuation, innuendo or utterances with a sting or by way of a joke, well, the accused cannot be blamed if Sunitha did not take it lightly or sportingly but instead, took the extreme step of committing suicide. The early pregnancy of Sunitha coupled with the nauseating, morning sickness attended by intensive vomiting also might have acted as a trigger to induce her to take the extreme step in life. 32. The causes which drive a woman to commit suicide are varied and at times obscure. At page 1516 of the 4th Edition of the Text Book of Clinical Psychiatry by Robert E. Hales and Stuart G. Yudofsky, it is observed as follows:- "Approximately 10% of pregnant women experiences major or minor depression, a rate similar to that of non-pregnant women. Depression during pregnancy is associated with poor prenatal care, inadequate nutrition, a significantly elevated risk of postpartum depression (O'Hara 1995), suicide, incidence of preterm deliveries and small-for-gestational-age babies (Steer et al, 1992). When depressive symptoms are mild or moderate, it is reasonable to employ non pharmacological modalities such as individual or conjoint psychotherapy and stress reduction counselling. If the patient has severe symptoms that do not improve with non pharmacological means and pose a threat to herself or the pregnancy (i.e. she is suicidal, psychotic, or not gaining weight), it may be necessary to initiate a trial of pharmacotherapy. Whenever possible antidepressant medications should be withheld at lease during the first trimester, when major organogenesis occurs. However, this may not be possible if a women is experiencing severe depression or if she has a history of chronic depression with severe relapses following medication discontinuation. When a medication is used during pregnancy, the dosage should be kept at the minimum necessary for symptom control". Felo de se or suicide is where a person of the age of discretion and compos mentis, voluntarily kills himself by stabbing, poison, hanging or any other way and it was a felony at common law. (Vide Smt. Gian Kaur etc. v. State of Punjab (1996) 3 Supreme 1). Suicide means self-killing and it conveys the idea of voluntary, intentional self-destruction. Suicide known no barrier of race, religion, caste, age or sex. Various social forces like the economy, religion and socio-economic status are responsible for suicides. (Vide Smt. Gian Kaur etc. v. State of Punjab (1996) 3 Supreme 1). Suicide means self-killing and it conveys the idea of voluntary, intentional self-destruction. Suicide known no barrier of race, religion, caste, age or sex. Various social forces like the economy, religion and socio-economic status are responsible for suicides. There are various theories like sociological, psychological, bio-chemical and environmental theories of suicide. Some owe their origin to sentiments of exasperation, frustration, and revolution. Some are the result of a feeling of burden, torture and sadness. Some are caused by loss of employment, reverse of fortune, misery due to illness, family trouble and thwarted love. Some times killing is in opposition to society and sometimes in opposition to particular persons. This happens when the person committing suicide nurses a feeling of unjust treatment, maltreatment and cruelty. Mental diseases and imbalances are unbearable physical ailments, affliction by socially dreaded diseases, decrepit physical condition disabling the person from taking normal care of his body and perform the normal chores, the loss of all senses or of desire for the pleasures of any of the senses, extremely cruel or unbearable conditions of life making it painful to live, a sense of shame or disgrace or a need to defend one' honour or a sheer loss of interest in life or disenchantment with it or a sense of fulfillment of the purpose for which one was born with nothing more left to do or to be achieved and a genuine urge to quit the world at the proper moment etc. are some of the various causes which lead people to commit suicide. (See paragraphs 15, 68A and 69 etc. in P. Rathinam v. Union of India 1994 AIR SCW 1764). At page 179 of Abnormal Psychology by James A Page, the learned author observes as follows:- "Dynamics of Behaviour:- Freud recognized two fundamental motivating forces; the constructive life urges and the destructive death urges. Drawing upon Greek mythology, he christened the life forces Eros and the death forces Thanatos. These psychic drives find physiological representation in the anabolic or building-up, and catabolic or destructive, processes of body tissues. The aim of the death urges is to injure, destroy and kill, as manifested in hate, aggression, murder and suicide". Drawing upon Greek mythology, he christened the life forces Eros and the death forces Thanatos. These psychic drives find physiological representation in the anabolic or building-up, and catabolic or destructive, processes of body tissues. The aim of the death urges is to injure, destroy and kill, as manifested in hate, aggression, murder and suicide". In Kunchu v. State – 1986 KLT (SN) 17 a Division Bench of this Court observed as follows:- "When ladies are faced with disappointments in life or find their environment so unhealthy or unhappy, it is possible that they become desperate and decide to end their life forgetful of the consequences. Suicide is a means of handling aggressive impulses generated by frustration. Feelings of revenge can also be associated with it. Sensitive and sentimental women when they are tried of life fie to unexpected behaviour from relations can become desperate to any extent. The spirit of revenge can even force them to commit suicide with a view to destroy those who are considered responsible for their maladies in life. The feeling of helplessness in future life and the gloomy future are factors which could prompt a lady to do the extreme". In Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra – (1984 4 SCC 116) the Apex Court has observed as follows:- "40. Thus, from the recitals in the letters we can safely hold that there was a clear possibility and a tendency on her part to commit suicide due to desperation and frustration. She seems to be tired of her married life, but she still hoped against hope that things might improve. At any rate, the fact that she may have committed suicide cannot be safely excluded or eliminated. It may be that her husband may have murdered her but when two views are reasonably possible the benefit must go to the accused. In order to buttress our opinion, we would like to cite some passages of an eminent psychiatrist, Robert J. Kastenbaum where in his book Death, Society and Human Experience he analyses the causes, the circumstances, the moods and emotions which may drive a person to commit suicide. The learned author has written that a person who psychotic in nature and suffers from depression and frustration is more prone to commit suicide than any other person. The learned author has written that a person who psychotic in nature and suffers from depression and frustration is more prone to commit suicide than any other person. In support of our view, we extract certain passages from his book: The fact is that some people who commit suicide can be classified as psychotic or severely disturbed. (p.242) If we are concerned with the probability of suicide in every large populations, then mental and emotional disorder is a relevant variable to consider. (p.243) And it is only through a gross distortion of the actual circumstances that one could claim all suicides are enacted in a spell of madness. (p.243) Seen in these terms suicide is simply one of the ways in which a relatively weak member of society loses out in the jungle like struggle. (p.243) The individual does not destroy himself in hope of thereby achieving a noble postmortem reputation or a place among the eternally blessed. Instead he wishes to subtract himself from a life whose quality seems a worse evil than death. (p.245) The newly awakened spirit of hope and progress soon became shadowed by a sense of disappointment and resignation that, it sometimes seemed, only death could swallow. (p.245) Revenge fantasies and their association with suicide are well known to people who give ear to those in emotional distress. (p.251) People who attempt suicide for reasons other than revenge may also act on the assumption that, in a sense, they will survive the death to benefit by its effect. **** **** ***** The victim of suicide may also be the victim of self-expectations that have not been fulfilled. The sense of disappointment and frustration may have much in common with that experienced by the person who seeks revenge through suicide .... However, for some people a critical moment arrives when the discrepancy is experienced as too glaring and painful to be tolerated. If something has to go it may be the person himself, not the perhaps excessively high standards by which the judgment has been made ...... Warren Breed and his colleagues found that a sense of failure is prominent among many people who take their own lives. (p. 252) 41. The above observations are fully applicable to the case of Manju. If something has to go it may be the person himself, not the perhaps excessively high standards by which the judgment has been made ...... Warren Breed and his colleagues found that a sense of failure is prominent among many people who take their own lives. (p. 252) 41. The above observations are fully applicable to the case of Manju. She solemnly believed that her holy union with her husband would bring health and happiness to her but unfortunately it seems to have ended in a melancholy marriage which in view of the circumstances detailed above, left her so lonely and created so much of emotional disorder resulting from frustration and pessimism that she was forced to end her life. There can be no doubt that Manju was not only a sensitive and sentimental woman but has extremely impressionate (sic) and the letters show that a constant conflict between her mind and body was going on and unfortunately the circumstances which came into existence hastened her end. People with such a psychotic philosophy or bent of mind always dream of an ideal and if the said ideal fails, the failure drives them to end their life, for they feel that no charm is left in their life. 42. Mary K. Hinchliffe, Douglas Hooper and F. John Roberts in their book The Melancholy Marriage observe that - Studies of attempted suicide cases have also revealed the high incidence of marital problems which lie behind the act. In our own study of 100 consecutive cases (Robers and Hooper 1969) we found that most of them could be understood if the patients' interactions with others in their environment were considered (p.5) 43. Such persons possess a peculiar psychology which instills extreme love and devotion but when they are faced with disappointment or find their environment so unhealthy or unhappy, they seem to lose all the charms of life. The authors while describing these sentiments observe thus: "Hopelessness", "despair", "lousy" and "miserable" draw attention to the relationship of the depressed person to his environment. The articulate depressed person will often also struggle to put into words the fact that not only does there appear to be no way forward and thus no point to life – but that the world actually looks different". (p.7) 44. The articulate depressed person will often also struggle to put into words the fact that not only does there appear to be no way forward and thus no point to life – but that the world actually looks different". (p.7) 44. Coleridge in "Ode to Dejection" in his usual ironical manner has very beautifully explained the sentiments of such persons thus: I see them all so excellently fair -- I see, not feel, how beautiful they are; 45. At another place the authors (Hinchliffe, Hooper, and John) come to the final conclusion that ruptured personal relationships play a major part in the clinical picture and in this connection observed thus: Initially we applied these ideas to study of cases of attempted suicide (Roberts and Hooper 1969) and although we did not assume that they were all necessarily depressed, we looked for distal and proximal causes for their behaviors and found that ruptured personal relationships played a major part in the clinical picture". (P.50) It is thus, difficult to find out the exact motivating factor which impelled Sunitha to commit suicide. 33. There is yet another reason why the statements of the prosecution witnesses about the alleged matrimonial cruelty cannot be accepted. Most of the witnesses including the parents of Sunitha would say that it was Sunitha who, during her stays in their house after marriage, told them about the acts of matrimonial cruelty meted out to her by A1, A2 and A4. The statements of Sunitha to these witnesses, in the normal course, would be hearsay and hit by Sec.60 of the Evidence Act. But they were sought to be made relevant and admissible by calling into aid Sec.32(1) of the Evidence Act. No doubt, judicial interpretation of the words "circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death" occurring in Section 32(1) has made the said provision wide enough to include even acts of cruelty. But then, the statement of a deceased person so as to become admissible under Sec.32(1) has to be in a case where the cause of that person's death comes into question. Even though the present case, the initial charge was for offences punishable under Sections 498A and 304B read with Sec.34 I.P.C. now after the acquittal of the accused of the offence punishable under Section 304 B I.P.C. the case stands confined to the alleged offence punishable under Sec.498A only. Even though the present case, the initial charge was for offences punishable under Sections 498A and 304B read with Sec.34 I.P.C. now after the acquittal of the accused of the offence punishable under Section 304 B I.P.C. the case stands confined to the alleged offence punishable under Sec.498A only. In a prosecution under Section 498A the cause of death of the person concerned does not come into question. This aspect of the matter has been recently considered by the Apex Court in Bairon Singh v. State of Madhya Pradesh – AIR 2009 SC 2603. The question posed by the apex Court was as follows: "In a case where accused has been acquitted of the offence punishable under Sections 304-B and 306 I.P.C., and the death of wife is neither homicidal nor suicidal but accidental, whether the oral evidence of witnesses about what the deceased had told them against the accused about the treatment meted out to her is admissible under Section 32(1) of the Evidence Act to sustain conviction under Section 498 A I.P.C." This question was answered by the Apex Court in paragraph 11 as follows:- "The moot question is: whether the statements attributed to the deceased could be used as evidence for entering upon a finding that the accused subjected Ranjana Rani @ Raj Kumari to cruelty as contemplated under Section 498 A, I.P.C. In our considered view, the evidence of P.W.4 and P.W.5 about what the deceased Ranjana Rani @ Raj Kumari had told them against the accused about the torture and harassment is inadmissible under Section 32(1) of the Evidence Act and such evidence cannot be looked into for any purpose. Except Section 32 (1) of the Indian Evidence Act, there is no other provision under which the statement of a dead person can be looked into in evidence. The statement of a dead person is admissible in law if the statement is as to the cause of death or as to any of the circumstance of the transactions which resulted in her death, in a case in which the cause of death comes into question. What has been deposed by P.W.4 and P.W.5 has no connection with any circumstance of transaction which resulted in her death. The death of Smt. Ranjana Rani @ Raj Kumari was neither homicidal nor suicidal; it was accidental. What has been deposed by P.W.4 and P.W.5 has no connection with any circumstance of transaction which resulted in her death. The death of Smt. Ranjana Rani @ Raj Kumari was neither homicidal nor suicidal; it was accidental. Since for an offence under Section 498A simpliciter, the question of death is not and cannot be an issue for consideration, we are afraid the evidence of P.W.4 and P.W.5 is hardly an evidence in law to establish such offence, In that situation Section 32(1) of the Evidence Act does not get attracted. Thus the statements of cruelty made by Sunitha to the prosecution witnesses while she was alive would not fall under Section 32(1) of the Evidence Act so as to become admissible since the cause of death of Sunitha cannot come up for consideration in a prosecution under Section 498A I.P.C. 34. The conviction entered and the sentence passed by the court below overlooking the above vital aspects of the matter cannot, therefore, be sustained and are accordingly, dislodged. The appellants are, accordingly, found not guilty of the offence punishable under Section 498A I.P.C. and are acquitted of the same. They shall be set at liberty forthwith. In the result, this appeal is allowed as above. Dated this the 17th day of December, 2009.