ih- pUnz] lnL;-&izkFkhZx.k us ;g utjlkuh izkFkZuk i= blh U;k;ky; dh ekuuh; ,dyihB }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 20-4-2005 ls O;fFkr gksdj izLrqr fd;k gSA 2- ;ksX; vf/koDrk izkFkhZx.k dk dFku gS fd ekuuh; ,dyihB }kjk vkyksP; vkns'k U;kf;d izfØ;k] uSlfxZd U;k; ,oa U;kf;d fl)kUrksa ds foijhr ,drjQk cgl lqudj ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA vr% mls vikLr dj ewy fuxjkuh dks iqu% uEcj ij ysdj nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl lqudj iqu% fu.khZr djus ds funsZ'k fn;s tkosA mUgksaus utjlkuh ds izkFkZuki= esa mYysf[kr vU; vk/kkjksa dks Hkh nksgjkrs gq, vkyksP; vkns'k dks uSlfxZd ,oa U;kf;d fl)kUrksa ds foijhr gksuk dgk gSA bl fLFkfr esa mUgksaus utjlkuh dks Lohdkj djus dh izkFkZuk dh gSA mUgksaus vius rdZ ds leFkZu us 2007¼1½ vkjvkjVh ist 125 lqjs'kpUn uuksfj;k cuke jktsUnz jTtkd o vU; ds fofu.kZ; dk voyEc fy;k gS ftldk geus /;kuiwoZd ,oa lEekuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k gSA 3- blds foijhr foi{kh la[;k 1 ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us vkyksP; vkns'k dks fof/k lEer~ gksuk dgk gSA mudk dFku gS fd mDr vkns'k gksus ds mijkUr mUgksaus vkns'k dh ikyuk djrs gq, lHkh foi{khx.k dks vf/kjksfir dkLV vnk dj nh gS vkSj tokcnkok Hkh izLrqr dj fn;k gSA vr% utjlkuh izkFkZuki= dks [kkfjt fd;k tkosA 4- eSaus mHk; i{k ds ;ksX; vf/koDrkx.k ds rdksZ ij xaHkhjrk ls fopkj fd;kA lkFk gh bl U;k;ky; dh fuxjkuh dh i=koyh la[;k 1768@2005 dk ,oa vkyksP; vkns'k dk Hkh /;kuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k gSA 5- ;g lgh gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds vkns'k fnukad 13-4-2005 dh foi{kh la[;k 1 ckyfd'ku }kjk bl U;k;ky; ds le{k fuxjkuh izLrqr dh x;h Fkh] ml vkns'kkuqlkj fopkj.k U;k;ky; us mldh vksj ls izLrqr izkFkZuki= esa mYysf[kr vk/kkjksa dks vLohdkj dj [kkfjt fd;k FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa bl U;k;ky; dh fo}ku ,dyihB ds lnL; dks fuxjkuh xzg.k djus ij oknh i{k dks fulUnsg lquokbZ dk volj iznku djus ds mijkUr gh fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds vkyksP; vkns'k fnukad 13-4-2005 dks vikLr djus ij fopkj djuk pkfg;s FkkA fo}ku ,dyihB }kjk oknh i{k dks lquokbZ dk volj fn;s cxSj muds fo:) vkns'k ikfjr djus ls fulUnsg muds vf/kdkjksa ij foijhr izHkko iM+k gSA 6- eSa fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds vkyksP; vkns'k ds xq.k voxq.k ij fdlh izdkj dh fVIi.kh fd;s cxSj dsoy ek= ;gh fy[k nsuk i;kZIr le>rk gwa fd oknhx.k }kjk utjlkuh ds izkFkZuki= ds i`"B la[;k 3 dh en la[;k 2 yxk;r 10 esa mYysf[kr vk/kkjksa esa izFke n`"V;k cy izrhr gksrk gS vkSj bu vk{ksiksa ij nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl foLrkj ls lquk tkuk U;k;fgr esa vko';d gksrk gS ftl dkj.k ls eSa izkFkhZx.k oknhx.k dh utjlkuh ds izkFkZuk i= dks Lohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; le>rk gwaA 7- bl Øe esa eSa fulUnsg ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk lqjs'k uuksfj;k cuke jktsUnz jTtkd o vU; 2007¼1½ vkjvkjVh ist 125 ij Nis fofu.kZ; esa izfrikfnr fuEu fl)kUr ls llEeku lger gwa& "Natural justice is an inseparable ingredient of fairness and reasonableness. It is even said that the principles of natural justice must be read into unoccupied interstices of the statute, unless there is a clear mandate to the contrary. In the celebrated case of Cooper vs. Wandsworth Board of Works, 1963 (143) ER 44, the principles was thus stated: "Even God did not pass a sentence upon Adam, before he was called upon to make his defence `Adam', says God, `where art thou' has thou not eaten of the tree whereof I commanded thee that `thou should not eat." Since then the principle has been chiselled, honed and refined, enriching its content in Mullooh vs. Aberdeen 1971 (2) All ER 1278, it was stated: "the right of a man to be heard in his defence is the most elementary protection." Natural justice is the essence of fair adjudication, deeply rooted in tradition and conscience, to beranked as fundamental. The purpose of following the principles of natural justice is the prevention of miscarriage of justice." 8- mijksDr fl)kUr ds vk/kkj ij Hkh bl ekeys esa eSa ekurk gwa fd ekuuh; ,dyihB }kjk izkFkhZ dks lqus fcuk muds fo:) ikfjr fd;s x;s vkns'k ls muds vf/kdkjksa ij foijhr izHkko i{k gS ftl dkj.k ls eSa izkFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr bl utjlkuh dks Lohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; le>rk gwaA 9- ifj.kker% izkFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr utjlkuh izkFkZuk i= dks Lohdkj dj bl U;k;ky; dh lEekuh; ,dyihB }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 20-4-2005 dks vikLr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fuxjkuh@Vh-,-@1769@2005 ds izdj.k dks iqu% ntZ djus ds vkns'k fn;s tkrs gSA lkFk gh utjlkuh esa mifLFkr i{kdkjku dks fuxjkuh ds izdj.k esa fnukad 9-7-2009 dks mifLFkr jgus ds funsZ'k fn;s tkrs gSA fuxjkuh izdj.k dks ihB ds le{k izLrqr gksus ij vU; foi{khx.k ij uksfVl rkehy gksus ds lEcU/k esa mfpr vkns'k ikfjr fd;k tk;sxkA 10- fu.kZ; fy[kk;k tkdj lquk;k x;kA