JUDGMENT ih- pUnz] lnL;-&izkFkhZ us ;g utjlkuh dk izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr /kkjk 229 jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ds rgr v/kksgLrk{kjdrkZ }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 9-6-2009 ls O;fFkr gksdj izLrqr fd;k gSA 2- vkyksP; fu.kZ;kuqlkj vizkfFkZ;k euHkjnsoh dh vksj ls izLrqr fuxjkuh dks Lohdkj dj jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] vtesj }kjk ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 1-9-2008 dks vikLr fd;k gSA 3- ;ksX; vf/koDrk izkFkhZ us utjlkuh ;kfpdk esa mYysf[kr vk{ksiksa dks nksgjkrs gq, vkyksP; fu.kZ; dks miyC/k lk{; ,oa dkuwuh izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gksuk dgk gSA mudk eq[; rdZ ;g gS fd v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us iw.kZr% U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa ds vk/kkj ij viuk er O;Dr djrs gq, izkFkhZ }kjk izLrqr /kkjk 5 fe;kn vf/kfu;e ds izkFkZuk i= dks Lohdkj dj vihy dks xq.kkoxq.k ij lquokbZ gsrq fu;r fd;k Fkk ftls ekuuh; U;k;ky; }kjk vlR; ,oa cukoVh rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gksuk ekurs gq, vLohdkj dj [kkfjt djus esa dkuwuh Hkwy dh gSA mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd muds i{kdkj }kjk dHkh fdlh vf/koDrk dks fu;qDr gh ugha fd;k Fkk] uk gh fdlh odkyrukeksa ij gLrk{kj fd;s Fks ,oa uk gh fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa dksbZ jkthukek izLrqr fd;k FkkA bu lc ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, gh jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh }kjk /kkjk 5 fe;kn vf/kfu;e ds izkFkZuk i= dks Lohdkj dj nsjh dks {kek djus dk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k Fkk ftlesa ekuuh; U;k;ky; }kjk lkekU;r% fuxjkuh ds ek/;e ls gLr{ksi ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg;s FkkA bl fLFkfr esa vf/koDrk us utjlkuh ;kfpdk dks Lohdkj dj bl U;k;ky; dh ,dyihB }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; fnukad 9-6-09 dks vikLr dj jktLo vihy vf/kdkjh] vtesj }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukd 1-9-08 dks cgky djus dh izkFkZuk dh gSA mUgksaus vius dFkuksa ds leFkZu esa fuEu dkuwuh fofu.kZ;ksa dk voyEc fy;k gS& 1- ,vkbZvkj 1992 ,llh ist 1264 ljkstuh Vh dEiuh cuke ftyk/kh'k fMc:x< 2- MCY;w ,y lh 2003¼1½ jkt- ist 768 jkeukjk;.k o vU; cuke jktLo e.My o vU; 3- vkjvkjVh 2004¼2½ ist 758 jktLFkku jkT; cuke vejrhnsoh 4- vkjvkjVh 2007¼1½ ,plh ist 728 HkS:yky cuke vtqZu yky o vU; 5- MCY;w ,ylh 2004¼2½ jkt- ist 9 Mk- pUnzeksgu 'kekZ cuke jktLFkku jkT; o vU; 6- vkjvkjVh 2002¼1½ ist 648 ,p-lh- jktLFkku jkT; cuke ';kspUn o vU; 7- vkjvkjVh 2002¼1½ ist 53 kadj o vU; cuke nsok tfj;s mRrjkf/kdkjh o vU; 8- vkjvkjVh 2004¼1½ ist 374 % vkj-,y-MCY;w- 2004 vkjts 532 izsepUn cuke deykckbZ 9- vkjvkjVh 2008¼2½ ist 850 % vkj-,y-MCY;w- 2008¼1½ vkjts 649 ca'kh/kj o vU; cuke guqeku o vU; 10- vkjvkjVh 2007¼1½ ist 659 n;kdaoj o vU; cuke jktLo e.My o vU; 11- vkjvkjVh 2007¼1½ ist 432 ,plh gsejkt flag cuke uUnyky o vU; 12- vkjvkjVh 2005¼1½ ist 588 vthrflag cuke djrkjflag 13- vkj,yMCY;w 2005¼5½ ist 26 vpypUn lsu cuke jktLFkku jkT; o vU; 4- blds foijhr ;ksX; vf/koDrk vizkFkhZ us vkyksP; fu.kZ; dks Li"V] rdZlaxr ,oa fof/k lEer~ crkrs gq, dgk gS fd fdlh Hkh fu.kZ; ds iqujkoyksdu dk {ks=kf/kdkj cgqr gh lhfer gSA ;g U;k;ky; iwoZ esa ikfjr fd;s x;s fu.kZ; dh iqu% leh{kk rHkh dj ldrh gS tcfd mDr fu.kZ; esa tkfgjk dkuwuh =qfV ^^error apparent on the face of record" gksA vr% mUgksaus izkFkhZ dh utjlkuh ;kfpdk dks [kkfjt djus dh izkFkZuk dh gSA 5- eSaus mHk; i{kksa ds ;ksX; vf/koDrkvksa dh vksj ls izLrqr dkuwuh fofu.kZ;ksa dk /;kuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k gS ,oa rdksZ ij xaHkhjrkiwoZd fopkj fd;k gSA 6- tgka rd bl U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fdlh vkns'k ds iqufoZyksdu ds vf/kdkjksa dk iz'u gS] bl lEcU/k esa izkFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us vusd n`"VkUrksa ij voyEc fy;k gS ftldk eSus /;kuiwoZd ,oa lEekuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k gSA bl laca/k esa v/kksgLrk{kjdrkZ }kjk vusd iqufoZyksdu dh ;kfpdk,a fuLrkfjr dh x;h gS ftuesa Hkh ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ,oa ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk izfrikfnr ewyHkwr fl)kUrksa ij voyEc fy;k x;k gSA bl fcUnw ds lEcU/k esa eSa loZizFke nksuksa lEekuh; 'kh"kZ U;k;ky;ksa }kjk izfrikfnr ewyHkwr fl)kUrksa dk mYys[k djuk mfpr le>rk gwa tks fuEu izdkj ls gS& 1- lqjsUnzdqekj odhy cuke phQ ,T;wD;wfVo vkfQlj e/; izns'k 2005¼1½ vkj-vkj-Vh- ist 545 ds fofu.kZ; esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd& "A point that has been heard and decided cannot form a ground for review even if assuming that the view taken in the judgment under review is erroneous." 2- dUgS;kyky lSuh cuke LVsV vkQ jktLFkku 2005 vkjchts ¼12½ ist 290 % vkj-,y-MCY;w- 2005¼2½ vkjts 187 ¼,plh½ esa ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd& "The scope of review is very limited. It has been clearly held in a catena of cases that a judgment/order may be open to review u/O. 47 R. 1 CPC if there is a mistake or an error apparent on the face of record. An error which is not self evident and has to be detected by the process of reasoning can hardly be said to be an error apparent on the face of record justifying exercise of power of review. In exercise of jurisdiction u/O. 47 R. 1 CPC, it is not permissible for an erroneous decision to be re-heard and corrected. There is clearly distinction between `an erroneous decision' and `an error apparent on the face of record.' While the former can be corrected by higher forum, the latter can be corrected by exercise of review jurisdiction. A review petition has, therefore, a limited purpose and cannot be allowed to be an appeal in disguise." 3- jktLFkku jkT; tfj;s rglhynkj tks/kiqj cuke 'kksdr [kku esa bl U;k;ky; dh ekuuh; ,dyihB us fdlh Hkh izdj.k ds iqufoZyksdu ds fl)kUrksa ds lEcU/k esa fy[kk gS fd& "(a) Hon'ble Supreme Court and Hon'ble High Court have held in several matters that the remedy of review is not an instrument for re-examination of the facts and it cannot be utilised as an instrument for re-writing the judgment. The scope of review does not provide an opportunity of an extra appeal. It has been held that even when judgment is erroneous the scope of review is not attracted. (b) The scope of review is very limited and review is not a method of re-examination of a judgment. It does not even give any scope to the court to sit in appeal over the judgment pronounced by the same court. The scope permits only to correct the mistake which are apparent on the face of the record. Hon'ble Supreme Court in Smt. Meera Bhanja vs. Nirmala Kumari Choudhary. AIR 1995 SC page 455 clearly held that the error apparent on the face of the record should be such which should strike immediately looking at the face of the record and which does not require any long drawn process of reasoning or examination of law. The courts are not supported to re-appreciate the evidence but only restrict themselves for correction of the mistakes which are visible on the face of the record. The courts are not supported to re-appreciate the evidence but only restrict themselves for correction of the mistakes which are visible on the face of the record. In Ajit Kumar Rath vs. Orissa State AIR 2000 SC 85 , the Hon'ble Apex Court has held that the power is not absolute and it is subject to restrictions indicated in Order 47 CPC. A review cannot be claimed as a remedy for a fresh hearing or for correction of an erroneous view taken earlier. (c) The power of review can be exercised only for correction of patent error of law or fact which stares on the face without any elaborate argument being needed in establishing it. The error apparent on the face of the record is one which is self-evident and does not require a process of reasoning and it it district from erroneous decison. Reharing the matter or detecting an error in the earlier decision and then correcting the same do not fall within the ambit of the jurisdiction of review. Jurisdiction of review cannot be used as an appellate jurisdiction in disguise. Hon'ble Supreme Court in State of Haryana vs. Mohinder Singh 2003(1) WLC (SC) page 499 considered the scope of review under Order 47 Rule 1 CPC which is reproduced here:-"Civil Procedure Code, O.47 Rule 1. Jurisdiction of review cannot be used as an appellate jurisdiction in disguise. Hon'ble Supreme Court in State of Haryana vs. Mohinder Singh 2003(1) WLC (SC) page 499 considered the scope of review under Order 47 Rule 1 CPC which is reproduced here:-"Civil Procedure Code, O.47 Rule 1. Scope hearing of review does not mean giving one more chance for rehearing matter already disposed of- High Court in hearing review as if it was rehearing whole petition overstepped its limits- Order of High Court set aside and original order restored." 7- fdlh Hkh ekeys ds iqufoZyksdu ds lEcU/k esa ekuuh; 'kh"kZ U;k;ky; }kjk izfrikfnr mijksDr mYysf[kr ewyHkwr fl)kUrksa ds n`f"Vdks.k ls tc eSusa izkFkhZ }kjk bl ;kfpdk esa mBkbZ xbZ vkifRr;ksa ij /;kuiwoZd ,oa xaHkhjrkiwoZd v/;;u ,oa ewY;kadu fd;k gS rks eSa ikrk gwa fd fuxjkuh dks Lohdkj fd;s tkus ds ,d ugha cfYd vusd dkj.k mDr fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 10 yxk;r 24 esa Li"V :i ls vafdr dj j[ks gS ftUgsa eSa bl fu.kZ; esa iqu% mYys[k djus dk vkSfpR; ugha le>rk gwa cfYd ekurk gwa fd v/kksgLrk{kjdrkZ }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; ds fu"d"kksZ esa fdlh izdkj dh tkfgjk dkuwuh =qfV " error apparent on the face of record." ugha gSA 8- blds vykok Hkh eSa Li"V dj nsuk mfpr le>rk gwa fd v/kksgLrk{kjdrkZ }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; esa ;g ekuk x;k gS fd izkFkhZ us 4 o"kZ 5 ekg ls vf/kd dh nsjh ls izLrqr dh x;h vihy ds lkFk nsjh dks d.Mksu djus ds lEcU/k esa /kkjk 5 fe;kn vf/kfu;e ds rgr tks izkFkZuk i= v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr fd;k gS ml izkFkZuk i= esa fy;s x;s rF; vlR;] vfo'oluh; ,oa cukoVh gS rFkk ;g Hkh ekuk x;k gS fd og U;k;ky; ds le{k LoPN gkFkksa ls mifLFkr ugha gqvk gS ftu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; ds fuxjk/khu vkns'k dks dkuwuh :i ls =qfViw.kZ gksuk ekuk x;k gSA ,sls Li"V] rdZ laxr ,oa fof/k lEer fu.kZ; dk iqufoZyksdu dj mls vikLr dj u;k ,oa foijhr fu.kZ; ikfjr djus ds dksbZ U;k;laxr vk/kkj fn[kkbZ ugha iM+rs gSA 9- vc tgka rd izkFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr dh x;h izkFkfed vkifRr ftlds rgr mUgksaus fuxjk/khu vkns'k dks fuxjkuh ds Jo.k ;ksX; ugha gksuk crk;k gS] dk iz'u gS bl lEcU/k esa eSa loZizFke ;g mYys[k dj nsuk mfpr le>rk gwa fd izkFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us ewy fuxjkuh dh cgl ds nkSjku bl izdkj dh vkifRr izLrqr ugha dh Fkh vU;Fkk bl vkifRr dk fu/kkZj.k vkyks; fu.kZ; esa gh dj fn;k tkrkA esjs er esa tc izkFkhZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us ewy fuxjkuh dh cgl ds nkSjku bl izdkj dh vkifRr izLrqr ugha dh rks mls vc bl izdkj dh vkifRr izLrqr djus dh vuqefr iznku ugha dh tk ldrh gSA 10- ;g lgh gS fd izkFkhZ ds ;skX; vf/koDrk us bl U;k;ky; dh nks vyx vyx ,dyihB ds fofu.kZ; 2009¼2½ vkjvkjVh ist 960 % vkj-,y-MCY;w- 2009¼2½ vkjts 803 nhuw o vU; cuke eq- lqchuk o vU; rFkk 2008 vkjvkjMh ist 804 % vkj-,y-MCY;w- 2008¼2½ vkjts 1142 jktLFkku vkS|ksfxd o [kfut fodkl fuxe tks/kiqj o vU; cuke lsokjke o vU; dh uthjksa ij voyEc fy;k gS ftlesa bl U;k;ky; dh nksuksa ekuuh; ,dyihB us /kkjk 5 fe;kn vf/kfu;e ds rgr ikfjr vkns'k dks vUrfje vkns'k gksuk ekurs gq, /kkjk 84-, jktLFkku Hkw-jktLo vf/kfu;e ds rgr fuxjkuh ;ksX; vkns'k ugha gksuk ekuk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd orZeku fuxjkuh /kkjk 230 jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/fu;e] 1955 ds rgr izLrqr dh x;h gS ftl vf/kfu;e esa Hkw-jktLo vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 84-, tSlk vFkok led{k izko/kku ugha gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa esjs er esa ;ksX; vf/koDrk izkFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr dh x;h mijksDr mYysf[kr nksuksa uthjksa esa izfrikfnr fl)kUr dks bl ekeys esa ykxw gksuk ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA 11- esjs er esa ;fn fdlh Hkh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk LFkkfir fl)kUrksa ds foijhr vFkok dkuwu dh xyr O;k[;k djrs gq, dksbZ fu.kZ;@vkns'k ikfjr fd;k tkrk gS rks ,sls vkns'k ds fo:) jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 dh /kkjk 230 vFkok /kkjk 230 lifBr /kkjk 221 ds rgr bl U;k;ky; esa fuxjkuh iks"k.kh; gSA ;gka eSa ;g Hkh Li"V dj nsuk mfpr le>rk gwa fd jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e esa rFkkdfFkr vUrfje vkns'k ds fo:) fuxjkuh Barred ugha gSA mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa eSa loZizFke rks v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; ds vkyksP; vkns'k dks vUrfje vkns'k gksuk ugha ekurk gwa vkSj ;fn rdZ ds fy, mDr vkns'k dks vUrfje vkns'k Hkh ekuk tkos rks Hkh mldh fuxjkuh dks bl U;k;ky; esa iks"k.kh; gksuk ekurk gwaA vr% fo}ku vf/koDrk izkFkhZ ds bl rdZ ls eSa lger ugha gks ikrk gwaA 12- izkFkhZ ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us ,d rdZ ;g Hkh izLrqr fd;k gS fd fdlh Hkh ekeys esa gqbZ nsjh ds fcUnw ij U;k;ky;ksa dks lgkuqHkwfriwoZd :[k viukuk pkfg, ,oa ;fn v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us nsjh dks d.Mksu dj fn;k gS rks mlesa gLr{ksi ugha djuk pkfg;sA bl lEcU/k esa Hkh mUgksaus fofHkUu U;k;ky;ksa dh uthjksa ij voyEc fy;k gS ftldk eSaus /;kuiwoZd ,oa lEekuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k gSA bl rdZ ds lEcU/k esa eSa ;gh fy[k nsuk i;kZIr le>rk gwa fd v/kksgLrk{kjdrkZ us Hkh vkyksP; vkns'k esa 4 o"kZ 5 ekg ls vf/kd nsjh ls izLrqr dh x;h vihy dks vUnj fe;kn 'kqekj djus ckcr vusd n`f"Vdks.k ls fopkj fd;k gS ftudk mYys[k vkyksP; fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 10 yxk;r 24 esa Li"V :i ls vafdr dj j[kk gS vkSj bl lEcU/k esa ekuuh; 'kh"kZ U;k;ky;ksa }kjk le; ij izfrikfnr fl)kUrksa dk Hkh mYys[k fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 8 o 21 esa fd;k x;k gS ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk gS fd bl U;k;ky; us ekuuh; 'kh"kZ U;k;ky;ksa }kjk izfrikfnr fl)kUrksa ij fopkj fd;s cxSj dsoy ljljh rkSj ij gh v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dks fof/k ds LFkkfir fl)kUrksa ds foijhr ekuk x;k gks cfYd yEch vof/k ls fe;kn ckgj vihy ds vlUrks"ktud] vlR;] vfo'oluh; dkj.kksa ds lkFk lkFk vihy ds xq.k voxq.kksa ij Hkh utj Mky dj ,oa euu djus ds i'pkr~ lksp fopkj dj vyksP; vkns'k ikfjr fd;k x;k gS ftldk iqufoZyksdu djus ds dksbZ U;kf;d vk/kkj ugha gSA vr% eSa fo}ku vf/koDrk ds bl rdksZ ls lger ugha gks ikrk gwaA 13- izkFkhZ ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us ,d rdZ ;g Hkh izLrqr fd;k gS fd vkyksPp fu.kZ; esa bl U;k;ky; }kjk v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; ds le{k mRiUu fd;s x;s vk{ksiksa ds xq.k voxq.kksa ij Hkh fopkj dj fy;k gS tks ugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA bl lEcU/k esa dsoy ;gh fy[k nsuk i;kZIr le>rk gwa fd vkyksP; fu.kZ; ds iSjk la- 22 esa tks rF; mYysf[kr fd;s x;s gS os ewy okn dh i=koyh ij miyC/k rF;kRed fLFkfr vuqlkj gh fy[ks x;s gS vkSj oSls Hkh fe;kn ds fooknxzLr fcUnw dks fuf.kZr djrs le; ekuuh; 'kh"kZ U;k;ky;ksa }kjk fofHkUu izdj.kksa esa izfrikfnr fl)kUrksa dh ea'kkuqlkj vihy esa mBk;s x;s vk{ksiksa ij fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA vr% tc bdckyh tokc nkos ds vk/kkj ij oS/kkfud :i ls ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh dh yEch vof/k ls fe;kn ckgj vihy dks vUnj fe;kn ekuus esa v/khuLFk vihyh; U;k;ky; us xaHkhj dkuwuh =qfV dh gS rks ,sls fof/k fo:) vkns'k esa gLr{ksi dj vikLr fd;k tk ldrk gSA 14- mijksDr lEiw.kZ foospu ds ifj.kkeLo:i eSa blh fu"d"kZ ij igqap ikrk gwa fd izkFkhZ dh vksj ls utjlkuh ;kfpdk esa mBk;s x;s vk{ksiksa esa dksbZ cy gksuk izrhr ugha gksrk gS vkSj uk gh v/kksgLrk{kjdrkZ }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; fnukad 9-6-09 esa ,slh dksbZ tkfgjk dkuwuh =qfV ^^ error apparent on the face of record" izrhr gksrh gS ftlds vk/kkj ij mDr fu.kZ; dk iqufoZyksdu dj mls vikLr djrs gq, u;k ,oa foijhr fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k tk ldsaA 15- ifj.kke Lo:i izkFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr utjlkuh ;kfpdk dks vLohdkj dj [kkfjt fd;k tkrk gSA 16- i=koyh QSly 'kqekj gksdj fuxjkuh ;kfpdk la[;k 9248@08 ds lkFk layXu j[kh tkosA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA