JUDGMENT 1. Since both the Motor Accident Claims Miscellaneous Appeals arise out of the same order and decree, they are heard together and being disposed of by this common judgment. 2. Heard both sides. 3. The claimant filed M.A.C.M.A.M.P.No.2497 of 2006, seeking to amend the original petition O.P.No.125 of 1997, for claiming the enhanced compensation of Rs.35,00,000/-instead and in place of Rs. 15,24,876/- which was claimed before the Tribunal. 4. Dissatisfied with the quantum of compensation, awarded by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal-cum-District Judge, Mahaboobnagar, partly allowing the petition O.P.No.125 of 1996, by order and decree, dated 20-3-2006, the claimant has preferred the appeal M.A.C.M.A.M.No.1166 of 2006, seeking enhancement, and challenging the quantum of compensation, the New India Assurance Company Limited has preferred the appeal M.A.C.M.A.No.2072 of 2007. 5. It is brought to the notice of this Court, by both the learned counsel, that no application is filed, by the insurer, before the Tribunal, seeking permission, to contest the matter on all aspects, as contemplated under Section 170 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (for brevity “the Act”), as held by the apex Court in National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Nicolletta Rohtagi (1) 2002 (6) ALT 43(SC) = 2002(2) An.W.R.710(SC) = AIR 2002 SC 3350 , in which event the scope for the insurance company to agitate before this Court is limited only to the extent of Section 149 of the Act. In view of the said fact, ex facie, the appeal M.A.C.M.A.No.2072 of 2007, filed by the insurer, is not maintainable and is liable to be dismissed. 6. Now I will deal with the appeal M.A.C.M.A.No.1166 of 1996, filed by the claimant, only. 7. The facts of the case, in brief, are that, on 27-4-1996, at about 6.00 a.m., when the claimant, along with his wife, parents-in-law and sister-in-law, started from their house at Hyderabad to go to Cuddapah, in a Maruthi Van, bearing No. Ap.9H-1251, at about 8.00 a.m., in between Moosapet and Janampet villages, the tractor and trailer bearing Nos. 7. The facts of the case, in brief, are that, on 27-4-1996, at about 6.00 a.m., when the claimant, along with his wife, parents-in-law and sister-in-law, started from their house at Hyderabad to go to Cuddapah, in a Maruthi Van, bearing No. Ap.9H-1251, at about 8.00 a.m., in between Moosapet and Janampet villages, the tractor and trailer bearing Nos. APM.5853 and AP.22/T.2844, respectively, driven by its owner-cum-driver, in high speed and in a rash and negligent manner, came from opposite direction and dashed against the Maruthi Van, due to which the Maruthi Van was damaged completely and the inmates of the Maruthi Van sustained multiple fractures, in addition to multiple bleeding injuries all over their bodies; that the claimant was having driving licence and he could not avert the accident in spite of his due diligence and the accident was occurred purely due to the negligence of the driver of the above said tractor and trailer; that the injured claimant was immediately shifted to the Government Hospital, Mahaboobnagar, for treatment; that he sustained fracture of right leg, right hand and other multiple injuries all over the body; that as his condition was precarious, he was shifted to Apollo Hospital at Hyderabad on the same day; that he was in-patient in the said hospital from 27-4-1996 to 10-5-1996, and thereafter underwent treatment for six months as out-patient; that an operation was done to his right leg and right hand and steel rods, plates and screws were inserted in both the right leg and right hand by Dr. S.V. Chandrasekhara Reddy, M.S. Orthopaedic Surgeon, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad; that as the bones were not set completely, after a period of ten months, the claimant was again admitted in Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, on 12-2-1997 and got operated second time and bone grafting was done in the right leg and was discharged on 15-2-1997; that the steel plates, rods and screws inserted in his right leg and right hand were to be removed later; that he spent Rs. 1,05,000/-for his treatment; that he sustained permanent disability and discomfort to his both right leg and right hand; that he was not in a position to walk and lift anything with his right hand; that he was working as Sub-Registrar at the time of accident and was bedridden for eleven and half months and was put to loss of salary of Rs. 5,500/-per month; that he was subjected to much physical pain and mental agony due to the injuries; that as himself and his wife were bedridden, the claimant had to engage an attendant for him by paying a sum of Rs. 5,500/-per month; that he was subjected to much physical pain and mental agony due to the injuries; that as himself and his wife were bedridden, the claimant had to engage an attendant for him by paying a sum of Rs. 2,000/-per month; that thereafter, the claimant underwent treatment for a period of one year as an out-patient under the treatment with the said Doctor; that at the time of his discharge i.e., on 10-5-1996, admission and discharge card was issued by Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad; that a cash receipt for Rs.50,000/-was issued by the said Doctor, for the surgical operation done by him on 28-4-1996; that as the bones were not set completely, after a period ten months, the claimant was again admitted in Apollo Hospital, on 12-2-1997, and got operated second time and bone grafting was done to his right leg and right hand and was discharged on 15-2-1997; that the said Doctor issued another cash receipt for Rs.25,000/-towards his fee, for the surgical operation done by him; that at the time of discharge of the claimant, the Apollo Hospital issued summary report; that the steel plates, rods and screws inserted in the right leg and right hand of the claimant are to be removed later; that in spite of bone grafting, the claimant sustained permanent partial disability and discomfort to his both right leg and right hand, as a result of which he is not in a position to walk and lift anything with his right hand; that while so, on 25-6-1998, as the bones were not set completely and as the steel plates and rods were broken, again the claimant was admitted in Apollo Hospital and got operated third time by inserting new steel plates, rods and screws and bone grafting was also done to his right leg and was discharged on 27-6-1998, for which he was subjected to mental agony and also suffering and, apart from that, he incurred huge expenditure towards operation, by way of borrowings from his kith and kin and also his friends; that he said Doctor also issued another cash receipt for Rs.50,000/- towards his fee, for the surgical operation done by him; that consequence of which, he has not only suffered financially but also mentally and physically; that he is entitled to all the claims and also incidental charges till the realization of the amount from the respondents; that the claimant has to attend to his regular and normal duties daily and he was not able to sit more than two hours and he has to necessarily take rest for some time and his right leg was shortened by one and half inch; that since his right leg gets swelling every day, the said Doctor, who treated him as an in-patient and is treating as out-patient advised the claimant not to travel on two wheeler and to travel only on for wheeler; that, for that also, in view of the present cost of living, necessarily the claimant has to pay a sum of Rs.3,000/- per month towards salary to the driver; that at last, as per the advice of the said Doctor, the claimant has purchased a second hand Maruthi car by way of loan from the Bank/finance companies, after obtaining permission from the Head of the Institution and has engaged a driver by paying a sum of Rs.3,000/-per month; that the claimant is undergoing pshysiotherapy every day in the morning and evening for which he has been paying a sum of Rs.100/- each i.e., in the morning and evening as per the medical advice; that in view of the fractures and multiple grievous injuries suffered by the claimant, in the accident, he is not able to hold independent charge as Sub-Registrar as he has to necessarily sit in the office from 10.30 a.m., to 5.00 p.m., and also beyond office hours to sign the papers and has to go for inspecting the sites in his jurisdiction; that all these problems are due to the injuries suffered by the claimant i.e., fractures and grievous injuries all over his body, in the accident and that any amount of compensation cannot compensate the injuries suffered by the claimant. 8. The owner-cum-driver of the tractor and trailer and the owner of the Maruthi Van remained ex parte before the Tribunal. 9. The New India Assurance Company Limited with which the tractor and trailer were insured filed counter denying the material allegations in the claim petition and contending that since the unfortunate accident occurred due to the negligent driving of the driver of the Maruthi Van, the said insurance company is not liable to pay the compensation and that the claim was excessive and that the application now filed before this Court seeking enhancement of the compensation is liable to be dismissed. 10. The United India Insurance Company Limited with which the Maruthi Van was insured filed counter admitting the material allegations in the claim petition and contending that the claim was excessive. 11. Before the Tribunal, the claimant examined himself as P.W.1 and Dr. S.V. Chandrasekhara Reddy, M.S. Orthopaedic Surgeon, Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, who is treating the claimant, as P.W.2, and got marked Exs. A-1 to A-29 on his behalf. No oral evidence was adduced on behalf of the insurance companies, but marked the copy of insurance policy of the tractor and trailer in question, under Ex.B-1. 12. Basing on the above pleadings, the Tribunal framed the following issues for trail: (1) Whether the accident occurred due to rash and negligent driving of the driver of tractor and trailer bearing No. Ap.Apm.5853 and Ap.22-T.2844? (2) Whether the petitioner is entitled to claim compensation from the Respondents, and if so, to what amount and against whom? (3) To what relief? 13. The Tribunal, having considered the entire material, including the evidence, both oral and documentary, available on record, on issue No.1 held that the accident occurred due to rash and negligent driving of the driver of the tractor and trailer in question, on issue No.2 held that the owner of the tractor and trailer and the New India Assurance Company Limited are jointly and severally liable to pay the compensation amount to the claimant and on issue No.3 awarded a sum of Rs.7,45,287/-towards compensation. Dissatisfied with the same, the claimant has preferred M.A.C.M.A. No.1166 of 2006, while, challenging the same, the New India Assurance Company Limited has preferred M.A.C.M.A.2072 OF 2007. 14. Sri. Dissatisfied with the same, the claimant has preferred M.A.C.M.A. No.1166 of 2006, while, challenging the same, the New India Assurance Company Limited has preferred M.A.C.M.A.2072 OF 2007. 14. Sri. M.V.S. Suresh Kumar, Learned counsel appearing for the claimant, vehemently contends that the compensation awarded by the Tribunal is disproportionate to the grievous fractures, multiple fractures, grievous fractures and also bleeding injuries all over the body sustained by the claimant, more so, keeping in view the medical evidence available on record and age of the claimant as on the date of the accident and that, in this case, “just compensation” was not awarded by the Tribunal viewed from any angle, in view of the evidence available on record and the facts and circumstances of the case. To buttress his contentions, the learned counsel placed strong reliance on the judgment of a three-Judge Bench of the apex Court in Nagappa v. Gurudayal Singh and others (2) 2003 (1) An. W.R. 135(SC) = 2003 (1) ALD 1 (SC). 15. Sri. E. Venugopal Reddy, learned standing Counsel appearing for the United India Insurance Company, contends that the finding recorded by the Tribunal, with regard to the factum of accident and the rash and negligence on the part of the owner-cum-driver of the tractor and trailer, are based on acceptable evidence borne on record and that the impugned award do not call for any interference in this appeal. 16. Sri Kota Subba Rao, learned Standing Counsel appearing for the respondent No.3-New India Assurance Company Limited, in M.A.C.M.A.No.1166 of 2006, and Dr.Muddu Vijay, the learned Standing Counsel appearing for the appellant-New India Assurance Company Limited, in M.AC.M.A.No.2072 of 2007, contend that the impugned award does not call for any interference in the claimant’s appeal and that the compensation awarded by the Tribunal is just and reasonable in the facts and circumstances of the case. 17. In the above scenario, the sole and short question that needs to be decided, in this appeal, is as to whether the compensation awarded by the Tribunal is the “just compensation”, in the facts and circumstances of the case and also in the light of the evidence, both oral and documentary, available on record? 18. Admittedly, there is no dispute with regard to the manner in which the accident occurred and the rash and negligence on the part of the owner-cum-driver of the tractor and trailer. 18. Admittedly, there is no dispute with regard to the manner in which the accident occurred and the rash and negligence on the part of the owner-cum-driver of the tractor and trailer. In fact, the learned Standing Counsel appearing for both the insurance Companies did not lay any stress on these aspects, inasmuch as there is sufficient evidence and the Tribunal very rightly answered the issues framed in that regard, based on the evidence, both oral and documentary, available on record. 19. A ghastly motor vehicle accident occurred on 27-4-1996 at about 08.00 a.m., in between Moosapet and Janampet villages, Mahaboobnagar District, when the claimant, his wife, parents-in-law and his younger sister-in-law were proceeding in a Maruthi Van from Hyderabad to Cuddapah, and when the said Maruthi Van was dashed by a tractor and trailer, referred to above, at high speed and in a rash and negligent manner, resulting in instantaneous death of the father-in-law of the claimant, and severe grievous fractures, multiple fractures and multiple grievous injuries to the claimant, his wife, his mother-in-law and also injuries to his sister-in-law, all over their bodies. 20. P.W.1 is the claimant and P.W.2 is the Doctor, who treated the claimant as an inpatient and is treating as an out-patient, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad. Ex.A-1 is Photostat copy of FIR.No.25/96 of Addakal Police Station, dated 27-4-1996, Ex.A-2 is the Photostat copy of Motor Vehicles Inspector Report of crime vehicle, dated 5-5-1996, Ex.A-3 is the copy of the insurance policy of Maruthi Van bearing No.AP.9H-1251, dated 4-2-1995, Ex.A-4 is the copy of insurance policy of Maruthi van bearing No.AP.9H-1251, Ex.A5 is the copy of Driving Licence of the claimant, dated 19-3-1994, Ex.A-6 is the Admission and Discharge chit, issued by headquarters hospital, Mahaboobnagar, dated 27-4-1996, Ex.A-7 is the copy of case sheet maintained in headquarters hospital, Mahaboobnagar, dated 27-4-1996, Ex.A-8 is the certified copy of medical certificate issued by the Doctor, dated 27-4-1996, Ex.A9 is the Admission and Discharge card, issued by Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 27-4-1996, Ex.A.10 is the case receipt of Rs.50,000/- issued by Dr. S.V. Chandrasekhara Reddy, M.S.., Orthopaedic Surgeon, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 28-4-1996. Ex.A-11 is the cash receipt for Rs. S.V. Chandrasekhara Reddy, M.S.., Orthopaedic Surgeon, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 28-4-1996. Ex.A-11 is the cash receipt for Rs. 2,000/-, issued by Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 10-5-1996, Ex.A.12 is the cash bill for Rs.9,275/-, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 10-5-1996, Ex.A.13 is the cash bill for Rs.54,275/-, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 10-5-1996, Ex.A.14 is the cash bill for Rs.16,000/-, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 15-2-1997, Ex.A.15 is the cash bill for Rs.12,670/-, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 15-2-1997, Ex. A.16 is the Summary Report, issued by Dr. Prem Kishore, cash bill for Rs.54,275/-Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 15-2-1997, Ex.A.17 is the Medical Certificate in respect of Orthopaedically handicapped, issued by Dr.S.V. Chandrasekhara Reddy, M.S., Orthopaedic Surgeon, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 3-1-2000, Ex.A.18 is the cash receipt for Rs.25,000/-, issued by Dr.S.V.Chandrasekhara Reddy, M.S.Orthopaedic Surgeon, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 15-2-1997, Ex.A-19 is the original medical bill, issued by Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad; for out-patient for Rs.1,835/-dated 25-6-1998, Ex.A-20- is the cash receipt for Rs.50,000/-issued by Dr.S.V.Chandrasekhara Reddy, M.S., Orthopaedic Surgeon, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 22-6-1998, Ex.A-21 is the original medical bill, issued by Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, dated 27-6-1998, Ex.A.22 is the Salary Certificate of the claimant for the month of April, 1996, issued by the Assistant District Registrar, Office of the District Registrar of Assurances, Nizam Shahi Road, Hyderabad, Ex.A.23 is the positive photograph along with negative showing the operated part of Right hand Right Leg of the claimant, Ex.A.24 is the leave sanction proceedings of the claimant from April, 1996, to April, 1997, issued by the Joint Inspector General of Stamps and Registration, Hyderabad Range, Hyderabad, Ex.A.25 is the Xerox copy of certificate , issued by Dr.S.V. Chandrasekhara Reddy, M.S. Orthopaedic Surgeon, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, advising the claimant to purchase four wheeler, dated 10-1-2004, Ex. A-26 is the copy of application by the claimant to the Deputy Inspector General, Stamps and Registration, requesting to permit him to purchase a second hand Maruthi Car with the source mentioned therein, dated 12-1-2004, Ex.A-27 is the copy of proceedings of the Deputy Inspector General, Stamps and Registration, dated 13-1-2004, permitting the claimant to purchase a second hand Maruthi Car model 1990, as per the source mentioned by him and requesting him to submit a copy of R.C. Book for office record after its registration, Ex.A-28 is the copy of application by the Registrar to the Deputy Inspector General Stamps and Registration, along with Xerox copies of R.C.Books, issued by the R.T.A., for transfer of Maruthi Car Certificate of Registration, in the name of claimant, and also receipt issued by the owner of vehicle, Ex.A-29 is the copy of charge sheet and Ex.C-1, the X-ray films(2), was marked with consent of both parties. 21. None were examined on behalf of both the insurance companies. However, Ex.B-1, the copy of insurance policy of the tractor and trailer, was marked. 22. The claimant was aged about 35 years as on the date of accident. Broadly, the grievous fracture, multiple fractures and multiple grievous bleeding injuries suffered by the claimant are:- As per Discharge Summary (Ex.A-9), dated 25-5-1996:- Principal Diagnosis:- (1) COMMUNICATED FRACTURE RIGHT FEMUR, (2) BASICERVICAL FRACTURE RIGHT FEMUR, (3) MONTEGGIA FRACTURE RIGHT ULNA, (4) FRACTURE LATERAL CONDYLE RIGHT TIBIA, (5) FRACTURE RIGHT FIBULA. Operative Procedure:- Open Reduction with DCP Fixation Right Femur, Right ulna and DHS Fixation Right Hip done on 28-4-1996 under G.A. EXAMINATION:- - Swelling, deformity and tenderness right femur(+), .- Creptitus and abnormal mobility of fragments (+), - Movements of right lower limb painfully restricted, - No distal neurovascular deficit. - deformity, swelling and tenderness right forearm (+) - Creptitus and abnormal mobility (+), - Movememnts of right elbow painfully restricted, - No distal neurovascular deficit. SURGERY:- 1. OPEN REDUCTION WITH DCP FIXATION RIGHT FEMUR AND DHS FIXATION RIGHT HIP DONE ON 28-4-96 UNDER G.A. 2. OPEN REDUCTION AND DCP FIXATION RIGHT ULNA DONE ON 3-5-1996 UNDER G.A. 3. LONG LEG POP CAST APPLICATION RIGHT LOWER LIMB DONE ON 9-5-96. Right thigh cleansed with Betadine, draped and opsite applied. Through lateral approach the fracture shaft femur exposed and 12 holed DCP applied and fixed with 8 screws. OPEN REDUCTION AND DCP FIXATION RIGHT ULNA DONE ON 3-5-1996 UNDER G.A. 3. LONG LEG POP CAST APPLICATION RIGHT LOWER LIMB DONE ON 9-5-96. Right thigh cleansed with Betadine, draped and opsite applied. Through lateral approach the fracture shaft femur exposed and 12 holed DCP applied and fixed with 8 screws. Basicervical fracture right femur was fixed with 75 mm DHS and 4 holed plate and 4 screws. Fracture right ulna fixed with 6 holed plate and 6 screws. Wound closed over closed suction drain. Skin closed with subscruticular vicryl sutures. As per Discharge Summary (Ex.A-16), dated 15-2-1997:- HISTORY:- Old case of comminuted fracture right femur, basicertical fracture right femur, monteggia fracture right ulna, fracture lateral condyle right tibia and fracture right fibula for whom plate fixation right femur and ulna and DHS fixation for right hop had been done on 28-4-96 in this hospital. Serial X–rays showed union progressing except fracture femur where there was non-union. SURGERY:- BONE GRAFTING RIGHT FEMUR DONE ON 12-2-97 UNDER G.A. 23. The only and important oral evidence available on record is that of the claimant, P.W.1, and the Doctor, P.W.2, who treated and made surgical operations to him by way of inserting steel plates, rods and screws and also bone grafting. Therefore, it is apt to examine and scrutiny the same with care and caution. 24. P.W.1 filed chief-examination affidavit reiterating all his contentions in the claim petition and also the application filed before this Court seeking enhancement. Therefore, there is no need to reiterate the entire chief-examination of the claimant and only to the limited extent, which is relevant and important, is reiterated hereunder: 25. P.W.1 deposed that, on 27-4-1996, at about 6.00 a.m., when himself, his wife, his sister-in –law and his parents–in-law started from Hyderabad in a Maruthi Van bearing No. AP.9H-1251, driven by him, to go to Cuddapah, at about 08.00 a.m., in between Moosapet and Janmpet villages, the tractor and trailer, bearing Nos. P.W.1 deposed that, on 27-4-1996, at about 6.00 a.m., when himself, his wife, his sister-in –law and his parents–in-law started from Hyderabad in a Maruthi Van bearing No. AP.9H-1251, driven by him, to go to Cuddapah, at about 08.00 a.m., in between Moosapet and Janmpet villages, the tractor and trailer, bearing Nos. APM-5853 and AP.22/T.2844, respectively, driven by its owner-cum-driver, at a high speed and in a rash and negligent manner, came from opposite direction and dashed against the Maruthi Van, due to which the Maruthi Van was damaged completely and the inmates of Maruthi Van sustained fractures and multiple grievous bleeding injuries all over their bodies; that his father-in-law by name Sri.Sreeramulu died on the spot; that he could not avert the accident in spite of his due diligence and that the accident occurred purely due to rash and negligent driving by the owner-cum-driver of the above said tractor and trailer; that he had valid driving licence at the time of accident and that the Motor Vehicles Inspector after inspecting the crime vehicle, issued a report, dated 5-5-1996, stating that there are no mechanical defects in the vehicle. 26. He further stated that he, being the injured, along with other inmates of the said Maruthi Van, was immediately shifted to the Government Hospital, Mahaboobnagar, for treatment; that he sustained fracture of right leg, right hand and other multiple grievous injuries all over the body; that after treatment by the Doctors at Government Hospital, Mahaboobnagar, as his condition was precarious, immediately he, along with other inmates, was shifted to Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, on the same day; that at the time of his admission in Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, on the same day; that at the time of his admission in Apollo Hospital, he sustained major fractures i.e., (1) Comminuted Fracture Right Femur, (2) Basicervical Fractue Right Femur, (3) Monteggia Fracture Right Ulna, (4) Fracture Lateral Condyle Right Tibia and (5) Fracture Right Fibula, in addition to multiple grievous bleeding injuries all over the body; that he was an in-patient in the said hospital from 27-4-1996 to 10-5-1996, and, surgical operations were done to his right leg and right hand and steel rods, plates and screws were inserted in both the right leg and right hand and that he incurred a sum of more than Rs.1,50,000/-in the hospital, for his treatment, for the said period. 27. 27. He further stated that as the bones were not set completely, he was again admitted in Apollo Hospital, on 12-2-1997, and got operated second time and bone grafting was done to his right leg and was discharged on 15-2-1997; that he incurred more than Rs.1,00,000/-; that the steel rods, plates and screws, which were inserted in his right leg and right hand, were yet to be removed and that even in spite of bone grafting, he sustained permanent disability and discomfort to his both right leg and right hand, as a result of which, he was not in a position to walk and lift anything with his right hand. 28. He further stated that he was working as Sub-Registrar, at the time of accident and was bed ridden for eleven and half months, for which he applied for leave; that he was put to loss of salary of nearly Rs.5,500/-per month, which is being fluctuated from time to time due to grant of increments and raising of Dearness Allowance; that he was subjected to much physical pain and mental agony due to the above injuries sustained by him in the accident; that as himself and his wife were bed ridden and as there was no other go for him he engaged an attendant for himself by paying Rs.2,000/- per month towards his salary and that he also requires further sums to meet his further treatment charges etc., as claimed in the O.P. 29. he further stated that, while so, on 25-6-1998, as the bones were not set completely and as the steel plates and rods were broken in his right leg, again he was admitted in Apollo Hospital, and got operated third time by inserting new steel rods, plates and screws and bone grafting was also done to the right leg and was discharged on 27-6-1998, for which he was subjected to mental agony and also suffering, apart from incurring huge expenditure towards operation, by borrowing from his kith and kin and also friends, and consequently, he had not only suffered financially but also mentally and physically; that therefore, he is entitled to all the claims and also incidental charges till the realization of amount from the respondents; that he incurred more than Rs.1,50,000/- for the said operation and that the steel rods, plates and screws, which were inserted in his right leg and right hand, were yet to be removed. 30. He further stated that at the time of filing O.P., due to mental agony and lack of proper legal advice, he could not properly instruct his counsel in preparing the O.P., that in view of the changed circumstances, he filed I.A.No. 989 of 2002 to permit him to amend O.P. 125 of 1997, filed by him, seeking enhancement of claim from Rs.3,00,000/- to Rs.15,24,876/-; that I.A., was allowed by the Tribunal and that he also paid revised Court Fee in respect of the enhanced claim made by him. 31. He further stated that he has to attend his regular and normal duties daily and he was not able to sit more than two hours and he has to necessarily take rest for some time and his right leg was shortened one inch; that since his right leg gets swelling every day, the Doctor, who treated him as an in-patient and is treating continuously as an in-patient, advised him not to travel on two wheeler and to travel only on four wheeler. 32. He further stated that he was undergoing physiotherapy every day in the morning and evening for which he has been paying a sum of Rs.100/-each i.e., in the morning and evening as per the medical advice. 33. 32. He further stated that he was undergoing physiotherapy every day in the morning and evening for which he has been paying a sum of Rs.100/-each i.e., in the morning and evening as per the medical advice. 33. He further stated in view of the fractures and multiple grievous injuries, he was not able to hold independent charge as Sub-Registrar as he has to necessarily sit in the office from 10.30 a.m., to 5.00 p.m., and also beyond office hours to sign the papers and has to go for inspecting the sites in his jurisdiction and that any amount of compensation cannot compensate the injuries suffered by him. 34. He further stated that he suffered 50% permanent partial disability, which is not curable at any point of time and to that effect the Doctor, P.W.2, issued medical certificate in respect of orthopaedically handicapped; that as per the advice of the said Doctor, he was constrained to purchase a second hand Maruthi Car for a consideration of Rs.1,70,000/- and to engage a driver on monthly payment of Rs.3,000/-; that even for his travel from his house to his office, necessarily he has to purchase the petrol for the said Maruthi Car; that all these problems arose only due to the injuries i.e., fractures, multiple fractures and grievous bleeding injuries all over the body suffered by him and hence the respondents are liable to pay all the amounts claimed by him towards his treatment expenditure in future. 10. 35. During the cross-examination of P.W.1, by the learned Standing Counsel appearing for the New India Assurance Company Limited, P.W.1 denied the suggestions that he has not filed any document to show that he was in-patient in Apollo hospital, Hyderabad, from 27-4-1996 to 10-5-1996; that he has not undergone surgical operation to his right leg and right hand by inserting steel rods, plates and screws; that the bones were not set completely after a period of 10 months due to his mistake; that due to his negligence he has to undergo second operation on 12-2-1997; that he has not filed any document to show that he has undergone second operation on 12-2-1997 and discharged on 15-2-1997 and that there is no disability to his right leg and right hand and he can walk and lift anything with his right hand. 36. 36. P.W.1 voluntarily stated that as his wife was also injured in the same accident he engaged an attendant. 37. He denied the suggestions that the steel plates and rods did not break and he was not operated for the third time to insert new steel plates, rods and screws; that he has not filed any document to show that he had undergone third operation; that he has not borrowed money from his kith and kin and also to meet the surgical and medical expenses of this treatment; that his right leg was not shortened by one inch and there was no swelling to his leg; that he had purchased a second hand Maruthi Car (1999) model for his pleasure purpose and not as advised by the Doctor; that he has not filed any document to show that the Doctor has advised him to travel in a four wheeler vehicle and not to travel on a two wheeler and that he has not filed any document to show that he had purchased a second hand Maruthi Car by way of loan. 38. He voluntarily stated that Ex. A-27 is the proceedings, dated 13-1-2004, issued by the Deputy Inspector General of Registration and Stamps, Hyderabad Range, Hyderabad, permitting him to purchase a second hand Maruthi Car (Model 999), as per the source mentioned by him in his application, dated 12-1-2004. 39. He furnished the original R.C. of Maruthi Car bearing No. AP.09.AC.2556 and Ex.C-1 is the Photostat Copy of R.C. 40. He denied that as he was having driving licence of light Motor Vehicle, he has not engaged a driver and he was driving the car himself. 41. He admits that he has not filed any document to show that he was paying a salary of Rs.3,000/- to his driver and that he has not filed any document to show that he was undergoing physiotherapy every day in the morning and evening for which he was paying a sum of Rs.100/- each sitting of morning and evening i.e., as per the medical advice. 42. He denied that he has not sustained 50% permanent partial disability and that he was deposing falsely and the medical bills are manipulated for the purpose of this case for wrongful gain. 43. He voluntarily stated that he has not received salary for extraordinary leave applied by him. 44. 42. He denied that he has not sustained 50% permanent partial disability and that he was deposing falsely and the medical bills are manipulated for the purpose of this case for wrongful gain. 43. He voluntarily stated that he has not received salary for extraordinary leave applied by him. 44. He denied that he went and dashed in between tractor and trailer and that the accident occurred due to head on collision. 45. The witness voluntarily says that the tractor came to the extreme right side and dashed against the Maruthi Van. 46. P.W.2 Dr.S.V. Chandrasekhara Reddy, M.S., Orthopaedic Surgeon, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, filed chief-affidavit stating that he has been working as Orthopaedic Surgeon in Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, for the last 15 years; that he has perused the Court record made available to him and also the record available with him and on the basis of record only he was deposing; that on 27-4-1996, P.W.1, by name K.Raghu Babu, who was present before him, was admitted in Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, with fractures i.e., (1) Comminuted fracture right femur (2)Basicervical fracture Right femur, (3) Monteggia fracture Right Ulma, (4) Lateral Condyle right tibia and (5) Fracture right fibula, in addition to multiple grievous bleedings injuries all over his body; that he was an inpatient from 27-4-1996 to 10-5-1996 in Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, and during the said period he did surgical operations to the right leg and right hand of P.W.1 by inserting steel plates, rods and screws; that he was discharged on 10-5-1966, and that Ex.A-10, dated 28-4-1996, is the receipt issued by him for a sum of Rs.50,000/- for the surgical operation done by him to P.W.1. 47. He further stated that as the bones were not set, P.W.1 was again admitted in Apollo Hospital, on 12-2-1997, a surgical operation was done for the second time and bone grafting was done to his right leg and he was discharged on 15-2-1997 and that Ex.A-18 is the cash receipt for Rs.25,000/-issued by him for the second operation done to P.W.1. 48. 48. He further stated that again P.W.1 was admitted in Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, for the third time, on 25-6-1998, as the bones were not set and as the steel plates, and rods and screws inserted in his right leg and right hand were broken, a surgical operation was done by inserting new plates, rods and screws and that bone grafting was also done to his right leg, after removing the old steel plates, rods and screws; that Ex.A-20, dated 27-6-1998, is the cash receipt for Rs.50,000/-issued by him for the operation done by him to P.W.1 third time, that Ex.A-17, dated 3-1-2000, is the medical certificate issued by him to P.W.1 in respect of orthopaedically handicapped fixing the permanent partial disability at 50% and that Ex.A-25, dated 10-1-2004, is the Xerox copy of certificate issued by him advising P.W.1 to purchase a four wheeler. 49. He further stated that P.W.1 was under his treatment for about a period of 1 year from the date of accident i.e., 27-4-1996 till April 1997, since P.W.1 is and was suffering from mental agony, the expenditure incurred by him cannot be quantified and expected and that the expenditure to be incurred also cannot be quantified and expected. 50. He further stated that daily P.W.1 used to travel on two wheeler and he is/was facing severe and acute problems in his right leg and right hand; that since the right leg and right hand of P.W.1 get swelling every day, he advised P.W.1 through letter, dated 10-1-2004, to travel on a four wheeler, inasmuch as, there was severe and acute problem in his right leg and right hand and cannot drive the two wheeler all along from his house to office and from his office to house, after office hours, and at times to come to the hospital where he was working; that he was informed by P.W.1 that he purchased a second hand 1999 model Maruthi car and engaged a driver by paying a sum of Rs.3,000/- per month towards his salary since January, 2004. 51. He further stated that as per the advice, P.W.1 is also undergoing physiotherapy twice a day i.e., both in the morning and evening by paying a sum of Rs.200/- i.e., Rs.100/- each. 52. 51. He further stated that as per the advice, P.W.1 is also undergoing physiotherapy twice a day i.e., both in the morning and evening by paying a sum of Rs.200/- i.e., Rs.100/- each. 52. He further stated that in view of the multiple fractures and multiple grievous bleeding injuries suffered by P.W.1 all over his body and the operations performed to his right leg and right hand, he cannot sit continuously for a period of two hours and he has to take rest for some time; that the right leg of P.W.1 was shortened 1 ½ inches; that P.W.1 cannot discharge his normal duties without taking some rest after every two hours, in view of the pain and suffering and he cannot discharge his normal duties as was discharged earlier; that, one month back, he advised P.W.1 to take X-rays, Ex.C-1, for his right leg and right hand, which shows that there was no improvement in the right leg and right hand of P.W.1; that he was of the opinion that there is no chance of recovering of P.W.1 in future and he requires constant and continuous further medical treatment at least for a period of 5 to 6 years, which involves use of costly medicines and if necessary further surgery to his right leg and right hand; that P.W.1 has to take further and costly treatment till his life time a out-patient; that the steel plates, rods and screws inserted earlier in the right leg and right hand of P.W.1 have to be removed at appropriate time for which he has to incur huge amount; that even after removal of steel plates, rods and screws inserted in his right leg and right hand, though there was healing of multiple fractures and multiple grievous injuries received by P.W.1, only to a partial extent, in view of pain and suffering in his right leg and right hand, he cannot sit, walk and work properly; that he has treated P.W.1 as an in-patient from the date of accident i.e., 27-4-1996; that he made surgical operations for more than 3 times and still treating him as out-patient till to-day and still he has to undergo treatment as out-patient if necessary as in-patient. 53. 53. During the cross-examination of P.W.2, by the learned Standing Counsel appearing for the New India Assurance Company Limited, he denied that the surgical operations done in Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, are not pertaining to the injuries sustained by P.W.1, as per Ex.A-7; he denied that the second operation done 12-2-1997 could have been avoided had P.W.1 taken proper care and precautionary measures and he also denied that the operation done by P.W.2 third time i.e., on 25-4-1998 was due to negligence on the part of P.W.1 that is why the steel plates, rods and screws inserted in his right hand and right leg were broken. 54. P.W.2 stated that breaking of steel plates and rods, which are metal fatigue, would be possible if there is no blood in the bones. 55. P.W.2 denied that Exs.A-9 to A-21 are manipulated for the purpose of this case; he denied that the disability certificate issued by him, as per Ex.A-17, is excessive and abnormal and that he also denied that his is a partial disability. P.W.2 volunteers that this is a permanent disability. 56. He denied that in future the percentage of disability sustained by P.W.1 will be reduced to normal; he denied that P.W.1 has purchased a car for his pleasure but not as per his advice; he denied that this disability is due to his overweight; he denies that P.W.1 can discharge his normal duties as usual and he won’t have any discomfort; he denied that there is no shortening of leg of P.W.1 and that he also denied that he was deposing falsely to help P.W.1 to get higher compensation amount. 57. Before dealing with the question with regard to the adequacy or otherwise of the compensation awarded by the tribunal, in this case, it is apposite to observe that the Motor Vehicles Act is a beneficial piece of Legislation and the tribunals, while dealing with the applications filed by the injured or the dependents of the deceased , in such motor accidents, as the case may be, should adopt a pragmatic approach, depending upon the facts and circumstances and the evidence, both oral and documentary, available on record, in each case, while granting compensation. Time and again, the apex Court ruled that the tribunals are expected to award “just compensation”. Time and again, the apex Court ruled that the tribunals are expected to award “just compensation”. There are innumerable decisions of the Apex Court in this regard, which need no reiteration and special mention in this judgment, since they are well-accepted and well-known. 58. Further, a three-judge Bench of the Apex Court, in Nagappa’s case (2 supa), after reviewing the entire case law on the subject and dealing with the aspect of “just compensation”, made certain pertinent guiding observations, which are worth required to be noted. They read thus:- “…..Therefore, in a case where injury to a victim requires periodical medical expenses, fresh award cannot be passed or previous award cannot be reviewed when the medical expenses are incurred after finalization of the compensation proceedings. Hence, only alternative is that at the time of passing of final award, Tribunal/Court should consider such eventuality and fix compensation accordingly. No one can suggest that it is improper to take into account expenditure genuinely and reasonably required to be incurred for future medical expenses. Further medical expenses required to be incurred can be determined only on the basis of fair guess-work after taking into account increase in the cost of medical treatment. Therefore it would be difficult to hold that for future medical expenses, which are required to be incurred by a victim, fresh award could be passed. However, for such medical treatment, Court has to arrive at a reasonable estimate on the basis of the evidence brought on record. In the present case, it has been pointed out that for replacing the artificial leg every two to three years, applicant would be required to have some sort of operation and also change the artificial leg. At that time, the estimated expenses for this were Rs.18,000/- and the High Court has awarded the said amount. For change of artificial leg every two or three years no compensation is awarded. Considering this aspect, Rs.One Lakh is awarded as an additional compensation, to meet the said expenses from the interest of the said amount. Equally, it is true that the said amount is required to be properly invested on long-term basis so that recurring medical expenses could be met. Considering this aspect, Rs.One Lakh is awarded as an additional compensation, to meet the said expenses from the interest of the said amount. Equally, it is true that the said amount is required to be properly invested on long-term basis so that recurring medical expenses could be met. The said amount shall be deposited by the Insurance Company with the trial court and the trial Court is directed to invest the said amount on long term fixed deposit in a nearest nationalized bank, in the area where the appellant is residing, with the condition that the bank will not permit any loan or advance and the interest on the said amount will be paid annually, directly to the claimant till he survives. However, on an application by the appellant this condition could be modified by the Tribunal in exceptional circumstances, if made out by the appellant … The aforesaid condition is imposed so as to see that appellant does not find it difficult to meet periodical medical expenses as required by him.” 59. Reverting back to the case on hand, it is common knowledge that if a person, like the claimant, in the instant case, who was hale and healthy and shouldering the responsibility of, and guiding his family as on the date of accident, met with a ghastly road accident, and receives fractures i.e., (1) Comminuted fracture right femur, (2) Basicervical fracture right femur, (3) Monteggia fracture Right Uma, (4) Lateral Condyle right tibia and (5) Fracture right fibula, in addition to multiple grievous bleeding injuries all over his body, 50% Permanent Partial Disability, shortening of right leg to an extent of 1 ½ inch, creates an unbridgeable void which cannot be filled in. In such a situation, the shock that will be suffered by the wife and children of the injured person is inexplicable. Added to this, when shortening of the limb took place and when there is a problem in the Right Leg and Right Hand, to the claimant, at the age of thirty five, it is something which haunts the claimant for good. Further, the claimant has to necessarily carry the pain and suffering forever. 60. Added to this, when shortening of the limb took place and when there is a problem in the Right Leg and Right Hand, to the claimant, at the age of thirty five, it is something which haunts the claimant for good. Further, the claimant has to necessarily carry the pain and suffering forever. 60. At the cost of repetition, it may be noted that the claimant was hale and healthy at the time of accident, but for the insertion of steel plates, rods and screws, for three times and their removal, bone grafting for two times and shortening of limb in the unfortunate ghastly road accident, the claimant lost his confidence and according to the Doctor, P.W.1, the claimant has to go for further future operations, and he has to undergo treatment till his life time. 61. The injuries suffered by the claimant are incurable. The loss caused to the claimant as well as his wife and daughter cannot adequately be compensated in monetary terms, however high the compensation that may be awarded. It may be noted that the claimant shall have to take necessary precautions as per the medical advice, having lost the effectiveness and the quality of life all through his life. 62. If one looks at the situation of a male, like the claimant in the instant case, who is the manager of the family i.e., for self, wife and daughter, at the age of 35 years, as on the date of accident, meeting with a horrible accident, resulting in fractures (1) Comminuted fracture right femur, (2) Basicervical fracture right femur, (3) Monteggia fracture Right femur, (4) Lateral Condyle right tibia and 5) Fracture right fibula, in addition to multiple fractures and grievous bleeding injuries all over his body, 50% Permanent Partial Disability, Shortening of right leg to an extent of 1 1/2 inch, the nature, efficacy and quality of life of the claimant would certainly reflect upon himself and the other members of the family i.e., wife and daughter. 63. The contribution of a male, being the manager of the family, without injuries and without any physical disability, and the contribution of a male having disability and injuries of the present nature, can only be perceived, though not experienced, and this Court and see the aftermath of the injuries suffered by the claimant with the legal spectacle. 63. The contribution of a male, being the manager of the family, without injuries and without any physical disability, and the contribution of a male having disability and injuries of the present nature, can only be perceived, though not experienced, and this Court and see the aftermath of the injuries suffered by the claimant with the legal spectacle. The cumulative effect, in other words, is not permanent partial disability, but the partial gloom all through his life to the claimant as also all his family members. In such cases, the Court should perceive the situation through heart rather that the evidence on record or experience. 64. For the aforesaid reasons, I am of the absolute considered view that the amount granted by the tribunal towards compensation is horribly disproportionate. There is no gainsaying that the physical disability suffered by a victim in a motor vehicle accident cannot adequately be measured and compensated in monetary terms. However, the disability, which carries all through the life of the claimant can, at best, be solaced to a limited extent by awarding “Just compensation”, so as to give moral boost to, and to instill confidence in, the claimant to lead rest of his life with some sort of satisfaction. 65. The Tribunal has awarded a total sum of Rs.7,45,287/-, under various heads, which are thus:- (1) Rs.2,43,986/- towards expenditure of Medicines (vide Exs.A-10 to A-15 and A-18 to A-21). (2) Rs. 56,301/- towards loss of earnings during the period of medical treatment, (3) Rs. 20,000/- towards inevitable expenditure of transport, extra nourishment and incidental expenditure over the persons, family members attended over the claimant during the period of his treatment, (4) Rs. 2,00,000/- for multiple fractures, five fractures, malunited and incurring permanent disability on account of shortening of right leg 1 ½ inch leading to physical deformity besides disability, permanent partial disability of 50% i.e., as a result of which the claimant has become orthopaedically handicapped, proved vide Ex.A-17, through Orthopaedic Surgeon, P.W.2, (5) Rs. 50,000/- towards pain and suffering, (6) Rs. 1,00,000 on account of claimant being thrown into discomfort, frustration, mental stress and on account of diminution of pleasures of claimant in life besides loss of amenities and social Disability due to physical handicapedness and towards loss of expectation in life. (7) Rs. 50,000/- towards pain and suffering, (6) Rs. 1,00,000 on account of claimant being thrown into discomfort, frustration, mental stress and on account of diminution of pleasures of claimant in life besides loss of amenities and social Disability due to physical handicapedness and towards loss of expectation in life. (7) Rs. 75,000/- towards future medical and incidental expenditure for Physiotherapy and other medical treatment, since P.W.2, Orthopaedic Surgeon has opined that the claimant requires at least five to six years continuous treatment and physiotherapy. 66. Though there is no loss of income but the functional disability is there upto 40 percent. Therefore, multiplier ‘16’, inasmuch as, the claimant was aged about 35 years as on the date of accident, has to be applied, though the claimant suffered 50% permanent partial disability, since he is an employee, the loss of earnings can be treated as functional disability. Further, the right leg of the claimant was shortened 1 ½ inch due to the accident. Initially, surgical operation was done to the right leg and right hand of the claimant by inserting steel plates, rods and screws. Thereafter, since the bones were not set completely, again, second time, surgical operation was done to the claimant, by inserting the steel plates, rods and screws, after removing the old steel plates, rods and screws, and that bone grafting was also done. Thereafter, since the bones were not set completely, again, third time, another surgical operation was done to the claimant, by inserting the steel plates, rods and screws, after removing the old steel plates, rods and screws and that bone grafting was also done, according to the evidence of Doctor. Therefore, the claimant is entitled to a total compensation of Rs. 3,87,808/-, which is rounded off to Rs.3,87,800/- (Rs.5037 x 12 x 16 x 40/100). 67. The physiotherapist usually charge Rs.100/-for every visit. In this case, he visited both morning and evening and he continued to visit even after the disposal of the cases. The learned counsel appearing for the claimant submitted that the physiotherapy is still going on. Though there is no material whether it is continuing or not, the reasonable expenditure for the physiotherapy at the rate of Rs.200/-i.e., Rs. 100 per each visit can be taken into account. Accordingly, a total sum of Rs.3,00,000/-is awarded towards past and future expenditure of the Doctor for giving physiotherapy to the claimant. Though there is no material whether it is continuing or not, the reasonable expenditure for the physiotherapy at the rate of Rs.200/-i.e., Rs. 100 per each visit can be taken into account. Accordingly, a total sum of Rs.3,00,000/-is awarded towards past and future expenditure of the Doctor for giving physiotherapy to the claimant. The Tribunal has not considered this aspect at all. The physiotherapist will not render services free of cost. The Doctor, P.W.2, also stated in his chief examination as well as cross-examination that the claimant requires further and future treatment at least for a period of 5 to 6 years or till his life time. Even it is clear from the evidence of the Doctor, P.W.2, that as per his advice only, physiotherapy is being done every day to the claimant, from January, 2004, onwards. 68. Further, as per the evidence of the Doctor, P.W.2, the claimant requires further future surgical operations, and physiotherapy and that he has to bear the pain and suffering till his life time. Therefore, the amount of compensation now awarded by this Court towards past and future expenditure of the Doctor for giving physiotherapy, may be useful to the claimant to utilize some amount for future surgical operations also. 69. The Tribunal has granted Rs.56,301/-towards loss of earnings. The claimant was on long leave for one year. He was getting every month the salary of Rs.5,000/-and odd. Even if the same is taken also, it comes to Rs.60,000/-per annum. The claimant has got salary only for the period of leave at his credit and did not get any salary for the period he applied for extraordinary leave. 70. The Tribunal granted only Rs.1,00,000/-towards loss of comfort. This is a case of 5 major fracture injuries, in addition to other grievous and multiple bleeding simple injuries. There are also bleeding injuries. The claimant might have suffered lot of discomfort and it is very difficult to bear the pain and suffering. The claimant cannot move like an ordinary man and also as he was earlier i.e., before the accident. Simply he is continuing in the job, it is not sufficient to say that there is no discomfort. Hence, an amount of at least Rs.50,000/-has to be increased as reasonable amount under this head. In all the claimant is entitled to Rs.1,50,000/-towards discomfort and inconvenience in discharging his duties and also for his personal obligation. 71. Simply he is continuing in the job, it is not sufficient to say that there is no discomfort. Hence, an amount of at least Rs.50,000/-has to be increased as reasonable amount under this head. In all the claimant is entitled to Rs.1,50,000/-towards discomfort and inconvenience in discharging his duties and also for his personal obligation. 71. It is the case of the claimant that along with him, his wife also suffered injuries in the same accident. Therefore, he was constrained to appoint an attendant to look after him since the date of admission in Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, by paying a sum of Rs.2,000/- per month. Further, the claimant has claimed past and future attendant charges. However, the Tribunal has not granted any amount towards past and future attendant charges to the claimant. 72. As per the evidence of Doctor, P.W.2, the claimant cannot sit, walk and lift anything with his right hand. Further, as per the principles laid down by the Apex court, in Nagappa’s case (2 supra), some guess-work has to be made by the Court, while awarding compensation to the injured or the dependents of the deceased in the motor accidents. 73. Therefore, now the question is, if the claimant had appointed an attendant, what would be the just and reasonable compensation towards past and future attendant charges? 74. Admittedly, the claimant had suffered five major fractures, three surgical operations to his right leg and right hand and bone grafting was also done twice, even according to the Doctor, P.W.2. Further, the claimant has stated that his wife also suffered severe fractures in the same accident. Therefore, it can safely be inferred that the claimant might have appointed an attendant by paying a considerable amount. Even if we get any person from our villages, in normal course, we have to pay not less that Rs.1,000/-to Rs.1,500/- per month. In the instant case, the attendant appointed by the claimant has to necessarily do almost all the works, which the claimant cannot do, after the accident. 75. Even if we get any person from our villages, in normal course, we have to pay not less that Rs.1,000/-to Rs.1,500/- per month. In the instant case, the attendant appointed by the claimant has to necessarily do almost all the works, which the claimant cannot do, after the accident. 75. Admittedly, the assertion made by the claimant to the effect that he has been paying Rs.200/- per day i.e., Rs.100/- each toward expenditure of the Doctor for giving physiotherapy has been supported by the evidence of the Doctor, P.W.2, to the effect that as per his advice the claimant is also undergoing physiotherapy twice a day i.e., both in the morning and evening by paying a sum of Rs.200/- i.e., Rs.100/- each. 76. Therefore, after making some guesswork, as per the principles laid down by the Apex Court, in Nagappa’s case (2 supra), this Court is of the considered view that a total sum of Rs.2,00,000/- towards past and future attendant charges can be awarded and the same would be the “just and reasonable“ compensation. 77. There is evidence to the effect that claimant requires four wheeler for the purpose of conveyance both to attend his duties and also for his personal works. Even the Doctor has stated after examining the patient to the effect. The same situation is continuing today. Further, the claimant has stated that he has engaged a driver, as per the advice of the Doctor, who has treated as an in-patient and out-patient, from the date of accident, and is treating till date, by paying a sum of Rs.3,000/- per month towards his salary. Even, in his evidence, the Doctor, P.w.2, has stated that he has given advice to the claimant, by way of letter, not to travel on two wheeler. However, in view of the amounts already increased, and also this Court feels to restrict the award to the extent claimed in the original petition, before the Tribunal, and hence no amount need be enhanced under these heads. The amounts already enhanced under other heads will take care of the heads under which no enhancement is granted. 78. Some times we have to see that even though there is no loss of earnings in terms of money, but the amount can be fixed basing on the special circumstances of the case like the present one. The amounts already enhanced under other heads will take care of the heads under which no enhancement is granted. 78. Some times we have to see that even though there is no loss of earnings in terms of money, but the amount can be fixed basing on the special circumstances of the case like the present one. The evidence on record shows that the claimant requires attendant for ever and he has to travel on four wheeler i.e., car for his conveyance. All these facts have to be necessarily considered and we cannot ignore these facts on one ground that there is no loss of income, at the time of considering the case. I doubt that, in future, basing on the facts of this case, the claimant has to face the prospects in his future even in his job also and it may even affect his future income. Each case depends upon its own facts. 79. Though the amount of compensation claimed under the heads “Transport to Hospital”. “Pain and suffering”’ and “extra nourishment”’ is less i.e., Rs.5,000/-, Rs.35,000/- and Rs.10,000/-, respectively, since the amount of compensation arrived at, under various heads, does not exceed the total amount of compensation claimed by the claimant, it can be adjusted inter se, under various heads, only in order to arrive at ‘just compensation’. 80. This Court awarded a sum of Rs.3,87,800/- towards functional disability, Rs.3,00,000/- towards physiotherapy, Rs.50,000/- towards discomfort and Rs.2,00,000/-towards past and future attendant charges, totaling to Rs.9,37, 808/-, but it restrained itself to award a total sum of Rs.14,00,000/-, including the amount of compensation already awarded by the Tribunal. Therefore, this court is of the opinion that the claimant is entitled to an overall compensation of Rs.14,00,000/- 81. Though none were examined on behalf of both the insurance companies, the New India Assurance Company Limited with which the tractor and trailer was insured, cross-examined P.W.1 at length and made suggestions to the effect that it was the driver of the Maruthi Van that drove the Maruthi Van at high speed and in a rash and negligent manner and hit the tractor and trailer and contributed for the accident. The Doctor, P.W.2, was also cross-examined at length with regard to surgical operations etc. The Doctor, P.W.2, was also cross-examined at length with regard to surgical operations etc. However, the New India Assurance Company, admittedly, did not and could not adduce any oral or documentary evidence, including that of the owner-cum-driver of the tractor and trailer against whom charge sheet was filed attributing the culpability for the offences under Sections 304-A, 337 and 338 of the Indian Penal Code. Further, the evidence of P.W.1 is quite consistent in all aspects as mentioned in the claim petition, which is also supported by the evidence of the Doctor, P.W.2 on all aspects. 82. The entire evidence in the shape of chief-affidavits of the claimant, P.W.1 and the Doctor, P.W.2, was unshaken and that even in the cross-examination also, both the insurance companies failed to elicit any useful material and that he is no rebuttal evidence, before the Tribunal. Further, no oral evidence was adduced on behalf of both the insurance companies, but marked copy of insurance policy of the tractor and trailer in question, under Ex. B-1. In the absence of any evidence on behalf of the insurance companies, there is no other go except to accept the evidence adduced by the claimant, after careful scrutiny. 83. The famous author John Munkaman, in his book “Damages for personal injuries and death (seventh edition)”, under chapter 4 – Damages for the personal loss, disablement, pain and loss of the enjoyment of life observed as under:- 1. Personal loss as an element in damages. 84. The term ‘Personal loss’ is used here to denote every kind of harm and disadvantage, which flows from a physical injury, other than the loss of money or property. It, therefore, includes the loss or impairment of the integrity of the body; pain and suffering, both physical and mental; loss of the pleasure of life; actual shortening of life; and at least in some cases, mere discomfort or inconvenience. 85. These factors have been variously stated both in the 19th century cases and the modern ones, notably by Cockburn, CJ. In Philips v. South Western Rly.Co. (3) (1879) 4 QBD 406 at 407. ‘ a jury cannot be said to take a reasonable view of the case unless they consider and take into account all the heads of damage in respect of which a plaintiff complaining of a personal injury is entitled to compensation. In Philips v. South Western Rly.Co. (3) (1879) 4 QBD 406 at 407. ‘ a jury cannot be said to take a reasonable view of the case unless they consider and take into account all the heads of damage in respect of which a plaintiff complaining of a personal injury is entitled to compensation. These are the bodily injury sustained; the pain undergone; the effect on the health of the sufferer, according to its degree and its probable duration as likely to be temporary or permanent; the expenses incidental to attempts to effect a cure, or to lessen the amount of an injury; the pecuniary.’ Damages for the personal loss: 86. Loss sustained through inability to attend to a profession of business as to which, again, the injury may be of a temporary character, or may be such as to incapacitate the party for the rest of his life. 87. More briefly, the same judgment had been referred in Fair v. London and North Western Rly. Co., (4) (1869) 21 T 326 where it was observed as under:- “In assessing (the) compensation the jury should take into account two things; first, the pecuniary loss (the plaintiff) sustains by the accident; secondly, the injury he sustains in his person, or his physical capacity of enjoying life.” 88. It is to be seen from the above extracts, both of long-standing authority, that it is not enough to say that you must give the plaintiff i.e., the claimant, compensation for his Pecuniary loss, and, in addition, ‘something for his pain and suffering’. The personal loss embraces much more than compensation for actual pain, 89. It is not out of place to mention that the claimant has filed an application seeking enhancement of his claim by way of amendment to the O.P. The courts have to look into all the facts and have to grant just and reasonable compensation. Though there are judgments to the effect that the court can grant the amount if it is reasonable by exceeding the very claim, but, in this case, this court is not inclined to exercise its jurisdiction and grant the amount beyond the claim and consequently the amendment application is also not considered and dismissed. But, at the same time, this court is of the opinion that the claimant is entitled to a total compensation of Rs.14,00,000/-. But, at the same time, this court is of the opinion that the claimant is entitled to a total compensation of Rs.14,00,000/-. The courts should be liberal and some times more liberal, in cases of injuries, than the cases of death. 90. Though the apex Court in the recent judgment of Sarala Verma v. Delhi Transport Corporation (5) 2009 (4) SCJ 91 = 2010 (1) An.W.R. 402 (SC) = (2009) 6 SCC 121 has allowed the interest at 6% p.a., there are number of judgments granting the interest from 6 to 9 percent basing upon the facts of each case. Under Section 171 of the Motor Vehicles Act, the Court has discretion to grant reasonable interest. The Supreme Court has not, in fact, decided about the interest to be granted in each case. The Bank interest is between 7.5 to 8 percent. Nowadays, if the amount is deposited in a post office, the interest payable is 9 percent per annum. Considering all these facts and also the facts of this Case, this Court is of the opinion that 7.5 per cent interest is reasonable interest, without making it as a precedent. 91. The principles laid down by the apex Court in Nagappa’s case (2 supra) as regards the compensation to be awarded under the head loss of leave are squarely applicable to the facts and circumstances of the instant case. 92. Therefore, the claimant is entitled to a total sum of Rs.14,00,000/- (Rupees Fourteen Lakhs only) but with interest at 12 percent per annum on Rs.7,45,287/-(Rupees Seven Lakhs Forty Five Thousand Two Hundred and Eight Seven only), awarded by the Tribunal, with costs and that the amount of compensation now awarded by this Court i.e., RS.6,54,713/- (Rupees Six Lakhs Fifty Four Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirteen only) shall carry interest at 7.5 percent per annum from the date of filing of the petition till the date of realization and with proportionate costs. Rest of the claim is dismissed. 93. Rest of the claim is dismissed. 93. In view of the nature of the injuries and the disability suffered by the claimant, in the instant case, and having regard to the facts and circumstances, particularly the evidence, both oral and documentary available on record, though the claimant has claimed a total sum of Rs.35,00,000/- towards compensation by filing enhancement application M.A.C.M.A.M.P. No.2497 of 2006, I deem it fit, just and reasonable to fix the compensation at Rs.14,00,000/- in toto, under all the heads put together as against the sum of Rs.7,45,287/- awarded by the Tribunal and also as against the total claim of Rs.35,00,000/- 94. It is submitted by the learned counsel appearing for the claimant that since the claimant is residing at Hyderabad, the rest of the amount of compensation, after withdrawal of the amount of compensation by the claimant, as is now permitted by this Court, in this common judgment, may be directed to be deposited at Hyderabad in the name of the claimant in order to enable him to withdraw the monthly interest, in the light of the judgment of the three-Judge Bench of the apex Court in Nagappa’s case (2 supra). 95. Since all the points have been dealt with elaborately, it must be taken that the claim of claimant in O.P. No.125 of 1997 is Rs.15,24,876/- and the application M.A.C.M.A. M.P. No.2497 of 2006 is dismissed. 96. Therefore, the appeal M.A.C.M.A.No.1166 of 2006, filed by the claimant, is liable to be allowed in part, only to the extent indicated above. 97. For the foregoing, the appeal M.A.C.M.A.No.2072 of 2007, filed by the New India Assurance Company Limited, is dismissed in limini, in view of non-filing of application, by the insurer, before the Tribunal, as contemplated under Section 170 of the Act, and as held by the apex Court in Nicolletta Rohtahi’s case (1 supra), and the appeal M.A.C.M.A.No. 1166 of 2006, filed by the claimant, is allowed in part, in the following terms:- (i) The claimant is granted a total compensation of Rs.14,00,000/- (Rupees Fourteen Lakhs only), under all the heads put together, as against the claim of Rs.35,00,000/-. (ii) The impugned order and decree, passed by the Tribunal, shall remain unaltered, in all other aspects and respects. (ii) The impugned order and decree, passed by the Tribunal, shall remain unaltered, in all other aspects and respects. (iii) The amount of compensation i.e., Rs.6,54,713/- (Rupees Six Lakhs Fifty Four Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirteen only), which is now granted by this Court, shall carry interest at 7.5 percent per annum from the date of filing of the petition O.P.No.125 of 1997, till the date of realization, with proportionate costs. (ii) The rest of the claim in the appeal M.A.C.M.A.No.1166 of 2006 is dismissed without costs. (iii) the First and third respondents are jointly and severally liable to pay the amount (mentioned in clause (a) supra) to the claimant, which shall be deposited by the first and third respondents before the tribunal within a period of four weeks from today, after giving credit to the amount, if any, already deposited by them. (iv) Inasmuch as the claimant is stated to have incurred considerable amount for his past treatment and is still incurring recurring expenditure for the present treatment, I deem it fit and appropriate to permit the claimant to withdraw a sum of Rs.5,00,000/-(Rupees Five Lakhs Only) with proportionate costs and interest thereon, from out of the total amount of compensation, now directed to be deposited jointly and severally by the first and third respondents, in the tribunal, without furnishing any security. (v) After withdrawal of the amount by the claimant, as stated in clause (d) supra, the Tribunal shall keep the rest of the amount (including the amount, if any, which was already deposited before it) in an interest-yielding fixed deposit, in a Nationalised bank at Hyderabad, where the claimant is residing, as per the decision of the apex Court in Nagappa’s case (2 supra). vi) The claimant is also permitted to withdraw, every month, the interest that will be accrued on the amount directed to be deposited (as stated in clause (e) supra) at Hyderabad, to meet his present medical expenses, since it is submitted by the learned counsel appearing for the claimant that it would be convenient for the claimant to withdraw the interest at Hyderabad instead of Mahaboobnagar. (vii) The appeal as against the second and fourth respondents is hereby dismissed without costs. 98. (vii) The appeal as against the second and fourth respondents is hereby dismissed without costs. 98. Even though Sri Kota Subba Rao, learned Standing Counsel appeared for the New India Assurance Company Limited and advanced his arguments in the best interest of his client, still this Court-wanted to utilize his experience and accordingly sought for his assistance in the best interest of his client, still this Court-wanted to utilize his experience and accordingly sought for his assistance in the best interest of rendering justice. Accordingly, he obliged the request of this Bench and played the role of Amicus Curiae and assisted this Court on the questions of fact and law in order to arrive at a just conclusion, in accordance with law. 99. I put on record my sincere gratefulness and appreciation for his good gesture while discharging not only his professional duty but also assisting the Court in arriving at a just conclusion.