Judgment : 1. This Appeal is directed against the judgment and decree dated 24.10.2003 passed in O.S.No.205 of 1998 (old O.S.No.638 of 1990) on the file of III Additional District Judge at Vijayawada, whereby and whereunder the suit filed by the appellant was dismissed. 2. The parties will be referred as they are arrayed in the original suit for the sake of convenience. 3. The brief facts of the case are as follows:- The plaintiff is the adopted son of late Banda Satyanarayana & Sharadamba. He is also sister’s son of late Sharadamba. The first defendant – Lalithamba (died) is the sister of Sharadamba. After the death of the 1st defendant, her legal representatives were brought on record. Late Banda Satyanarayana, during his life time, bequeathed the suit schedule property to his wife Sharadamba under a registered Will in the year 1950. Banda Satyanarayana died on 16.1.1951 and the Will executed in favour of his wife Sharadamba came in to effect. It is the case of the plaintiff that he stayed with his adoptive mother for some time and later shifted to a separate residence. Late Sharadamba continued to live in one portion of the suit schedule house and she was letting out the remaining portions to defendants 2 to 7 and collecting rents from them. The first defendant is widowed sister of late Sharadamba. She had lost her only son and was residing with Sharadamba. Her daughter – 8th defendant, who got estranged with her husband, began to stay with her mother – the 1st defendant and her grand mother Sharadamba in the suit schedule house. 4. Late Sharadamba was admitted in St.Ann’s Hospital, Bandar Road, Vijayawada on 20.12.1978 and she died in the hospital on 1.1.1979. According to the plaintiff, he performed the obsequies of late Sharadamba as she is his adoptive mother. It is also his case that he was inherited the suit schedule properties being the sole legal heir and when he tried to take the suit schedule property, the first defendant and the tenants did not cooperate with him. Thereupon, he got issued registered notice dated 13.2.1979 to the first defendant and the tenants but the first defendant gave a reply setting up a false and forged Will dated 25.12.1978. Meanwhile, their relatives intervened and prevailing on the plaintiff to wait for some time hoping that better counsel might prevail with the first defendant. Thereupon, he got issued registered notice dated 13.2.1979 to the first defendant and the tenants but the first defendant gave a reply setting up a false and forged Will dated 25.12.1978. Meanwhile, their relatives intervened and prevailing on the plaintiff to wait for some time hoping that better counsel might prevail with the first defendant. Subsequently, the first defendant filed R.C.C.Nos.23 to 26 of 1980 on the file of the Rent Controller, Vijayawada against the fourth defendant who contested the claim of the first defendant claiming the property and one of the tenant J.V.Chalapathi Rao pleaded that he was paying rents to the plaintiff, and, subsequently, those RCCs were dismissed directing the first defendant to establish her title to the property against the plaintiff. The first defendant has not initiated any legal proceedings. The plaintiff made efforts to get the record of St.Ann’s Hospital, Vijayawada, but in vain. Basing on the above averments, the plaintiff filed a suit for recovery of possession for mesne profits and costs. 5. The first defendant filed written statement and denied the allegations made by the plaintiff. It is averred that the very fact of plaintiff instituting the suit after a long delay of about 11 years speaks the conduct of the plaintiff and that the suit has been filed to grab the property. The first defendant further admitted in the written statement about the execution of the registered Will by late Banda Satyanarayana in favour of his wife late Sardamba bequeathing the suit schedule property. The specific case of the first defendant is that as there were disputes between the plaintiff and late Sharadamba, the plaintiff started living separately and was ill treating Sharadamba and in the above circumstances, late Sharadamba executed a registered Will bequeathing all her properties in favour of the son of the first defendant U.V.Raghava Rao, but, subsequently, the said U.V.Raghava Rao died and that the first defendant was serving Sharadamba to her best satisfaction and the daughter of the first defendant K.P.Ramalakshmi was also serving Sharadamba. Late Sharadamba was very much impressed by the service of the first defendant and her daughter and she had expressed her intention to execute a Will bequeathing her properties to the first defendant. 6. Late Sharadamba was very much impressed by the service of the first defendant and her daughter and she had expressed her intention to execute a Will bequeathing her properties to the first defendant. 6. Thus, the case of the first defendant is that in pursuance of her intention, Late Sharadamba, in a sound and disposing state of mind, executed a Will dated 25.12.1978 bequeathing the properties in favour of the first defendant and her daughter K.P.Ramalakshmi. The Will was executed in the presence of attestors Vempati Venkata Brahmananda Rao and Sakala Venkatappayya and it was scribed by one Kamaraju Hanumantha Rao Sharma Pakayaji (Dharma Raju Hanumantha Rao). The factum of execution of Will by late Sharadamba was known to the plaintiff. The first defendant denied the averment of the plaintiff that late Sharadamba died intestate on 1.1.1979 and that the plaintiff inherited the plaint schedule property. She has also denied the other allegations made by the plaintiff that the plaintiff tried to take possession of the property and that she did not cooperate with the plaintiff. However, the first defendant admitted about the exchange of notices. She has also admitted about the dismissal of RCC Nos.23 to 26 of 1980 and the observation of the Rent Controller that the property rights over the petition schedule property have to be decided by a competent Civil Court and not by a tribunal. It is also the case of the plaintiff that some of the tenants vacated their respective portions and handed over vacant position to the first defendant recognizing her right over the property and subsequently, she had let out the portions to the new tenants who have been regularly paying rents to her. 7. Basing on the above pleadings, the lower Court framed the following issues:- 1. Whether the plaintiff is entitled to possession and profits regarding the suit property? 2. Whether the suit is belated? 3. Whether there was estrangement between plaintiff and his adoptive mother Sharadamba, as a result of his ill-treatment towards her? 4. Whether there was a Will executed by Sharadamba in favour of late U.V.Raghavarao, son of 1st defendant? 5. Whether the unregistered Will dated 25.12.1978 in favour of Defendant-1 and her daughter was validly executed in a sound state of health of mind by the late Sharadamba and it binds the plaintiff? 6. Whether the tenants have recognized the first defendant as their land lord? 5. Whether the unregistered Will dated 25.12.1978 in favour of Defendant-1 and her daughter was validly executed in a sound state of health of mind by the late Sharadamba and it binds the plaintiff? 6. Whether the tenants have recognized the first defendant as their land lord? 7. Whether there was mediation between plaintiff and D1? 8. Whether the plaintiff is entitled for interest? 9. To what relief? 8. On behalf of the plaintiff, the plaintiff himself was examined as P.W.1 and one Sister of Sugandhi was examined as P.W.2 and Exs.A1 to A5 were marked. On behalf of the defendants, D.Ws.1 to 3 were examined and Exs.B1 to B3 were marked and Exs.X-1 to X-7 were marked through witness. 9. The learned III Additional District Judge, Vijayawada, having considered the material and documentary evidence in detail, held that the defendants have proved the Will and that the plaintiff failed to prove that late Sharadamba was not in a sound and disposing state of mind at the time of execution of Will and that there are no suspicious circumstances surrounding the execution of Will and the testatrix of the Will had given valid reasons for executing the Will in favour of the first defendant and for not giving any properties to the plaintiff. The lower Court also held that it is the first defendant and the eighth defendant who were looking after the welfare of Sharadamba since a long time. The trial Court also held that the Will is proved by examining the children of the attestors. 10. Sri A.Ramalingeswara Rao, the leaned counsel for the appellant / plaintiff vehemently argued that the execution of Will is surrounded by suspicious circumstances and those suspicious circumstances have not been taken into consideration by the lower Court. His first submission is that the testatrix was admitted in the hospital and she was unconscious and the record shows that she was suffering from Cerebro Vascular Accident and in the above circumstances, there was no possibility of testatrix executing any Will and, therefore, the Will was fraudulently brought into existence. It is also his submission that none of the Doctors who treated Sharadamba were examined and admittedly neither any Doctor nor any nurse were present at the time of execution of the Will. It is also his submission that none of the Doctors who treated Sharadamba were examined and admittedly neither any Doctor nor any nurse were present at the time of execution of the Will. It is his submission that when Sharadamba was in hospital and was executing a Will, in all probabilities, they ought to have obtained the signature of the Doctor or at least the nurse to note down mental condition of Sharadamba to remove suspicious circumstance that she was unconscious and could not execute the Will. It is also his submission that admittedly, the first defendant and her daughter were present in the hospital at the time of execution of the Will and this shows that they had influenced Sharadamba to execute the Will and it is also another suspicious circumstance. It is his further submission that the 1st defendant did not whisper in her written statement that late Sharadamba was admitted in the hospital and it amounts to suppress of the fact. It is also his submission that neither the 1st defendant nor the 8th defendant who are the beneficiaries of the Will had not entered into the witness box to dispel the suspicious circumstances surrounding the execution of the Will and for not entering into the witness box, adverse inference has to be drawn against the defendants. It is also his submission that the Courts below has failed to evaluate the evidence in proper perspective and rushed to wrong conclusions. It is also his submission that the other circumstances that the Will was not registered and that late Sharadamba did not file any suit though there was an observation by the Rent Controller that property rights over the petition schedule property have to be decided by a competent Civil Court further strengthen the suspicious circumstances. It is also his submission that the appellant / plaintiff was trying to get necessary documents from the hospital and in spite of his making best efforts, he could not get the relevant documents to prove that late Sharadamba was unconscious during the period of her treatment and that he was also not having sufficient money to pay the Court fee and to meet the cost of litigation and in the above circumstances there was some delay in approaching the Court. It is also his submission that merely because there is a delay in approaching the Court or in challenging the claim of the 1st defendant, that itself cannot be made a ground to throw away the plaintiff out of the Court. 11. Per contra, the learned counsel for the respondents submitted that late Satyanarayana himself executed a Will bequeathing certain properties to the plaintiff and the suit schedule property to late Shardamba in the year 1950 and from that relations between the plaintiff and late Sharadamba were stained and that there was none to look late Sharadamba and that it is the 1st defendant and her daughter – the 8th defendant who were looking after late Shardamba and in the above circumstances, late Sharadamba initially executed a Will in favour of the son of first defendant but subsequently, the son of the first defendant – U.V.Raghava Rao died, and, therefore, the said Will became infructuous. It is also his submission that since the 1st defendant and her daughter were looking after late Sharadamba and she was satisfied with their services and intended to bequeath properties in their favour and as such, Late Sharadamba consulted her Advocate by name Chaganti Suryanarayana and expressed her intention to execute a Will. It is also his submission that the evidence on record shows that Late Sharadamba had given necessary instructions to Changanti Suryanarayana, Advocate, and that he prepared a draft Will and that it was read over to late Sharadamba and as per his direction, D.W.1 scribed the Will and later on, the contents of the fair copy of the Will were read over and explained to late Sharadamba and that Late Sharadamba affixed her thumb impression on the Will in the presence of two persons – Vempati Venkata Brahmananda Rao and Salaka Venkatappayya and that D.W.1 also signed as a scribe. It is also his submission that the evidence of D.W.1 clinchingly establishes that late Shardamba was in sound and disposing state of mind at the time of execution of the Will and that she had executed the Will in the presence of attestors and that there are no suspicious circumstances surrounding the execution of the Will. It is also his submission that the plaintiff did not refer to any suspicious circumstances in his claim except simply mentioning that the Will is a fabricated document and was obtained fraudulently. It is also his submission that the plaintiff did not refer to any suspicious circumstances in his claim except simply mentioning that the Will is a fabricated document and was obtained fraudulently. It is also his submission that when fraud is alleged, the burden lies on the plaintiff to prove such fraud. It is also his submission that the submissions of learned counsel the plaintiff that the plaintiff could not get the documents from the hospital and that the financial condition of the plaintiff was not good were not referred by the plaintiff either in his affidavit or in his chief examination. It is also his submission that it is an admitted case that the 1st defendant filed R.C.Cs against the tenants and that the Rent Controller had observed that the rights over the petition schedule property have to be decided by a competent Civil Court and that the plaintiff did not choose to get impleaded as a party to those proceedings. Learned counsel had referred to the evidence in support of his contention that there were strained relationship between the plaintiff and late Sharadamba and the contention of the plaintiff (P.W.1) that he visited the hospital when late Sharadamba was undergoing treatment cannot be accepted because subsequently he himself deposed that his brother informed that Late Sharadamba was unconscious in the hospital for a period of about one week. It is also his submission that the recitals of Ex.B.1 – original Will itself show under what circumstances Late Shardamba executed the Will and it is self explanatory and that the intention of the testatrix could be seen from the recitals of Ex.B1. It is also his submission that the very fact that the plaintiff (P.W.1) obtained Ex.A.5 after filing of the suit shows that he did not wait for any medical reports for filing the suit. Referring to the evidence of P.W.2 and the documents filed by the plaintiff, it is submitted that in the register of the hospital, it is noted as CAV and CAV, according to P.W.2, is Cardio Vascular Accident and the witness called at the instance of P.W.1 herself described that Late Shardamba had Cardio Vascular Accident it cannot be now termed as Cerebro Vascular Accident. 12. 12. It is also his submission that neither the case sheet is called for nor any Doctor is examined and that it is not the case of P.W.1 that he consulted the Doctor who treated Late Shardamba to show that late Shardamba was unconscious while undergoing treatment in the hospital. It is his submission that had the case sheet been filed, it would have revealed the health condition of late Shardamba as her everyday heart beat would be noted in the case sheet and it would have shown whether late Shardamba was unconscious or in sound state of mind. It is also his submission that in view of the delay in approaching the Court and in view of the delay caused in commencement of trial, valuable evidence has been lost and that the attestors who attested the Will died in the meanwhile and that Changanti Suryanarayana, Advocate, to whom late Shardamba gave instructions to draft the Will also died and for these circumstances, the plaintiff has to be blamed as he approached the Court belatedly, that too after about 12 years after the execution of the Will. It is his further submission that immediately after the death of late Shardamba there were exchange of notices between the parties in the year 1979 itself and that the first defendant, in her reply notice in Ex.B.3, categorically stated about the execution of the Will by late Sharadamba and also the particulars of the attestors who attested the Will and about giving of instructions by late Shardamba to his Advocate Changanti Suryanarayana. It is also his submission that when all particulars with regard to the execution of Will were already informed to the plaintiff in 1979 itself, the plaintiff kept quiet and did not raise his little finger, but, approached the Civil Court only in the year 1979 i.e., after a period of 12 years and that itself shows that the plaintiff has no case. It is also his submission that regarding the alleged suspicious circumstances surrounding the execution of the Will, no suggestions have been given to D.W.1 or to any of the witnesses examined on behalf of the defendants. It is also his submission that the attestors who attested the Will died and their children have been examined to identify the signatures of the attestors and their evidence clinchingly established that the Will was properly attested. It is also his submission that the attestors who attested the Will died and their children have been examined to identify the signatures of the attestors and their evidence clinchingly established that the Will was properly attested. It is also his submission that it is for the plaintiff to specifically plead the suspicious circumstances surrounding the Will in his pleadings and had the plaintiff raised those suspicious circumstances, the burden would have been shifted to the defendants to dispel those suspicious circumstances and since the plaintiff himself did not whisper any suspicious circumstances in his pleadings, the burden does not shift to the defendants. 13. In support of his contentions, learned counsel for the appellant / plaintiff had relied on the judgments in Sala Mohommed Jafferbhai Vs. Dame Janbai (1896 22 BOM. 17 (PC)), Rash Mohini Dasi Vs. Umesh Chunder Biswas (1898 25 CAL. 825 (PC)), Ram Gopal Lal Vs. Aipna Kunwar (1922 PRIVY COUNCIIL 366), Bhairab Chandra Das and others Vs. The Midnapur Zemindari Co., Ltd. (AIR 1924 CAL. 513), H.Venkatachala Iyengar Vs. B.N.Thimmajamma and others ( AIR 1959 SC 443 ), Ramachandra Rambux Vs. Champabai & others (AIR 1965 SC 354) N.Kamalam & another Vs. Ayyaswamy & another ( AIR 2001 SC 2802 ), B.Ramachandra Reddy and others Vs. Nelli Subbamma and another ( 2003 (1) ALD 763 ), Niranjan Umeshchandra Joshi Vs. Mrudula Jyothi Rao & ors (AIR 2007 SC 614), Benga Behera & Anr. v. Braja Kishore Nanda & Ors (AIR 2007 SUPREME COURT 1975), B.Venkatamuni Vs. C.J.Ayodhya Ram Singh (AIR 2007 SC 311), Kadiyala Appa Rao Vs. kadiyala Kamalamma ( 2008 (3) ALD 13 ), Bharpur Singh & others Vs. Shamsher Singh ( 2009 (3) SCC 687 ), Virupakshappa Malleshappa and others Vs. Smt.Akkamahadevi and others ( AIR 2002 KAR 83 ), Rabindra Nath Hazarika Vs. Phulti Hazarika ( AIR 2003 Gau 85 ), Gurdial Kaur and others Vs. Kartar Kaur & others ( 1998 (4) SCC 384 ), Sushila Bala Saha Vs. Saraswati Mondal ( AIR 1991 Cal 166 ), Surendra Nath Lahiri Vs. Jnanedra nath Lahiri (AIR 1932 Cal. 574), Raj Kumar Deen (died) per LRs. Vs. Dr.A.S.Din ( 1996 (4) ALT 360 ), Vidyadhar Vs. Mankikrao and another ( AIR 1999 SC 1441 ), G.Jayaprakash Vs. G.Saraswati and others ( 2010 (3) ALT 343 ), Balathandayutham and anothers Vs. Saraswati Mondal ( AIR 1991 Cal 166 ), Surendra Nath Lahiri Vs. Jnanedra nath Lahiri (AIR 1932 Cal. 574), Raj Kumar Deen (died) per LRs. Vs. Dr.A.S.Din ( 1996 (4) ALT 360 ), Vidyadhar Vs. Mankikrao and another ( AIR 1999 SC 1441 ), G.Jayaprakash Vs. G.Saraswati and others ( 2010 (3) ALT 343 ), Balathandayutham and anothers Vs. Ezhilarasan (2010 (3) SCALE 769) and Malampati Suryamba and others ( 2010 (1) ALT 228 ). 14. In support of his contentions, learned counsel for the respondent/defendant had relied on judgments in Muddana Malleswara Rao @ Sambasiva Rao Vs. Karanam Ramaiah & Nagaratnamma Charities rep. by Hereditary Managing Trustee, Sri Muddana Bhaskara Rao, and others ( 2008 (5) ALT 776 ) wherein, it was held that wherein a hindu widow is vested with certain properties which she enjoys even before adopting a child, the latter shall not divest even an adoptive mother of her rights in property, which vested in her before adoption. The above principle, which is found in proviso (c) to Section 12 of the Act, is further made clear in Section 13 of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 which is to the effect that adoption does not deprive the adoptive father or mother of their power to dispose of property by transfer inter vivos or by Will. Wherein a beneficiary under a will is residing in the house where the Will was executed, her presence at the time of execution of the Will was found to be not unnatural. It was observed by this Court that when execution takes place in the house where she is residing, there is nothing unnatural and, therefore, it cannot be treated as suspicious circumstance. 15. Having considered the above rival contentions, the points that arise for consideration in this appeal are as follows:- 1. Whether the propounder of the Will has proved the execution of the Will by Late Sharadamba; 2. Whether there are any suspicious circumstances surrounding the execution of the will; 3. Whether the testatrix was in a sound and disposing state of mind at the time of execution of the Will; 4. Whether the propounder had taken prominent role in execution of the will; 16. The entire sum and substance of the decisions relied upon by the learned counsel for the appellant/plaintiff and learned counsel for the respondent/defendant is capsulated in the following paragraph. 17. Whether the propounder had taken prominent role in execution of the will; 16. The entire sum and substance of the decisions relied upon by the learned counsel for the appellant/plaintiff and learned counsel for the respondent/defendant is capsulated in the following paragraph. 17. The Will must be attested by at least two witnesses; Will cannot be used as evidence until at least one of the witnesses is called for the purpose of proving its execution; Every allegation cannot be treated as suspicious unless they are well founded on a close scrutiny; Adoption does not deprive the adoptive father or mother of their power to dispose of the property by transfer inter vivos or by Will; When the execution of Will takes place in the same house in which the beneficiary has been residing, her presence at the time of execution of Will cannot be treated as unnatural; When the attestor is not alive, his signature can be proved by examining the person who can identify the attestor’s signature; Burden of proof that the Will was forged or that it was obtained by undue influence or coercion or by playing fraud is on the person who alleges it to be so; Initial burden lies on the challenger to prove that there are suspicious circumstances surrounding the execution of Will; if the execution of Will is surrounded by suspicious circumstances, then the burden shifts to the propounder to prove that there are no such suspicious circumstances in executing the Will; and the suspicious circumstances should be abnormal. POINT Nos.1 & 2:- 18. It is settled law that execution of Will must be proved in accordance with law. Chapter V of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, (‘the Evidence Act’, for brevity) deals with the subject of documentary evidence. 19. POINT Nos.1 & 2:- 18. It is settled law that execution of Will must be proved in accordance with law. Chapter V of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, (‘the Evidence Act’, for brevity) deals with the subject of documentary evidence. 19. Sections 67, 68 and 69 of the Evidence Act are as follows:- “Section 67 - Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced If a document is alleged to be signed or to have been written wholly or in part by any person, the signature or the handwriting of so much of the document as is alleged to be in that person's handwriting must be proved to be in his handwriting.” “Section 68 - Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested If a document is required by law to be attested, it shall not be used as evidence until one attesting witness at least has been called for the purpose of proving its execution, if there be an attesting witness alive, and subject to the process of the Court and capable of giving evidence:” “Section 69 - Proof where no attesting witness found If no such attesting witness can be found, or if the document purports to have been executed in the United Kingdom, it must be proved that the attestation of one attesting witness at least is in his handwriting, and that the signature of the person executing the documents is in the handwriting of that person.” 20. Whether the attesting witness is either dead or out of the jurisdiction of the Court or cannot be traced despite diligent search, then Section 69 of the Evidence Act would apply. 21. Coming to the facts of the case on hand, admittedly, the plaintiff is the adoptive son of Late Bandaru Satyanarayana. Late Bandaru Satyanarayana had a son through his first wife who died without issues, though married. It appears that Late Bandaru Satyanarayana, having regard to the circumstances then existing, executed a Will bequeathing the suit schedule building to his second wife – Late Sharadamba and the adjacent building to the plaintiff, i.e., to his adoptive son. He had also made a provision by allotting a portion of the property to the wife of his pre-deceased son. It appears that Late Bandaru Satyanarayana, having regard to the circumstances then existing, executed a Will bequeathing the suit schedule building to his second wife – Late Sharadamba and the adjacent building to the plaintiff, i.e., to his adoptive son. He had also made a provision by allotting a portion of the property to the wife of his pre-deceased son. It is the case of the defendants that the plaintiff and Late Sharadamba were having strained relations and, therefore, Late Sharadamba executed a will in favour of her sister’s son – U.V.Raghava Rao. A reading of the evidence gives an impression that there were strained relations between the plaintiff and Late Sharadamba (P.W.1). The following circumstances show the strained relationship. Admittedly, Bandaru Satyanarayana executed a Will giving separate properties to the adoptive son and to his wife Late Sharadamba and to the wife of the pre-deceased son during his life time, probably with an idea that there would not be any further disputes between them and that his wife would not be deprived of the properties which he intended to give to her. P.W.1 admitted that by the year 1962, himself and his adoptive mother – Late Sharadamba were residing separately. Thus, since about 16 years prior to the execution of the Will on 25.12.1978 by Late Sharadamba, the plaintiff (P.W.1) and Late Sharadamba were residing separately. It is the case of the defendants that the first defendant, her daughter and her son U.V.Raghava Rao were looking after the needs and necessities of Late Sharadamba which fact has not been denied by P.W.1. According to P.W.1, he does not know whether said U.V.Raghava Rao was looking after the needs and necessities of his adoptive mother even after 1962. When he was questioned about the Will executed by Late Sharadamba in favour of Late U.Veera Raghava Rao, he deposed as follows “I am not aware of the registration and execution of the will deed in favour of the U.V.Raghava Rao bequeathing the suit schedule property as he was looking after the needs and necessities of the adoptive mother at her advanced age”. Thus, admittedly, the plaintiff was not looking after Late Sharadamba. The execution of Will in favour of U.V.Raghava Rao and subsequently registering the same on 20.03.1962 shows the intention of Late Sharadamba that she was determined to give the property to the son of the first defendant – Lalithamba. Thus, admittedly, the plaintiff was not looking after Late Sharadamba. The execution of Will in favour of U.V.Raghava Rao and subsequently registering the same on 20.03.1962 shows the intention of Late Sharadamba that she was determined to give the property to the son of the first defendant – Lalithamba. The execution of will in favour of U.V.Raghava Rao is the second strong circumstance in favour of the defendant and against the plaintiff which shows the intention of Late Sharadamba with regard to the dispossession of her properties. The third circumstance showing the strained relationship between Late Sharadamba and the plaintiff is that the plaintiff did not participate in the cremation of the dead body of Late Sharadamba. According to P.W.1, he was not informed and, therefore, he could not participate in the cremation. Admittedly, Late Sharadamba was admitted in the hospital on 20.12.1978 and subsequently died on 31.12.1979. According to P.W.1, his brother Narayana Rao is an ordinary resident of Vijayawada and during that period, he was residing at Eluru and on coming to know that Late Sharadamba was admitted in hospital, he visited the hospital on 22.12.1978. He has also deposed that after visiting her in the hospital, he went away as she was unconscious. He has also admitted that he did not stay in the hospital to look after the needs and necessities of Late Sharadamba. He has also admitted that he did not ask anyone of his family members to attend on Late Sharadamba even after coming to know that she was admitted in the hospital or even after his visit to the hospital. According to him, as Late Sharadamba was unconscious, he did not instruct any of his family members to attend on her. These circumstances clichingly establishes that the relationship between Late Sharadamba and the plaintiff were stained. 22. It is settled law that surrounding circumstances have to be taken into consideration as to whether Late Sharadamba intended to execute a Will. Admittedly, U.V.Raghava Rao, in whose favour she executed the will, died in the year 1962. Admittedly, first defendant – Lalithamba and the sister of Late Sharadamba were looking after Late Sharadamba during the relevant period. There is nothing unnatural for Late Sharadamba to express her desire to execute a Will in favour of her sister – Lalithamba. The recitals of the Will also throw some light on this aspect. Admittedly, first defendant – Lalithamba and the sister of Late Sharadamba were looking after Late Sharadamba during the relevant period. There is nothing unnatural for Late Sharadamba to express her desire to execute a Will in favour of her sister – Lalithamba. The recitals of the Will also throw some light on this aspect. The recitals of Ex.B.1 – Will reveal that Late Sharadamba had explained the circumstances under which she had executed the Will. The recitals of Ex.B.1 show that Late Sharadamba was aged about 68 years on the date of execution of the Will. Her husband died in the year 1951. Her husband executed a Will on 30.12.1950 and bequeathed the suit schedule property to her. She had also mentioned that she was not feeling well since about one week and, therefore, she wanted to execute a Will. She had also referred to the Will executed by her in favour of her sister’s son U.V.Raghava Rao and about the death of U.V.Raghava Rao. Ex.B.1 also shows that Late Sharadamba categorically stated that there were strained relations between herself and the plaintiff. 23. Now it has to be seen whether the defendants have proved the execution of Will. It is the case of the defendants that Late Sharadamba executed the Will on 25.12.1978. Admittedly, the plaintiff got issued legal notice in Ex.A.1 to the first defendant and others claiming right over the suit land. The said notice was issued on 13.02.1979 i.e. within three months from the date of death of Late Sharadamba. Ex.B.3 is the reply notice issued on behalf of the first defendant and her daughter K.P.Rama Lakshmi. It has to be seen that Ex.B.3 contains al the particulars. It refers to the circumstances under which Ex.B.1 Will was executed i.e. strained relationship between Late Sharadamba and the plaintiff, execution of Will in favour of U.V.Raghava Rao by Late Sharadamba, death of U.V.Raghava Rao, giving instructions by Late Sharadamba to Sri Late Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate, preparing of draft will, explaining the contents of the Will to Late Sharadamba, execution of Will and attestation of the Will by the attestors. Thus, by sending reply notice in Ex.B.3 to the plaintiff, the defendants categorically informed about the execution of Ex.B.1 – Will to the plaintiff. Thus, by sending reply notice in Ex.B.3 to the plaintiff, the defendants categorically informed about the execution of Ex.B.1 – Will to the plaintiff. Admittedly, the plaintiff did not challenge the Will till he filed the present suit on 18.12.1990 i.e., for about 11 years, the plaintiff kept quiet. Of course, he claims that he had addressed a letter to the Superintendent of St.Anns Hospital, Vijayawada to obtain medical certificate in respect of health condition of Late Sharadamba. The case of the defendants is that the draft Will was prepared by P.W.1 as per the instructions of Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate. 24. The evidence of D.W.2 – S.Srinivas shows that his father Sakala Venkatappaiah died on 29.10.1998. The evidence of D.W.1 – N.V.Ananda Kumar shows that his father’s brother Vempati Venkata Bramhananada Rao, who was unmarried, died on 24.10.1993. According to the defendants, the Will was executed on 25.12.1978 and their specific case is that Late Sharadamba gave instructions to her advocate Chaganti Suryanarayana who prepared the draft Will and directed D.W.1 – Dharmaraju Hanumantha Rao to prepare the will. According to D.W.1, basing on the draft prepared by Late Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate, he prepared the fair copy of the Will. It is most unfortunate that both the attestors died and could not be examined. Similarly, Late Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate, to whom according to the defendants, Late Sharadamba gave instructions to prepare the Will, is also no more. Then who is responsible for this kind of situation. Admittedly, P.W.1 was cross-examined on 30.12.2002 i.e. after about 12 years after the filing of the suit i.e. after 24 years after the date of execution of the Will. 25. Due to lapse of time and inaction on the part of the parties or due to the pendency of the proceedings in the Court or due to the inordinate delay in disposal of the cases, the net result is that valuable evidence might be vanished or the witnesses might have died or might not be available or the valuable documentary evidence might be lost by the time trial is commenced. It may be very difficult to secure the witnesses who are well versed with the facts of the case after a period of two decades. It may be very difficult to secure the witnesses who are well versed with the facts of the case after a period of two decades. Had the plaintiff filed the suit immediately after receiving Ex.B.3 notice either in the year 1979 or in the year 1980, then probably, the doctors who treated Late Sharadamba and the case sheet of Late Sharadamba could have been made available to the Court and the doctors who treated Late Sharadamba could have been examined before the Court to speak about the mental condition of Late Sharadamba and the plaintiff would have got an opportunity to cross-examine Late Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate who, according to the defendants, prepared the draft of the will and instructed D.W.1 to prepare the fair copy of the Will. The proverb “Delay defeats the justice” is aptly applicable to this case. 26. According to D.W.2, his father Sakala Venkatappaiah died on 29.10.1998. He has deposed that he knows the handwriting of his father and that he could identify the signature of his father. When this witness was shown the signature of his father in Ex.B.1 – Will, he identified the signature of his father. He has also deposed that he was aged about 13 years in 1978 and the documents of the year 1978 in which his father signed, were not available in his house. This witness was asked to produce the documents of the year 1978 in 2003. When he was asked to produce the documents of 25 years old and when D.W.2 says that such documents are not available, we cannot find fault with D.W.2 and we cannot discard his evidence on this ground. According to D.W.2, his father died at the age of 81 years. Similarly, according to D.W.3, his senior paternal uncle Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao signed as attestor in the Will. He has also deposed that his senior paternal uncle Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao was unmarried and had no issues. He has further deposed that he was moving closely with Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao and, therefore, he could identify the signature of Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao and when he was asked to identify the signature of Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao on Ex.B.1, he identified the signature on Ex.B.1. According to D.W.3, Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao bequeathed lands under Ex.A.7 under a Will in the year 1993. According to D.W.3, Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao bequeathed lands under Ex.A.7 under a Will in the year 1993. Then the witness produced the Will and the Xerox copy of the Will deed dated 04.06.1993 executed by Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao is marked as Ex.X.7. According to D.W.3, Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao was working as clerk and he died at the age of 78 years. When he was asked to compare the signatures of Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao found on Ex.B.1 and Ex.X.7, D.W.3 deposed that he did not find any difference between the said signatures of Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao on Ex.B.1 and Ex.X.7. Further, he has also admitted that on seeing Ex.X.7, he could say that his paternal uncle, while scribing signature, stopped at one point and no such stoppage was noticed in the signature of his paternal uncle in Ex.B.1. This witness also expressed his inability to produce the documents of the year 1978 containing the signatures of his paternal uncle. The evidence of D.W.3 reveals that the original of Ex.X.7 was with him and Ex.X.7 also shows the signature of his senior paternal uncle - Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao. Therefore, the signatures of Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao found in Ex.B.7 and in its original was available for comparision with the signature of said attestor on Ex.B.1 and according to D.W.3, he had compared both the signatures. Both these witnesses have denied they are giving false evidence to support the case of defendants. Hence, there appears to be nothing to disbelieve the version of these two witnesses. 27. Coming to the evidence of D.W.1 – Kondaiah, he is the scribe of the will. According to him, he prepared the will at the residence of Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate, and that both the attestors, namely Sakala Venkatappaiah and Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao were also called to the house of Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate, and then all of them proceeded to the hospital at about 04:00 P.M. His deposed as follows:- “ we all went to American Hospital. Banda Sharadamba was found in the room situated in the first floor. Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate, read over the contents and explained the contents of the Will to Sharadamba, in my presence and Attestors. The executant got up from the bed and heard the contents sitting on the bed of the hospital. Banda Sharadamba was found in the room situated in the first floor. Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate, read over the contents and explained the contents of the Will to Sharadamba, in my presence and Attestors. The executant got up from the bed and heard the contents sitting on the bed of the hospital. She agreed with the contents mentioned in the will and requested him and attestors to attest the will. Both the attestors signed in the presence of the executant on the will. When I was about to sign as an attestor, Suryanarayana, Advocate objected me for signing as attestor as I happened to be scribe of the will. So I scribed my signature on the will in the capacity of scribe.” He further deposed that both the attestors appended signatures after the executant affixed her thumb impression on the Will. He was thoroughly cross-examined. He has deposed that he had no knowledge as to why Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate, was calling him to his house and only on reaching his house, he came to know about the purpose. According to him, Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate, prepared draft Will in his presence. His evidence reveals that he had not seen Late Sharadamba prior to that date and for the first time he had seen her in the American Hospital and that he had no occasion to see her subsequently. According to him, she was in a room and not in the hospital ward. He further deposed that he did not enquire with Late Sharadamba with regard to her health problems. The evidence of D.W.1 also shows that both the attestors died. When both the attestors are not available, Section 68 of the Act is not applicable but Section 69 of the Act is applicable. Section 69 of the Act envisages that it must be proved that the attestation of one attesting witness at least is in his handwriting, and that the signature of the person executing the document is in the handwriting of that person. Admittedly, the thumb impression of Late Sharadamba was obtained on the ground that she was unable to sign. The plaintiff who claims to be the adoptive son of Late Sharadamba did not produce any other document containing the thumb impression of Late Sharadamba for the purpose of comparison of the same with the thumb impression of Late Sharadamba on Ex.B.1 – Will. 28. The plaintiff who claims to be the adoptive son of Late Sharadamba did not produce any other document containing the thumb impression of Late Sharadamba for the purpose of comparison of the same with the thumb impression of Late Sharadamba on Ex.B.1 – Will. 28. As seen from the evidence of D.Ws.2 and 3, it appears that the evidence of D.W.3 proves the signature of one of the atteators – Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao on Ex.B.1 – Will. According to D.W.3, the signature of Vempati Venkata Bramhananda Rao on Ex.A.7 was tallying with his signature of on Ex.B.1 – Will. As far as the signature of other attestor is concerned, the comparision of signature could not be done as per Section 73 of the Act. When the witnesses are asked to produce the documents containing the signatures of the attestors, naturally such documents could not be made available after a period of 25 years. In the circumstances, I hold hat the defendants, by the evidence of D.Ws.2 and 3, have proved the signatures of the atteators on Ex.B.1 – Will, particularly the evidence of D.W.3 appears to be sufficient in the light of Section 69 of the Evidence Act. D.W.1, though he is not an attestor, however categorically deposed hat he had witnessed Late Sharadamba affixing her thump impression on Ex.B.1 – Will in the presence of the attestors and that then he signed the same as scribe. Though a person might have acted as a scribe, but, still we have to consider his evidence to know whether he was present at the time of execution of the Will and whether he had witnessed the testator or testatrix and attestors signing the Will. If his evidence on those aspects is acceptable, should be reject his evidence merely because he is described as scribe. When, in fact, he had played both the roles i.e. as scribe and as an attestor, why cannot we consider his evidence as an attestor? However, the evidence of D.W.1 proves that he is the scribe of the document and that the testatrix had put her thumb impression in his presence on Ex.B.1 – Will. 29. It is argued that D.W.1 signed the Will as ‘Dharmaraju Hanumantha Rao Pakayaji’ whereas in the deposition before the Court, he signed as ‘D.Hanumantha Rao’ in English. However, the evidence of D.W.1 proves that he is the scribe of the document and that the testatrix had put her thumb impression in his presence on Ex.B.1 – Will. 29. It is argued that D.W.1 signed the Will as ‘Dharmaraju Hanumantha Rao Pakayaji’ whereas in the deposition before the Court, he signed as ‘D.Hanumantha Rao’ in English. Merely because the witness signed as ‘D.Hanumantha Rao’ in his deposition and signed in his full name in the Will, that cannot be a circumstance to disbelieve his evidence. POINT No.3:- 31. Now it has to be seen whether the deceased was in sound and disposing state of mind at the time of execution of the will. Admittedly, Late Sharadamba was admitted in hospital. Even according to P.W.1, he visited the hospital only on 22.12.1978. Subsequently, he did not visit the hospital. Admittedly, he did not direct any one of his family members to visit the hospital. Therefore, there is no direct oral evidence adduced on behalf of the plaintiff to show the health condition of Late Sharadamba. According to P.W.1, she was unconscious throughout his visit to the hospital. On behalf of P.W.1, P.W.2 has been examined. P.W.2 is working as Administrator in St.Anns Hospital, Vijayawada. According to him, Late Sharadamba was admitted in their hospital on 20.12.1978 and that the relevant entry is noted at Page 491 against Sl.No.17447 and the authenticated Xerox copy is marked as Ex.C.1. According to P.W.2, Late Sharadamba died on 01.01.1979 and the same is mentioned at page No.201 against Sl.No.4 of dead register and Ex.X.2 is the authenticated Xerox copy of that entry. After comparision with the originals, Exs.X.1 and X.2 were returned to the witnesses. According to P.W.2, as per the entries made in Ex.X.1 and X.2, Late Sharadamba was admitted in the hospital due to Cardio Vascular accident. According to him, Late Sharadamba was admitted in General ward. It is elicited in the cross-examination that the entries in the last column of the admission register were written with different ink from that of the entries noted in the other columns. The witness explained that the last column will be only filled at the time of discharge or death of the patient and, therefore, it may be with different ink. P.W.2 is not a medical professional. He is not a doctor who treated Late Sharadamba. 31. The witness explained that the last column will be only filled at the time of discharge or death of the patient and, therefore, it may be with different ink. P.W.2 is not a medical professional. He is not a doctor who treated Late Sharadamba. 31. Learned counsel for the appellant argued that Ex.X.1 shows that in Ex.A.5 it is noted as Cerebro Vascular Accident but in Ex.X.1 it is noted as CVA. According to P.W.2, ‘CVA’ is Cardio Vascular Accident. Of course, in Ex.X.2 it is noted as Cerebro Vascular Accident, but when P.W.2 himself deposed that it is Cardio Vascular Accident basing on entry in Ex.X.2, we cannot discard his evidence and hold that the deceased was suffering from Cerebro Vascular Accident, particularly in the absence of any suggestion given to P.W.2 or in the absence of treating the witness as a hostile witness. Moreover, no evidence has been adduced to show that the patient was suffering from Cerebro Vascular Accident. 32. Though the burden lies on the plaintiff to prove that the testatrix was in sound and disposing state of mind, but in view of the lapse of time from the date of execution of the Will in view of the evidence of D.W.1 that he was present in the hospital when Late Sharadamba was read over the contents of the Will and that she rose from her bed, sat on it and heard the contents of the Will and then affixed her thumb impression on the Will, now it cannot be said that Late Sharadamba was not in a sound and disposing state of mind to execute the Will. Though the initial burden lies on the defendants, but, by examining D.W.1, it appears that they have proved that Late Sharadamba was in a sound and disposing state of mind and now, the burden shifts to the plaintiffs who failed to adduce any evidence in support of his contention that Late Sharadamba was continuously unconscious during the period of her treatment in the hospital. POINT No.4:- 33. The other points argued by the learned counsel for the appellant are that presence of Lalithamba in the hospital is a suspicious circumstance and it shows that she had influenced the testatrix in execution of the Will. Admittedly, Late Sharadamba was not having any other issues. The plaintiff, who was her adoptive son, was not looking after her. The other points argued by the learned counsel for the appellant are that presence of Lalithamba in the hospital is a suspicious circumstance and it shows that she had influenced the testatrix in execution of the Will. Admittedly, Late Sharadamba was not having any other issues. The plaintiff, who was her adoptive son, was not looking after her. Naturally, she was depending on her sister – the first defendant and her sister’s daughter and they were looking after Late Sharadamba in the hospital. In the above circumstances, there appears to be nothing unnatural if the first defendant – Lalithamba was present in the hospital at the time of execution of the Will. There is nothing on record to show that she had any dominant nature or was influencing Late Sharadamba. In the absence of such circumstance, mere presence of the propounder of the Will at the time of the execution of the Will may not be sufficient to hold that it is a strong suspicious circumstance to disbelieve the execution of the Will. It has to be seen that the first defendant is none other than the sister of Late Sharadamba. Of course, the plaintiff is also the son of one of the sisters of Late Sharadamba, but the evidence on record shows that the relationship between the plaintiff and Late Sharadamba were stained. Moreover, the strong circumstance in favour of the defendants is that Late Sharadamba executed an earlier Will in favour of son of the first defendant – U.V.Raghava Rao who subsequently died. In the above circumstances, there is nothing unnatural for Late Sharadamba to execute the Will bequeathing her property in favour of her sister who was looking after her. 34. The other suspicious circumstance argued by the learned counsel for the appellant is that in R.C.Cs, the Rent Controller observed that it is for the first defendant to prove her title but in spite of the said observation, the first defendant did not file any suit. It is not the case of the plaintiff that the first defendant did not claim the properties under the Will in the said R.C.C. proceedings. Merely because Late Sharadamba did not file any suit in pursuance of the observations made in the RCC, that itself cannot be treated as suspicious circumstance. 35. It is not the case of the plaintiff that the first defendant did not claim the properties under the Will in the said R.C.C. proceedings. Merely because Late Sharadamba did not file any suit in pursuance of the observations made in the RCC, that itself cannot be treated as suspicious circumstance. 35. It is also argued that the defendants did not examine any one of the doctors who treated Late Sharadamba. It has to be seen that even P.W.2 did not specifically deposed that the Doctors who treated Late Sharadamba were available at the time of trial. As discussed above, since the trial commenced after 25 years after the execution of the Will, we cannot find fault with the defendants for non-examination of the Doctors. There is no evidence to show that though Doctors were available for examination, the defendants failed to examine them. If that is the case, nothing prevented the plaintiffs to examine any Doctor who treated Late Sharadamba to prove her health condition. Since Late Sharadamba gave valid reasons for disinheriting the plaintiff, that cannot be treated as one of the suspicious circumstance. 36. It is argued that the fact of her stay in the hospital was not noted in the Will. It is true that the fact that Late Sharadamba was undergoing treatment in the hospital was not noted in the Will, but however, the Will shows that Late Sharadamba categorically stated that she was suffering from ill health for one week prior to the date of execution of the Will. Thus, this circumstance also cannot help the plaintiff in proving his case. 37. It is argued that Late Chaganti Suryanarayana, Advocate, himself arranged the scribe and the attestors but he did not attest the Will. It has to be seen that Late Chaganti Suryanarayana was a practicing advocate and since two attestors were already available, there was no need for him to sign the Will as one of the attestors. When attesting witnesses were available, there is no need to take any attestor to the hospital as attesting witness. Thus, this circumstance also cannot be treated as a suspicious circumstance. 38. It is argued that the thumb impression of Late Sharadamba in the Will dated 20.03.1962 executed in favour of U.V.Raghava Rao differs from that of the thumb impression on the impugned Will dated 2012.1978. Thus, this circumstance also cannot be treated as a suspicious circumstance. 38. It is argued that the thumb impression of Late Sharadamba in the Will dated 20.03.1962 executed in favour of U.V.Raghava Rao differs from that of the thumb impression on the impugned Will dated 2012.1978. If that is the case, the plaintiffs ought to have taken steps for causing protection of the original Will dated 20.03.1962 executed by Late Sharadamba in favour of U.V.Raghava Rao and ought to have taken steps to send both the documents for comparision of the thumb impression of Late Sharadamba. As there is no such act on the part of the plaintiffs, there is nothing to disbelieve this evidence also. 39. It is argued that Ex.B.1 does not look natural and appears to have been provided only in order to fill up the singed papers. Merely because there are impressions on one or two signatures in Ex.B.1, it cannot be said that it is provided in order to fill up the signed papers. 40. It is argued that the first defendant did not enter into the witness box. Of course, by non-examination of a party in certain circumstances, adverse inference can be drawn, but having regard to the peculiar facts and circumstances of the instant case, non-examination of the first defendant cannot be treated as fatal to the case of the defendants. 41. Having considered the entire evidence on record and the impugned judgment, I do not find any valid and legal reasons to interfere with the reasoned judgment of the Court below. The Appeal Suit is devoid of merits and is liable to be dismissed. 42. Accordingly, the Appeal Suit is dismissed. However, in the circumstances, I refrain from making any order as to costs.