JUDGMENT : 1. Since the challenge involved raises the question as to the validity of Articles 15(5) and 21-A of the Constitution of India, we are of the view that the matter needs to be referred to the Constitution Bench of five Judges. 2. Issue Rule Nisi. 3. Learned Solicitor General waives service of the Rule. All the respondents are before us. Counter affidavits be filed within four weeks. 4. These Petitions be placed before the Constitution Bench for Directions on a suitable date.