ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifr dksBkjh-&izkFkhZ@vfHk;qDrk Jherh mfeZyk fot; dh vksj ls /kkjk 482 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr ;g ;kfpdk vfrfjDr eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV] Øe-7] t;iqj uxj] t;iqj }kjk blds fo:) /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- esa izlaKku ysus ds vkns'k fnukad 21-12-2010 rFkk blds fo:) izLrqr fuxjkuh esa bls iq"V djus ds fof'k"B U;k;k/kh'k] efgyk mRihM+u ,oa ngst izdj.k] t;iqj uxj] t;iqj ds vkns'k fnukad 2 Qjojh] 2011 ls O;fFkr gksdj izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- i`"BHkwfe bl izdkj gS fd fnukad 12-7-2010 dks ifjoknh Jh txeksgu eh.kk us izkfFkZuh rFkk vU; 4 O;fDr;ksa dks vfHk;qDr cukrs gq, ,d ifjokn vfrfjDr flfoy U;k;k/kh'k ¼ofj"B [k.M½ ,oa vij eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV Øe 7] t;iqj 'kgj ds U;k;ky; esa izLrqr fd;k] tks U;k;ky; }kjk iqfyl Fkkuk ctktuxj dks tkap gsrq izsf"kr fd;k x;kA iqfyl us bl ij tkap djus ds mijkUr vfHk;qDr egsUnz ds fo:) /kkjk 376] 313] 201 o 120-ch Hkk-n-la- dk vijk/k fl) ik;k] fdUrq bldh e`R;q gks pqdh gSA vfHk;qDrk lqjtkckbZ rFkk jkethyky ds fo:) /kkjk 376 lifBr /kkjk 109 Hkk-na-la- dk vijk/k fl) ik;k vkSj izkfFkZuh Jherh mfeZyk fot; ds fo:) /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- dk vijk/k izekf.kr ik;kA bl izdkj bu rhuksa vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo:) vkjksi i= izLrqr fd;kA vfrfjDr eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV] Øe-7] t;iqj us mDr izdkj lgk;d yksd vfHk;kstd }kjk vkjksi i= izLrqr djus ij tgka jkethyky ,oa lqjtkckbZ ds fo:) /kkjk 376 lifBr /kkjk 109 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k esa izlaKku fy;k] ogha izkfFkZuh mfeZyk fot; ds fo:) /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k dk izlaKku fy;kA 3- izkfFkZuh dh vksj ls mDr U;k;ky; esa ;g izkFkZuk i= izLrqr fd;k x;k fd og jktLFkku ljdkj ds v/khu dk;Zjr jktif=r vf/kdkjh gS vkSj bl izdkj yksdlsod gS ftlds fo:) /kkjk 197 na-iz-la- ds vUrxZr jkT; ljdkj dh fcuk Lohd`fr ds izlaKku ugha fy;k tk ldrk gSA ;g vkifRr Hkh yh xbZ fd ?kVuk fnukad 20 ebZ] 2004 dh gS vkSj izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ 6 o"kZ ckn fnukad 15 tqykbZ] 2010 dks ntZ djk;h xbZ gSA /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- ds vUrxZr dsoyek= ,d ekg dh ltk dk izko/kku gksus ds dkj.k /kkjk 468 na-iz-la- ds vuqlkj blds fo:) fy;k x;k izlaKku vof/k ckf/kr gSA U;k;ky; us bl izkFkZuk i= dks ;g fy[krs gq, fu.khZr fd;k fd ,d ckj izlaKku fy;s tkus ds i'pkr~ U;k;ky; vius bl vkns'k ij iqufoZpkj ugha dj ldrk gS] vr% izkFkhZuh pkgs rks vihy@fuxjkuh U;k;ky; esa blds fo:) mipkj izkIr dj ldrh gSA bl ij izkFkhZuh dh vksj ls fuxjkuh ;kfpdk izLrqr dh xbZ tks fof'k"B U;k;k/kh'k] efgyk mRihM+u ,oa ngst izdj.k] t;iqj uxj }kjk vius vkns'k fnukad 2 Qjojh] 2011 ls vLohd`r dh xbZA fo}ku~ fuxjkuh U;k;ky; us ;g mYys[k fd;k fd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ nsjh ls ntZ djk;h xbZ gS vFkok ugha rFkk bl foyEc dk D;k izHkko gS] ;g izlaKku dh LVst ij ns[ks tkus ;ksX; ugha gSA izdj.k ds fopkj.k ds nkSjku gh bl ij fopkj fd;k tk;sxkA /kkjk 197 na-iz-la- ls lacaf/kr vkifRr ds laca/k esa mYys[k fd;k fd vfHk;qDr }kjk viuh M;wVh ds nkSjku tkucw>dj ,d ukckfyx yM+dh ds lkFk egsUnz }kjk 'kkjhfjd laca/k cuk;s tkus gsrq egsUnz ds lkFk "kM;aa= jpdj egsUnz }kjk lqeu ds lkFk 'kkjhfjd laca/k cuk;s tkus esa enn dh gS] ,sls vkijkf/kd d`R; dks vfHk;qDr ds inh; drZO; ds fuoZgu ls ugha tksM+k tk ldrk gS vkSj bl dkj.k vfHk;qDr bl izko/kku dk ykHk izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh ugha gSA /kkjk 468 na-iz-la- dh vkifRr ds laca/k esa ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k fd izdj.k esa lg vfHk;qDrx.k lqjtknsoh ,oa jkethyky ds fo:) Hkk-na-la- dh /kkjk 376 lifBr /kkjk 109 ds vUrxZr izlaKku fy;k x;k gS vkSj mDr vijk/k ds fy, fu/kkZfjr ltk dh vof/k dks ns[krs gq, ;g rdZ Hkh Lohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; ugha gSA bl izdkj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds izlaKku vkns'k esa dksbZ =qfV ugha ikrs gq, fuxjkuh vLohd`r dh xbZA 4- mYys[kuh; gS fd bl izdj.k dh vUoh{kk Hkh mDr fuxjkuh U;k;ky; esa izdj.k varfjr gksus ds dkj.k izkjEHk gks pqdh gS vkSj fnukad 3-2-2011 dks izkfFkZuh mfeZyk fot; ds fo:) /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- dk vijk/k vkjksfir dj vUoh{kk izkjEHk dh tk pqdh gSA 5- mDr nksuksa vkns'k fnukad 21-12-2010 rFkk 2-2-2011 dks pqukSrh nsrs gq, fo}ku vf/koDrk izkFkhZ dk eq[; rdZ ;g gS fd izFke rks tks ifjokn izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] mlds vk/kkj ij gh izkFkhZ ds fo:) okLro esa dksbZ vijk/k ugha curkA lqeu ds xHkZorh gksus dk vijk/k ekpZ 2004 ds izFke lIrkg dk gS D;ksafd fnukad 20-5-2004 dks tc lqeu dks vLirky esa HkrhZ djk;k x;k] rc mlds yxHkx <kbZ ekg dk xHkZ FkkA mDr vijk/k ckfydk lq/kkj x`g esa xfBr gqvk gS tgka lqeu HkrhZ Fkh vkSj izkfFkZuh bl le; ckfydk lq/kkj x`g dh bUpktZ ugha Fkh vfirq f'k'kq x`g esa v/kh{kd FkhA blds ikl ckfydk lq/kkj x`g dk pktZ dsoy ek= fnukad 7-2-2004 ls 24-2-2004 rd 17 fnu gh jgk gSA vijk/k ds ?kfVr gksus ds le; ckfydk lq/kkj x`g dk tkpZ vatuk ekuo ds ikl FkkA mlus fnukad 24-9-2004 dks ckfydk lq/kkj x`g esa ifjoh{kk vf/kdkjh dk dk;ZHkkj xzg.k dj fy;k Fkk vkSj blh us lqeu dks fnukad 20-5-2004 dks rfc;r [kjkc gksus ij vLirky esa HkrhZ djk;k FkkA vLirky esa HkrhZ gksrs le; tks fooj.k vkfn fy[kok;k x;k Fkk] og Lo;a lqeu us fy[kok;k Fkk] izkfFkZuh ogka ekStwn ugha FkhA lqeu }kjk isV nnZ dh f'kdk;r djus ij ckfydk lq/kkj x`g dh lgk;d v/kh{kd vatuk ekuo us izkfFkZuh dks VsyhQksu ij lwpuk nh] ftl ij izkfFkZuh us vatuk ekuo dks VsyhQksu ij gh ;g funsZf'kr fd;k fd mls rqjUr vLirky esa fn[kk;k tkosA vLirky esa fn[kkus ij fpfdRld us lqeu ds cPpsnkuh dh lQkbZ fd;k tkuk vko';d crk;k] ftldh lwpuk vatuk ekuo us bls VsyhQksu ij nh vkSj blus fpfdRld dh jk; ds vuqlkj lqeu dk thou cpkus ds fy, mipkj gsrq lgefr ek= nhA ;fn vatuk ekuo ;k bldk vk'k; ys'kek= Hkh lqeu dh xHkZikr dh ?kVuk Nqikus dk gksrk rks mls ljdkjh vLirky esa HkrhZ ugha djk;k tkrk vkSj u gh ogka rS;kj vfHkys[k dks gh fjdkMZ ij j[kk tkrkA budk ,slk vk'k; gksus dk dksbZ dkj.k gks Hkh ugha ldrk D;ksafd ;s nksuksa nwj nwj rd fdlh Hkh izdkj egsUnz o lqeu ds ijLij feyus ls lEc) ugha FksA ?kVuk ds laca/k esa tks vkjksi i= ckfydk lq/kkj x`g ds prqFkZ Js.kh deZpkjh jkethyky ,oa lqjtkckbZ dks foHkkx }kjk fn;s x;s] mudk voyksdu Li"V n'kkZ;k gS fd vatuk ekuo ds ckfydk lq/kkj x`g esa dk;ZHkkj xzg.k djus ls iwoZ gh mDr nksuksa O;fDr lqeu dks egsUnz uked O;fDr ls pksjh Nqis feyokrs FksA mDr feyokus dk dk;Z izkfFkZuh rFkk vatuk ekuo ls iw.kZr% Nqikdj fd;k tkrk FkkA bl laca/k esa lqeu ds Li"V c;ku i=koyh ij gSa fd tc nksuksa esMe M;wVh ij u gksdj ckgj gksrh Fkha] rHkh lqjtkckbZ ,oa jkethyky lqeu dks egsUnz ls feyokrs Fks D;ksafd eSMe cgqr l[r FkhaA tks foHkkxh; tkap gqbZ gS] mlesa Hkh ;gh fLFkfr ikbZ xbZ gS vkSj dsoy lqjtkckbZ ,oa jkethyky dks gh mDr gsrq nks"kh ikdj mudh osru o`f) jksdh xbZ gSA bl ekeys esa iqfyl vuqla/kku ls vatuk ekuo dk vijk/k gsrq dksbZ mRrjnkf;Ro gksuk ugha ekuk x;k gS tcfd izkfFkZuh mfeZyk fot; dk d`R; rks bldh rqyuk esa vkSj Hkh de gSA ;g u lqeu ds lEidZ esa vk;h vkSj u vkjksfir vijk/k esa nwj-nwj rd bldk dksbZ mRrjnkf;Ro gh gSA blds }kjk vkjksfir vijk/k dks vxzlj djus esa u rks dksbZ d`R; fd;k x;k vkSj u gh dqN Hkh Nqik;k x;kA ,slh dksbZ Hkh fLFkfr ugha gS fd bls veqd fof'k"V rF;ksa dh tkudkjh gks ftUgsa ;g fof/kd :i ls vius mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa dks nsus ds fy, ck/; Fkh] tks blus ugha nh gks ;k mls Nqik;k gksA bl izdkj /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- dk dksbZ vijk/k izFker% gh blds fo:) ugha curk gSA 6- rF;ksa ij mBkbZ xbZ mDr vkifRr;ksa ds vfrfjDr nwljh fof/kd vkifRr eq[; :i ls ;g mBk;h xbZ gS fd lqeu ds xHkZorh gksus ,oa mlds xHkZikr djokus ds rF;ksa dh tkudkjh mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa ,oa iqfyl dks ugha nsus dk blds fo:) tks vkjksi gS] og ?kVuk ekpZ 2004 ls ebZ 2004 ds chp dh gSA /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k esa vf/kdre ,d ekg ds dkjkokl dk izko/kku gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa /kkjk 468¼2½ na-iz-la- ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj ,sls vijk/k gsrq ,d o"kZ ds ckn izlaKku ugha fy;k tk ldrk gS tcfd blesa ;g izlaKku yxHkx lk<s N% o"kZ ckn fnukad 21-12-2010 dks fy;k x;k gS tks fof/kuqlkj ckf/kr gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk izkFkhZ dk rhljk rdZ ;g jgk gS fd /kkjk 195 na-iz-la- ds vuqlkj /kkjk 172 ls 188 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/kksa dk izlaKku lacaf/kr yksd lsod ;k mlds mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa ds fyf[kr ifjokn ds fcuk ugha fy;k tk ldrk gSA pkSFkh fof/kd vkifRr ;g Hkh yh xbZ gS fd izkFkhZ ds fo:) ftl izdkj dk vijk/k vkjksfir gS] mlds fy, /kkjk 197 na-iza-la- ds vUrxZr jkT; ljdkj dh Lohd`fr ds fcuk izlaKku ugha fy;k tk ldrk gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk izkFkhZ dk rdZ gS fd muds }kjk ;s vkifRr;ka v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds le{k mBk;h xbZ Fkha] fdUrq bu vkifRr;ksa dk fof/kuqlkj fu.kZ; ugha fd;k x;kA vr% nksuksa vk{ksfir vkns'kksa dks vikLr dj izLrqr ;kfpdk dks Lohdkj dj izkFkhZ@vfHk;qDr dks /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k ds vkjksi ls mUeksfpr fd;k tkosA 7- fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd us blds fojks/k esa ;g dFku fd;k fd iqfyl Fkkuk] ctktuxj us ifjoknh txeksgu eh.kk ds }kjk izLrqr ifjokn ij iw.kZ vuqla/kku djus ds mijkUr izkFkhZ ds fo:) /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- dk vijk/k fl) ik;k gSA izkFkhZ ds }kjk tks vkifRr;ka mBk;h xbZ gS] os bl Lrj ij fopkj ;ksX; ugha gSa vkSj fopkj.k ds mijkUr gh bu ij fu"d"kZ vfHkfyf[kr fd;k tkuk fof/k lEer gksxkA lq;ksX; yksd vfHk;kstd us nksuksa vk{ksfir vkns'kksa dks lgh crkrs gq, bl ;kfpdk dks vLohd`r djus dh izkFkZuk dh gSA 8- eSaus mHk;i{kksa ds rdksZ ij fopkj dj vk{ksfir vkns'kksa rFkk vfHkys[k ij miyC/k leLr lkexzh dk voyksdu fd;kA izLrqr fof/k n`"VkUrksa dks Hkh ns[kkA loZizFke vfrfjDr eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV Øe 7 t;iqj uxj] t;iqj }kjk izkfFkZuh ds fo:) /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- ds vUrxZr fy;s x;s izlaKku ds vof/k ckf/kr gksus ls lacaf/kr vkifRr ij fopkj djus ij izrhr gksrk gS fd vkjksfir ?kVuk ekpZ 2004 ls ebZ 2004 ds chp dh gS] ftl e/; lqeu xHkZorh gqbZ vkSj mldk xHkZikr gqvkA izkfFkZuh ds fo:) bldh lwpuk mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa ,oa iqfyl dks ugha nsus ds dkj.k /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- dk vijk/k vkjksfir fd;k x;k gS ftlesa ,d ekg dh ltk dk izko/kku gSA ,sls vijk/k ds fy, izlaKku ysus dh vof/k /kkjk 468¼2½¼ch½ na-iz-la- ds vuqlkj ,d o"kZ gSA /kkjk 468 na-iz-la- dk lqlaxr izko/kku fuEu izdkj gS& 9- ifjlhek dky dh lekfIr ds i'pkr~ laKku dk otZu&¼1½ bl lafgrk esa vU;= tSlk vU;Fkk micaf/kr gS] mlds flok;] dksbZ U;k;ky; mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa fofufnZ"V izoxZ ds fdlh vijk/k dk laKku ifjlhek-dky dh lekfIr ds i'pkr~ ugha djsxkA ¼2½ ifjlhek dky& ¼d½ Ng ekl gksxk ;fn vijk/k dsoy tqekZus ls n.Muh; gS] ¼[k½ ,d o"kZ gksxk] ;fn vijk/k ,d o"kZ ls vf/kd fdUrq rhu o"kZ ls vuf/kd dh vof/k ds fy, dkjkokl ls n.Muh; gS] ¼x½ rhu o"kZ gksxk] ;fn vijk/k ,d o"kZ ls vf/kd fdUrq rhu o"kZ ls vuf/kd dh vof/k ds fy, dkjkokl ls n.Muh; gSA ¼xxx½ /kkjk 473 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk esa ifjlhek dh vof/k lekIr gksus ds i'pkr~ U;k;ky; dks ,slk izlaKku ysus dh vf/kdkfjrk nh xbZ gS] ;fn U;k;ky; izdj.k ds rF;ksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds izdk'k esa larq"V gS fd foyEc dks Li"V dj fn;k x;k gS ;k U;k;fgr esa foyc dks {kek fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA /kkjk 473 na-iz-la- dk ,rnlaca/kh izko/kku fuEu izdkj gS& dqN n'kkvksa esa ifjlhek-dky dk foLrkj.k& ^^bl v/;k; ds iwoZorh micU/kksa esa vUrfoZ"V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] dksbZ Hkh U;k;ky; fdlh vijk/k dk laKku ifjlhek dky ds volku ds i'pkr~ dj ldrk gS] ;fn ekeys ds rF;ksa ;k ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls mldk lek/kku gks tkrk gS fd foyEc dk mfpr :i ls Li"Vhdj.k dj fn;k x;k gS ;k U;k; ds fgr esa ,slk djuk vko';d gSA** 10- gLrxr ekeys esa vfookfnr :i ls ?kVuk ekpZ 2004 ls ebZ 2004 ds chp dh gS vkSj U;k;ky; }kjk izkfFkZuh ds fo:) /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k dk izlaKku fnukad 21-12-2010 dks vFkkZr yxHkx lk<s N% o"kZ ckn fy;k x;k gSA bl foyEc dks {kek djrs gq, izlaKku dk foLrkj djus ds laca/k esa /kkjk 473 na-iz-la- ds vuqlkj dksbZ vkns'k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr ugha fd;k x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa izFker% gh U;k;ky; }kjk vof/k ckf/kr gksus ds mijkUr fy;s x;s izlaKku dks oS/k ugha dgk tk ldrkA bl laca/k esa dbZ fof/k n`"VkUr gesa ekxZn'kZu iznku djrs gSA fofu.kZ; fgekpy izns'k jkT; cuke rkjknRr ,oa vU; ,vkbZvkj 2000 ,l lh i`"V 297 ds iSjk la[;k 7 esa fuEu izdkj izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS& "Section 473 confers power on the Court taking cognizance after the expiry of the period of limitation, if it is satisfied on the facts and in the circumstances of the case that the delay has been properly explained and that it is necessary to do so in the interest of justice. Obviously, therefore in respect of the offences for which a period of limitation has been provided in Section 468, the power has been conferred on the Court taking cognizance to extend the said period of limitation where a proper and satisfactory explanation of the delay is available and where the Court taking cognizance finds that it would be in the interest of justice. This discretion conferred on the Court has to be exercised judicially and on well recognised principles. This being a discretion conferred on the Court taking cognizance, wherever the Court exercises this discretion, the same must be by a speaking order, indicating the satisfaction of the Court that the delay was satisfactorily explained and condonation of the same was in the interest of justice. This being a discretion conferred on the Court taking cognizance, wherever the Court exercises this discretion, the same must be by a speaking order, indicating the satisfaction of the Court that the delay was satisfactorily explained and condonation of the same was in the interest of justice. In the absence of a positive order to that effect it may not be permissible for a superior Court to come to the conclusion that the Court must be deemed to have taken cognizance by condoning the delay whenever the cognizance was barred and yet the Court took cognizance and proceeded with the trial of the offence." 11- gLrxr ekeys esa ;g fLFkfr Li"V gS fd izlaKku ysus esa gqbZ yxHkx lk<s 6 o"kZ dh nsjh dk dksbZ Li"Vhdj.k i=koyh ij ugha gSA izlaKku ysrs le; v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us Hkh ;g dgha mYys[k ugha fd;k gS fd izlaKku esa gq, foyEc ls os fdl izdkj larq"V gSa vkSj U;k;fgr esa izlaKku fy;k tkuk D;ksa dj vko';d gSA bl izdkj /kkjk 473 na-iz-la- rFkk ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk mDr fof/k n`"VkUr esa izfrikfnr fof/k dh ikyuk ugha gksuk n`f"Vxr gksrk gSA bl laca/k esa jes'k pUnz flUgk ,oa vU; cuke fcgkj jkT; ,oa vU; 2003¼5½ lqizhe 548 Hkh gesa ekxZn'kZu iznku djrk gS ftlesa ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd U;k;ky; dks iznRr bl foosdkf/kdkj dk mi;ksx lqlaxr vk/kkjksa ij fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA blesa izdj.k ds rF;ksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds izdk'k esa ekuuh; U;k;ky; dk ;g er jgk fd /kkjk 468¼2½ na-iz-la- ds vuqlkj vof/k ckf/kr gksus ds dkj.k fy;k x;k izlaKku fof/k lEer ugha gSA 12- /kkjk 468 na-iz-la- ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr ds laca/k esa izlaKku dh vof/k vijk/k ?kfVr gksus dh frfFk ls gh izkjEHk gks tkrh gSA gLrxr ekeys esa ;g vof/k ebZ 2005 esa gh lekIr gks pqdh FkhA lqLFkkfir fof/k ds vuqlkj ;fn foyEc ls izlaKku fy;k tkrk gS rks bl laca/k esa vfHk;qDr dks Hkh lquokbZ dk volj iznku fd;k tkuk U;k;lEer gSA gLrxr ekeys esa izlaKku fy;s tkus ls iwoZ izkFkhZ dks dksbZ uksfVl fn;k tkuk le{k ugha gSA /kkjk 468 na-iz-la- ds izko/kkuksa dks fojfpr djus dk fo/kkf;dk dk Li"V iz;kstu gh ;g gS fd foyEciw.kZ vfHk;kstu ij vadq'k yxk;k tk lds vkSj U;kf;d izfØ;k dk nq:i;ksx ugha gksA ;g mn~ns'; Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuq- 21 dh Hkkouk ds vuq:i gS vkSj vfHk;kstu pkgs izkbosV i{kdkj }kjk gks ;k jkT; dh fdlh laLFkk }kjk] izR;sd ds fy, /kkjk 468 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk dh ikyuk vko';d gSA 13- eSaus bl laca/k esa vU; dbZ lqlaxr fof/k n`"VkUrksa dk Hkh voyksdu fd;kA 14- fofu.kZ; o)Zeku dkyk cuke jktLFkku jkT; 1994 vkjlhlh ¼jkt-½ 67 esa ;g mfYyf[kr gS fd /kkjk 468 na-iz-la- ifjlhek vof/k lekIr gksus ds ckn izlaKku fy;s tkus dks ckf/kr djrh gSA bl izko/kku ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr ds laca/k esa ifjlhek vof/k vijk/k ?kfVr gksus dh rkjh[k ls izkjEHk gksrh gSA bl ekeys esa ?kVuk fnukad 1-10-91 dh Fkh vkSj izkFkhZ ds fo:) /kkjk 279] 337 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k vkjksfir FksA iqfyl us vafre izfrosnu izLrqr fd;k vkSj U;k;ky; us fnukad 6-4-1993 dks mDr vijk/kksa dk izlaKku fy;kA vkjksfir vijk/kksa esa vf/kdre N% ekg ds dkjkokl dk izko/kku gS] vr% izlaKku vkns'k vikLr fd;k x;kA 15- fofu.kZ; Jherh lqfe=k xqIrk ,oa vU; cuke jktLFkku jkT; vkjlhlh ¼5½ 1980 ist 343 esa ?kVuk fnukad 9-6-1972 dh FkhA vfHk;qDr ds fo:) vkjksfir vijk/k /kkjk 354] 147 ,oa 323 Hkk-na-la- esa izlaKku fnukad 2-8-1978 dks fy;k x;kA U;k;ky; ds vuqlkj ifjlhek dh vof/k fnukad 9-6-1975 dks lekIr gks pqdh FkhA eftLVªsV us foyEc dks {kek djus ;k le; dks foLrkfjr djus ds laca/k esa dksbZ vkns'k ikfjr ugha fd;k FkkA U;k;ky; }kjk izlaKku ysus ds vkns'k dks vikLr djrs gq, fuEu vkns'k ikfjr fd;k x;k& "The petitioners have challenged the said order on the grounds inter alia, that on August 2, 1978, when the learned Magistrate took cognizance of the offences under Sections 354, 147 and 323 IPC. the period of limitation prescribed for taking such cognizance had already expired. None of the three offences alleged to have been committed by the petitioners is punishable with imprisonment for a period exceeding three years. The limitation for taking cognizance had thus expired on June 8, 1975. It is true that the learned Magistrate could extend the period of limitation if he was satisfied on the facts and circumstances of the case that extension was necessary in the interest of justice. While taking cognizance, the learned Magistrate did not say that he was satisfied on the facts and circumstances of the case that the delay had been properly explained to him, or that, it was necessary in the interest of justice to condone the delay. The impugned order must therefore, be quashed." 16- MkW- nyirflag cuke jktLFkku jkT; 1979 vkjlhlh ist 467 esa vkjksfir vijk/k fnukad 10-6-79 dks ?kfVr gqvk FkkA eftLVªsV }kjk /kkjk 218 ,oa 465 Hkk-na-la- esa izlaKku fnukad 9-9-83 dks fy;k x;k ftlds fo:) izLrqr fuxjkuh ;kfpdk fnukad 10-8-87 dks vLohd`r dh x;hA U;k;ky; us vius le{k izLrqr ;kfpdk esa mDr nksuksa gh vkns'kksa dks vikLr djrs gq, ;kfpdk Lohdkj dhA bl fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 6 esa fuEu izdkj izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS& "I have carefully gone through this authority but I am not inclined to subscribe to the views expressed by Bombay High Court in Kamal H. Javeri's case (supra). It is true that if the complaint is filed by the complainant in time and the cases are adjourned because the Magistrate is not present or he embarks upon an enquiry u/Ss. 200 & 202 Cr.P.C. then that may be a suitable ground for condonation of delay and the Court may exercise its powers under S. 473 Cr.P.C. to condone the delay. The bar created by S. 468 Cr.P.C. is against the taking of cognizance. No cognizance will be taken by a Court of competent jurisdiction after the prescribed period of limitation, and if taken, it is illegal as per the view of this Court in Panney Singh's case (supra). The bar created by S. 468 Cr.P.C. is against the taking of cognizance. No cognizance will be taken by a Court of competent jurisdiction after the prescribed period of limitation, and if taken, it is illegal as per the view of this Court in Panney Singh's case (supra). In the case in hand, although the protest petition was filed by the father of the injured but his counsel sought several adjournments either for production of law book or for obtaining inaction for proceeding against the accused and ultimately the case was argued on 9.9.1983 and the Court has taken cognizance against the accused petitioner but by that time, the period of three years within which the cognizance could have been taken has expired. The learned Magistrate has given no reasons in his order for condoning the delay. A simple order taking cognizance has been passed by him after the expiry of three years. It cannot be held that it condoned the delay ipso facto. The learned Magistrate has given no reasons in his order for condoning the delay. A simple order taking cognizance has been passed by him after the expiry of three years. It cannot be held that it condoned the delay ipso facto. Before condoning the delay, the Court has to be satisfied on facts and in the circumstances of the case the delay has been properly explained or the Court has to say taking of cognizance is necessary in the interest of justice but in this case, neither the Court while taking cognizance beyond the period of limitation has observed that it was necessary to do so in the interest of justice nor has it held that delay in taking cognizance has been properly explained and therefore, it is a clear case where no powers have been exercised under Sec. 473 CPC but cognizance has been taken straight way against the provisions of Sec. 468 Cr.P.C. 17- fofu.kZ; gsepan cuke jktLFkku jkT; ,oa vU; ¼,dyihB nkf.Md fofo/k ;kfpdk la[;k 414@1988½ tks fnukad 22 tqykbZ 88 dks fu.khZr dh x;h gS] esa Hkh ;g izfrikfnr gS fd vkjksfir vijk/kksa dks ns[krs gq, eftLVªsV vijk/k ?kfVr gksus dh rkjh[k ls ,d o"kZ dh vof/k lekIr gksus ds mijkUr laKku ysus ls iwjh rjg fuokfjr@izfrcaf/kr gS vkSj bl dkj.k /kkjk 468¼2½ n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds izko/kku ds vuqlkj fo}ku U;kf;d eftLVªsV }kjk ikfjr izlaKku vkns'k dks jn~n fd;kA 18- fofu.kZ; iatkc jkT; cuke Lo.kZflag ,vkbZvkj 1981 ¼,llh½ 1954 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk fuEu izdkj izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS& "The object of Criminal P.C. in putting a bar of limitation on prosecutions was clearly to prevent the parties from filing cases after a long time, as a result of which material evidence may disappear and also to prevent abuse of the process of the Court by filing vexatious and belated prosecutions long after the date of the offence. The object which the statute seeks to subserve is clearly in consonance with the concept of fairness of trial as enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution. The object which the statute seeks to subserve is clearly in consonance with the concept of fairness of trial as enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance that any prosecution, whether by the State or a private complainant must abide by the letter of law of take the risk of the prosecution failing on the ground of limitation." 19- esjs le{k vkijkf/kd fofo/k ;kfpdk la[;k 1003@2000 nhun;ky 'kekZ cuke jktLFkku jkT; vkfn esa bl U;k;ky; dh lgihB }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 30 ebZ 2002] nkf.Md fofo/k ;kfpdk la[;k 427@2001 xkSjh 'kadj ,oa vU; cuke jktLFkku jkT; esa bl U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 3-11-2009 rFkk vkijkf/kd fofo/k ;kfpdk la[;k 1523@2006 yYywjke ,oa vU; cuke jktLFkku jkT; esa bl U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 20-1-2011 dh izfr Hkh gSa ftu lHkh esa mDr fof/k dk gh izfriknu djrs gq, v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds izlaKku ysus ds vkns'k ,oa bl vkns'k dh iqf"V djrs gq, vihyh;@fuxjkuh U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; dks vikLr dj ;kfpdkdrkZvksa ds fo:) fopkjk/khu dk;Zokgh dks jn~n fd;k x;k gSA 20- mDr fLFkfr esa Åij fd;s foospu ds vuqlkj vfrfjDr eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV] Øe 7] t;iqj uxj] t;iqj }kjk izkfFkZuh@vfHk;qDr mfeZyk fot; ds fo:) izlaKku ysus dk vkns'k fnukad 21-12-2010 fof/k lEer ugha gksus ds dkj.k vikLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA izkfFkZuh dh vksj ls vfrfjDr eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV ,oa fuxjkuh U;k;ky; esa ,rn~laca/kh vkifRr;ka mBk;h xbZ Fkha] fdUrq bu vkifRr;ksa dk fof/kuqlkj fuLrkj.k ugha fd;k x;k gSA fo}ku fuxjkuh U;k;ky; dk ;g fy[kuk fd vU; nksuksa vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo:) /kkjk 376@109 Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ds vijk/k esa izlaKku fy;k x;k gS] vr% mDr vijk/k ds fy, fu/kkZfjr ltk vof/k dks ns[krs gq, izkFkhZ ds rdZ esa cy ugha gS] drbZ fof/k lEer ugha gSA izkFkhZ ds fo:) vkjksi ek= /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- dk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa nksuksa U;k;ky;ksa ds vk{ksfir vkns'k fnukad 21-12-2010 rFkk 2-2-2011 ifjlhek vof/k lekIr gksus ds mijkUr fy;s izlaKku fo"k;d vkifRr dks fof/k:is.k fu.khZr ugha fd;s tkus ds dkj.k vikLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSaA 21- mDr fu"d"kZ ds mijkUr fo}ku vf/koDrk izkFkhZ }kjk mBkbZ xbZ 'ks"k vkifRr;ksa ij foospu fd;s tkus dh vko';drk 'ks"k ugha jgrh fdUrq fQj Hkh mBk;h xbZ vU; vkifRr;ksa ij la{ksi esa fopkj djus ij izrhr gksrk gS fd /kkjk 195 na-iz-la- ds izko/kku ds vuqlkj Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 172 ls 188 ds vijk/k gsrq dksbZ Hkh U;k;ky; lacaf/kr yksd lsod ds fyf[kr ifjokn ds fcuk izlaKku ugha ysxkA /kkjk 195¼1½ na-iz-la- dk lqlaxr izko/kku fuEu izdkj gS& /kkjk 195¼1½ dksbZ U;k;ky;] ¼d½ ¼i½ Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 172 ls /kkjk 188 rd dh /kkjkvksa ds ¼ftuds vUrxZr ;s nksuksa /kkjk,a Hkh gSa½ v/khu n.Muh; fdlh vijk/k] dk vFkok ¼ii½ ,sls vijk/k ds fdlh nq"izsj.k ;k ,slk vijk/k djus ds iz;Ru dk] vFkok ¼iii½ ,slk vijk/k djus ds fy, fdlh vkijkf/kd "kM;a= dk] laKku lac) yksd lsood ds] ;k fdlh vU; ,sls yksd lsod ds] ftlds og iz'kklfud rkSj ij v/khuLFk gS] fyf[kr ifjokn ij gh djsxk] vU;Fkk ugha] 22- gLrxr ekeys esa ;g laKku Jh txeksgu eh.kk uked izkbZosV O;fDr }kjk izLrqr fjiksVZ ij fy;k x;k gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk izkFkhZ }kjk bl laca/k esa fofu.kZ; mRrj izns'k jkT; cuke ekrkHkh[k ,oa vU; ¼1994½ 4 ,llhlh 95 is'k fd;k x;k gS] ftlds iSjk la[;k 6 esa fuEu izdkj izfrikfnr fd;k gS& "The object of this section is to protect persons from being vexatiously prosecuted upon inadequate materials or insufficient grounds by person actuated by malice or ill will or frivolity of disposition at the instance of private individuals for the offences specified therein. The provisions of this section, no doubt, are mandatory and the Court has no jurisdiction to take cognizance a of any of the offences mentioned therein unless there is a complaint in writing of `the public servant concerned', as required by the section without which the trial under Section 188 of the Indian Penal Code becomes void ab initio. See Daulat Ram vs. State of Punjab. To say in other words a written complaint by a public servant concerned is sine qua non to initiate a criminal proceeding under Section 188 of the IPC against a those who, with the knowledge that an order has been promulgated by a public servant directing either `to abstain from a certain property in his possession or under his management' disobey that order. Nonetheless, when the court in its discretion is disinclined to prosecute the wrongdoers, no private complainant can be allowed to initiate any criminal proceeding in his individual capacity as it would be clear from the reading of the section itself which is to the effect that no court can take cognizance of any offence punishable under Sections 172 to 188 of the IPC except on the written complaint of `the public servant concerned' or of some other public servant to whom he (the public servant who promulgated that order) is administratively subordinate." 23- Li"V gS fd gLrxr ekeys esa /kkjk 195 na-iz-la- ds mDr izko/kku ds izdk'k esa Hkh Jh txeksgu eh.kk uked izkbosV O;fDr }kjk izLrqr fjiksVZ ij iqfyl }kjk fd;s x;s vuqla/kku ds ckn fy;k x;k mDr izlaKku oS/k ugha dgk tk ldrkA 24- vfookfnr :i ls Jherh mfeZyk fot; /kkjk 21 Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ds vuqlkj yksd lsod gSA tks rF; le{k vk;s gSa] muls mldk fdlh Hkh izdkj izR;{kr% vfHk;qDr egsUnz] lqjtkckbZ rFkk jkethyky }kjk dkfjr vijk/k esa lfEefyr gksuk l{k ugha gSa mlds fo:) vkjksi ek= ;g gS fd mlus lqeu ds vLirky esa xHkZikr gksus ds rF; dh tkudkjh mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa o iqfyl dks ugha nha ,slh fLFkfr esa fo}ku fuxjkuh U;k;ky; dk ;g fy[kuk fd izkFkhZ@vfHk;qDr us viuh M;wVh ds nkSjku tkucw>dj ,d ukckfyx yM+dh ds lkFk egsUnz }kjk 'kkjhfjd laca/k cuk;s tkus gsrq egsUnz ds lkFk "kM;a= jpdj egsUnz }kjk lqeu ds lkFk 'kkjhfjd laca/k cuk;s tkus esa enn dh gSA mldk ;g d`R; ?kksj vkijkf/kd d`R; gS ftls mlds inh; drZO; ds fuoZgu ls ugha tksM+k tk ldrk] mfpr izrhr ugha gksrkA Lo;a bl U;k;ky; us izdj.k dh vUoh{kk izkjEHk djrs gq, fnukad 3-2-2011 dks tks vkjksi izkfFkZuh ij yxk;k gS] mlls mDr rF;ksa dh dksbZ iqf"V ugha gksrhA ftl izdkj dk vijk/k izkFkhZ ds fo:) vkjksfir gS] mlds laca/k esa foHkkx us izkFkhZ ds fo:) dksbZ foHkkxh; dk;Zokgh djuk rd mfpr ugha le>k tc fd vU; vfHk;qDr lqjtkckbZ ,oa jkethyky ds fo:) foHkkxh; dk;Zokgh izkjEHk dj mUgsa nks"kh fu/kkZfjr dj nf.Mr Hkh fd;k x;k gSA eSa fuf'pr :i ls bl er dk gwa fd izkFkhZ ds fo:) ftl izdkj dk vijk/k vkjksfir gS] mlds laca/k esa vfHk;kstu pykus gsrq /kkjk 197 na-iz-la- ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj l{ke vf/kdkjh }kjk Lohd`fr yh tkuh pkfg;s FkhA ,slh Lohd`fr mDr /kkjk esa fu/kkZfjr ,oa fofgr l{ke vf/kdkjh }kjk Li"V :i ls tkjh dh tkdj U;k;ky; esa izLrqr dh tkuh pkfg;s FkhA ;g Lohd`fr Hkh fof/kuqlkj vko';d rF;@rRoksa dks mfYyf[kr djrs gq, tkjh fd;k tkuk okafNr Fkk] ftlesa vkjksfir vijk/k ,oa blds fy, vfHk;kstu pykus ds dkj.kksa dk mYys[k gksuk pkfg;s Fkk tSlk fd oS/k Lohd`fr ds laca/k esa fofHkUu fof/k n`"VkUrksa esa izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA ,slh Lohd`fr esa vfHk;qDr ds }kjk dkfjr d`R; ,oa blds QyLo:i cuus okys vijk/k dk o.kZu djrs gq, blds laca/k esa vfHk;kstu pykus ds fy, Lohd`fr fn;s tkus dk Li"V mYys[k gksuk vko';d FkkA fo}ku vf/koDrk izkFkhZ }kjk bl fcUnq ij blh U;k;ky; }kjk ,dyihB nkf.Md fofo/k ;kfpdk la[;k 1384@11 gfj'kpan prqosZnh cuke jktLFkku jkT; esa ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 1-2-2011 dh izfr is'k dj bldh vksj gekjk /;ku vkd`"V fd;k x;k gSA lkFk gh fo}ku vf/koDrk izkFkhZ }kjk bl fcUnq ij jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; dk gh fu.kZ; jkeLo:i cuke jktLFkku jkT; ,oa vU; 2007¼5½ MCY;w ,y lh 796 = RLW 2007(1) Raj. 175 izLrqr fd;k x;k gS ftlesa Hkh ,l,pvks Fkkuk v'kksd uxj ds fo:) fcuk vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr ds vkijkf/kd dk;Zokgh izkjEHk dh x;h FkhA Fkkukf/kdkjh dh vksj ls ;g vkifRr ysrs gq, /kkjk 197 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr izLrqr izkFkZuk i= U;k;ky; }kjk vLohd`r dj fn;k x;k FkkA Fkkukf/kdkjh ds fo:) fopkjk/khu dk;Zokgh dks mlds jktdh; drZO; ds laiknu ds nkSjku gq, d`R; ds fy, ekurs gq, blesa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk fy;s x;s laKku dks Lohd`fr ds vHkko esa fof/k fo:) ekuk x;kA bl laca/k esa fofu.kZ; cUus pkan cuke jktLFkku jkT; ,oa vU; 2007¼2½ lhvkj,yvkj ¼jkt-½ 1504] th-ch- jsM~Mh ,oa vU; cuke jktLFkku jkT; ,oa vU; 2008¼2½ MCY;w,ylh ¼jkt-½ 535 rFkk fxj/kkjhyky ,oa vU; cuke ykypan ,oa vU; ,vkbZvkj 1970 ¼jkt-½ 145 Hkh izLrqr fd;s x;s gSa ftuls Hkh gesa ,rn~vuqlkj gh ekxZn'kZu izkIr gksrk gSA 25- bl izdkj Åij fd;s x;s foospu ds izdk'k esa ;g Hkh fLFkfr Li"V :i ls mHkjdj le{k vkrh gS fd gLrxr ekeys esa izkFkhZ mfeZyk fot; ds yksd lsod gksus rFkk vkjksfir d`R; mlds drZO; fuoZgu ds nkSjku gksus ;k drZO; fuogZu esa yksi gksus ds QyLo:i gksus ls /kkjk 197 na-iz-la- ds vuqlkj vfHk;kstu Lohd`fr ds vHkko esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk laKku ugha fy;k tk ldrk FkkA bl fLFkfr esa Hkh izkFkhZ@vfHk;qDr ds fo:) fopkjk/khu ;g dk;Zokgh pyus ;ksX; ugha gSA 26- mDr rhuksa fof/kd fcUnqvksa ds vfrfjDr izdj.k ds rF;ksa ij Hkh cgl djrs gq, tks vkifRr;ka fo}ku vf/koDrk izkFkhZ }kjk mBk;h xbZ gS] os izFker% lkjghu ugha dgh tk ldrh gSa fdUrq tc mDr rhuksa fof/kd fcUnqvksa ds izdk'k esa izkFkhZ ds fo:) fopkjk/khu dk;Zokgh pyus ;ksX; ugha gS rks ,sls rF;ksa dks foospu dj buds lEcU/k esa dksbZ fu"d"kZ vfHkfyf[kr djus dh vko';drk izrhr ugha gksrh gSA 27- bl izdkj Åij fd;s x;s foospu ds izdk'k esa eSa Li"V :i ls bl er dk gwa fd ;fn izkfFkZuh ds fo:) izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 425@2010 Fkkuk ctkt uxj] t;iqj ij fof'k"V U;k;k/kh'k] efgyk mRihM+u ,oa ngst izdj.k] t;iqj esa lafLFkr lS'ku izdj.k la[;k 03@2011 dh dk;Zokgh vkxs tkjh j[kh tkrh gS rks ;g fuf'pr gh U;kf;d izfØ;k dk nq:i;ksx gksxkA ,slh fLFkfr esa izkFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr ;g ;kfpdk Lohdkj djrs gq, vfrfjDr eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV Øe 7 t;iqj uxj] t;iqj ds vkns'k fnukad 21-12-2010 rFkk fof'k"B U;k;k/kh'k] efgyk mRihMu ,oa ngst izdj.k] t;iqj uxj] t;iqj ds vkns'k fnukad 2 Qjojh] 2011 dks izkFkhZ mfeZyk fot; ds fo:) /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k ds vUrxZr izlaKku fy;s tkus o bl izlaKku dks iq"V fd;s tkus ds laca/k esa ,oa bl lhek rd vikLr fd;k tkrk gSA 'ks"k vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo:) izdj.k dh vUoh{kk tkjh jgsxhA bl vkns'k ds QyLo:i izkFkhZ@vfHk;qDr mfeZyk fot; dks mlds fo:) vkjksfir /kkjk 176 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k ls mUeksfpr fd;k tkrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa layXu LFkxu izkFkZuk i= la[;k 390@2011 esa dksbZ vkns'k visf{kr u gksus ds dkj.k bls Hkh fuLrkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA