ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifr] dksBkjh-&izLrqr flfoy fofo/k vihy fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] vtesj }kjk Jherh lquhrk ds izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr /kkjk 372 mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 1925 ij fnukad 8-7-2009 dks ikfjr fu.kZ; ds fo:) izLrqr dh x;h gSA 2- laf{kIr rF; ,oa i`"BkHkwfe bl izdkj gS fd Jherh lquhrk us fnukad 8-2-2005 dks mä U;k;ky; esa vius ifr Lo- c`teksgu dh fnukad 14-1-2005 dks e`R;q gks tkus ds dkj.k Lo- c`teksgu dh ekrk deyk nsoh] iq=h dqekjh xk;=h ,oa rFkk c`teksgu ds fu;ksäk mÙkj if'peh jsyos ds nks vf/kdkfj;ksa dks vizkFkhZx.k cukrs gq, e`rd c`teksgu dh isU'ku jkf'k] xsP;wVh] ih-,Q- jkf'k] vodk'k osru] th-ih-,Q-] ,y-vkbZ-lh-bU';ksjsal] flD;ksfjVh ,oa dkWijsfVo cSad esa tek jkf'k dk fooj.k vafdr djrs gq, blds i{k esa fof/k vuqlkj mÙkjkf/kdkj izek.k i= tkjh fd;s tkus dh izkFkZuk ds lkFk izkFkZuk i= is'k fd;kA izkFkZuk i= esa vafdr fd;k x;k fd jsyos foHkkx blds ifr c`teksgu ds lsok lEcU/kh ykHkksa dks bls ugha nsdj vU; dks nsuk pkgrk gS tc fd blus bl gsrq fyf[kr esa vkosnu izLrqr dj j[kk gSA 3- vizkFkhZ la[;k 2 o 3 dh vksj ls mÙkj izLrqr dj vafdr fd;k x;k fd LoxhZ; c`teksgu izkfFkZuh lquhrk ds ifr ugha FksA mldk dHkh Hkh c`teksgu ls fookg ugha gqvk FkkA lquhrk fdlh Hkh izdkj Lo- c`teksgu dh fj'rsnkj ugha gS vkSj nqHkkZoukiwoZd jkf'k izkIr djus gsrq mlus ;g izkFkZuk i= izLrqr fd;k gSA og e`rd ds lsok lEcU/kh ifjykHkksa rFkk isa'ku dks izkIr djus dh vf/kdkjh ugha gS] vr% izkfFkZuh dk Dyse [kkfjt djrs gq, mlds }kjk izLrqr vuqlwph esa of.kZr isa'ku ,oa vU; jkf'k dks izkIr djus ds fy;s bu nksuksa dks vf/kdkjh ekuk tkosA 4- vizkFkhZ la[;k 3 o 4 dh vksj ls mÙkj is'k dj e`rd c`teksgu dk foHkkx 25 esa bysDVªksiysVj fVdV uEcj 24922 ds in ij dk;Zjr gskuk ekuk fdUrq vafdr fd;k fd c`teksgu ds lsok vfHkys[k esa lquhrk dks mldh iRuh gksuk ugha crk;k gqvk gS] vr% izkFkZuk i= vLoh—r fd;k tkosA 5- nksuksa i{kksa ds vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij U;k;ky; }kjk rhu fook|d fojfpr fd;s x;sA izkfFkZuh dh vksj ls lk{; esa Lo;a ds vfrfjä ,-MCY;w-2 j?kquUnuflag ds c;ku djk;s x;sA vizkFkhZx.k esa ls vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 deyk us Lo;a dks lk{; esa is'k fd;k vkSj ,u-,-MCY;w-2 dUgS;kyky ds c;ku vius i{k esa djk;sA izkfFkZuh dh vksj ls c`teksgu dk e`R;q dk izek.k i= izn'kZ 1] fookg vf/kdkjh bUnkSj }kjk tkjh fookg izek.k i= izn'kZ 1] fookg vf/kdkjh bUnkSj }kjk tkjh fookg izek.k i= fnukad 5-8-2002 izn'kZ 2 rFkk ih-Vh-vks- ¼jsyos ;k=k ikl½ fnukad 11-12-2002 izn'kZ 3 ds :i iznf'kZr djk;s x;sA vizkFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izn'kZ ,1 yxk;r ,9 izys[kh; lk{; iznf'kZr djk;h x;hA vizkFkhZ la[;k 2] 3 ,oa 4 dh vksj ls dksbZ lk{; izLrqr ugha gqbZA U;k;ky; }kjk leLr lk{; dk foospu dj ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k fd izkfFkZuh lquhrk e`rd c`teksgu dh iRuh gS rFkk vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 deyk mldh ekrk ,oa vizkFkhZ la[;k 2 dqekjh xk;=h mldh iq=h gS vkSj rhuksa gh e`rd ds izFke Js.kh ds mÙkjkf/kdkjh gSa] vr% e`rd ds }kjk NksM+h x;h py ,oa vpy lEifÙk esa izFke Js.kh ds okfjlku gksus ds dkj.k cjkcj cjkcj fgLlk izkIr djus ds vf/kdkjh gSA ,slk fu"d"kZ vfHkfyf[kr djrs gq, tek jkf'k esa ls izr;sd dks 1@3 fgLls dk vf/kdkjh ekuk vksj isa'ku jkf'k ds lEcU/k esa vizkFkhZ la[;k 3 o 4 dks funsZ'k fn;k fd foHkkxh; fu;eksa ds vuqlkj vf/k—r O;fä dks bls vnk djsa ,oa blh ds vuq:i mÙkjkf/kdkj izek.k i= tkjh djus dk vkns'k fn;kA blh fu.kZ; fnukad 8-7-2009 ls O;fFkr gks ;g vihy vihykFkhZx.k Jherh deyk nsoha ,oa dqekjh xk;=h }kjk izLrqr dh x;h gSA 6- fo}ku vf/koäk vihykFkhZx.k dk loZizFke rdZ rks ;g gs fd fo'ks"k fookg vf/kfu;e ¼ftls vkxs ls dsoy vf/kfu;e fy[kk tkosxk½ dh /kkjk 12 ds ijUrqd ds vuqlkj fookg vf/kdkjh ds le{k laikfnr fookg rc rd iw.kZ ,oa i{kdkjksa ij ck/;dkjh ugha gksrk tc rd fd nksuksa esa ls izR;sd i{k fookg vf/kdkjh rFkk rhu xokgksa ds le{k nwljs i{k dks ;g ugha dgs fd eSa rqEgsa vius ifr@iRuh ds :i esa Lohdkj djrk gwaA blds mijkUr gh fookg izek.k iqfLrdk esa izfof"V ds ckn bls fookg ds ckjs esa fu'pk;d lk{; ekuk tk ldrk gSA mudk nwljk rdZ ;g gS fd bl fookg dks fl) djus dk iw.kZ nkf;Ro ml lEcfU/kr i{kdkj dk gS tks ,slk fookg vfHkdfFkr djrk gSA muds vuqlkj dsoy lEcfU/kr i{k dh ekSf[kd lk{; ls fookg fl) ugha gksrkA bl fcUnq ij muds }kjk fofu.kZ; fueZynkl cksl cuke dqekjh eerk xqykVh ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1997 ¼bykgkckn½ 401 izLrqr fd;k x;kA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd e`rd c`teksgu vtesj esa ukSdjh djrk Fkk ,oa ;gha fuokl djrk Fkk] fQj bUnkSj esa fookg gksuk gh lUnsg iSnk djrk gSA lkFk gh bl fookg dh rkjh[k 5-8-2002 dks og vtesj esa jsyos foHkkx esa viuh M~;wVh ij mifLFkr Fkk tSlk fd foHkkx }kjk tkjh izek.k i= izn'kZ ,9 ls Li"V gksrk gSA muds vuqlkj lquhrk dk uke c`teksgu dh iRuh ds :i esa foHkkx ds lsok vfHkys[k esa vafdr ugha gSA lquhrk dk fookg iwoZ esa gqDeflag uked O;f:a ls gks pqdk FkkA lkFk gh tks izn'kZ 2 fookg izek.k i= is'k fd;k x;k gS] og c`teksgu jktiwr ds uke ls gS tks O;fä e`rd c`teksgu ls fHkUu gSA lquhrk }kjk c`teksgu dh e`R;q ij iRuh /keZ dk fuoZgu djrs gq, c`teksgu dk fØ;kdeZ vkfn Hkh ugha fd;k x;kA lquhrk ,oa mlds }kjk izLrqr lk{kh j?kquUnu flag ds c;ku vfo'oluh; gSaA 7- blds fojks/k esa izR;FkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koäkx.k dk rdZ gS fd fo'ks"k fookg vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 12 dk ijUrqd dsoy ;g izkof/kr djrk gS fd ,slk fookg blesa fofgr ?kks"k.kk ds fcuk iw.kZ rFkk i{kdkjksa ij ck/;dkjh ugha gksxkA ;gka fookn i{kdkjksa ds chp esa ugha gS D;ksafd ,d i{kdkj c`teksgu dh e`R;q gks pqdh gS rFkk /kkjk 13¼2½ vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj izLrqr fookg izek.k i= fookg dh fu'pk;d lk{; gSA e`rd us lquhrk dks viuh iRuh crkrs gq, jsyos ls ih-Vh-vks- izn'kZ 3 Hkh tkjh djk;k Fkk ftl ij c`teksgu ,oa lquhrk nksuksa ds gLrk{kj gSa vkSj ;gh gLrk{kj fookg izek.k i= izn'kZ 2 ij gSa ftUgsa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us ,d leku ik;k rFkk fl) ekuk gSA ,sls fookg izek.k i= ds izLrqr fd;s tkus ds ckn bl fookg dks vfl) djus dk nkf;Ro vihykFkhZx.k ij vk tkrk gS ftl nkf;Ro dk mUgksaus fuoZgu ugha fd;k gSA lsok vfHkys[k esa deZpkjh dh iruh dk uke vafdr gksuk fof/k vuqlkj vko';d ugha gS vkSj u gksus ds vk/kkj ij dksbZ foijhr fu"d"kZ ugha fudkyk tkuk pkfg;sA blesa izkfFkZuh dk dksbZ nks"k Hkh ugha gS] ;g izfof"V rks c`teksgu dks djkuh FkhA mudk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd fookg izek.k i= tkjh gksus dh rkjh[k dks c`teksgu dh vtesj esa jsyos foHkkx esa mifLFkfr ckcr~ izLrqr izek.k i= ls fookg vfl) ugha gksrkA ;g mifLFkfr QthZ gSA dqekjh xk;=h c`teksgu rFkk lquhrk dh iq=h ds :i esa dkQh le; rd nksuksa ds lkFk gh] ,slk izLrqr lk{; ls Li"V gSA lquhrk dk gqDeflag ls dHkh fookg ugha gqvk rFkk lquhrk dk iwoZ fookg gqDeflag ls gksus dh dksbZ lk{; ugha gSA c`teksgu dh ekrk dh lgefr u gksus ds dkj.k lquhrk vkSj c`teksgu dk fookg bUnkSj esa laikfnr gqvk vkSj ml le; dbZ yksx ekStwn Fks] ,slh lk{; izLrqr Hkh gqbZ gSA lquhrk vius ifr c`teksgu dh e`R;q ij vtesj vk;h fdUrq c`teksgu dh ekrk }kjk mls dHkh Hkh iRuh ds :i esa Lohdkj ugha fd;k x;k Fkk] bl dkj.k og mlds fØ;kdeZ esa lfEefyr ugha gks ldhA vihykFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr lk{; ls gh ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd lquhrk ,oa c`teksgu dk fookg gqvk vkSj xk;=h budh iq=h gSA blds vfrfjä Hkh izR;FkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr lk{; iwjh rjg fo'oluh; gSA fo}ku vf/koäk izR;FkhZx.k us vius rdksZ dk vk/kkj fo}ku vf/koäk vihykFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr bykgkckn mPp U;k;ky; ds mä fu.kZ; dks Hkh cuk;kA lkFk gh fofu.kZ; Jherh jk/kEek cuke Hkkjr ljdkj ,oa vU; ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1998 ¼dukZVd½ 364 rFkk egkflag cuke jkT; ¼fnYyh iz'kklu½ ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1976 ,llh 449 izLrqr fd;sA 8- eSaus nksuksa i{kksa ds fo}ku vf/koäkx.k }kjk izLrqr rdksZ ij fopkj dj vk{ksfir fu.kZ; rFkk izLrqr gqbZ ekSf[kd ,oa izys[kh; lk{; dk voyksdu fd;kA izLrqr fof/k n`"VkUrksa dk Hkh ifj'khyu fd;kA gesa ;g fofuf'pr djuk gS fd D;k izR;FkhZ Jherh lquhrk ds i{k esa fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] vtesj }kjk mls c`teksgu dh iRuh ekurs gq, mÙkjkf/kdkj izek.k i= tkjh djus dk vkns'k ,oa fu.kZ; fnukad 8-2-2009 fof/klEer gS ;k vikLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA 9- bl lEcU/k esa loZizFke izLrqr gqbZ lk{; dk voyksdu djus ij izrhr gksrk gS fd fookg vf/kdkjh ftyk bUnkSj ¼e/;izns'k½ }kjk /kkjk 13 fo'ks"k fookg vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj Jh c`teksgu jktiwr iq= Jh ckcwyky rFkk lquhrk jktiwr iq=h tkudh flag dk fookg fnukad 5-8-2002 dks iath—r djus dk izek.k i= tkjh fd;k x;k gS ftlesa ;g vafdr gs fd bu nksuksa us blds rFkk rhuksa mifLFkr xokgksa ds le{k /kkjk 11 vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj okafNr ?kks"k.kk djrs gq, gLrk{kj fd;s vkSj bl izdkj bldh mifLFkfr esa nksuksa ds e/; bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr fookg lEiUu gqvkA bl izek.k i= ij bls tkjh djus dk fMLisp uEcj vafdr gS vksj fookg vf/kdkjh dh eksgj yxkdj gLrk{kj gks jgs gSaA bl ij oj rFkk o/kw ds :i esa c`teksgu ,oa lquhrk ds rFkk rhu xokg Hkxoku nsoh] txnh'k oekZ ,oa jtuk eqtynh ds gLrk{kj gSaA Jherh lquhrk us vius l'kiFk c;kuksa esa fookg vf/kdkjh bUnkSj ds le{k blds rFkk c`teksgu ds chp fookg lEiUu gksuk crkrs gq, mä izek.k i= tkjh gksuk dgk gS vkSj bl lq>ko dks xyr crk;k gS fd blus ;g izek.k i= QthZ rS;kj djok;k gksa blls ;g Hkh iwNk x;k fd fookg ds fnu rks c`teksgu vtesj esa Fkk rks bl lq>ko dks blus xyr crk;k gSA bldk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd fookg djus ds fy;s ,d ekg iwoZ fookg vf/kdkjh ds ;gka izkFkZuk i= is'k dj fn;k FkkA ,-MCY;w-2 j?kquUnuflag dk dFku gS fd lquhrk dk fookg fnukad 5-8-2002 dks bUnkSj esa gqvk Fkk ftlesa mldh cgu rFkk nks vU; yksx ekStwn FksA tc bl 'kknh ds ckjs esa vihykFkhZ deyknsoh ls iwNk tkrk gs rks og dFku djrh gS fd lquhrk dh 'kknh blds yM+ds ls gqbZ gks rks bldh tkudkjh bls ugha gSA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr lk{kh ,u-,-MCY;w-2 dUgS;kyky Lo;a dks c`teksgu dk xq: HkkbZ vkSj mlls 20-25 lky ls lEidZ gksuk crkrk gSA bldk dFku gS fd ;g c`teksgu ds gLrk{kj igpkurk gS fdUrq tc bls izn'kZ 2 dk ,sls gLrk{kjksa okyk , ls ch Hkkx fn[kk;k tkrk gS rks ;g O;ä djrk gS fd bl ij gLrk{kj fdlds gSa] irk ugha fdUrq bl ij Certificate of marriage fy[kk gqvk gSA iwNs tkus ij bldk dFku gS fd ;fn c`teksgu us lquhrk ls bUnkSj esa fookg fd;k gks rFkk bUnkSj esa fookg izek.k i= tkjh gqvk gks] rks bls tkudkjh ugha gSA bl izdkj Li"V gS fd vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr lk{kh bl fookg izek.k i= ds tkjh gksus rFkk nksuksa ds chp fookg gksus ds rF; ls Li"V bUdkj ugha djrs fdUrq bl lEcU/k esa vufHkKrk tkfgj djrs gSaA 10- fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k us izLrqr lk{; dk foospu djrs gq, ;g mYys[k fd;k gS fd Jh ,l-ch- flag fookg vf/kdkjh bUnkSj }kjk fu/kkZfjr izk:i esa tkjh fookg izek.k i= izn'kZ 2 ij fu;ekuqlkj rhu xokgksa ds gLrk{kj gSA bl ij fMLisp uEcj] vf/kdkjh ds nLr[kr okyh eksgj rFkk xksy eksgj nksuksa vafdr gSA ;g izek.k i= vf/kfu;e] 1954 dh /kkjk 13 ds vUrxZr l{ke vf/kdkjh }kjk tkjh fd;k izekf.kr gksrk gSA blh rkjh[k dks c`teksgu ds gLrk{kj jsyos ds mifLFkfr jftLVj esa crkus ek= ls bl izek.k i= dh oS/krk lafnX/k ugha gksrk gS d;ksafd ljdkjh n¶rjksa esa vU;Fkk Hkh gkftjh lEHko gSA bl ij c`teksgu ,oa lquhrk ds gLrk{kj gksuk fookfnr ugha gS vkSj ;g gLrk{kj nksuksa ds dfFkr jsyos ikl izn'kZ 3 ij gq, gLrk{kjksa ls iw.kZr% esy [kkrs gSa] vr% jsyos ds mifLFkfr izek.k i= dh rqyuk esa bl fookg izek.k i= dks vf/kd egRo fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA U;k;ky; us ;g Hkh mYys[k fd;k gS fd c`teksgu dh eka c`teksgu dh bl 'kknh ls [kq'k ugha Fkh] vr% mlus vius igyh iRuh dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ viuh eka ls fcuk iwNs ;g nwljh 'kknh lquhrk ls dh vkSj blds izek.k Lo:i tkjh bl fookg izek.k i= ds lgh gksus dk fu"d"kZ fudyrk gSA bls vlR; fl) djus dk Hkkj foi{kh la[;k 1 o 2 ij gS ftldk os fuoZgu ugha dj lds gSaA 11- mä fookg izek.k i= izn'kZ 2 ds fl) ugha gksus ds lEcU/k esa fo}ku vf/koäk vihykFkhZ }kjk fo'ks"k fookg vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 12 ds ijUrqd rFkk /kkjk 13 dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] tks fuEu izdkj gS %& "12. Place and form of solemnization.—(1) The marriage may be solemnized at the office of the Marriage Officer, or at such other place within a reasonable distance therefrom as the parties may desire, and upon such conditions and the payment of such additional fees as may be prescribed. (2) The marriage may be solemnized in any form which the parties may choose to adopt: Provided that it shall not be complete and binding on the parties unless each party says to the other in the presence of the Marriage Officer and the three witnesses and in any language understood by the parties,—"I, (A), take (B), to be my lawful wife (or husband)." 13. Certificate of marriage.—(1) When the marriage has been solemnized, the Marriage Officer shall enter a certificate thereof in the form specified in the Fourth Schedule in a book to be kept by him for that purpose and to be called the Marriage Certificate Book and such certificate shall be signed by the parties to the marriage and the three witnesses. (2) On a certificate being entered in the Marriage Certificate Book by the Marriage Officer, the Certificate shall be deemed to be conclusive evidence of the fact that all formalities respecting the signatures of witnesses have been complied with. (2) On a certificate being entered in the Marriage Certificate Book by the Marriage Officer, the Certificate shall be deemed to be conclusive evidence of the fact that all formalities respecting the signatures of witnesses have been complied with. 12- /kkjk 12 ds ijUrqd ds vk/kkj ij mudk rdz gS fd tc rd fookg ds nksuksa i{kdkj fookg vf/kdkjh rFkk rhu xokgksa ds le{k ,d nwljs dks ifr iRuh ds :i esa Lodkj djus dh ?kks"k.kk ugha djsa rc rd ;g fookg iw.kZ rFkk i{kdkjksa ij ck/;dkjh ugha gS vkSj mä ?kks"k.kk ds ckn gh fookg izek.k i= iqfLrdk esa fookg dh izfof"V ds mijkUr gh ,sls izek.k i= dks fookg dh fu'pk;d lk{; ekuk tk ldrk gSA bl lEcU/k esa mUgksaus bykgkckn mPp U;k;ky; dk Åij mfYyf[kr fof/k n`"VkUr is'k fd;k ftldk voyksdu ;g n'kkZrk gS fd bl ekeys ds rF; gLrxr ekeys ds rF;ksa ls iwjh rjg fHkUurk fy;s gq;s gSaA blesa vihykFkhZ fueZynkl cksl vkSj dqekjh eerk xqykVh dk fookg fo'ks"k fookg vf/kfu;e] 1954 ds v/khu iath—r gqvk Fkk ftls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us 'kwU; ?kksf"kr dj fn;k FkkA ,slh fMØh dks vikLr djus gsrq ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; esa vihy izLrqr dh x;hA blesa U;k;ky; us ;g ik;k fd vihykFkhZ ifr us izR;FkhZ iRuh dh fookg gsrq lgefr ncko ,oa diV ls izkIr dh FkhA vihykFkhZ ,d VSDlh vkWijsVj Fkk vkSj 7 o"kZ dh vk;q ls gh izR;FkhZ dks tkurk FkkA og izR;FkhZ dks Ldwy ls viuh VSDlh esa ysdj vkrk Fkk vkSj bl izdkj mls iwjh rjg o'khHkwr dj viusizHkko esa ys fy;k FkkA vihykFkhZ dh vk;q bl dfFkr fookg ds le; 35 o"kZ dh Fkh tc fd izR;FkhZ ;qorh dh dsoy 18 o"kZaA vihykFkhZ us mldh funksZf"krk] vuqHko ds vHkko rFkk fd'kksj vk;q dk ykHk mBkrs gq, fookg izek.k i= ij mlds gLrk{kj djk fy;sA okLro esa nksuksa i{kksa ds chp fookg gqgk gh ugha vkSj nksuksa ifr iRuh ds :i esa lkFk Hkh ugha jgsA blesa izR;fkhZ Lo;a us ;g dFku fd;k Fkk fd og rks vk/ks ?k.Vs rd fookg vf/kdkjh ds ?kj ij jgh vkSj ogka dqN dkxtksa ij gLrk{kj fd;s] fookg vf/kdkjh blls dkxtksa ij gLrk{kj djkdj pyk x;kA bl rF; dh iqf"V fd'kksj dqekj ,oa vfuy V.Mu uked lkf{k;ksa us Hkh dhA bl izdkj U;k;ky; dk ;g er jgk fd izLrqr lk{; ls nksuksa ds chp fookg lEiUu gksuk vkSj /kkjk 12¼2½ vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk gksuk ekus tkus ;ksX; ugha gSA blesa U;k;ky; us ;g Hkh ik;k fd fo'ks"k fookg vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 o 6 ds vUrxZr dksbZ uksfVl Hkh tkjh ugha fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj bl izdkj /kkjk 5 ,oa 6 vf/kfu;e dh ikyuk ugha fd;k tkuk lkjHkwr fof/kd deh gSA bl izdkj bl fookg dks izkjEHk ls gh 'kwU; ekuk x;k vkSj /kkjk 24 vf/kfu;e dks m)`r djrs gq, ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k fd bl izko/kku ds vuqlkj nksuksa i{kdkjksa esa fdlh Hkh i{kdkj dh izkFkZuk ij fookg dks 'kwU; ?kksf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,slk fookg izdkj ls izkjEHk ls gh 'kwU;rk fy;s gks tkrk gSA U;k;ky; ek= bldh ?kks"k.kk djrk gS vkSj ;gh bl ekeys esa fd;k x;k gSA 13- ;g lgh gS fd mä fu.kZ; esa ;g izfrikfnr gS fd fookg esa nksuksa i{kksa ds }kjk fookg vf/kdkjh rFkk rhu lk{khx.k ds le{k ,d nwljs dks ifr iRuh ?kksf"kr djus ds ckn gh ,slk fookg i{kdkjksa ij iw.kZr% ck/;dkjh gksxkA gLrxr ekeys esa fookn ifr iRuh nksuksa ds e/; ugha gS vksj nksuksa i{kksa ij fookg ck/;dkjh gksus ;k u gksus dk fcUnq Hkh fopkjk/khu ugha gSA ;gka ifr dh e`R;q gks pqdh gS vkSj iRuh lquhrk us vius gLrk{kjksa dks fl) djrs gq, viuh lk{; ls bl fookgdk lEikfnr gksuk izekf.kr fd;k gSA bl fookg izek.k i= esa mä vk'k dh okafNr bckjr dk Hkh Li"V mYys[k gS] tks fl) Hkh dh x;h gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr ugha gS fd fookg vf/kdkjh ds le{k nksuksa us ,d nwljs dks ifr iRuh ds :i esa Lohdkj ugha fd;k gksa /kkjk 13¼2½ vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj bl izdkj dk izek.k i= fookg dh fu'pk;d lk{; ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA ;gka ,slh fLFkfr Hkh ugha gS fd fookg dks 'kwU; ?kksf"kr djus ds lEcU/k esa /kkjk 24 vf/kfu;e ds rgr fdlh i{kdkj us ;kfpdk izLrqr dh gksA blh fofu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 19 ,oa 20 esa fuEu izdkj izfrikfnr gS %& "19. The words 'conclusive evidence' have not been defined. However, 'evidence' has been defined in S.3 of the Indian Evidence act. 'Conclusive proof' has been defined in S.4 of the said Act. The definition of 'conclusive proof' is as follows: "When one fact is declared by this Act to be conclusive proof of another, the Court shall, on proof the one fact, regard the other as provide and shall not allow evidence to be given for the purpose of disproving it." It is, therefore, obvious that an artificial probative effect is thus given by the law to certain facts and no evidence is allowed to be produced with a view to combating that effect. The provisions contained in S.13(2) of the Special Marriage Act, 1954 however, does not use the expression 'conclusive proof' but instead the expression used therein is 'conclusive evidence'. What is provided is that on a certificate being entered in the Marriage Certificate Book by he Marriage Officer the certificate shall be deemed to be conclusive evidence of the fact that a marriage under the Act has been solemnized and that all formalities respecting the signatures of the witnesses have been complied with. The Legislative intent therefore, appears to be that on establishing that a Marriage Certificate Book, the other fact about the solemnization of the marriage and compliance of the formalities respecting the signatures of the witnesses have to be taken as duly complied with obviating the necessity to produce evidence in this regard. In other words, he aforesaid facts in the event of a certificate having been entered into the Marriage Certificate Book by the Marriage Officer need not be proved by formal evidence but the said certificate itself may be regarded as evidence of the fact stated therein without formal proof. When evidence which is made conclusive is adduced, the Court has no option but to hold that the facts exist. When evidence which is made conclusive is adduced, the Court has no option but to hold that the facts exist. In its decision in the case of Smt. Somwanti vs. State of Punjab, reported in AIR 1963 SC 151 , the Apex Court had clarified that since evidence means and includes all statements which the Court permits or requires to be made, when the law says that a particular kind of evidence would be conclusive as to the existence of a particular fact it implies that fact could be proved either by that evidence or by some other evidence which the Court evidence is adduced, it would be open to the court to consider whether upon that evidence the fact exists or not. Where, on the other hand, evidence which is made conclusive is adduced the Court has no option but to hold that the fact exists. If that were not so, it would be meaningless to call a particular piece of evidence as conclusive evidence. Once the law says that certain evidence is conclusive it shuts out any other evidence which would detract from the conclusiveness of that evidence. The Apex Court clarified in its aforesaid decision in he case of Somwanti (supra) that in substance, there is no difference between conclusive evidence and conclusive proof indicating that status may use he expression 'conclusive proof' where the object is to make a fact non-justiciable but the Legislature may use some other expression such as 'conclusive evidence' for achieving the same result. the aim of both is to give finality to the establishment of the existence of a fact from the proof of another. 20. In the aforesaid view of the matter, there can be no escape from the conclusion that on the establishment of the fact that the certificate had been entered in the Marriage Certificate Book by the Marriage Officer, the Court has no option but to proceed on the assumption that a marriage under the Act had been solemnized and the formalities respecting the signatures of witnesses had been complied with. However, apart from the above two facts about solemnization of marriage and the formalities respecting the signatures of the witnesses no other fact is to be deemed to have been established. However, apart from the above two facts about solemnization of marriage and the formalities respecting the signatures of the witnesses no other fact is to be deemed to have been established. In such a circumstance, it seems to me, that the establishment of the fact about the certificates being entered in the Marriage Certificate Book by the Marriage Officer by itself cannot lead to the conclusion that the requirement contemplated by the proviso to sub-section (2) of Section 12 of the Special Marriage Act, 1954 was also complied with and the fact in connection therewith cannot be deemed to have been proved merely on the proof of the fact of the entering of the certificate by Marriage Officer in the Marriage Certificate Book. The parties therefore, have to establish as a fact that each party had said to the other in the presence of the Marriage Officer and the three witnesses and in any language understood by the parties what is required to be said before a marriage in law could come into existence." 14- blds izdk'k esa gLrxr ekeys esa izLrqr gqbZ lk{; ds vk/kkj ij fookg izek.k i= izn'kZ 2 dks fookg dh fu'pk;d lk{; ds :i esa ekuk tkuk U;k;ksfpr gSA bl izek.k i= dks fl) dj nsus ds ckn ;g nkf;ro nwljs i{k vFkkZr ;gka vihykFkhZ i{k ij vk tkrk gS fd og ;g fl) djs fd okLro esa lquhrk rFkk c`teksgu ds chp fnukad 5-8-2002 dks izn'kZ 2 fookg izek.k i= ds vuqlkj fookg lEikfnr ugha gqvkA fookg lEikfnr gksus dh tks fLFkfr izr;FkhZ lquhrk }kjk fl) dh x;h gS] mls vfl) djus gsrq vihykFkhZx.k ds le{k ;g fodYi Fkk fd os ;g izekf.kr djrs fd bl ij c`teksgu] lquhrk] fookg vf/kdkjh ,oa rhuksa xokgksa ds gLrk{kj ugha gSA rhuksa xokgksa ds irs ekewe dj mUgsa is'k djk;k tk ldrk FkkA blds vfrfjä e`rd ds HkkbZ jktsUnz flag ftlds edku esa bl fookg ds ckn nksuksa dk i;kZIr le; lkFk jguk crk;k x;k gS] dks is'k fd;k tk ldrk FkkA ,-MCY;w- 2 j?kquUnu ds vuqlkj ;g 'kknh bUnkSj esa gqbZ vkSj ml le; lquhrk lfgr nks vU; yksx ekStwn FksA buesa ls Hkh fdlh dks is'k fd;k tk ldrk FkkA bl izdkj ds fookg ds rF; dks vfl) djus gsrq lEHko lqlaxr lkf{k;ksa esa ls fdlh dks is'k ugha fd;k x;k gSA 15- gLrxr ekeys esa ,d egRoiw.kZ lk{; izn'kZ 3 jsyos ;k=k ikl ¼ihVhvks½ gS] tks e`rd ds fu;ksäk dk;kZy; mi eq[; ;kaf=dh bZ- ¼dsfjt½ if'peh jsyos] vtesj }kjk fnukad 11-12-2002 dks tkj fd;k x;k gSA blesa c`teksgu dh vk;q 53 o"kZ vkSj bldh iRuh ds :i esa lquhrk dh vk;q 35 o"kZ vafdr gSA ;g ikl ,d fuf'pr LFkku ls nwljs fuf'pr LFkku ds fy, tkjh fd;k x;k gS vkSj l{ke vf/kdkjh] xokg Jh ,l-lh- vklksik ,oa fVfdV ckcw }kjk gLrk{kfjr gSA bl ij , ls ch c`teksgu rFkk lh ls Mh lquhrk ds gLrk{kj gks j[ks gSA blesa c`teksgu ds fy, lsYQ dk fVd yxk gqvk gS vkSj mldh iRuh ds fy, Hkh fVdekdZ vafdr djrs gq, iq'r ijlquhrk dk ukenf'kZr gSA bl izek.k i= ds ckjs esa lquhrk dk ;g dFku gS fd blds LoxhZ; ifr us jsyos foHkkx ls vius Lo;a ds fy,s rFkk blds ih-Vh-vks- fy;k Fkk ftlesa bls iRuh ds :i esa fn[kk;k gSA izfrijh{kk esa bldk Li"V dFku gS fd jsyos esa c`teksgu us viuh iRuh ds :i esa bldk uke fy[kok;k Fkk vkSj bls blds uke dk ikl ¼ihVhvks½ jsyos ls feyrk FkkA jsyos dh vksj ls bldk [k.Mu ugha gqvk gSA blls izfrijh{kk esa ;g iwNk x;k gS fd ;g izn'kZ 3 bldk u gksdj fdlh vU; dk is'k dj fn;k gS ftl lq>ko dks blus xyr crk;k gSA okLro esa izn'kZ 3 dk voyksdu ;gh nf'kZr djrk gS fd ;g c`teksgu rFkk lquhrk ds ijLij ifr iRuh gksus ds :i esa tkjh la;qä ikl gSA jsyos foHkkx dh vksj ls bldk dksbZ Li"Vhdj.k le{k ugha vk;k gS fd tc c`teksgu us foHkkx esa viuh iRuh ds :i esa lquhrk dk uke ntZ ugha djk [kk gS rks ,slk ih-Vh-vks- dSls] D;ksa dj vkSj fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa foHkkx tkjh djrk jgk gS vksj bldk D;k vk/kkj gSA 16- vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr lk{kh dUgS;kyky]] c`teksgu ds gLrk{kj igpkuuk crkrk gSA fdUrq tc bls ;g izn'kZ 3 fn[kk;k tkrk gS rks ;g dFku djrk gS fd bl ij , Vw ch Hkkx ds ykLV esa ^eksgu* fy[kk gS fdUrq igys D;k gS] bls irk ugha vkSj lh Vw Mh Hkkx ij lquhrk fy[kk gSA bldk ;g dFku tkucw>dj vlR; fn;k x;k izrhr gksrk gS D;ksafd , ls ch Hkkx esa c`teksgu Li"V fy[kk gS vkSj ;g c`teksgu ds gLrk{kj igpkuuk Hkh crkrk gSA bldk ;g dFku Hkh vlR; gS fd c`teksgu us vkt fnu rd lquhrk ds uke ls jsyos ls ih-Vh-vks- ugha fy;kA bls ,slh fuf'pr tkudkjh gksus dksbZ vk/kkj Hkh ugha gks ldrkA mä lk{kh dUgS;kyky dk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd ;fn c`teksgu us lquhrk ls bUnkSj esa fookg fd;k gS vkSj ogka izek.k i= tkjh gqvk gS rks bls bldh tkudkjh ugha gSA ,slk gh c;ku Lo;a deyk nsoh us Hkh fn;k gS fd lquhrk dh 'kknh blds yM+ds ls gqbZ gks rks bls irk ughaA bl deyk nsoh dk rks ;g dFku gS fd lquhrk] c`teksgu dh fookfgrk iRuh ugha gS] ftlls ;g vkHkkl gksrk gs fd ;g Lo;a bl fLFkfr ls ifjfpr gS fd bldk iq= c`teksgu lquhrk ds lkFk fuokl dj jgk Fkk fdUrq bl lR; fLFkfr dks ;g lquhrk ls vius iwokZxzgksa] ukjktxh ,oa iq= dh cdk;k lEiw.kZ jkf'k vkfn dh izkfIr ds mís'; ls U;k;ky; ds le{k Lohdkj ugha dj jgh gSA 17- izR;FkhZ lquhrk dk ;g dFku gS fd c`teksgu dh igyh iRuh ehjk Fkh] ftldk 7-8 lky igys fu/ku gks x;k FkkA xk;=h bldh rFkk c`teksgu dh xksn yh gqbZ iq=h gSA blds thtkth blds ifr ds HkkbZ yxrs gSa] ftUgsa bUnkSj esa DokVZj feyk gqvk Fkk ftlesa ;s nksuksa jgrs FksA c`teksgu bldh nhnh ds nsoj Hkh Fks vkSj blfy, c`teksgu dk ?kj vkuk tkuk jgrk FkkA bldh vkSj c`teksgu dh 'kknh ls c`teksgu dh ekrkth ukjkt Fkha] blfy, blds ifr bls dHkh bUnkSj o dHkh vtesj j[krs FksA xk;=h mQZ ccyh dks ckn esa mldh nknh us vtesj cqyk fy;k vkSj og mls bUnkSj ugha jgus nsrh FkhA bldk dFku gS fd vius ifr ds fØ;kdeZ ds oä ;g vtesj xh; Fkh rks bldh lkl us dgk fd rqe gekjh cgw ugha gks] bl dkj.k ;g fØ;kdeZ esa lfEefyr ugha gks ldhA bldk ;g Hkh Li"V dFku gS fd bldk igyk fookg gh c`teksgu ls gqvk Fkk vkSj ;g xyr gs fd iwoZ esa gqdeflag ls fookg gqvk gksA bldk ;g Hkh vfHkdFku gS fd fookg djus ds ,d ekg iwoZ bUgksaus fookg vf/kdkjh bUnkSj ds ;gka izkFkZuk i= izLrqr dj fn;k FkkA ,-MCY;w-2 j?kquUnuflag dk dFku gS fd lquhrk viuh 'kknh ds ckn nks rhu ekg vtesj jgh] fQj bUnkSj ls vtesj vkrh tkrh jghA c`teksgu lquhrk ds lkFk vf/kdrj bUnkSj esa gh jgrk Fkk d;ksafd bldh ekrk 'kknh ds f[kykQ Fkh vkSj lquhrk xjhc ifjokj dh yM+dh FkhA lquhrk tc Hkh vtesj vkrh Fkh] c`teksgu ds edku esa gh jgrh Fkh vkSj c`teksgu dh ekrkth T;knrj caxkyh ckck ds vkJe esa jgrh FkhA bl izdkj lquhrk vtesj ,oa bUnkSj nksuksa txg c`teksgu dh iRuh ds :i esa jghA bldk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd c`teksgu vkSj lquhrk dks c`teksgu dh cqvk ds yM+ds jktsUnzflag us feyok;k Fkk D;ksafd c`teksgu bUnkSj vkrs tkrs jgrs FksA blds vuqlkj xk;=h Hkh bu nksuksa ds lkFk jgrh Fkh ftldk ykyu ikyu vkSj ns[kHkky lquhrk o c`teksgu djrs FksA 18- mYys[kuh; gS fd e`rd ds cqvk ds yM+ds jktsUnzflag dks Hkh izkFkhZ rFkk mlds lkf{k;ksa }kjk crk;h x;h fLFkfr dks vlr; fl) djus gsrq is'k ugha fd;k x;k gSA tgka rd fookg izek.k i= tkjh gksus dh rkjh[k 5-8-2002 dks c`teksgu dh vtesj esa jsYos foHkkx esa mifLFkfr dk iz'u gs] bl lEcU/k esa jsyos foHkkx dh vksj ls mifLFkfr jftLVj ;k ewy vfHkys[k is'k ugha gqvk gS dsoy ,d izek.k i= izn'kZ 9 tkjh fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa c`teksgu dh vuqifLFkfr dh vof/k vafdr djrs gq, 'ks"k fnuksa esa dk;ZLFky ij mifLFkfr crk;h x;h gSA eq[;r% ;g izek.k i= ,d izdkj ls vuqifLFkfr dk fooj.k gS] u fd mifLFkfr dkA ;g izek.k i= ftl jftLVj rFkk vfHkys[k ds vk/kkj ij tkjh fd;k x;k gS] og is'k ugha fd;k x;k gS vkSj bls tkjh djus okys vf/kdkjhus bldk vk/kkj crkrs gq, bls fl) Hkh ugha fd;k gSA ,sls izek.k i= ds vk/kkj ij ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyuk dnkfi fof/klEer ugha gS fd fnukad 5-8-2002 dks c`teksgu vtesj esa vius dk;kZy; esa mifLFkr Fkk vkSj bUnkSj esa ugha Fkk tc fd nwljh vksj fookg vf/kdkjh }kjk tkjh izek.k i= ij vfo'okl djus dk dkj.k le{k ugha gk ldk gSA 19- fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k us lgh izdkj ls ;g vfHkfyf[kr fd;k gS fd ,sls vfl) mifLFkfr izek.k i= dh rqyuk esa fookg izek.k i= dks vf/kd egRo fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g izek.k i= c`teksgu dh fnukad 5-8-2002 dks dk;kZy; esa mifLFkfr ds lEcU/k esa gS tks fo'okl dks tUe ugha nsrkA bl lEcU/k esa fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k }kjk fn;s x;s dkj.k gks ldrk gS] lR; u gks fdUrq fuf'pr gh fopkj ;ksX; gSA ;g Hkh le{k vkrk gS fd vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izfrj{kk esa fHkUu fHkUu rdZ izLrqr fd;s x;s gSa ;Fkk lquhrk dk fookg gqdeflag ls gqvk Fkk ftlls lquhrk us bUdkj fd;k gS vkSj vihykFkhZ i{k }kjk ;g fl) ugha fd;k tk ldk gS fd lquhrk dk iwoZ esa gqdeflag ls fookg gqvk FkkA blh izdkj vihy esa ;g Hkh vafdr fd;k x;k gS fd izn'kZ 2 izek.k i= c`teksgu jktiwr ls lEcfU/kr gS tc fd e`rd c`teksgu dk uke vfHkys[k ij dgh Hkh bl :i esa ntZ ugha gS] vr% ;g izek.k i= e`rd c`teksgu ls lEc) ugha j[krk gSA ;g rdZ Hkh vk/kkjghu izrhr gksrk gSA vius }kjk mBk;s x;s bl rdZ dks Hkh vihykFkhZ i{k }kjk fl) ugha fd;k x;k gS fd c`teksgu dh e`R;q gksus ij lquhrk }kjk fØ;kdeZ djus ds nkf;Ro dk fuoZgu u djus ds dkj.k Hkh og c`teksgu dh iRuh ekus tkus ;ksX; ugha gSA bldk tks Li"Vhdj.k lquhrk us fn;k gS] og iwjh rjg Lohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSvkSj bl vk/kkj ij lquhrk ds fo:) dksbZ foijhr fu"d"kZ fudkyuk fof/klEer ugha gksxkA ;fn e`rd c`teksgu ds lsok fjdkMZ esa mlus iRuh ds :i esa lquhrk dk uke vafdr ugha djk;k rks blls nksuksa ds chp lEikfnr fookg dk rF; vlR; fl) ugha gksrk vkSj ;gka rks ;g v[kf.Mr lk{; fo/keku gS fd c`teksgu us viuh iRuh ds :i esa lquhrk dk uke fy[kk dj ih-Vh-vks- ¼jsYos ;k=k ikl¬ tkjh djk;kA tks jk'ku dkMZ izn'kZ ,-5 iznf'kZr djk;k gS] mldh dksbZ lqlaxrrk ugha gS D;ksafd ;g c`teksgu rFkk lquhrk ds fookg ds iwoZ o"kZ 2001 esa tkjh gqvk FkkA 20- mä leLr fLFkfr ds izdk'k esa eSa bl er dk gwa fd fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] vtesj us lquhrk dks LoxhZ; c`teksgu dh iRuh ekurs gq, Jherh deyk nsoh ,oa dq- xk;=h ds lkFk lkFk mlds i{k esa Hkh mÙkjkf/kdkj izek.k i= tkjh djus dk tks vkns'k ikfjr fd;k gS] og muds le{k izLrqr gqbZ lk{; ds mfpr ,oa lE;d~ foospu ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj iw.kZr% lgh ,oa fof/klEer gSA muds bl fu.kZ; fnukad 8-7-2009 esa mfYyf[kr dkj.kksa dh eSa ;gka iqujko`fr djuk vko';d ugha le>rk gwa fdUrq muls lgefr vfHkO;ä djrk gwaA 21- bl izdkj Åij fd;s x;s foLr`r foospu ds izdk'k esa Li"V gS fd vihy vihykFkhZx.k Lohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; ugha gS vkSj QyLo:i] vLoh—r djrs gq, fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] vtesj ds fu.kZ; fnukad 8-7-2009 dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA 22- mäkuqlkj ;g flfoy fofo/k vihy fujLr djrs gq, layXu LFkxu izkFkZuk i= la[;k 2540@2009 Hkh fujLr fd;k tkrk gSA