Hon'ble KOTHARI, J.— vfHk;qä vihykFkhZ euksgjyky dh vksj ls ;g vkijkf/kd fofo/k LFkxu vkosnu is'k dj izkFkZuk dh x;h gS fd fof'k"V U;k;k/kh'k] Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e] vtesj ds fu.kZ; fnukad 9-2-2007 }kjk bls nh x;h ltk dks rks bl U;k;ky; }kjk vkns'k fnukad 21-2-2007 ls LFkfxr dj fn;k x;k gs fdUrq fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk dh x;h nks"kflf) ds dkj.k bls blds in ls inP;qr dj fn;k x;k gSA ;fn bls inP;qr ugha fd;k tkrk rks ;g vxLr] 2011 esa lsokfuo`Ùk gksrkA bls iz'uxr izdj.k esa nqHkkZouk ls fyIr fd;k x;k gSA izLrqr vihy esa blds lQy gksus dh iw.kZ lEHkkouk gS] vr% lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 14 ds vuqlkj U;k;fgr esa ;g mfpr gS fd blds fo:) vkjksfir nks"kflf) dks Hkh LFkfxr fd;k tk,A 2- i`"BHkwfe bl izdkj gS fd fnukad 6-3-91 ls fnukad 11-3-91 ds e/; vihykFkhZ euksgjyky iqfyl Vªsfuax Ldwy] fd'kux<+ esa ftu 232 izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa dh Vªsfuax py jgh Fkh] ds ny dk dEiuh dek.Mj FkkA blds fo:) vkjksi gS fd blus vfHk;qä jes'kpUn iqfyl fujh{kd ds lkFk "kM+;a= dj izR;sd izf'k{k.kkFkhZ ls 200@& :i;s ds vuqlkj dqy 46]200@& :i;s dh jkf'k voS/k :i ls izkIr dh vkSj bls jes'kpan dks lEHkyk;kA iqfyl Vªsfuax Ldwy ds dek.Mj Hkh Hkxor flag dks bldh tkudkjh gqbZ rks mUgksaus tkap lEikfnr dh vkSj mä 46]200@& :i;s dh jkf'k cjken dh x;hA vihykFkhZ vfHk;qä o vU; ds fo:) izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ Fkkuk fd'kux< esa ntZ djok;h x;h fdUrq ;g ik;s tkus ij fd ;g ekeyk Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd C;wjks dk gS] Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e ¼ftls vkxs dsoy vf/kfu;e fy[kk tk;sxk½ dh fofHkUu /kkjkvksa ,oa /kkjk 120-ch Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ds rgr Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkx esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 92@1993 ntZ gqbZ ftlesa vuqla/kku ds ckn vkjksi i= izLrqr fd;k x;kA blds vuqlj.k esa vfHk;qä jes'kpUn rFkk vihykFkhZ vfHk;qä euksgjyky ds fo:) vkjksi fojfpr fd;s x;sA euksgjyky ds fo:) Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 11] 13¼1½¼Mh½¼2½ vf/kfu;e ds rgr vkjksi fojfpr gq,A vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls 49 xokgksa dks ijhf{kr djkrs gq, izn'kZ 1 yxk;r izn'kZ 19 izys[kh; lk{; iznf'kZr djk;h x;hA vfHk;qäx.k ds dFku /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr ys[kc) fd;s x;sA vfHk;qäx.k dh vksj ls nks xokg is'k djrs gq, izn'kZ 1 yxk;r izn'kZ 22 izys[kh; lk{; iznf'kZr djk;h x;hA 3- fopkj.k U;k;ky; us leLr lkf{k;ksa ds dFkuksa ,oa izLrqr izys[kh; lk{; dk foospu dj ;g ik;k fd vfHk;qä jes'kpUn }kjk izR;sd izf'k{k.kkFkhZ ls 200@& :- dh jkf'k ekaxh x;h tks vihykFkhZ euksgjyky dEiuh dek.Mj us izkIr dj jes'kpUn dks fn- 27-4-1991 dks mlds /kj tkdj lEHkyk;hA izfrj{kk esa izLrqr ;g rdZ fd ;g jkf'k eafnj ds fuekZ.k dks iw.kZ djus ds fy, izkIr dh x;h] dks fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vlR; ik;kA vUoh{kk ds mijkUr vihykFkhZ euksgjyky dks Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 11 ds vijk/k ls rks nks"keqä fd;k fdUrq vkijkf/kd nqjkpj.k gsrq /kkjk 13¼1½ ¼Mh½¼ii½ vf/kfu;e esa nf.Mr dj nks"kh fu/kkZfjr djrs gq, rhu o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl ,oa 10 gtkj :i;s ds vFkZn.M] vne vnk;xh vFkZn.M rhu ekg ds vfrfjä dBksj dkjkokl dh ltk ls nf.Mr fd;kA tSlk fd Åij mfYyf[kr gS fd vihykFkhZ ds fo:) ikfjr n.Mkns'k fn-21-7-2010 ds vkns'k ls LFkfxr fd;k tk pqdk gSA 4- fo}ku~ vf/koäk vihykFkhZ dk dFku gS fd vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ds fo:) izLrqr vihy Jo.kkFkZ xzg.k dh tk pqdh gSA vihykFkhZ dks nks"kh fu/kkZfjr djus ds le; og iqfyl ykbu] t;iqj esa lgk;d mi fujh{kd ds in ij dk;Zjr FkkA bl nks"kflf) ds dkj.k mls fnukad 19-3-2007 ds vkns'k ls inP;qr dj fn;k x;k gSA ;fn ,slk ugha fd;k tkrk rks ;g vxLr] 2011 esa lsokfuo`Ùk gksrkA vihy esa blds lQy gksus dh iw.kZ lEHkkouk gSA /kkjk 374 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr vihy izLrqr djuk bldk fof/kd vf/kdkj Fkk vkSj bl vihy esa tks Hkh fu.kZ; gksxk] og fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu"d"kZ dks izHkkfor djsxkA ,slh fLFkfr esa fofu.kZ; dfe'uj vkWQ bUde VSDl] eqEcbZ cuke Hkwisu pEidyky nyky ,oa vU; 2001 ,vkbZvkj ¼,llh½ 1096 rFkk Jerh v[rjh ckbZ cuke e/;izns'k jkT; ts-Vh- 2001¼4½ 40 ds izdk'k esa /kkjk 389¼1½ n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr bldh nks"kflf) dks LFkfxr fd;k tk,A vihy dh vfUre lquokbZ ,oa fuLrkj.k esa i;kZIr le; yxsxk vkSj ;fn bldh nks"kflf) dks LFkfxr ugha fd;k tkrk gS rks bldk vihy izLrqr djus dk dksbZ iz;kstu gh ugha jgsxk] QyLo:i bls viwj.kh; {kfr gksxhA tc bls vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 11 esa nks"keqä fd;k tk pqdk gS rks /kkjk 13¼1½¼Mh½¼ii½ lifBr /kkjk 13¼2½ vf/kfu;e esa bldh nks"kflf) ;Fkkor~ jgus ;ksX; ugha gS] vr% vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ds }kjk dh x;h bldh nks"kflf) dks LFkfxr fd;k tk,A 5- fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd us bldk fojks/k djrs gq, dFku fd;k fd vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ds voyksdu ls Li"V gS fd vfHk;qä ds fo:) iqfyl Vªsfuax Ldwy esa izf'k{k.k izkIr dj jgs 232 izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa esa ls izR;sd ls dEiuh dek.Mj ds :i esa yksd lsod ds drZO; fuoZgu djrs gq, 200@& 200@& :i;s dh jkf'k voS/k :i ls fj'or ds :i esa izkIr dh x;h gSA vfHk;qä dks fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk nks"kfl) fd;s tkus ds mijkUr mlds in ls inP;qr dj mldh lsok,a lekIr dj nh x;h gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa bl izdkj ds xEHkhj vijk/k ls vkjksfir ekeys esa vfHk;qä dh nks"kflf) LFkfxr fd;s tkus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gS] vr% vkosnu vLoh—r fd;k tk,A 6- eSaus nksuksa i{kksa ds rdksZ ij fopkj dj vk{ksfir fu.kZ; fnukad 9-2-2007 rFkk fopkj.k U;k;ky; dh i=koyh ij izLrqr gqbZ ekSf[kd ,oa izys[kh; lk{; dk voyksdu fd;kA izLrqr fof/k n`"VkUrksa ,oa vU; lqlaxr fofu.kZ;ksa dks Hkh ns[kkA 7- bl Lrj ij izdj.k ds xq.kkoxq.k ij foospu dj fdlh Hkh fcUnq ij dksbZ fu"d"kZ vfHkfyf[kr fd;k tkuk okafNr ugha gS fdUrq izFker% vk{ksfir vkns'k dk voyksdu ;g n'kkZrk gs fd izkFkhZ iqfyl Vªsfuax Ldwy] fd'kux<+ esa ogka izf'k{k.k izkIr dj jgs 232 izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa ds cSp dk dEiuh dek.Mj fu;qä Fkk ftlus vfHk;qä jes'kpUn ds funsZ'k ij izR;sd izf'k{k.kkFkhZ ls 200@& :i;s ds vuqlkj 46]200@& :i;s dh jkf'k voS/k :i ls ,df=r dj jes'kpUn dks lEHkyk;hA mlds bl —R; gsrq fopkj.k U;k;ky; us bls /kkjk 13¼1½¼Mh½¼ii½ lifBr /kkjk 13¼2½ Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e] 1988 ds vUrxZr rhu o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl rFkk vFkZn.M ls nf.Mr fd;k gSA bl fu.kZ; ds fo:) vihy izLrqr djus dk fof/kd vf/kdkj vfHk;qä dks izkIr Fkk vkSj mlds }kjk /kkjk 374 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr vihy izLrqr dh x;hA bl vihy ds fopkjk/khu jgrs gq, vfHk;qä dh ltk bl U;k;ky; ds vkns'k fnukad 21-7-2007 ls LFkfxr dj nh x;h fdUrq ltk LFkfxr fd;s tkus ek= ls vfHk;qä dks mldh nks"kflf) dks Hkh LFkfxr djk;s tkus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj izkIr ugha gks tkrk gSA fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk izkFkhZ dks nks"kfl) fd;s tkus ij iqfyl v/kh{kd] eq[;ky; t;iqj 'kgj us vius vkns'k fnukad 19-3-2007 ls mls lsok esa j[kuk vokaNuh; ekurs gq, lgk;d iqfyl fujh{kd ds in ls inP;qr dj fn;kA 8- izkFkhZ ds fo:) vkjksfir vijk/k dh iz—fr rFkk foHkkx }kjk mls inP;qr fd;s tkus ds vkns'k ds izdk'k esa bl Lrj ij izdj.k ds rF;ksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ifjizs{; esa izkFkhZ dh nks"kflf) dks LFkfxr fd;k tkuk fdlh Hkh izdkj ls U;k;ksfpr izrhr ugha gksrk gSA ;fn Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr nks"kfl) fd;s bl izdkj ds izdj.k esa izkFkhZ dh nks"kflf) dks LFkfxr fd;k tkrk gS rks fuf'pr gh ;g U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkj dk foosdiw.kZ mi;ksx ugha gksxkA ;g fof/k lqLFkkfir gS fd /kkjk 389¼1½ lifBr /kkjk 482 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr bl 'kfä dk vR;Ur vioknkRed ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gh mi;ksx fd;k tkuk gSA mä vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr nks"kfl) ik;s yksd lsod dks mlds in ij cuk;s j[kus esa U;k;ky; dks dksbZ lg;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,A ;fn vfHk;qä vius }kjk izLrqr vihy esa lQy gksrk gS rks ,slh fLFkfr esa lsok ds nkSjku rFkk lsokfuo`fÙk lEcU/kh lHkh ykHk og izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh gksxkA izkFkhZ ds fo:) vkjksfir vijk/k] blds izdkj] iz—fr ,oa le{k vk;s rF;ksa ds izdk'k esa ;g ekeyk /kkjk 389¼1½ lifBr /kkjk 482 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr nks"kflf) dks fuyfEcr fd;s tkus ;ksX; izrhr ugha gksrk gSA 9- fo}ku~ vf/koäk izkFkhZ }kjk tks fofu.kZ; izLrqr fd;s x;s gSa] os rF;ksa ij iwjh rjg fHkUurk fy;s gq, gSA fofu.kZ; ,vkbZvkj 2001 ,llh 1096 esa vkijkf/kd ekeys ds lkFk lkFk vk;dj vf/kfu;e ds rgr dk;Zokgh tkjh FkhA vfHk;qä }kjk vk;dj izkf/kdkjh ds le{k vihy izLrqr dh gqbZ Fkh ftlesa vihyh; izkf/kdkjh }kjk fudkys tkus okys fu"d"kZ lqlaxr rFkk foHkkxh; ekeys dks izHkkfor djus okys FksA ,slh fLFkfr esa vkijkf/kd dk;Zokgh dks LFkfxr fd;s tkus gsrq vUrfje vkns'k ikfjr fd;k x;k FkkA 10- eSaus bl lEcU/k esa dfri; fof/k n`"VkUrksa dk voyksdu fd;kA fofu.kZ; rfeyukMw jkT; cuke ,- txUukFku 1996¼5½ ,llhlh 329 esa pkjksa izR;FkhZx.k tks fd jkT; deZpkjh Fks] dks U;kf;d eftLVªsV }kjk fofHkUu vijk/kksa esa nks"kh fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k Fkk ftl n.Mkns'k dks fo}ku ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k }kjk iq"V fd;k x;kA blds fo:) mPp U;k;ky;] rfeyukMq esa fuxjkuh izLrqr djus ds lkFk lkFk /kkjk 389¼1½ n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr vkosnu izLrqr dj nks"kflf) ,oa n.Mkns'k dks fuyfEcr fd;s tkus dh izkFkZuk Hkh dh xbZA ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; us n.M izfØ;k lafgrk dh /kkjk 374¼3½ vkSj 389¼1½ o vU; izko/kkuksa rFkk fofu.kZ; jkek ukjax cuke jes'k ukjax ds izdk'k esa nks"kflf) ,oa n.Mkns'k dks LFkfxr fd;kA lEEkkuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us mä n.Mkns'k dks vikLr djrs gq, ;g izfrikfnr fd;k fd ;fn bl izdkj ds ekeys esa ,slk n`f"Vdks.k fy;k tkrk gS rks nks"kh fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s vfHk;qä dks FkksMh Hkh dfBukbZ ;k gkfu gksus dh fLFkfr esa izR;sd nks"kflf) vihy ;k fuxjkuh ds fopkjk/khu jgrs gq, fuyfEcr fd;s tkus dh fLFkfr vk tk;sxhA blesa Hkh ,d izR;FkhZ txUukFku bjksM iqfyl Fkkus esa fujh{kd ds in ij dk;Zjr Fkk vkSj /kkjk 392] 218 ,oa 466 Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ds vUrxZr nks"kh fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k FkkA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds vuqlkj mPp U;k;ky; us yksdlsod izR;FkhZx.k ds uSfrd vkpj.k vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls izR;FkhZ txUukFku iqfyl fujh{kd ds vijk/k dks /;ku esa ugha j[kk vkSj bl ij fopkj gh ugha fd;k fd bls Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds rgr nks"kh fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA ekuuh; 'kh"kZ U;k;ky; ds vuqlkj bl izdkj ds ekeys esa /kkjk 389¼1½ ;k /kkjk 482 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr foosdk/khu 'kfä;ksa dk iz;ksx nks"kflf) dks fuyfEcr fd;s tkus gsrq ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A 11- fofu.kZ; ds-lh- ljhu cuke lhchvkbZ] p.Mhx< ¼2001½ 6 ,llhlh 584 esa Hkh Hkz"Vkpkj ds vkjksiksa esa nks"kfl) gq, yksd lsod ,oa mls fn;s n.Mkns'k ds fo:) izLrqr vihy mPp U;k;ky; esa fopkjk/khu FkhA vihykFkhZ cSad esa ,d vf/kdkjh Fkk ftls fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk /kkjk 13¼2½ Hkz"Vkpkj fuokj.k vf/kfu;e ds rgr ,d o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl ,oa ikap lkS :i;s ds vFkZn.M ls nf.Mr fd;k x;k FkkA blds fo:) izLrqr vihy esa ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; us mldh ltk dks LFkfxr fd;kA nks"kflf) ds fu.kZ; ds dkj.k foHkkx us vihykFkhZ ds fo:) vuq'kklfud dk;Zokgh izkjEHk dj nks"kflf) ds vk/kkj ij mls lsok ls inP;qr dj fn;kA bl ij vihykFkhZ us mldh nks"kflf) dks fuyfEcr fd;s tkus gsrq mPp U;k;ky; esa nks ckj izkFkZuk dh] tks vLoh—r dj nh x;hA bu vkn'kksa dks vfHk;qä i{k }kjk ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh x;h vkSj vius i{k ds leFkZu esa v[rjhckbZ cuke e/;izns'k jkT; ¼2005½ 4 ,llhlh 355 izLrqr fd;k x;k tks gekjs le{k fopkjk/khu bl ekeys esa Hkh fo}ku~ vf/koäk vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us Li"Vr% ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k fd bl fofu.kZ; esa izfrikfnr fLFkfr esa ;g rkRi;Z drbZ ugha fudkyk tkuk pkfg, fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk dh x;h nks"kflf) ,oa n.Mkns'k vihy izLrqr djus ds dkj.k Lor% gh fuyfEcr ekus tkus ;ksX; gSA vius gh dbZ fof/k n`"VkUrksa dk mYys[k dj ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us vius gh fofu.kZ; jkek ukjax cuke jes'k ukjax 1995¼2½ ,llhlh 513 dks m)`r fd;k ftlds iSjk la[;k 11] 12 ,oa 13 esa fuEu izdkj izfrikfnr gS %& "11. The legal position, therefore, is this: though the power to suspend an order of conviction, apart from the order of sentence, is not alien to Section 389(1) of the Code, its exercise should be limited to very exceptional cases. Merely because the convicted person files an appeal in challenge of the conviction the Court should not suspend the operation of the order of conviction. The Court has a duty to look at all aspects including the ramifications of keeping such conviction in abeyance. It is in the light of the above legal position that we have to examine the question as to what should be the position when a public servant is convicted of an offence under the PC Act. No doubt when the appellate Court admits the appeal filed in challenge of the conviction and sentence for the offence under the PC Act, the superior court should normally suspend the sentence of imprisonment until disposal of the appeal, because refusal thereof would render the very appeal otiose unless such appeal could be heard soon after the filing of the appeal. But suspension of conviction of the offence under the PC Act, dehors the sentence of imprisonment as a sequel thereto, is a different mater. 12. Corruption by public servants has now reached a monstrous dimension in India. Its tentacles have started grappling even the institutions created for the protection of the republic. Unless those tentacles are intercepted and impeded from gripping the normal and orderly functioning of the public offices, through strong legislative, executive as well as judicial exercises the corrupt public servants could even paralyse the functioning of such institutions and thereby hinder the democratic polity. Proliferation of corrupt public servants could garner momentum to cripple the social order if such men are allowed to continue to manage and operate public institutions. When a public servant was found guilty of corruption after a judicial adjudicatory process conducted by a Court of law, judiciousness demands that he should be treated as corrupt until he is exonerated by a superior court. The mere fact that an appellate or revisional forum has decided to entertain his challenge and to go into the issues and findings made against such public servants once again should not even temporarily absolve him from such findings. The mere fact that an appellate or revisional forum has decided to entertain his challenge and to go into the issues and findings made against such public servants once again should not even temporarily absolve him from such findings. If such a public servant becomes entitled to hold public office and to continue to do official acts until he is judicially absolved from such findings by reason of suspension of the order of conviction it is public interest which suffers and sometimes even irreparably. When a public servant who is convicted of corruption is allowed to continue to hold public office it would impair the morale of the other persons manning such office, and consequently that would erode the already shrunk confidence of the people in such public institutions besides demoralizing the other honest public servants who would either be the colleagues or subordinates of the convicted persons. If honest public servants are compelled to take orders from proclaimed corrupt officers on account of the suspension of the conviction the fall out would be one of shaking the system itself. Hence, it is necessary that the Court should not aid the public servant who stands convicted for corruption charges to hold only public office until he is exonerated after conducting a judicial adjudication at the appellate or revisional level. It is a different matter if a corrupt public officer could continue to hold such public office even without the help of a court order suspending the conviction. The above policy can be acknowledged as necessary for the efficacy and proper functioning of public offices. If so, the legal position can be laid down that when conviction is on a corruption charge against a public servant the appellate court or the revisional court should not suspend the order of conviction during the pendency of the appeal even if the sentence of imprisonment is suspended. If so, the legal position can be laid down that when conviction is on a corruption charge against a public servant the appellate court or the revisional court should not suspend the order of conviction during the pendency of the appeal even if the sentence of imprisonment is suspended. 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