'kekZ] lnL;-&;g f}rh; vihy U;k;ky;] Hkw-izca/k vf/kdkjh insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] ¼ckM+esj-tSlyesj½ eq[;ky; tks/kiqj ¼izFke vihyh; U;k;ky;½ }kjk vihy la[;k 48@2010 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 12-5-2011 ds fo:) jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 ¼la{ksi esa ^vf/kfu;e] 1955*½ dh /kkjk 224 ds vUrxZr izLrqr dh x;h gSA 2- vihy Kkiu vuqlkj izdj.k ds lqlaxr rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS fd oknh@izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 fd'kukjke us vf/kfu;e] 1955 ds vUrxZr ,d jktLo okn okLrs [kkrsnkjh ?kks"k.kk ,oa LFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk U;k;ky; mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ckM+esj ¼fopkj.k U;k;ky;½ ds le{k izLrqr dj fuosnu fd;k fd oknxzLr vkjkth ekStk ekMiqjk lkuh dh [kljk uEcj 158 o 259 jdck Øe'k% 74-00 o 12-06 dqy 86-06 ch?kk rFkk ekStk jkmQth dh <k.kh ds [kljk la- 174 o 175 jdck Øe'k% 0-04 o 121-00 dqy fdrk 2 dqy jdck 121-04 ch?kk esa ls 1@8 fgLls dk oknh dks [kkrsnkj ?kksf"kr fd;k tkosA ijh{k.k U;k;ky; ds le{k blh oknxzLr vkjkth ds laca/k esa ,d okn la[;k 144@08 xqekukjke oxSjg us izLrqr fd;k ftls vihyk/khu vkns'k dh i=koyh la[;k 214@06 ds lkFk lek;ksftr fd;k x;k] D;ksafd nksuksa izdj.kksa esa i{kdkj o okn dh fo"k; oLrq leku FkhA nksuksa nkoksa dh ,d lkFk lquokbZ dh tkdj fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk oknh izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 }kjk izLrqr okn dks Lohdkj dj fnukad 2-2-2009 dks izkFkfed fMØh tkjh dh x;h vkSj fnukad 27-7-2010 dks foHkktu dh vfUre fMØh tkjh dj nh x;hA fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds mDr fu.kZ; fnukad 2-2-2009 o fnukad 27-7-2010 ds fo:) vihykFkhZ us izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; ds le{k vihy izLrqr dhA izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us vius fu.kZ; fnukad 12-5-2011 }kjk mDr izFke vihy dks fujLr dj fn;kA izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; ds mDr fu.kZ; fnukad 12-5-2011 ls O;fFkr gksdj ;g gLrxr f}rh; vihy jktLo e.My esa eq[;r% bl vk/kkj ij izLrqr dh xbZ gS fd& ¼1½ izkFkfed fMØh esa oknh@izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 dk 1@8 fgLlk fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k Fkk fdUrq vfUre fMØh tkjh djrs le; mldk 1@2 fgLlk fu/kkZfjr dj fn;k x;kA ¼2½ foHkktu izLrko rglhynkj }kjk ekSds ij tkdj ugha cuk;s x;s vfirq Hkw-vfHkys[k fujh{kd dokl }kjk rS;kj djk;s x;s tks fd fu;e 18 ls 21 ds foijhr gSA ¼3½ oknxzLr vkjkth esa ls 21 ch?kk 6 fcLok Hkwfe lkoZtfud iz;kstukFkZ vokIr djus gsrq jkT; ljdkj }kjk vf/klwpuk fnukad 23-5-2008 tkjh dh xbZ FkhA vokIrlqnk Hkwfe esa ls 15 ch?kk 6 fcLok Hkwfe Jh xq.ks'kkjke ds okfjlku ds o 6 ch?kk Hkwfe dykjke ds fgLls esa j[kh x;h tcfd Hkwfe dh fdLe] ewY; o yxku ds vk/kkj ij ikfjokfjd lnL;ksa ds vuqikfrd fgLlksa ds vuqlkj vokIr'kqnk vkjkth foHkkftr djuh pkfg;s Fkh] D;ksafd vkofIr ds ckn izkFkfed fMØh tkjh dh x;h FkhA ¼4½ vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vokIr'kqnk Hkwfe ds ckjs esa lquokbZ dk vf/kdkj jktLo U;k;ky; dks ugha gksuk ekurs gq, vihy fujLr dj nhA ;fn vihy la/kkj.k ;ksX; ugha Fkh rks fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vokIr'kqnk vkjkth;kr o vUk vkjkth;kr dk ,d lkFk caVokjk dj fn;k x;k fu.kZ; Hkh fujLruh; FkkA fdUrq izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; o fMØh ckcr dksbZ vkns'k ikfjr ugha fd;k x;k gSA mijksDr vk/kkjksa ij gLrxr f}rh; vihy izLrqr dj vuqrks"k pkgk x;k gS fd vihy Lohdkj dh tkos] vkSj izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 12-5-2011 dks rFkk fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh fnukad 2-2-2009 ds izHkko o fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 27-7-2010 dks fujLr fd;k tkosA 3- izR;FkhZx.k }kjk ,d izkjfEHkd vkifRr izkFkZuk i= fnukad 14-9-2011 izLrqr fd;k x;k gS fd oknxzLr Hkwfe esa ls HkwHkkx dks dsUnzh; Hkwfe vokfIr vf/kfu;e ds rgr jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk vokIr fd;k tk pqdk gS] vr% gLrxr vihy dh lquokbZ djus dk {ks=kf/kdkj jktLo U;k;ky; dks ugha gSA vokIr Hkwfe ds eqvkots ds pSd vihykFkhZx.k }kjk Lohdkj dj fy;s x;s gS] vr% vc og vius d`R; ls ,LVksIM gksus ls gLrxr vihy ykus ds fy, l{ke ugha gSaA vihy fujLr dh tkus ;ksX; gSA fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k nks okn fopkjk/khu FksA vU; okn la[;k 144@08 dks bl okn ds lkFk la;ksftr fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk la;ksftr okn la[;k 144@08 dks Hkh fu.khZr fd;k Fkk fdUrq vihykFkhZ }kjk mDr okn ds fu.kZ; ds fo:) dksbZ vihy izLrqr ugha dh gS] vr% dsoy ,d okn esa ikfjr fu.kZ; ds fo:) vihy iks"k.kh; ugha gksus ls [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSaA 4- mHk; i{k dh cgl izkjfEHkd vkifRr ,oa vihy ds xq.kkoxq.k ij lquh xbZA 5- fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd vihykFkhZ us vihy Kkiu esa of.kZr rF;ksa dks nksgjkrs gq, cgl esa dgk fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr izkFkfed fMØh o vfUre fMØh esa vUrj gSA izkFkfed fMØh esa oknh dk 1@8 fgLlk fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k Fkk] tcfd vfUre fMØh esa 1@2 fgLlk ns fn;k x;k] tks xyr gSA Hkwfe vokIr fd;s tkus dh vf/klwpuk tkjh djus ls iwoZ okn izLrqr fd;k tk pqdk Fkk] ftls lquokbZ dk iw.kZ {ks=kf/kdkj jktLo U;k;ky; esa fufgr FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esas vokIr'kqnk vkjkth;kr lHkh i{kdkjku ds ikfjokfjd fgLlksa ds vuqikr vuqikfrd :i ls foHkkftr dj cjkcj dher@eqvkotk jkf'k iznku djuh pkfg;s Fkh vFkkZr mlh vuqlkj vokIr'kqnk Hkwfe dk caVokjk djuk pkfg;s Fkk rFkk 'ks"k vkjkth;kr dk jktLo e.My ds d'krdkjh fu;e] 1955 ds fu;e 18 ls 21 ds vuqlkj ckbZ ehVl ,.M ckm.Ml vfHkys[k rFkk ekSds ij Hkwfe dh fdLe] ewY; rFkk yxku vuqlkj fgLlksa ds vuqikr esa foHkktu djuk pkfg;s FkkA fookfnr vkjkth dk foHkktu djus ds vkns'k fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk rglhynkj ckM+esj dks fn;s x;s Fks fdUrq mUgksaus ekSds ij tkdj foHkktu izLrko rS;kj ugha fd;s vfirq Hkw-vfHkys[k fujh{kd dokl ls izLrko rS;kj djk dj U;k;ky; esa izLrqr dj fn;sA foHkktu izLrko ij rglhynkj ds gLrk{kj ugha gSA jktLFkku dk'rdkjh ¼jktLo e.My½ fu;e] 1955 ds 18 ls 21 ds izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk ugha gksus ds dkj.k ek= ls gh fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vfUre fMØh fof/k fo:) gksus ls fujLruh; Fkh fdUrq vihyh; U;k;ky; us fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; o fMØh fujLr djus ds ctk; lquokbZ dk {ks=kf/kdkj jktLo U;k;ky; dk u gksuk ekurs gq, vihy [kkfjt djus esa Hkkjh vfu;ferrk dh gSA fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd }kjk vius i{k esa ILR 1961 1173, 1986 RRD 676, 2007(1) RRT 3 ds U;kf;d n`"VkUr izLrqr djrs gq, fuosnu fd;k gS fd vihy Lohdkj dh tkdj nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds fu.kZ; fujLr fd;s tkosA 6- vihy dk fojks/k djrs gq, fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd izR;FkhZx.k dk rdZ gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vfUre fMØh esa dksbZ =qfV ugha gS] vfirq og izkFkfed fMØh ds gh vuq:i gSA fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk ;g Hkh vfHkdFku gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fof/kor foHkktu ds ckn izR;FkhZ ds gd esa vk;h Hkwfe esa ls dqN Hkwfe lkoZtfud iz;kstukFkZ jkT; ljdkj }kjk vokIr dh xbZ gS] ftldk eqvkotk izR;FkhZ dk gh feyuk FkkA Hkwfe vokfIr dh dk;Zokgh ijh{k.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; o fMØh ds i'pkr dh xbZ gS vkSj Hkwfe vokIr gksus ds i'pkr~ vihykFkhZx.k }kjk izFke vihy Hkw-izcU/k vf/kdkjh insu jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh ¼ckM+esj tSlyesj½ eq[;ky; tks/kiqj ds le{k izLrqr dh xbZ gS] ftls izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us lquokbZ dk vf/kdkj jktLo U;k;ky; dk u gksuk ekudj fu;ekuqlkj fujLr dh gS] D;ksafd Hkwfe vkofIr vf/kfu;e ds rgr ;fn fdlh Hkwfe dks jkT; ljdkj ds fgr esa vokIr fd;k tkrk gS rks fookfnr vkjkth ls lacaf/kr pqukSrh ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; ,oa loksZPp U;k;ky; esa nh tk ldrh gS ;k vihy dh tk ldrh gSA fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd }kjk U;kf;d n`"VkUr 2000 RBJ 48, 134, 137, 221, 273, 314, 340, 376 o 497 izLrqr djrs gq, ;g Hkh rdZ fd;k x;k gS fd nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds leorhZ fu.kZ; gS ftuesa ,slh fdlh izdkj dh =qfV ifjyf{kr ugha gksrh ftlls f}rh; vihy ds ek/;e ls gLr{ksi dj fujLr fd;k tk ldsA vr% f}rh; vihy lkjghu gksus ls [kkfjt dh tkosA 7- mHk; cgl dh cgl ij euu fd;k x;kA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dh i=koyh ds lkFk layXu fu.kZ;ksa ,oa nLrkostkr dk vk|ksikUr voyksdu o v/;;u fd;k x;k ,oa izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA 8- izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vihy dks blfy, Jo.k ;ksX; ugha ekuk x;k gS fd oknxzLr Hkwfe esa ls dqN Hkwfe dks jkT; ljdkj }kjk lkoZtfud iz;kstukFkZ vf/kxzfgr dj fy;k gS] ftlls izdj.k dks lquus dk jktLo U;k;ky; dks {ks=kf/kdkj ugha jgk gSA mUgksaus vius fu.kZ; esa flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dh /kkjk 9 o Hkwfe vokfIr vf/kfu;e 1894 dh /kkjk 54 dks vk/kkj cuk;k gS vkSj U;kf;d n`"VkUr 2008¼1½ RRT 174 ls leFkZu gkfly fd;k gSA flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dh /kkjk 9 fuEu izdkj gS& "9. Courts to try all civil suits unless barred.-The Courts shall (subject to provisions herein contained) have jurisdiction to try all suits of a civil nature excepting suits of which their cognizance is either expressly or impliedly barred. Explanation I.-A suit in which the right to property or to an office is contested is a suit of a civil nature, notwithstanding that such right may depend entirely on the decision of questions as to religious rites or ceremonies. Explanation II.-For the purposes of this section, it is immaterial whether or not any fees are attached to the office referred to in Explanation I or whether or not such office is attached to a particular place." bl izdkj /kkjk 9 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds vuqlkj U;k;ky; izR;sd ml okn dks lquus ds fy, l{ke gS tks fd vfHkO;Dr vFkok foof{kr :i ls mlds {ks=kf/kdkj ls oftZr ugha fd;k x;k gksA dsUnzh; Hkwfe vokfIr vf/kfu;e] 1894 dh /kkjk 54 fuEu izdkj gS& "54. Appeal in proceedings before the Court.-Subject to the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) applicable of appeals from original decrees and notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any enactment for time being in force, an appeal shall only lie in any proceedings under this Act to the High Court from the award, or from any part of the award, of the Court and from any decree of the High Court passed on such appeal as aforesaid an appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court subject to the provisions contained in Section 110 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, and in order XLV thereof." bl izdkj flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dh /kkjk 9 lifBr Hkwfe vokfIr vf/kfu;e 1894 dh /kkjk 54 ds izko/kkuksa dk izHkko ;g gS fd 1894 ds mDr vf/kfu;e ds rgr Hkwfe vokfIr gsrq dh x;h dk;Zokgh ds fo:) vihy ;k ;kfpdk dsoy mPp U;k;ky; esa gh dh tk ldrh gSA gLrxr izdj.k esa oknhx.k dk okn 1894 ds vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr dh x;h Hkwfe vokfIr dh dk;Zokgh] fu/kkZfjr dh x;h {kfriwfrZ jkf'k vFkok tkjh fd;s x;s vokMZ vkfn ds fo:) ugha gS vfirq oknxzLr Hkwfe esa oknhx.k dk fgLlk ?kksf"kr djkus ,oa foHkktu djkus gsrq vf/kfu;e] 1955 dh /kkjk 88] 53 o 188 ds vUrxZr izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA vf/kfu;e] 1955 dh /kkjk 207 lifBr r`rh; vuqlwph vuqlkj ,slk okn] tc rd fd fdlh fo'ks"k fof/k }kjk oftZr ugha fd;k x;k gks] jktLo U;k;ky; esa gh fopkj.kh; gSA pwafd flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dh /kkjk 9 lifBr Hkwfe vokfIr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 54 ds izko/kku orZeku okn dks oftZr ugha djrs gSa vkSj pwafd ;g okn vf/kxzg.k dh dk;Zokgh vkjEHk gksus ls igys ls gh fopkj/khu Fkk] vr% gekjs er vuqlkj bl fcUnq ij izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dk fu"d"kZ fof/k dh xyr O;k[;k dk ifj.kke gSA izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr dh x;h vihy la[;k 48@2010 jktLo U;k;ky; }kjk gh fopkj.kh; Fkh vkSj mldk fu.kZ; xq.kkoxq.k ij fd;k tkuk pkfg;s FkkA 9- izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; us ftl U;kf;d n`"VkUr 2008 (1) RRT 174 ls leFkZu gkfly fd;k gS] mlesa vf/kxzg.k dh dk;Zokgh gsrq vf/klwpuk fnukad 2-6-2006 dks tkjh dh x;h Fkh vkSj oknh }kjk Hkwfe vokfIr djus okys fudk; ¼fjdks½ dks i{kdkj cukrs gq, la'kksf/kr nkok fnukad 21-8-2006 dks izLrqr fd;k x;k FkkA mDr la'kksf/kr okn dks iks"k.kh; ugha ekuk x;kA bl izdkj mn/k`r U;kf;d n`"VkUr ds rF; orZeku izdj.k ls fHkUu gSA orZeku izdj.k esa oknhx.k dk nkok fnukad 28-9-2006 dks izLrqr gks pqdk Fkk tks fd okLrs vf/kdkj ?kks"k.kk o foHkktu FkkA fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa okn yfEcr jgus ds nkSjku gh oknxzLr Hkwfe esa ls dqN Hkwfe lkoZtfud iz;kstukFkZ vokIr djus gsrq /kkjk 4¼1½ Hkwfe vokfIr vf/kfu;e 1894 dh vf/klwpuk fnukad 23-5-2008 dks tkjh dh x;hA ,sls izdj.k ij e.My }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; 1986 RRD 676 esa izfrikfnr U;k; fl)kUr ls lger gksrs gq, gekjk ;g er gS fd Hkwfe vokfIr vf/kfu;e 1894 ds vUrxZr dh x;h vokfIr dh dk;Zokgh o viuk;h x;h izfØ;k] fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s eqvkots] tkjh fd;s x;s vokMZ vkfn ds fo:) jktLo U;k;ky; dk {ks=kf/kdkj oftZr gks ldrk gS fdUrq vxj vokIr dh tk jgh vFkok dh x;h Hkwfe dh [kkrsnkjh ,oa fgLls dks ysdj fookn gks rks ,sls okn dh lquokbZ jktLo U;k;ky; }kjk gh dh tk;sxhA gLrxr izdj.k esa jktLo okn okLrs vf/kdkj ?kks"k.kk o foHkktu fnukad 28-9-2006 dks izLrqr gks pqdk Fkk] vkSj nkok fopkjk/khu FkkA izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; dk ;g er] gekjs er vuqlkj] fof/k dh lgh O;k[;k ij vk/kkfjr ugha gS fd oknxzLr Hkwfe esa ls dqN Hkwfe nkSjkus okn jkT; ljdkj }kjk vf/kxzfgr dj ysus ls okn dk {ks=kf/kdkj jktLo U;k;ky; ds ikl ugha jgkA fopkjk/khu okn ds fy, lanHkZ rkjh[k og gS ftl fnu okn izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj mlh fnukad ds lanHkZ esa gh jktLo U;k;ky; dk {ks=kf/kdkj ns[kk tkosxk vkSj bl n`f"V ls gLrxr izdj.k dks lquus dk {ks=kf/kdkj jktLo U;k;ky; dks gh gSA 10- fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd izR;FkhZ dh rjQ ls izLrqr 2000 RBJ 48, 134, 137, 221, 273, 314, 340, 376 o 497 ds U;kf;d n`"VkUr bl fcUnq ij gS fd tc nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa }kjk rF;ksa ij leorhZ fu"d"kZ vafdr fd;s x;s gks rks f}rh; vihy esa muesa gLr{ksi ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA gLrxr izdj.k esa pwafd egRoiw.kZ iz'u U;k;ky; ds {ks=kf/kdkj lEcU/kh gS vkSj orZeku esa ge izdj.k dh rF;kRed xq.koRrk ij fopkj ugha dj jgs gS] vr% fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd izR;FkhZ }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUr orZeku Lrj ij izklafxd ugha gSA orZeku esa dsoy U;k;ky; ds {ks=kf/kdkj lEcU/kh fof/kd iz'u gh fopkj.kh; gS] ftl ij viuk er iwoZ esa gh O;Dr dj pqds gSaA 11- fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd izR;FkhZ }kjk izLrqr izkjfEHkd vkifRr izkFkZuk i= esa ,d vkifRr ;g izLrqr dh x;h gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k nks okn fopkjk/khu FksA vU; okn la[;k 144@08 dks bl okn ds lkFk la;ksftr fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk la;ksftr okn la[;k 144@08 dks Hkh fu.khZr fd;k Fkk fdUrq vihykFkhZ }kjk mDr okn ds fu.kZ; ds fo:) dksbZ vihy izLrqr ugha dh gS] vr% dsoy ,d okn esa ikfjr fu.kZ; ds fo:) vihy iks"k.kh; ugha gksus ls [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA ;g lgh gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k nks okn fopkjk/khu FksA ,d okn la[;k 214@06 muokuh fd'kukjke cuke [kqek.kk vkfn vkSj nwljk okn la[;k 144@08 muokuh [kqek.kkjke cuke Hkksikjke vkfnA okn la[;k 144@08 dks okn la[;k 214@06 ds lkFk fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds vkns'k fnukad 27-7-2010 }kjk geQhrk@la;ksftr fd;k x;k Fkk] D;ksafd nksuksa gh nkoksa esa i{kdkjku o fookfnr Hkwfe leku gSA bl izdkj la;kstu ¼ consolidation ½ ds ckn nksuksa okn ,d gks x;s vkSj rRi'pkr~ mDr nksuksa nkoksa dks ,d eku dj gh fu.khZr fd;k x;k gSA vFkkZr okn la[;k 144@08 okn la[;k 214@08 okn la[;k 214@06 esa lekfgr ¼ merge ½ gks pqdk gS vkSj okn la[;k 144@08 dk vyx ls vkSipkfjd :i ls fu.kZ; ugha fd;k x;k gS vfirq okn la[;k 214@06 ds fu.kZ; esa okn la[;k 144@08 dk fu.kZ; lekfgr gSA blds fy, vyx ls fu.kZ; ikfjr djuk o ,sls fu.kZ; ds fo:) nks vyx vyx vihysa izLrqr djuk vko';d ugha gSaA gekjk ;g er fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd vihykFkhZ }kjk izLrqr n`"VkUr ILR 1961 1173 ij vk/kkfjr gS] ftlesa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd& "In the code of Civil Procedure, there is no specific provision for consolidation of proceedings, but it may be taken to be a settled principle of law that courts are competent to consolidate proceedings in the exercise of their inherent powers. Consolidation and stay have a common purpose to fulfil and are, therefore akin to each other in many respects. There are, however, some points of distinction. In the case of stay, the two proceedings remain separate from start to finish, while in the case of consolidation, once the Court has ordered consolidation, there is amalgamation of two suits in one suit and they are to be decided as if there were one suit. Where two suits are disposed of by one common judgment and when there is a complete consolidation in the sense that both suits become one there is no necessity of preparation of separate decrees in the suits and only one decree should be prepared. 12- mijksDr foospu ds vk/kkj ij bl U;k;ky; dk ;g lqfopkfjr er gS fd izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk dsoy {ks=kf/kdkj ds fcUnq ij gh vihy la[;k 48@2010 dks [kkfjt dj nsuk mfpr ugha gSA tks vihy izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; ds le{k fopkjk/khu Fkh] mls lquus dk {ks=kf/kdkj jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh dks gSA vihydk fuLrkj.k xq.kkoxq.k ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkuk pkfg;s FkkA vr% gLrxr f}rh; vihy vkaf'kd :i ls Lohdkj dh tkdj izdj.k xq.kkoxq.k ij fu.kZ; gsrq jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh] ckM+esj dks izfrizsf"kr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSaA 13- ifj.kker% gLrxr f}rh; vihy dks vkaf'kd :i ls Lohdkj dj jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh ¼ckM+esj tSlyesj½ eq[;ky; tks/kiqj }kjk vihy la[;k 48@2010 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 12-5-2011 dks ,rn}kjk vikLr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj izdj.k] bl U;k;ky; }kjk O;Dr vfHker ¼ observations ½ vuqlkj xq.kkoxq.k ij uohur% fu.kZ; ikfjr djus gsrq jktLo vihy izkf/kdkjh ckM+esj dks izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA