Judgment : S.A. Khan, J.— The appellant of Cr. Appeal (SJ) No. 51 of 2000 was working as Amin at Dumraon at the time of the occurrence whereas, the appellant of Cr. Appeal (SJ) No. 54 of 2000 was working as Consolidation Officer at Dumraon. Appellant Shailesh Chandra Kumar has been found guilty under Section 161 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to undergo R.I. for one year. He has also been found guilty under Section 5(2) read with Section 5(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act and sentenced to undergo R.I. for one year. No separate sentence is passed against Shailesh Chandra Kumar under Section 120B of the Indian Penal Code. Appellant Shambhu Nath Ram has been found guilty under Section 5(2) read with Section 5(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act and sentenced to undergo R.I. for three years. He has also been found guilty under Section 120B of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to undergo R.I. for three years. It was ordered that all the sentences of both the accused shall run concurrently. 2. This case arises out of a complaint made by Krishna Dubey, P.W. 13, addressed to the Deputy Inspector General, Vigilance, Patna alleging therein that he wanted to rectify his Chak and had approached the Consolidation Officer by filing an application. It is alleged that when he went to meet the Circle Officer, he was asked to meet Anil Babu, also working as Amin at Dumraon. Anil Babu met the Circle Officer and thereafter informed the appellant that his "Saheb" had demanded a sum of Rs. 1,000/- for correcting the Chak. The informant requested Anil Babu to lower the rate as he could not afford to pay a sum of Rs. 1,000/- for this purpose. On receipt of the complaint Lakhendra Prasad, P.W. 7 was appointed as a Verifier. He has given his report which is Ext.-4 dated 5.3.1986 wherein he has stated that he alongwith the informant went to the Circle Officer's office at 10 A.M. on 3.3.1986. When they met the Consolidation Officer at about 12 O'clock, they were asked to meet appellant Shailesh Chandra Kumar as Anil Kumar was not available in the office. Shailesh Chandra Kumar similarly demanded a sum of Rs. 1,000/- from the informant. The informant began to bargain with him and finally settled on Rs. 700/- as the rate for making payment. When they met the Consolidation Officer at about 12 O'clock, they were asked to meet appellant Shailesh Chandra Kumar as Anil Kumar was not available in the office. Shailesh Chandra Kumar similarly demanded a sum of Rs. 1,000/- from the informant. The informant began to bargain with him and finally settled on Rs. 700/- as the rate for making payment. The verification report indicates that all the aforesaid demand and bargain took place in presence of the Verifier. It is further the prosecution case that the informant produced Rs. 700/- before the Deputy Superintendent of Police, Vigilance who noted down the numbers of the "notes" so produced and returned it to the informant. The informant was to present them to the Consolidation Officer. On the date of occurrence which is 10.3.1986 the raiding party consisting of P.Ws. 1, 10, 7 and 11 went to the Consolidation Office at Dumraon. After sometime at around 3 P.M. it is said that Shailesh Chandra Kumar came out of his office and stood on the road, where the informant is said to have offered him the bribe money, which he accepted and kept in his front pocket of the shirt, he was wearing. On receiving signal, raiding party is said to have surrounded the appellant Shailesh Chandra Kumar made a search and prepared the seizure list. On the basis of the aforesaid facts and allegations the trial of this case commenced. 3. Learned counsel for the appellants have raised the several issues. It is submitted that the prosecution has not been able to prove the genesis for the said demand inasmuch. as the documents or objection under 10(3) of the Consolidation Act have not been brought on record to indicate that there was any occasion for Krishna Dubey to approach the Consolidation Office for correction of the Chak. It has also been argued that the prosecution has not been able to prove that the money was allegedly recovered from Shailesh Chandra Kumar and has also pointed out that there are several contradictions and missing links in the evidence. On behalf of Shambhu Nath Ram, it was argued that none of the witnesses including the informant and the Verifier have stated that they had heard the appellant Shambhu Nath Ram demanding bribe or saying any such sentence which would indicate that he was expecting some gift etc. in return for the work to be performed. On behalf of Shambhu Nath Ram, it was argued that none of the witnesses including the informant and the Verifier have stated that they had heard the appellant Shambhu Nath Ram demanding bribe or saying any such sentence which would indicate that he was expecting some gift etc. in return for the work to be performed. Apart from which counsel for the appellants also points out that there are several contradictions in the evidence and that the prosecution has not been able to prove the ingredients of Section 120B of the Indian Penal Code. A defence has also been raised on behalf of the appellant Shambhu Nath Ram that the entire case has been set up by Mithilesh Kumar Singh, a B.J.P. leader who is a resident of Dumraon. It is said that he had entered the office of the Consolidation Officer destroyed his documents and assaulted him, regarding which the Consolidation Officer had filed a criminal case being Navanagar P.S. Case No. 90/85 under Sections 452, 353, 323, 426 and 34 of the Indian Penal Code and a proceeding under Section 107 of the Code of Criminal Procedure was also pending against the said Mithilesh Kumar Singh. In order to support the defence, the appellants have produced Exts.-A to D which are the First Information Report and the order sheets of the proceeding under Section 107 of the Code of Criminal Procedure which have been proved by D.Ws. 1 and 2. 4. During trial as many as 19 witnesses were examined. P.Ws. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 have been tendered by the prosecution. P.W. 8 has proved the sanction order of the appellant Shambhu Nath Ram. The evidence of P.W. 9 is not very important as he has not contributed at all to the prosecution case. P.W. 12 has proved the sanction order of the appellant Shailesh Chandra Kumar. P.W. 15 is a witness with respect to the records handed by the Circle Officer to the Vigilance Department with respect to the prayer of the informant to correct his Chak. P.W. 17 is Muharir who supports the seizure list. P.Ws. 18 and 19 are formal witnesses. For the purposes of .this case, P.Ws. 1, 7, 10 and 11 are the important witnesses. 5. This Court will begin with the evidence of P.W. 7, the Verifier, Lakhendra Prasad. P.W. 17 is Muharir who supports the seizure list. P.Ws. 18 and 19 are formal witnesses. For the purposes of .this case, P.Ws. 1, 7, 10 and 11 are the important witnesses. 5. This Court will begin with the evidence of P.W. 7, the Verifier, Lakhendra Prasad. In his evidence, Lakhendra Prasad has supported the case made out by him in the verification report. His cross-examination needs to be highlighted. On being questioned, this witness has stated that the informant P.W. 13 had not introduced the Verifier to Shailesh Chandra Kumar when he made the demand. Describing the manner in which the money was seized, this witness has stated that it was seized on the road and that he does not recall whether the seizure list was prepared on the road or it was prepared in the consolidation office. This witness admits that Shailesh Chandra Kumar is not concerned with maintaining or preparing the Chaks relating to Krishna Dubey, rather it would transpire that Anil Babu, the Amin who had prepared the map etc. relating to fixing of Chak of the informant. P.W. 7 has stated that he has no knowledge regarding the fact as to whether Mithilesh Kumar Singh had assaulted the Consolidation Officer for which a proceeding under Section 107 of the Code of Criminal Procedure was initiated in the year 1985 and a criminal case was filed by appellant Shambhu Nath Ram. 6. From the evidence led by P.W. 7, certain facts may be noted. Firstly, it is unbelievable that a person would demand bribe in front of a person who has no connection with the reason for demand of the bribe. Shailesh Chandra Kumar did not even question the informant regarding presence of the Verifier and is said to have made the demand of bribe in front of him. He has not tried to verify whether the genesis of the occurrence is correct before filing his report. In fact none of the officers of the Vigilance Department had asked the informant to produce his application or objection before the Consolidation Officer before they took any action on the complaint made by P.W. 13. He has not tried to verify whether the genesis of the occurrence is correct before filing his report. In fact none of the officers of the Vigilance Department had asked the informant to produce his application or objection before the Consolidation Officer before they took any action on the complaint made by P.W. 13. The most important fact is that while describing the seizure of the money and the steps taken for setting up the trap, not a single word has been stated regarding the procedure of putting phenolphthalein powder on the cash which was to be seized during the trap. This in itself is a lacuna which goes to root of the case, as it is essential that the bribe money should be covered in phenolphthalein in order to establish that the bribe was offered and received by the persons against whom there is allegation of demanding and receiving bribe. 7. P.W. 10 is the Deputy Superintendent of Police who had headed the raiding party. According to him, on the written complaint of P.W. 13, preparation was made to conduct a trap. P.W. 10 admits that Shailesh Chandra Kumar was not concerned with the affairs of the informant, P.W. 13. This witness states that they were all waiting in and around the Consolidation Office and as soon as the signal was given by the informant, the accused Shailesh Chandra Kumar was surrounded and search was made, G.C. notes was recorded and seizure list prepared. The evidence of this witness does not disclose that the hands of the appellant were dipped in water and the sample was prepared, in order to establish that the accused had received the bribe money. At paragraph 24, it is specifically stated that "G.G. notes ij phenolphthalein Powder ugha yxk;k Fkk^^ At paragraph 26 this witness states that d`”.kk nwcs ds complaint petition dks fefFkys’k dqekj flag us fy[kk Fkk tSlk mlds i<+us ls irk pyrk gSA^^ The evidence of P.W. 10, therefore discloses that the procedure of making seizure was defective inasmuch as it is essential that the phenolphthalein powder should be used so that the culprit's hands may be dipped into water to confirm that he had taken the tainted money. Apart from this fact, this witness also supports the defence to the extent that he has stated that Mithilesh Kumar Singh had prepared the complaint petition of Krishna Dubey. 8. Apart from this fact, this witness also supports the defence to the extent that he has stated that Mithilesh Kumar Singh had prepared the complaint petition of Krishna Dubey. 8. The next witness is of importance is Krishna Dubey, the informant, P.W. 13. According to him, the Chakbandi operation began in his village in the year 1985-86. He was aggrieved with the allotment of Chak and, therefore, claims that he had filed an application before the Consolidation Officer. He supports his case to some extent, when he states that he made a complaint and the Verifier went along with him to ascertain the demand of bribe. He also supports the seizure by saying that it was made on the road. However, this witness has stated at paragraph 5 that ^^eSa ,d gtkj :i;s dk ?kwl nsuk ugha pkgrk FkkA eSa iVuk x;k vkSj ogka ij eSus fefFkys’k dqekj ls ,d vkosnu fy[kk;kA esjs lkeus esjs dgus ds vuqlkj fefFkys’k dqekj us vkosnu fy[kk vkSj mUgksaus eq>s i<+dj lquk fn;k vkSj lgh ikdj eSaus ml ij lgh djk ;gh og vkosnu gSA bls Ext.-7 vafdr djsa fnukad 28-2-86 dks mDr vkosnu fy[kk x;k FkkA^^ Later this witness tries to explain the statement at paragraph-19 and 20 of his cross-examination by denying that Mithilesh Kumar had not written the complaint rather he got the complaint drafted by Rajgrih Singh in the Vigilance Office. It is rather surprising that just prior to giving the explanation aforesaid, he has stated at paragraph-20 that ^^,slh ckr ugha gS fd eSaus mDr vkosnu dks Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds iVuk fLFkr dk;kZy; esa fy[kok;k FkkA eSa i<+k fy[kk ugha gw¡A ;g vkosnu (Ext.-7) gks ldrk gs esjk gks ij eSa ugha dg ldrk fd ;g vkosnu (Ext.-7) esjk gSA pwfd eSa i<+k fy[kk ugha gw¡A eSa ugha dg ldrk fd Ext.-7 esa D;k fy[kk gqvk gSA^^ These contradictions are vital as they go to the root of the matter. This Court finds it difficult to rely on the evidence of P.W. 13 when he is contradicting himself on such vital issues such as (a) That Mithilesh Kumar had prepared the complaint petition, (b) That he doubts that Ext.-7 is the complaint made by him, (c) That he does not know the contents of Ext.-7; which he tries to justify in his later paragraph by stating that the complaint was prepared by Rajgrih Singh. Rajgrih Singh has not been examined as a witness in this case to support that he had prepared the complaint petition. Apart from this vital contradictions, this witness while describing the manner in which the seizure took place which is at paragraphs-12 and 34 of the evidence, P.W. 13 has not stated that the fingers of the accused were dipped in water to test that he had accepted the bribe money. He further goes on to say that he had visited Patna about 4-5 times in connection with the complaint made by him. According to him he gave the money to the Vigilance Officer on the 6th which was returned to him on the 6th whereas the trap was conducted on 10.3.1986. This Court may note that there are contradictions with respect to preparation of the seizure list. According to P.W. 13, the seizure list could not be prepared on the road as large crowd had gathered on the spot and, therefore, the accused were taken to Dumraon Police Station where the documents were prepared which is in contrast to the evidence of P.Ws. 10 and 11, members of the raiding party. The evidence of P.W. 13 does not inspire the confidence of this Court as he is not consistent in giving the evidence regarding vital issues as discussed above. 9. P.W. 11 is the only other witness who had accompanied the complainant at the time when the raid was conducted. He is the Deputy Superintendent of Police in the Vigilance Office. He supports the prosecution case inasmuch as he says that at around 3 P.M., Shailesh Chandra Kumar came out of his chamber and thereafter the money was handed over to him by P.W. 13 which led to seizure of the money, preparation of the seizure list and arrest of the appellant Shailesh Chandra Kumar. It may be mentioned that the facts as stated by him with regard to preparation of the seizure list contradicts the statement of P.Ws. 7, 10 and 13. According to this witness, the seizure of the money and the seizure list was prepared on the road where the seizure was made. This witness also does explain that any preparation was made by the vigilance team and that instructions were issued to the informant, regarding the manner in which he had to act once they had reached the Consolidation Office for conducting the trap. 10. This witness also does explain that any preparation was made by the vigilance team and that instructions were issued to the informant, regarding the manner in which he had to act once they had reached the Consolidation Office for conducting the trap. 10. In this case P.Ws. 14 and 16 who were the seizure list witnesses have not supported the seizure inasmuch as according to them the seizure was not made in their presence and they were called to Dumraon Police Station to sign the seizure list. 11. P.W. 1, Parmanand Singh is an important witness because he has specifically stated that while preparation was made for conducting the trap, no phenolphthalein powder was sprinkled on the money which were to be presented to the appellant Shailesh Chandra Kumar. This witness proves Ext.-2/1 which is the document with regard to consolidation of the Chaks belonging to P.W.13. However, the documents have not been exhibited which would have led this Court to the conclusion that the prosecution was successful in establishing the genesis of the occurrence. This Court while considering the evidence aforesaid, led by the prosecution finds that the alleged recovery of the bribe amount from Shailesh Chandra Kumar, becomes doubtful as the entire story of seizing the bribe money would fall to the ground, for the reason that while conducting a trap, certain checks and balances have been built into the system for the purposes of ensuring that an innocent man is not unnecessarily harassed by making false, frivolous, motivated allegations against him. This appears to be one such case where the Vigilance Department has completely failed to show that seizure of money was made from Shailesh Chandra Kumar. The recovery of bribe money is established by using phenolphthalein powder on the tainted money, so that the moment it comes into the hands of the corrupt officer, his hands are put in water which turns pink, indicating that he had received the money which had been treated with chemicals. The failure to use this procedure, demolishes the prosecution case and is sufficient ground to hold that the prosecution has failed to prove the allegations of bribery against appellant Shailesh Chandra Kumar. 12. The failure to use this procedure, demolishes the prosecution case and is sufficient ground to hold that the prosecution has failed to prove the allegations of bribery against appellant Shailesh Chandra Kumar. 12. Having held as aforesaid, this Court would also emphasize that the prosecution ought to have brought the records of the consolidation proceeding as evidence, which could indicate that Krishna Dubey had filed an application before the Consolidation Officer, raising an objection with respect to the allotment of Chaks. Failure to produce any such document is also a lacuna in the prosecution case. Besides the aforesaid two facts, this Court has pointed out several inconsistency in the evidence of P.Ws.7 and 13 which also creates doubt regarding the prosecution version and the allegations levelled against the appellants. 13. Regarding Shambhu Nath Ram who is the Consolidation Officer, it has been argued that there is no evidence whatsoever to indicate that he demanded bribe. The demand if, at all was supposedly made on his behalf by the Amin, Anil Kumar initially and at the verification stage by the accused Shailesh Chandra Kumar. It is also admitted that Shailesh Chandra Kumar was not dealing with the files. The fact that the Court has found that the case of accepting bribe has failed, the natural corollary would be that there was no demand of bribe. The demand of bribe if, at all was made on behalf of Shambhu Nath Ram fails, it cannot be said that Shambhu Nath Ram had made any such demand through Shailesh Chandra Kumar. 14. In the result, this Court sets aside the judgment of conviction dated 29.1.2000 and order of sentence dated 1.2.2000, passed by the Special Judge (Vigilance), South Bihar, Patna in Special Case No. 24/86. The appellants are acquitted of all the charges levelled against them and they are also discharged from the liabilities of their bail bonds furnished earlier in this case. 15. These appeals are allowed.