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2012 DIGILAW 174 (ORI)

MINERALS AND METALS TRADING CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD. v. OCEAN KNIGH MARITIME CO. LTD.

2012-03-29

H.L.GOKHALE, R.M.LODHA

body2012
JUDGMENT : R.M. Lodha, J. - The present appeal by special leave arises from the Order Dated 4.2.2005 passed by the Delhi High Court whereby the Single Judge of that Court allowed the petition filed by the present Respondent No. 1 u/s 5, 11 & 12 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 (for short "the 1940 Act") & appointed a former judge of that Court justice Usha Mehra (retired) as a sole arbitrator to decide the disputes between the Appellant & Respondent No. 1. Bereft of unnecessary details, suffice it to notice for the purposes of the present appeal that by Charter Party dated October 14, 1987, the Respondent No. 1 let its vessel 'MV Ocean Knight' to the Appellant for carriage of the cargo of Rock phosphate in bulk. The disputes arose between the parties in respect of demurrage charges. Clause 56 of the Charter Party which contains arbitration clause, reads as follows: Clause 56: All disputes arising under this Charter shall settled in India in accordance with the provisions of the Arbitration Act, 1940 in India, each party appointing an Arbitrator from out of the panel of Arbitrators maintained by the Indian Council of Arbitration, New Delhi & the two Arbitrators appointing an Umpire whose decision, in the event of disagreement between the Arbitrators, shall be final & binding upon both parties hereto. The Arbitrators & the Umpire shall be commercial men. 2. The Respondent No. 1 invoked the above arbitration clause & vide its letter date may 30, 1989 communicated the appointment of Shri K.P. Patel (Respondent No. 2) as its arbitrator. 3. On August 14, 1989, the Appellant appointed Captain D.K. Verma (Respondent No. 3) as its arbitrator. 4. The above arbitrations jointly appointed Shri R.S. Cooper as the Umpire. 5. On October 13, 1989, the Respondent No. 1 filed a statement of claim claiming US$ 1,12,136.28 along with interest @ 18% p.a. The Appellant traversed the claim of Respondent No. 1 & raised diverse pleas in opposition thereto. 6. The two arbitrators concluded the hearing on May 12, 1992. It appears that the draft of the award was prepared by one of the arbitrators & sent to the other but for want of consensus, the award could not be given by them. It is an admitted position that the time for giving the award by the arbitrators was up to 31.3.1993. It appears that the draft of the award was prepared by one of the arbitrators & sent to the other but for want of consensus, the award could not be given by them. It is an admitted position that the time for giving the award by the arbitrators was up to 31.3.1993. The fact, therefore, is the arbitrators became functus officio w.e.f. 1.4.1993. 7. On July 3, 1999, the Respondent No. 1 filed a petition (application) u/s 5, 11 & 12 of the 1940 Act seeking removal of Respondent No. 3-Caption D.K. Verma as co-arbitrator & for declaration that Respondent No. 2 K.P. Patel was the sole arbitrator for deciding the disputes between the Appellant & Respondent No. 1 & in the alternative revoking the authority of Respondent No. 3 as co-arbitrator & for appointment of a new arbitrator in his place. 8. The Appellant contest the above petition filed by the Respondent No. 1 by filing & affidavit in reply. Inter alia an objection was raised by the Appellant that the petition was beyond presented period of limitation & was liable to be dismissed on that ground alone. 9. On November 26, 2001, the petition filed by the Respondent No. 1 was dismissed in default but later on, it was restored. 10. By the impugned order, the Single Judge revoked the authority of both the arbitrators & appointed a former judge of the Court justice Usha Mehra retired as the sole arbitrator. 11. Despite service of notice, the Respondent No. 1 has not chosen to appear. 12. We have heard Mr. Jay Saval, Learned Counsel for the Appellant. 13. The sole question that requires consideration by us is whether the application u/s 5, 11 & 12 of he 1940 Act filed on July 3, 1999 by the Respondent No. 1 was within limitation. 14. Section 37 of the 1940 Act makes the provisions of Limitation Act, 1963 (for short "the Limitation Act") applicable to the arbitrations. It reads as follows: 37. Limitations. (1) All the provisions of the Indian Limitation Act, 1980, (9 of 1908) shall apply to arbitrations as they apply to proceeding in Court. 14. Section 37 of the 1940 Act makes the provisions of Limitation Act, 1963 (for short "the Limitation Act") applicable to the arbitrations. It reads as follows: 37. Limitations. (1) All the provisions of the Indian Limitation Act, 1980, (9 of 1908) shall apply to arbitrations as they apply to proceeding in Court. (2) Notwithstanding any term in an arbitration agreement to the effect that no caused of action shall accrue in respect of any matter required by the agreement to be referred until an award is made under the agreement, a cause of action shall, for the purpose of limitation, be deemed to have accrued in respect of any such matter at the time when it would have accrued but for that term in the agreement. (3) For the purpose of this Section & of the Indian Limitation Act, 1908, (9 of 1908) an arbitration shall be deemed to be commenced when one party to he arbitration agreement serves on the other parties thereto a notice requiting the appointment of ab arbitrator, or where the arbitration agreement provides that the reference shall be to a person named or designated in the agreement, requiring that the difference be submitted to the person so named or designated. (4) Where the terms of a agreement to refer future difference to arbitration provide that any claims to which the agreement applies shall be barred unless notice to appoint an arbitrator is given or an arbitrator is appointed or some other step to commence arbitration proceedings is taken within a time fixed by the agreement, & a difference arises to which the agreement applies, the Court, if it is of opinion that in the circumstances of the case undue hardship would otherwise be caused, & notwithstanding that the time so fixed has expired, may on such terms, if any, as the justice of the case may required, extend the time for such period as it thinks proper. (5) Where the Court order that an award be set aside or orders, after the commencement of an arbitration, that the arbitration agreement shall cease to have effect with respect to the difference referred, the period between the commencement of the arbitration & the date of the order of the Court shall be excluded in computing the time prescribed by the Indian Limitation Act, 1908, for the commencement of the proceedings (including arbitration) with respect to the difference referred. 15. The Limitation Act does not expressly provide for limitation for an application u/s 5, 11 & 12 of the 1940 Act, In this view of the matter, Part II. Third Division of the Schedule gets attracted. This part has title "Others namely; Article 137 which reads as follows: PART II OTHER APPLICATIONS 137 : Any other application for which no period of limitation is provided elsewhere in this division : Three year : When the right to apply accrues 16. The above Article is a residuary provision in respect of the application. It prescribes the period of three years for an application for which no period of limitation is provided elsewhere in the Limitation Act, The Period of three years commences when the right to apply accrues. We have, therefore, to see as to when did the Respondent No. 1 become entitled to apply for the relief claimed in the application u/s 5, 11 & 12 of the 1940 Act. It is from such date that limitation under Article 137 would begin to run. 17. The High Court in the impugned order has noted that the arbitration proceedings could not reach the desired destination & the two arbitrators became functus officio due to the reason the that the time granted for publishing the award had expired. The High Court, further note that there had been a dead-lock since 1992 when last hearing was held. 18. As noted above, the parties extended the time for passing the award by the arbitrators till 31.3.1993. No extension of time was sought after 31.3.1993. As a matter of fact, Respondent No. 3 (one of the arbitrators), in his affidavit in reply to the Petition u/s 5, 11 & 12 of the 1940 Act before the High Court, Categorically stated that the arbitrators became functus officio on 31.3.1993. 19. No extension of time was sought after 31.3.1993. As a matter of fact, Respondent No. 3 (one of the arbitrators), in his affidavit in reply to the Petition u/s 5, 11 & 12 of the 1940 Act before the High Court, Categorically stated that the arbitrators became functus officio on 31.3.1993. 19. Section 5 of the 1940 Act Postulates the authority of an appointed arbitrator or umpire shall not be revoked without the leave of the Court unless arbitration agreement indicates contrary intention. Section 11 empowers the Court to remove arbitrator or umpire in the circumstances incorporated therein. Section 12 confers consequential power on the Court where it grants leave & revokes the authority of the appointed arbitrator on umpire u/s 5 or removes the arbitrator/umpire in exercise of its Power u/s 11. 20. Insofar as the present case is concerned, in the backdrop of the factual position noted above, the right to apply for removal of Respondent No. 3 as (sic) arbitrator or for revocation of his authority accrued on expiry of March 31, 1993 when the two arbitrators became functus officio. It was thus, on 1.4.1993 that the Respondent No. 1 became entitled to apply for the reliefs claimed in the application u/s 5, 11 & 12 of the 1940 Act. Such application could have been made by Respondent No. 1 within three years from 1.4.1993 & not thereafter. The limitation for making application under Sections 5, 11 & 12 of the 1940 Act, thus, expired on 31.3.1996. The Respondent No. 1 made the application under above provisions on 3.7.1999. The application u/s 5, 11 & 12 of the 1940 Act filed by the Respondent No. 1 was clearly time barred & deserved to be dismissed as such. In our opinion, the High Court was in error in allowing that application which was filed after the prescribed period of limitation. Civil Appeal is, accordingly, allowed. The impugned Order Dated February 4, 2005 passed by the High Court is set aside. The Arbitration Petition (O.M.P. No. 193 of 1999) filed by the Respondent No. 1 is dismissed as time barred. As the Respondent No. 1 has not chosen to appear, parties shall bear their own costs. Final Result : Allowed