eh.kk] lnL;-&;g lHkh fuxjkfu;ka vfrfjDr laHkkxh; vk;qDr] chdkusj }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ¼fuxjkuh la[;k 4700@09] 4756@2009] 4638@2009] 4613@2009 vkSj 4597@2009 esa fu.kZ; fnukad 23-3-2009 vkSj fuxjkuh la[;k 4677@2009 esa fu.kZ; fnukad 30-3-09½ ls O;fFkr gksdj jktLFkku Hkw jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1956 ¼la{ksi esa ^vf/kfu;e] 1956*½ dh /kkjk 84 lifBr /kkjk 9 ds vUrxZr izLrqr dh xbZ gSA lHkh fuxjkfu;ksa esa fookn dk fcUnq o fuxjkuh v/khu vkns'k leku gksus ls leLr fuxjkfu;ksa dk fuaLrkj.k bl ,d gh vkns'k ls fd;k tk jgk gSA fu.kZ; dh izfr;ka lHkh N% i=kofy;ksa ij j[kh tkosA 2- izdj.k ds lqlaxr rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gSa fd ftyk chdkusj ds lhekorhZ {ks= ds dqN xkaoksa esa oknxzLr Hkwfe dk cspku LFkkuh; [kkrsnkjksa }kjk orZeku fuxjkuhdrkZvksa@izkFkhZx.k dks tfj;s iathd`r foØ; i= ds fd;k x;k vkSj iathd`r foØ; i= ds vk/kkj ij izkFkhZx.k ds i{k esa lacaf/kr xzke iapk;r@rglhynkj us ukekUrjdj.k Lohd`r fd;sA ukekUrjdj.k Lohd`r djus ds yEcs le; i'pkr~ lacaf/kr iVokjh gYdk dh fjiksVZ ds vk/kkj ij mDr ukekUrjdj.kksa ¼ukekUrjdj.k la[;k 197 o 251 xzke tkyokyh] ukekUrjdj.k la[;k 66] 67 o 90 xzke uwj eksgEen dh <k.kh] rFkk ukekUrjdj.k la[;k 192 xzke yk[kwlj½ ds fo:) rglhynkj] chdkusj us ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds le{k bl vk'k; dh izLrqr dh fd ;g lHkh ukekUrjdj.k jktLFkku Hkw jktLo ¼yS.M fjdkMZl½ fu;e] 1957 ¼la{ksi esa ^fu;e] 1957*½ ds fu;e 133-137 ds mYya?ku esa rLnhd gq, gSaA vihy Kkiu esa ;g vafdr fd;k x;k fd fu;e 1957 ds fu;e 133 ds rgr Øsrk }kjk Ø; dh x;h Hkwfe dk dCtk HkkSfrd :i ls izkIr djuk vko';d gS vkSj mDr 1957 ds fu;eksa ds fu;e 137 esa izko/kku gS fd fdlh Hkh fof/k dk mYya?ku gksus ij ukekUrjdj.k ugha [kksyk tkuk pkfg;sA nkf.Md la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼la{ksi esa ^vf/kfu;e] 1961*½ ds vUrxZr Hkkjr jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk tkjh vf/klwpuk fnukad 12-3-1996 ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh O;fDr tks LFkkuh; ugha gS] og lEcfU/kr eftLVªsV ls vuqefr fy, fcuk mDr vf/klwfpr {ks= esa izos'k ugha dj ldrk gSA pwafd oknxzLr Hkwfe vf/klwfpr {ks= esa fLFkr gS vkSj Øsrkx.k jktLFkku ds ckgj ds fuoklh gksus ds dkj.k mDr {ks= esa izos'k ls iwoZ muds fy, l{ke eftLVªsV ls vuqefr ysuk vko';d Fkk vkSj pwafd Øsrkx.k }kjk ,slh dksbZ vuqefr ugha yh x;h Fkh] ftldk vFkZ gS fd Ø; dh x;h Hkwfe dk dCtk Øsrkx.k }kjk izkIr gh ugha fd;k x;k gS vkSj bl izdkj mDr ukekUrjdj.k 1957 ds fu;eksa ds fu;e 133 dh ikyuk fd;s fcuk [kksys o Lohd`r fd;s x;s gSaA rglhynkj] chdkusj }kjk ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj dks izLrqr vihy Kkiu vuqlkj mDr ukekUrjdj.k nkf.Md fof/k la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1961 dk mYya?ku gksus rFkk 1957 ds fu;eksa ds fu;e 133 o 137 ds foijhr gksus ls fujLruh; gSA ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds nksuksa i{kksa dks lqu vius fu.kZ; fnukad 14-7-2008 }kjk mDr vihyksa dks Lohd`r djrs gq, iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.kksa dks fujLr djus dk vkns'k ikfjr dj fn;kA U;k;ky; ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds vkns'k fnukad 14-7-08 ds fo:) orZeku izkFkhZx.k }kjk f}rh; vihy U;k;ky; vfrfjDr laHkkxh; vk;qDr] chdkusj ds le{k izLrqr dh x;hA U;k;ky; vfrfjDr laHkkxh; vk;qDr] chdkusj us mHk; i{k dh cgl lqudj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds fu.kZ; dks mfpr ekurs gq, izkFkhZx.k dh vihysa vius vkyksP; vkns'kksa fnukad 23-3-2009 o fnukad 30-3-2009 }kjk vLohdkj dj nh] ftlds fo:) gLrxr fuxjkfu;ka jktLo e.My ds le{k izLrqr dh x;h gSA 3- fo}ku vfHkHkk"kdx.k mHk; i{k dh cgl lquh xbZA 4- fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd}; fuxjkuhdrkZ us fuxjkuh izkFkZuk i= esa of.kZr rF;ksa dks nksgjkrs gq, cgl esa fuosnu fd;k fd& ¼1½ fuxjkuhdrkZx.k us tks d`f"k Hkwfe;ka Ø; dh gS] og cspkudrkZvksa dh Lo;a dh [kkrsnkjh Hkwfe;ka gSA jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 dh /kkjk 41 dh 'kfDr;ksa ds rgr [kkrsnkj dks viuh Hkwfe cspus dk vf/kdkj izkIr gSA bu vf/kdkjksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, cspkudrkZvksa us lifr gLrkUrj.k vf/kfu;e] 1882 dh /kkjk 54 o iath;u vf/kfu;e] 1908 dh /kkjk 47 ds izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk djrs gq, Hkwfe dk cspku fuxjkuhdrkZvksa dks fd;k gSA Hkwfe Ø;-foØ; dk fo"k; Øsrk-foØsrk ds chp dk gSA bl izdj.k esa rglhynkj] chdkusj dks ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds le{k vihy izLrqr djus dk dksbZ okn dkj.k ugha FkkA ;g Li"V ugha gS fd iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.kksa ls rglhynkj izHkkfor i{kdkj fdl izdkj gS\ rglhynkj dks vihy is'k djus dk dksbZ vf/kdkj izkIr ugha FkkA ¼2½ ;g fd izkFkhZx.k us Hkwfe iathd`r foØ; i= ls Ø; dh gSA iathd`r foØ; i= dks tc rd l{ke U;k;ky; ls fujLr ugha djk fy;k tkrk gS rc rd mDr iathd`r foØ; i= ij vk/kkfjr ukekUrjdj.kksa dks fujLr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd ukekUrjdj.k ek= fQLdy dk;Zokgh ¼ fiscal proceedings ½ gSA ukekUrjdj.k ls fdlh dks Hkh okn xzLr Hkwfe ds vf/kdkj ugha feyrs gSa vfirq [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj iathd`r foØ; i= ls vftZr gksrs gSaA vxj ukekUrjdj.k fujLr dj fn;k tkos vkSj iathd`r foØ; i= ;Fkkor jgrk gS rks blls jktLo vfHkys[kksa esa folaxfr;ka iSnk gks tkosxh D;ksafd iathd`r foØ; i= ls vftZr [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj rks Øsrkx.k ds ikl jgsaxs fdUrq ukekUrjdj.k fujLr dj fn;s tkus ls jktLo vfHkys[k esa mudk uke ugha p<+sxkA U;kf;d n`"VkUr 2006-2007 RRT (supp) 261 ls leFkZu ysrs gq, fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ gS fd ukekUrjdj.k fujLr dj fn;s x;s tkus ds ckotwn izkFkhZx.k dks iathd`r foØ; i= ls izkIr gq, [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj lekIr ugha fd;s tk ldrsA tc rd iathd`r foØ; i= muds i{k esa vfLrRo esa gS] rc rd muds [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj ;Fkkor dk;e jgsaxsA ¼3½ ;g fd iathd`r foØ; i=ksa ds vk/kkj ij iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.k Lohd`r gksus ds 2 lky ckn rglhynkj }kjk ftyk dysDVj ds lkeus vihysa izLrqr dh gSaA ukekUrjdj.k ds fo:) /kkjk 75 vf/kfu;e] 1956 ds vUrxZr izFke vihy izLrqr djus ds fy, 30 fnu dh vof/k fu/kkZfjr gSA bl izdkj izFke vihy fe;kn ckgj izLrqr dh x;h Fkh vkSj foyEc dks {kek djus gsrq dksbZ izkFkZuk i= Hkh izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k Fkk] vr% jktLo U;k;ky; eSuwvy Hkkx 2 fu;e 30 Mh rFkk fu;e 33 ds mifu;e ¼11½ ds vkKkid izko/kkuksa ds dkj.k dkykrhr izFke vihysa dsoy blh vk/kkj ij [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; Fkh fdUrq ftyk dysDVj us vihy Kkiu ds vfHkopuksa ¼ pleadings ½ ls ijs tk dj vihyksa dks fe;kn esa 'kkfey dj fy;k tcfd vihykFkhZ@rglhynkj }kjk ,slk dksbZ izkFkZuk i= gh izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k FkkA U;kf;d n`"VkUr 1990 RRD 337 ls leFkZu ysrs gq, fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ gS fd ftyk dysDVj dk vkns'k fnukad 14-7-2008 fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gSA f}rh; vihy esa ;g fcUnq izkFkhZx.k }kjk U;k;ky; vfrfjDr lEHkkxh; vk;qDr izLrqr vihy Kkiu esa o nkSjkus cgl Hkh mBk;k x;k Fkk fdUrq vfrfjDr lEHkkxh; vk;qDr }kjk bl fcUnq ij dksbZ fu"d"kkZdu fd;s fcuk gh izkFkhZx.k dh vihyksa dks vLohdkj dj fn;k tks fd fof/k lEcU/kh o {ks=kf/kdkj dk lgh izdkj ls mi;ksx ugha djus lEcU/kh xaHkhj =qfV gSA ¼4½ ;g fd nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa }kjk ;g ekuk gS fd izkFkhZx.k }kjk vf/klwfpr@izfrcfU/kr {ks= esa tkdj Hkwfe Ø; dh x;h gS vkSj ,slk Ø; nkf.Md fof/k la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1961 ds izko/kkuksa ds foijhr eku dj ukekUrjdj.k fujLr fd;s gSaA 1961 ds mDr vf/kfu;e vFkok mlds v/khu tkjh dh x;h vf/klwpuk fnukad 12-3-1996 esa mDr vf/klwfpr {ks= esa d`f"k Hkwfe Ø; djus ij dksbZ izfrcU/k ugha gS avkSj Hkkjr dk ukxfjd ns'k ds fdlh Hkh {ks= esa Hkwfe Ø; dj ldrk gSA ¼5½ ;g fd nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa dk ;g fu"d"kZ fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gS fd iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.k 1957 ds fu;eksa ds fu;e 133 dh ikyuk fd;s fcuk] vFkkZr~ Øsrkx.k }kjk Hkwfe dk dCtk izkIr fd;s fcuk] Lohd`r fd;s x;s gSA dCtk izkIr ugha djus dk rdZ ;g fn;k fd ftu xkaoksa dh Hkwfe [kjhnh xbZ gS] os lkjs xkao lhekorhZ {ks= ds xkao gS] ftuesa LFkkuh; fuoklh] jkT;dehZ ;k ifjokj ds vykok fcuk l{ke vf/kdkjh dh Lohd`fr ds dksbZ vU; O;fDr bl {ks= esa izos'k ugha dj ldrkA ;g izfrcaf/kr {ks= gS ,oa vf/kfu;e] 1961 ds izko/kkuksa ds rgr tkjh Hkkjr jktLFkku ljdkj dh vf/klwpuk fnukad 12-3-1996 ds }kjk ;g {ks= izfrcaf/kr vf/klwfpr fd;k gqvk gSA fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ gS fd izkFkhZx.k }kjk iathd`r foØ; i=ksa ls oknxzLr Hkwfe;ka Ø; dh x;h gS vkSj mDr nLrkostksa esa ;g Li"V vafdr gS fd Øsrkx.k us Ø; dh x;h Hkwfe dk dCtk izkIr dj fy;k gSA fu;e 133 esa ;g izko/kku gS fd vxj Hkwfe dk gLrkUrj.k iathd`r foØ; i= ls fd;k x;k gS vkSj ,sls iathd`r foØ; i= esa nksuksa i{k ;g Lohdkj djrs gS fd dCtk gLrkUrfjr dj fn;k x;k gS rks fQj fu;e 133 dh tkap djuk vko';d ugha gSA ¼6½ ;g fd rglhynkj us vihy is'k djus ds fy, /kkjk 96 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr tks vuqefr ysuh pkfg;s Fkh] og Hkh izkIr ugha dh] u gh bl ckcr dksbZ izkFkZuk i= gh is'k fd;kA ftyk dysDVj ds le{k vihysa fcuk vuqefr izkIr fd;s rhljs i{kdkj }kjk izLrqr dh xbZ Fkh] tks dsoy blh vk/kkj ij fujLruh; FkhA izkFkhZx.k }kjk bl fcUnq ij fd;s x;s fuosnu dh vuns[kh djrs gq, ftyk dysDVj o vfrfjDr laHkkxh; vk;qDr] chdkusj us fu.kZ; ikfjr dj fn;kA /kkjk 96 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ckcr vkifRr ij bu nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us dksbZ O;oLFkk Hkh ugha nhA vius bl rdZ ds leFkZu esa fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd}; us U;kf;d n`"VkUr 1993 RRD 44 ,oa 1993 RRD 232 izLrqr fd;s gSA 5- mijksDr rdksZ ,oa fuxjkuh izkFkZuki=ksa dk iqjtksj fojks/k djrs gq, fo}ku mi jktdh; vfHkHkk"kd us viuh cgl esa vfHkdFku fd;k fd& ¼1½ ;g fd fuxjkuhdrkZ i{k ds bl rdZ esa dksbZ lkj ugha gS fd rglhynkj fgrc) i{kdkj ugha gSA lhekorhZ {ks= ds bl laosnu'khy izdj.k esa] tc ekeyk jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ls tqM+k gks] mlesa rglhynkj fgrc) i{kdkj gSA ¼2½ ukekUrjdj.k nkf.Md fof/k la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1961 o jktLFkku Hkw jktLo ¼Hkw vfHkys[k½ fu;e] 1957 ds izko/kkuksa ds foijhr [kksys x;s gSa] ftl ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us lgh fo'ys"k.k dj lgh fu.kZ; fy;k gSA ¼3½ fo}ku mi-jktdh; vfHkHkk"kd dk ;g Hkh rdZ gS fd iz'uxr lHkh ukekUrjdj.k fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gksus ls izkjEHk ls gh 'kwU; gS] vkSj ,sls ukekUrjdj.k ds fo:) vihy gsrq dksbZ le; lhek ugha gSA vr% fe;kn ds lEcU/k esa izkFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd }kjk izLrqr rdZ lkjghu gSA ftyk dysDVj us fe;kn ds fcUnq ij foLr`r fu"d"kZ vafdr djrs gq, fu.kZ; fnukad 14-7-2008 ikfjr fd;k gSA fe;kn ckcr dysDVj ds bl vkns'k ds fo:) dksbZ pkjktksbZ izkFkhZx.k }kjk ugha dh xbZA vr% fe;kn ds fcUnq ij vkns'k fnukad 14-7-2008 vc vafre gks x;k gSA fuxjkuh esa vc ;g fcUnq ugha mBk;k tk ldrk o u gh vuqer fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA ¼4½ vUr esa fo}ku mi-jktdh; vfHkHkk"kd dk rdZ gS fd nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds leorhZ fu"d"kZ gS vkSj mDr fu"d"kksZ o vkyksP; vkns'kksa esa ,slh dksbZ fof/kd vFkok {ks=kf/kdkj lEcU/kh =qfV ugha gS fd fuxjkuh ds ek/;e ls muesa gLr{ksi fd;k tk ldsA 6- fuxjkuh izkFkZuk i=ksa esa of.kZr rF;ksa o v/khuLFk nksuksa U;k;ky;ksa dh i=kofy;ksa esa layXu nLrkostkr o vkyksP; fu.kZ; fnukad 14-7-2008 o fnukad 23@30-3-2009 dk vk|ksikUr voyksdu o v/;;u djus vkSj fo}ku vfHkHkk"kdx.k mHk;i{k }kjk izLrqr rdksZ ij euu djus ds ckn gekjs er vuqlkj gLrxr izdj.k esa fuxjkuh Lrj ij fofuf'p;u gsrq egRoiw.kZ fof/kd fcUnq ¼ important legal issues for determination ½ fuEu izdkj gS& ¼1½ D;k rglhynkj] chdkusj ihfM+r i{kdkj ugha gS vkSj /kkjk 96 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr Lohd`fr izkIr fd;s fcuk izLrqr vihysa fopkj.kh; ugha Fkha\ ¼2½ D;k rglhynkj] chdkusj }kjk ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds le{k izLrqr vihysa dkykrhr Fkha] ftudks /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] ds izkFkZuk i= e; 'kiFk i= ds vHkko esa Hkh vUnj ifjlhek eku dj ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ,oa vfrfjDr lEHkkxh; vk;qDr chdkusj }kjk xaHkhj fof/kd =qfV dkfjr dh x;h gS\ ¼3½ D;k orZeku fuxjkuh ds Lrj ij fe;kn ds iz'u dks ugha mBk;k tk ldrk gS\ ¼4½ D;k iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.k 1957 ds Hkw vfHkys[k fu;eksa ds fu;e 133 ds foijhr Lohd`r fd;s x;s gksus ls fujLruh; Fks\ ¼5½ D;k iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.k fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gksus ls izkjEHk ls 'kwU; ¼ ab initio void ½ gSa\ 7- izFke fcUnq& D;k rglhynkj] chdkusj ihfM+r i{kdkj ugha gS vkSj /kkjk 96 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr Lohd`fr izkIr fd;s fcuk izLrqr vihysa fopkj.kh; ugha Fkha\ bl lEcU/k esa mYys[kuh; gS fd ftl Hkwfe dk iathd`r foØ; i= ds vk/kkj ij cspku gqvk gS o ukekUrjdj.k Lohd`r fd;s x;s gSa] muesa nksuksa gh i{kdkj futh O;fDr gSA rglhynkj ;k jkT; jktLFkku ljdkj i{kdkj ugha gS] ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds U;k;ky; esa ukekUrjdj.k ds fo:) izFke vihy rglhynkj] chdkusj }kjk izLrqr dh] tks rhljk i{kdkj FkkA tks O;fDr vihyk/khu vkns'k esa i{kdkj ugha gS] og vxj vius vkidks izHkkfor i{kdkj eku dj vihy djuk pkgrk gS rks mls U;k;ky; ls iwoZ Lohd`fr izkIr djuk vko';d gSA bl lEcU/k esa fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd izkFkhZx.k }kjk izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUr 1993 RRD 44 dk lkjka'k fuEu izdkj gSA "SECTION 96- The fact that a party is an aggrieved person does not by itself entitle him to file an appeal if he was not a party to the dispute in the lower Court - He must obtain the permission of the Court for filing the appeal before actually doing so- An appeal filed without obtaining permission from the Court of appeal is incompetent and cannot be maintained." blh izdkj & 1993 RRD 232 (DB) dk lkjka'k fuEu izdkj gS& "Code of Civil Procedure- Section 96 - A person who is not a party to an order or decree cannot prefer an appeal against such order or decree without the leave of the court - An appeal filed without leave of this is incompetent." rglhynkj] chdkusj us ftyk dysDVj ds le{k vihysa izLrqr djus ds fy, /kkjk 96 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr dksbZ l{ke Lohd`fr izkIr ugha dh gSA l{ke U;k;ky; dh Lohd`fr izkIr fd;s fcuk o vlEc) i{kdkj }kjk nk;j izFke vihy pyus yk;d ugha FkhA vr% bl n`f"V ls nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds fu.kZ; nks"kiw.kZ gSA 8- f}rh; fcUnq& D;k rglhynkj chdkusj }kjk ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds le{k izLrqr vihysa dkykrhr Fkh] ftudks /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e ds izkFkZuk i= e; 'kiFk i= ds vHkko esa Hkh vUnj ifjlhek ekudj ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ,oa vfrfjDr lEHkkxh; vk;qDr chdkusj }kjk xaHkhj fof/kd =qfV dkfjr dh x;h gS\ v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa dh i=kofy;ksa ds voyksdu ls ;g rF; tkfgj gS fd iathd`r foØ; i=ksa ds vk/kkj ij iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.k lEcfU/kr xzke iapk;r@rglhynkj }kjk Lohd`r fd;s x;s gSaA mDr ukekUrjdj.k jktLo foHkkx ds dkfeZdksa }kjk gh Hkj dj xzke iapk;r ds le{k izLrqr fd;s x;s gSa vkSj ukekUrjdj.k la[;k 192 o 197 rks rglhynkj }kjk gh Lohd`r fd;s x;s gSaA vr% ;g ekuus dk rks i;kZIr vk/kkj i=koyh ij miyC/k gS fd iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.kksa dh tkudkjh izkjEHk ls gh rglhynkj@jktLo foHkkx dks FkhA ;g Hkh lqLi"V fof/kd fLFkfr gS fd vf/kfu;e] 1956 dh /kkjk 75 lifBr /kkjk 78 vuqlkj izFke vihy izLrqr djus dh le; lhek 30 fnu gS vkSj ;g Hkh Li"V rF;kRed fLFkfr gS fd gLrxr izdj.k esa rglhynkj] chdkusj }kjk ftyk dysDVj ds le{k vihysa yxHkx 2 lky ds foyEc ls izLrqr dh x;h gSaA ;g Hkh rF; gS fd rglhynkj }kjk foyEc ls izLrqr dh x;h vihyksa ds lkFk foyEc ds dkj.k Li"V djrs gq, foyEc dks {kek ¼condone½ djus ds fy, /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dk izkFkZuk i= Hkh izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gSA foyfEcr vihyksa ckcr flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds vkns'k 41 fu;e 3-, dk mifu;e ¼1½ fuEu izdkj gS& "3-A. Application for condonation of delay.-(1) When an appeal is presented after the expiry of the period of limitation specified therefor, it shall be accompanied by an application supported by affidavit setting forth the facts on which the appellant relies to satisfy the Court that he had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within such period." blh izdkj jktLo U;k;ky; eSuwvy Hkkx 1 dk fu;e 17 fuEu izdkj gS& Rajasthan Revenue Court Manual Part I "17. Documents to accompany memorandum of appeal or revision application.- Every memorandum of appeal or application for revision shall be accompanied by- (a) a copy of the decree or order against which the appeal or application is directed; (b) a copy of the judgment upon which such decree or order is founded; (c) a copy of the judgment of the Court of the first instance when the appeal or application is directed against an appellate order or decree; (d) in the case of memorandum of appeal which is filed after expiry of the period of limitation, an application supported by an affidavit for extension of the period under Section 5 of the Indian Limitation Act: Provided that the Court may for sufficient cause shown dispense with a copy of the formal order under clause 1/4 a1/2 or a copy of the judgment under clause (b) or (c)." bl izdkj mijksDr fu;e 17 ds micU/k ¼?k½ ds vuqlkj foyfEcr vihyksa ds lkFk foyEc ds dkj.kksa dk lUrks"ktud Li"Vhdj.k vafdr djrs gq, ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 dk izkFkZuk i= e; 'kiFk i= izLrqr djuk vko';d gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd micU/k ¼d½] ¼[k½ o ¼x½ ds vUrxZr izLrqr fd;s tkus okys nLrkostkr ds lEcU/k esa rks U;k;ky; dks] i;kZIr dkj.k vafdr djrs gq,] NwV nsus dk vf/kdkj gS fdUrq micU/k ¼?k½ ds vUrxZr izLrqr fd;s tkus okys izkFkZuk i= e; 'kiFk i= ckcr U;k;ky; Hkh NwV ugha ns ldrk gSA bl izdkj ;g vkKkid izko/kku gS fd foyfEcr vihy ds lkFk /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dk izkFkZuk i= e; 'kiFk i= izLrqr fd;k tkosxk] ftlds vHkko esa foyfEcr vihy fopkj.kh; gh ugha gSA blh izdkj ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 3¼1½ esa fuEu izko/kku gS fd& "3. Bar of Limitation: (1) Subject to the provisions contained in Section 4 to 24 (inclusive), every suit instituted, appeal preferred, and application made after the prescribed period shall be dismissed although limitation has not been set up as a defence." vFkkZr~ foi{kh }kjk vkifRr ugha Hkh dh tkos rks Hkh fu/kkZfjr dkykof/k ds ckn izLrqr okn vFkok vihy vFkok izkFkZuk i= [kkfjt gh fd;k tkosxkA ;g Hkh vkKkid izko/kku gSA ftyk dysDVj ds le{k izLrqr rglhynkj dh vihy fuf'pr :i ls dkykrhr Fkh vkSj rglhynkj }kjk /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dk izkFkZuk i= e; 'kiFk i= Hkh izLrqr ugha fd;k FkkA vr% ftyk dysDVj ds fy, ;g vkKkid Fkk fd og mDr vihyksa dks jktLFkku jktLo U;k;ky; eSuwvy Hkkx 1 fu;e 17 micU/k ¼?k½ lifBr ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 3 o flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dh /kkjk 3-, ds vkKkid ¼ mandatory ½ izko/kkuksa dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, vihyksa dks [kkfjt djrk] fdUrq ftyk dysDVj }kjk fof/kd izko/kkuksa dk mYya?ku djrs gq, foyfEcr vihyksa esa fcuk fdlh vk/kkj o vuqjks/k ds foyEc dks {kek ¼ condone ½ djrs gq, vihyksa dks le;kof/k esa 'kqekj fd;k gSA ftyk dysDVj dk mDr vkns'k vkKkid fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gksus ls =qfViw.kZ gSA izkFkhZx.k }kjk vfrfjDr laHkkxh; vk;qDr ds le{k izLrqr f}rh; vihy esa Hkh fe;kn dk fcUnq vius vihy Kkiu ds iSjk 4 esa mBk;k x;k Fkk] fdUrq vkyksP; vkns'k fnukad 23@30-3-2009 ikfjr djrs le; bl vkifRr ij dksbZ ppkZ ,oa fu"d"kkZdu gh ugha fd;kA bl dkj.k vfrfjDr lEHkkxh; vk;qDr] chdkusj }kjk ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 23@30-3-2009 Hkh fof/kd n`f"V ls =qfViw.kZ gSA 9- izlaxo'k ge mPp Lrjh; U;k;ky;ksa@jktLo e.My }kjk fe;kn ds fcUnq ij izfrikfnr fl)kUrksa ds dqN m)gj.kksa ij ppkZ djuk mfpr le>rs gSa& ¼1½ e.My dh ,dy ihB }kjk psykjke cuke ekud ¼ 1998 RRD 349 ½ esa ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk nh O;oLFkk dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k fd& "...that appeal cannot be admitted or heard on merits without condoning the delay. The provisions of Rule 3A of Order 41 CPC provides that at the time of presentation of an appeal, the appellant is required to file an application, if the appeal is presented after expiry of the period of limitation and such application shall be supported by the affidavit that he has sufficient cause for not filing the appeal within the period of limitation. It is incumbent upon the Court to decide the application before it proceeds to decide the appeal on merits." ¼2½ jktLFkku jkT; cuke lq[knsoflag ds izdj.k& 1997 RRD 350 esa jkT; ljdkj dh vihy 63 fnu ds foyEc ls izLrqr dh x;h FkhA jkT; ljdkj dk rdZ Fkk fd vihy izLrqr djus gsrq Lohd`fr izkIr djus esa o Lohd`fr ckn nLrkostkr vkfn dk ijh{k.k dj vihy izLrqr djus esa foyEc gqvk gSA ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; dk er Fkk fd& "There is nothing on record as to when the certified copies obtained were sent to the Department and as to why the sanction could not be accorded within reasonable time. There is also nothing on record to indicate as to when the sanction granted and when the papers were not immediately processed after sanction was granted." mijksDr er vuqlkj ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k fd& "It is a settled law that if an appeal is not presented within the period of limitation, it creates a right in favour of respondent and, therefore, when that right is subjected to be negated, it should be based on reasonable grounds. A party seeking condonation of delay in filing beyond the period of limitation must satisfy the Court that there was sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within the period of limitation. In that regard, much differentiation would not be made between the Government or a private party." ¼3½ ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; ds lkeus fopkjk/khu izdj.k tehyk ckuksa cuke jktLFkku jksM+ VªkUliksVZ dkWjiksjs'ku ds izdj.k 2009 (1) DNJ (Raj.) 215 esa vihy izLrqr djus esa 30 fnu dk foyEc gqvk Fkk vkSj dkj.k ;g crk;k x;k Fkk fd jktdh; vf/koDrk ls fe;kn dh x.kuk esa =qfV gksus ls vihy izLrqr djus esa foyEc gqvk gSA ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk bl rdZ dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k x;k vkSj vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k fd& "One can understand if there is a delay of one, two or three days in counting the days properly but this ground is not available where there is a delay of 30 days in filing the appeal. In these circumstances, I am of the view that the appellant has not made out any sufficient cause for condonation of delay in filing the appeal and, therefore, the application under Section 5 of the Limitation Act is liable to be dismissed." ¼4½ ih-ds- jkepUnzu cuke dsjy jkT; ,oa vU; ds izdj.k AIR 1998 SC 2276 esa jkT; }kjk mPp U;k;ky; esa 565 fnu ds foyEc ls vihy izLrqr dh x;h FkhA mPp U;k;ky; }kjk /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dk izkFkZuk i= Lohd`r djds vihy dks vUnj fe;kn ekuk x;kA /kkjk 5 ds izkFkZuk i= esa foyEc dk dkj.k ;g crk;k x;k Fkk fd rRle; ,doksdsV tujy dk dk;kZy; orZeku izdj.k ds gh le:i egRoiw.kZ cgqr lkjs izdj.kksa ds ijh{k.k o fuLrkj.k esa O;Lr FkkA ¼at that time the Advocate General's office was fed up with so many arbitration matters equally important to this case were pending for consideration as per the directions of the Advocate General on 2.9.1995½ izdj.k ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds le{k vkus ij ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk fuEu izdkj vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k& "This can hardly be said to be a reasonable, satisfactory or even proper explanation for seeking condonation of delay." (para). "Law of limitation may harshly affect a particular party but it has to be applied with all its rigour when the statute so prescribe and the Courts have no power to extend the period of limitation on equitable grounds. The discretion exercised by the High Court was, thus, neither proper nor judicious. The order condoning the delay cannot be sustained. ..." (para 6) ¼5½ ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; }kjk U;w bafM;k bU';ksjsal da- ds izdj.k RLR 1995 (2) page 585 esa ;g O;oLFkk nh gS fd& "If the delay is to be condoned mechanically on the ground of administrative exigencies, then in almost all the cases the Court has to condone the delay. ..." (para 6) ¼5½ ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; }kjk U;w bafM;k bU';ksjsal da- ds izdj.k RLR 1995 (2) page 585 esa ;g O;oLFkk nh gS fd& "If the delay is to be condoned mechanically on the ground of administrative exigencies, then in almost all the cases the Court has to condone the delay. That is never the intention of the Supreme Court while laying down the law for condoning the delay on the ground of administrative exigencies." mijksDr lHkh U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa dk lkjka'k gS fd izLrqr izkFkZuk i= esa e; 'kiFk i= esa of.kZr dkj.kksa ds vk/kkj ij fe;kn ds iz'u dks fofuf'pr djus o vihy vUnj fe;kn ik;s tkus ds ckn gh vihy ij xq.kkoxq.k vk/kkj ij fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA lkFk gh ;g Hkh vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd fe;kn ds fcUnq ij jkT; ljdkj ,oa futh i{kdkj ds fy, vyx vyx ekin.M ugha gks ldrsA gLrxr izdj.k esa foyEc ls izLrqr vihyksa ds lkFk vihykFkhZ rglhynkj }kjk /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dk izkFkZuk i= gh izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k vkSj izkFkhZx.k@izR;FkhZx.k }kjk ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds le{k bl lEcU/k esa vkifRr Hkh mBk;h x;h Fkh] fdUrq ftyk dysDVj }kjk vihy Kkiu ds vfHkopuksa ls ijs tkdj vihyksa dks vUnj fe;kn ekuk gS tks fof/kd n`f"V ls =qfViw.kZ gSA bl izdkj gekjk ;g Li"V er gS fd rglhynkj] chdkusj }kjk ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds le{k izLrqr vihysa dkykrhr Fkha] ftudks /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] ds izkFkZuk i= e; 'kiFk i= ds vHkko esa Hkh vUnj ifjlhek eku dj ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ,oa vfrfjDr lEHkkxh; vk;qDr chdkusj }kjk xaHkhj fof/kd =qfV dkfjr dh x;h gSA 10- r`rh; fcUnq& D;k orZeku fuxjkuh ds Lrj ij fe;kn ds iz'u dks ugha mBk;k tk ldrk gS\ fo}ku mi-jktdh; vf/koDrk }kjk nkSjkus cgl ;g vkifRr izLrqr dh gS fd izkFkhZx.k fuxjkuh ds Lrj ij fe;kn lEcU/kh fcUnq ugha mBk ldrs gSa] D;ksafd ;g fcUnq iwoZ esa izFke o f}rh; vihy esa fu.khZr gks pqdk gSA ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds vkyksP; vkns'k fnukad 14-7-2008 ds voyksdu ek= ls ;g tkfgj gS fd izkFkhZx.k }kjk ftyk dysDVj ds le{k cgl ds nkSjku ;g fcUnq mBk;k x;k Fkk fd vihykFkhZ jkT; ljdkj }kjk izLrqr vihy fe;kn ckgj gS rFkk vihy ds lkFk fe;kn vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 5 dk izkFkZuk i= o 'kiFk i= izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gSA ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj }kjk fe;kn ds fcUnq ij ;g fu"d"kkZdau fd;k x;k fd vihyk/khu vkns'k izkjEHk ls gh 'kwU; gS vkSj mls fdlh Hkh le; pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gSA bl izdkj ftyk dysDVj }kjk iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.kksa dks izkjEHk ls gh 'kwU; ¼ ab initio void ½ eku dj] /kkjk 5 fe;kn vf/kfu;e ds izkFkZuk i= o 'kiFk-i= ds fcuk gh] vihyksa dks izLrqr djus esa gq, foyEc dks {kek ¼condone½ dj fn;k] tcfd iwoZ vuqPNsn esa dh x;h foospuk vuqlkj foyfEcr vihy ds lkFk flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds vkns'k 41 fu;e 3 , lifBr jktLo U;k;ky; eSuwvy ds fu;e 17 vuqlkj /kkjk 5 fe;kn vf/kfu;e dk izkFkZuk i= e; 'kiFk i= izLrqr djuk vko';d Fkk] ftuds fcuk vihy fopkj.kh; gh ugha FkhA fdUrq fQj Hkh ftyk dysDVj }kjk fof/k fo:) fu"d"kkZdu djrs gq, vihyksa dks vUnj fe;kn 'kqekj dj fy;k x;kA mDr vkns'k ds fo:) izkFkhZx.k }kjk vfrfjDr lEHkkxh; vk;qDr ds le{k izLrqr f}rh; vihy esa vkifRr dh x;h Fkh fdUrq blds ckotwn U;k;ky; vfrfjDr lEHkkxh; vk;qDr }kjk bl fcUnq ij dksbZ fu.kZ; ikfjr gh ugha fd;k gS fd ftyk dysDVj }kjk foyEc dks {kek ¼ condone ½ djus dk fu.kZ; lgh gS vFkok ughaA gekjk er gS fd tc izFke vihy esa fe;kn lEcU/kh egRoiw.kZ iz'u fufgr gks vkSj mDr iz'u ij izFke vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; dks f}rh; vihy esa pqukSrh nh x;h gks fdUrq f}rh; vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk fe;kn ds mDr fcUnq ij dksbZ fu.kZ; ikfjr ugha fd;k tkos rks fe;kn dk iz'u fuxjkuh esa Hkh mBk;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd fe;kn ds fcUnq ij f}rh; vihyh; U;k;ky; mlesa fufgr {ks=kf/kdkj dk mi;ksx djus esa vlQy jgk gSA 11- prqFkZ fcUnq& D;k iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.k 1957 ds Hkw vfHkys[k fu;eksa ds fu;e 133 ds foijhr Lohd`r fd;s x;s gksus ls fujLruh; Fks\ bl fcUnq ds fofu'p;u esa jktLFkku Hkw jktLo ¼yS.M jsdkMZ½ fu;e] 1957 ds fu;e 133 ds izko/kkuksa dks ns[kk tkuk vko';d gS] tks fuEu izdkj gS& "133. Transfer not effected.-Except in cases of Collateral mortgages in the Jamabandi, the Patwari should also ascertain whether possession has passed and mutation of transfer by gift, sale of mortgage should not be attested unless- (a) possession is proved to have actually passed; or (b) the parties have agreed before the attesting officer that possession has passed; or (c) the parties have agreed in a registered document that possession has passed. A mutation should not be refused merely because it is claimed that the alien or has no right by custom or statute to make such alienation. Such transaction is a "Fact" until it is set aside in due course of law. A mutation should not be refused merely because it is claimed that the alien or has no right by custom or statute to make such alienation. Such transaction is a "Fact" until it is set aside in due course of law. fo}ku~ jktdh; vfHkHkk"kd dk dFku gS fd Øsrkx.k us Ø;'kqnk Hkwfe dk dCtk ekSds ij izkIr ugha fd;k gS] tSlk fu;e 133 ds izko/kkuksa esa vko';d gSA dCtk izkIr ugha djus dk rdZ og ;g nsrs gSa fd vf/kfu;e] 1961 ds vUrxZr tkjh vf/klwpuk fnukad 12-3-1996 ds vuqlkj izfrcaf/kr {ks= esa fuxjkuhdrkZ dCtk izkIr djus ugha x;sA nwljh rjQ fuxjkuhdrkZ i{k dh rjQ ls ;g rdZ fn;k x;k fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us fu;e 133 dk xyr fu"d"kZ fudkyk gSA fu;e 133¼ch½ o ¼lh½ dh ikyuk esa iathd`r foØ; i= esa nksuksa i{kdkjksa dk dCtk gLrkUrj.k ij lgefr rFkk foØ; i= esa dCtk gLrkUrj.k dk mYys[k dj nsuk gh i;kZIr gSA vf/kfu;e] 1961 o blds vUrxZr izlkfjr vf/klwpuk fnukad 12-3-1996 esa Hkwfe Ø; ij dksbZ ikcanh ugha yxkbZ xbZ gSA bl ckjs esa gekjk er gS fd fu;e 133¼ch½ o ¼lh½ ds eqrkfcd iathd`r foØ; i= esa ;fn Hkwfe dk dCtk ysus dh lgefr nksuksa i{kksa dh fjdkMZ ij lkfcr gS rks vyx ls dCtk izkIr djus dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gSA 1997 RRD 175 esas ;g izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS fd tc dCtk lqiqnZxh dk mYys[k iathd`r foØ; i= esa Li"V :i ls vafdr gks rks fu;e 133¼lh½ vuqlkj ukekUrjdj.k vuqizekf.kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj gekjk fu"d"kZ gS fd 1957 ds fu;eksa ds fu;e 133 ¼ch½ o ¼lh½ ds rgr izkFkhZx.k@Øsrkx.k }kjk Hkwfe dk dCtk fy;k tkuk muds iathd`r foØ; i=ksa esa vk;s mYys[k ds eqrkfcd lkfcr gSA nksuksa v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa us bu dkuwuh rF;ksa ij /;ku ugha fn;kA tgka rd vf/kfu;e] 1961 o blds vUrxZr tkjh vf/klwpuk fnukad 12-3-1996 ds funsZ'kksa izko/kkuksa dk iz'u gS] bu izko/kkuksa dk geus /;kuiwoZd v/;;u fd;k gSA mDr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 3 lqlaxr gS] tks fuEu izdkj gS& Section 3 of The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1961 "3. Statements etc., in a notified area prejudicial to maintenance of public order, etc., therein or to safety or security of India and regulation entry of persons in such area. Statements etc., in a notified area prejudicial to maintenance of public order, etc., therein or to safety or security of India and regulation entry of persons in such area. (1) If the Central Government considers that in the interests of the safety or security of India or in the public interest, it is necessary or expedient so to do, it may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare any area adjoining the frontiers of India to be a notified area; and thereupon, for so long as the notification is in force, such area shall be a notified area for the purposes of this section. (2) Whoever makes, Publishes or circulates in any notified area any statement, rumour or report which is, or is likely to be, prejudicial to the maintenance of public order or essential supplies or services in the said area or to the interests of the safety or security of India, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both. (3) On and after such day as may be specified in, and subject to any exemptions for which provision may be made by, a notification issued under sub-section (1), no person who was not immediately before the said day a resident in the area declared to be a notified area by the notification shall enter or attempt to enter that area or be therein except in accordance with the terms of a permit in writing granted to him by a person, not below the rank of a magistrate of the first class, specified in the said notification. (4) Any police officer, not below the rank of sub-inspector of police, may search any person entering or attempting to enter, or being in, or leaving, a notified area and any vehicle, vessel, animal or article brought in by such person, and may, for the purpose of the search, detain such person, vehicle, vessel, animal or article: Provided that no woman shall be searched in pursuance of this sub-section except by a woman authorised in this behalf by the police officer. (5) If any person is in a notified area in contravention of the provisions of sub-section (3), then, without prejudice to any other proceedings which may be taken against him, he may be removed therefrom by or under the direction of any police officer on duty in the notified area, not below the rank of sub-inspector of police. (6) If any person enters or attempts to enter a notified area or is therein in contravention of any of the provisions of sub-section (3), he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both. (6) If any person enters or attempts to enter a notified area or is therein in contravention of any of the provisions of sub-section (3), he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both. mijksDr /kkjk 3 vf/kfu;e] 1961 ds voyksdu ek= ls tkfgj gS fd vf/klwfpr@izfrcaf/kr {ks= esa d`f"k Hkwfe Ø;-foØ; ij dksbZ izfrcU/k ugha gSA fuxjkuhdrkZ us bl izfrcaf/kr {ks= esa izos'k fd;k ;k ugha fd;k] mldk izHkko fu;e 133 ¼ch½ o ¼lh½ ds vuqlkj dCts dks ysdj ugha iM+rkA vr% tks ukekUrjdj.k rLnhd fd;s x;s gSa] os fof/k fo:) ugha dgs tk ldrsA vr% oS/kkfud rjhds ls Lohd`r ukekUrjdj.k dks fujLr djus dk izFke vihyh; vf/kdkjh dk vkns'k fof/k lEer ugha ekuk tk ldrkA f}rh; vihyh; vf/kdkjh us Hkh bu rF;ksa dh vuns[kh dj fof/k fo:) vkns'k tkjh fd;k gSA 12- iape fcUnq& D;k iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.k fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gksus ls izkjEHk ls 'kwU; ¼ ab initio void ½ gSa\ rglhynkj chdkusj }kjk izLrqr izFke vihy dk fu.kZ; djrs le; ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj ds fu.kZ; dk eq[; vk/kkj ;g gS fd nkf.Md fof/k la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1961 ds vUrxZr tkjh dh x;h vf/klwpuk fnukad 12-3-1996 ds vuqlkj chdkusj ftys dks iqfyl Fkkuk cTtw] iwxy] Nrjx<] ,oa [kktwokyk dk vf/klwfpr@izfrcfU/kr {ks=ksa esa izos'k djus ls iwoZ l{ke eftLVªsV dh vuqefr fy;k tkuk vkKkid gSA ijUrq izR;FkhZx.k }kjk iz'uxr Hkwfe ij tkdj dCtk izkIr djus gsrq izos'k ds fy, ,slh vuqefr izkIr ugha djuk Lo;a izR;FkhZx.k ds dFkuksa ls lkfcr gSA bl izdkj izR;FkhZx.k }kjk nkf.Md fof/k la'kks/ku vf/kfu;e] 1961 dk mYya?ku djus ds lkFk lkFk jktLFkku Hkw jktLo ¼Hkw-vfHkys[k½ fu;e] 1957 ds fu;e 137 dh Hkh vogsyuk fd;k tkuk izekf.kr gSA iz'uxr ukekUrjdj.k fu;e 137 ds izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gksus ls bl lEcU/k esa dh x;h leLr dk;Zokgh izkjEHk ls gh 'kwU; ¼ ab initio void ½ gSA ftyk dysDVj dk ;g Hkh fu"d"kZ gS fd ^^vihyk/khu E;wVs'ku izkjEHk ls gh 'kwU; gksus] jsLiks.Ms.V }kjk fcuk l{ke eftLVªsV dh vuqefr ds izfrcfU/kr {ks= esa izos'k djus rFkk ekeyk jk"Vªh; vkUrfjd lqj{kk ls tqM+k@izHkkfor gksus ds dkj.k vihyk/khu E;wVs'ku dks fdlh Hkh lwjr esa U;k;laxr ¼ lawful ½ ,oa tk;t ¼ justified ½ ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrkA** U;k;ky; vfrfjDr lEHkkxh; vk;qDr }kjk Hkh f}rh; vihy dk fu.kZ; djrs le; ftyk dysDVj ds blh er dh iqf"V dh gSA gLrxr izdj.k esa ;g loZFkk Lohd`r rF; gS fd izkFkhZx.k@Øsrkx.k us iathd`r foØ; i=ksa ds ek/;e ls vfHkfyf[kr [kkrsnkjku ls oknxzLr Hkwfe dk Ø; fd;k gSA vfHkfyf[kr [kkrsnkjku dks jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 dh /kkjk 41 ds vUrxZr viuh [kkrsnkjh dh Hkwfe dks foØ; ls gLrkUrj.k djus dk iw.kZ vf/kdkj gSA bl izdkj iz'uxr foØ; i= jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 dh /kkjk 41 lifBr lEifr gLrkUrj.k vf/kfu;e] 1882 dh /kkjk 54 ,oa iath;u vf/kfu;e] 1908 dh /kkjk 47 ds vuqlkj fof/kd nLrkostkr gSa ftuls Øsrk dks [kjhnh x;h Hkwfe esa og lHkh vf/kdkj vftZr gks tkrs gSa tks fd foØsrkx.k dks FksA vf/kfu;e] 1961 ds rgr tkjh dh x;h vf/klwpuk fnukad 12-3-1996 dks vk/kkj cuk dj jkT; ljdkj }kjk mDr foØ; i=ksa dks voS/k ,oa ukekUrjdj.kksa dks 'kwU; crk;k tk jgk gSA fdlh Hkh {ks= dks vf/kfu;e] 1961 dh /kkjk 3 ds vUrxZr vf/klwfpr fd;k tkrk gSA /kkjk 3 vf/kfu;e] 1961 esa ,slk dksbZ izko/kku ugha gS fd vf/klwfpr {ks= esa mDr {ks= ds ckgj dk dksbZ O;fDr d`f"k Hkwfe vFkok vU; lEifr Ø; ugha dj ldsxkA jkT; ljdkj dk rdZ gS fd l{ke eftLVªsV ls vuqefr fy;s fcuk vf/klwfpr {ks= esa izos'k djds Hkwfe dk Ø; fd;k x;k gS] vr% mDr Ø; gh voS/k gS] fdUrq vf/kfu;e 1961 dh mDr /kkjk 3 esa ,slk Hkh dksbZ izko/kku ugha gS fd fcuk vuqefr dksbZ O;fDr vf/klwfpr {ks= esa izos'k djds Hkwfe@lEifr Ø; djrk gS rks ,slk Ø; voS/k gksxkA izko/kku ;g gS fd `no person who was not immediately before the said day a resident in the area declared to be a notified area by the notification shall enter or attempt to enter that area or be therein except in accordance with the terms of a permit in writing granted to him by a person, not below the rank of a magistrate of the first class, specified in the said notification.' vxj jkT; ljdkj le>rh gS fd izkFkhZx.k@Øsrkx.k us l{ke eftLVªsV ls vuqefr fy;s fcuk vf/klwfpr@izfrcfU/kr {ks= esa izos'k fd;k gS rks jkT; ljdkj muds fo:) vf/kfu;e] 1961 dh /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ ,oa ¼6½ ds izko/kku vuqlkj vkijkf/kd dk;Zokgh djus ds fy, Lora= gS fdUrq vf/kfu;e] 1961 izfrcfU/kr@vf/klwfpr {ks= esa fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd }kjk Hkwfe Ø; djus ij izfrcU/k ugha yxkrk gS vkSj bl dkj.k gLrxr izdj.k esa iathd`r foØ; i=ksa ls izkFkhZx.k }kjk Hkwfe Ø; djuk ,d fof/klaxr dk;Zokgh gSA iz'uxr iathd`r foØ; i= oS/kkfud nLrkost gS vkSj tc rd mDr iathd`r foØ; i=ksa dks l{ke flfoy U;k;ky; ls fujLr ugha dj fn;k tkrk gS rc rd Øsrkx.k@izkFkhZx.k dks oknxzLr Hkwfe esa fof/kd [kkrsnkjh vf/kdkj izkIr gSa] mDr oS/kkfud foØ; i=ksa ds vk/kkj ij [kksys x;s ,oa Lohd`r fd;s x;s ukekUrjdj.k iw.kZr% 1957 ds fu;eksa ds fu;e 133 ds vuqlkj gSA mDr ukekUrjdj.kksa dh dk;Zokgh dks 'kwU; ekus tkus dk dksbZ fof/kd vk/kkj ugha gSA bl n`f"V ls ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj dk vkns'k fnukad 14-7-2008 vkSj vfrfjDr lEHkkxh; vk;qDr] chdkusj dk vkns'k fnukad 23@30-3-2009 fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gSA 13- mijksDr vuqPNsn 6 ls 12 esa vafdr foospu ds vk/kkj ij bl U;k;ky; dk ;g lqfopkfjr er gS fd ftyk dysDVj] chdkusj }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; vkns'k fnukad 14-7-2009 o vfrfjDr lEHkkxh; vk;qDr] chdkusj }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; vkns'k fnukad 23-3-2009 o fnukad 30-3-2009 fof/kd izko/kkuksa ds foijhr gksus ls fujLruh; gSa vkSj gLrxr fuxjkfu;ka Lohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA 14- ifj.kker% gLrxr fuxjkfu;ka ,rn}kjk Lohdkj dh tkrh gS vkSj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ftyk dysDVj chdkusj rFkk vfrfjDr laHkkxh; vk;qDr] chdkusj ds vkyksP; vkns'kksa dks vikLr fd;k tkrk gSA vkns'k [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA