Judgment :- 1. The criminal appeal arises out of the judgment of conviction and sentence dated 19.10.2004, made in S.C.No.535 of 2004 on the file of the Additional District and Sessions Court, Fast Track Court No.III, Chennai, whereby the accused was convicted for the offence under Section 306 IPC and sentenced to undergo six years rigorous imprisonment and imposed a fine of Rs.10,000/- in default in payment to undergo six months rigorous imprisonment. 2. The respondent has filed a charge sheet against the accused/appellant stating that the deceased Malarvizhi had conducted Diwali chit and she gave the chit amount to the accused, which was collected by way of chits. On 3.11.2002, when Malarvizhi asked the accused to hand over the chit amount, he told that he would give that amount on the next day (i.e.) on 4.11.2002. Till 4.00 p.m., on 4.11.2002, he did not repay the chit amount, the said Malarvizhi herself poured kerosene on her and set fire in the house of the accused. Thereby the accused caused abatement of suicide and hence, the respondent filed a charge sheet against him for the offence under Section 306 IPC. 3. The learned Sessions Judge after following the procedure, framed necessary charges against the accused. Since the accused pleaded not guilty, he examined the witnesses P.W.1 to P.W.24 and marked Exs.P1 to P14 and M.Os.1 to 19. 4. The case of the prosecution let in by the prosecution witnesses is as follows: (i) The deceased Malarvizhi and her husband Kumar, who was examined as P.W.16, are having one petty shop and they also conducted a chit for Diwali and Pongal. She gave that chit amount to the accused, with whom allegedly she had an illegal intimacy. When she demanded the amount from the accused on 3.11.2002, he did not repay the same and he told her that on the next day he would be returned the same. Since he did not return that amount on 4.11.2002 till 4.00 p.m., the deceased Malarvizhi gone to the house of the accused and poured kerosene on her and set fire. Since he did not return that amount on 4.11.2002 till 4.00 p.m., the deceased Malarvizhi gone to the house of the accused and poured kerosene on her and set fire. The same has been evidenced by P.W.1/Venugopal, who was residing opposite to the accused house, stated that on 4.11.2002, at 3.00 p.m., when P.W.1 was in his house, there was hue and cry outside and therefore, he opened the door and saw the fire accident in opposite house (i.e.) accused house and he gave water to put out the fire. Then the people who were standing out side the house broke open the door and saw the deceased Malarvizhi was in the midst of flame. But she died on the spot itself. P.W.2/Dinesh Kumar is the owner of the accused house also witnessed the same. P.W.3 Appadurai, who is the younger brother of deceased Malarvizhi, stated that his sister was missing before Diwali and then he came to know that she was died in the accused house at 4.00 p.m. on 4.11.2002. P.W.4/Dakshinamurthy & P.W.5/Subramani who are her maternal uncle and relative respectively, also witnessed the same. But P.W.1 to P.W.3 and P.W.5 to P.W.7 were turned hostile, during their examination. (ii) P.W.15 Pattu @ Pattammal, who is the mother of deceased, gave a complaint before P.W.24. She identified her signature in the complaint, which was marked as Ex.P4. (iii) P.W.24/Devaraj, Inspector of Police, received the complaint given by P.W.15 and registered a case in Crime No.2307/2002 under Section 174 Cr.P.C. and prepared Ex.P14 printed F.I.R. Since Malarvizhi died within 7 years from her date of marriage, the F.I.R. has been forwarded to the Assistant Commissioner, Saidapet Division. (iv) On 4.11.2002, P.W.22/Kaliyamurthy, Assistant Commissioner of Saidapet Division, after receiving F.I.R. copy from P.W.24, rushed to the place of occurrence and prepared Ex.P9 observation mahazar and drew rough sketch Ex.P10. Then he took steps to take photographs through P.W.14/Kandan, photographer and the photographs were marked as M.Os.1 to 11. (v) On 4.11.2002, at 19.00 hours, P.W.22 seized M.O.12/melted white plastic cane under Ex.P12, M.O.13/melted black plastic cane under Ex.P13, M.O.14/melted pale coloured plastic box under Ex.P14, M.O.15/melted rose coloured plastic pot under Ex.P15, M.O.16/match box under Ex.P16, M.O.17/a piece of bed sheet under Ex.P17, M.O.18/burnt yellow rope under Ex.P18, M.O.19/a broken covering dollar chain under Ex.P19. Then he examined the witnesses and recorded their statements. Then he examined the witnesses and recorded their statements. (vi) On 5.11.2002, he sent a requisition to the Personal Assistant of District Collector to conduct inquest on the body of the deceased. Thereafter, Tahsildar, Mambalam conducted inquest in the presence of Panchayatars and witnesses. (vii)After inquest, the deceased body was sent for post-mortem. P.W.23/Dr.Baskar conducted autopsy on 6.11.2002 at 11.40 a.m. and viscera was sent for chemical analysis. Post-mortem certificate was marked as Ex.P12 and chemical analysis report was marked as Ex.P13, which states that no poison. P.W.23 opined that the death is due to burn injuries sustained by the deceased. (viii) After recording the evidence, P.W.22 came to know that the death was not due to dowry demand and since the accused did not return the amount given by the deceased, by way of collecting chits, the deceased committed suicide. Hence, he directed P.W.24 to alter the offence under Section 306 IPC and investigate the matter. (ix) On 6.11.2002, at 18.30 hours, P.W.24 arrested the accused and he gave confession, which was recorded in the presence of one Vasu and Sivasubramaniam. After completing the investigation, he filed a charge sheet against the accused under Section 306 IPC. 5. The learned trial Judge placed the incriminating evidence against the accused and the accused denied the same. On his side, no oral and documentary evidence was marked. After considering the oral and documentary evidence, the trial Court convicted and sentenced the accused as stated above. 6. Challenging the conviction and sentence passed by the trial Court, Mr.Ravi learned counsel appearing for the appellant/accused submitted that even though P.W.1 to P.W.3, P.W.5 to P.W.7, P.W.10, P.W.15, P.W.17 to P.W.20 were examined, they turned hostile during trial. As per the evidence of P.W.8, on the date of occurrence, the appellant was in Arcot and after hearing the incident over phone, he came to Chennai. It shows that he was not at all present at the time of occurrence. It is further submitted that P.W.15/mother of the deceased was also not deposed against the accused and she admitted only her signature in the complaint. There is no material evidence to show that the deceased Malarvizhi conducted chits and that amount was given to the accused and since he was unable to return that chits amount, he abetted her to commit suicide. There is no material evidence to show that the deceased Malarvizhi conducted chits and that amount was given to the accused and since he was unable to return that chits amount, he abetted her to commit suicide. Hence, he prayed for setting aside the order of conviction and allowing of this appeal. 7. Resisting the same, Mr.C.Emalias, the learned Government Advocate (Crl. Side) submitted that the deceased Malarvizhi had conducted Diwali chit and she gave the chit amount to the accused, with whom he had illegal intimacy. When Malarvizhi asked the accused to hand over the chit amount, he told that he would give that amount on the next day (i.e.) on 4.11.2002. But he did not do so, Malarvizhi committed suicide and thereby the accused caused abatement of suicide. It was also corroborated by her husband. Therefore, the trial Court considered all the aspects and convicted the accused under Section 306 IPC, which is proper and it does not warrant any interference. Hence, he prayed for dismissal of the appeal. 8. Considered the rival submissions made on both sides and the materials available on record. 9. On perusal of the record, the deceased Malarvizhi and P.W.16/Kumar are husband and wife and they are allegedly conducting chits during Diwali and Pongal. Malarvizhi used to give the chit amount, by way of collecting chits, to the accused. Before Diwali, she demanded the chits amount, but he did not repay the amount and told her that he will repay the amount on 4.11.2002. On 4.11.2002 till 4.00 p.m., the accused did not repay the chits amount, the said Malarvizhi gone to accused house and herself doused kerosene on her and set fire and committed suicide. 10. As per the evidence of P.W.16, husband of the deceased, they are conducting Diwali and Pongal chits. P.W.18 & P.W.19, who are subscribers of the chits, also corroborated the same. But they did not demand chit amount from the deceased. As per the evidence of P.W.23/Dr.Baskar and Ex.P12/Post-mortem certificate, it would reveal that the deceased died due to burn injuries. Admittedly, the case of the prosecution is that the deceased committed suicide. 11. The only question has to be decided by this Court is that whether the appellant/accused has abetted her for committing suicide. There is no oral evidence on the side of the prosecution to prove that the accused has abetted for commission of suicide. Admittedly, the case of the prosecution is that the deceased committed suicide. 11. The only question has to be decided by this Court is that whether the appellant/accused has abetted her for committing suicide. There is no oral evidence on the side of the prosecution to prove that the accused has abetted for commission of suicide. It is also an admitted fact that the appellant was away from the place where the deceased Malarvizhi committed suicide. On the date of occurrence, the accused was at his sister's house at Arcot. P.W.8/Doss, who knows the accused for the past 30 years, was given information to the accused over phone. After knowing the incident over phone, he came to Chennai. From his evidence, it would clearly prove that the accused was not present in his house at the time of occurrence. 12. Now this Court has to decide whether the trial Court is correct in convicting the accused under Section 306 IPC? Admittedly, most of the witnesses P.W.1 to P.W.3, P.W.5 to P.W.7, P.W.10, P.W.15, P.W.17 to P.W.20 were turned hostile. There is no evidence to show that the accused/appellant abetted the deceased for commission of suicide. At this juncture, it is appropriate to consider the decision relied upon by the learned counsel for the appellant reported in (2010) 1 SCC 750 (Gangula Mohan Reddy v. State of Andhra Pradesh), in which, para-16 and 17 are extracted hereunder: "16. This court in Chitresh Kumar Chopra v. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi) 2009 (11) SCALE 24 had an occasion to deal with this aspect of abetment. The Court dealt with the dictionary meaning of the words "instigation" and "goading". The Court opined that there should be intention to provoke, incite or encourage the doing of an act by the latter. Each person's suicidability pattern is different from the other. Each person has his own idea of self-esteem and self-respect. Therefore, it is impossible to lay down any straight-jacket formula in dealing with such cases. Each case has to be decided on the basis of its own facts and circumstances. 17. Abetment involves a mental process of instigating a person or intentionally aiding a person in doing of a thing. Without a positive act on the part of the accused to instigate or aid in committing suicide, conviction cannot be sustained. Each case has to be decided on the basis of its own facts and circumstances. 17. Abetment involves a mental process of instigating a person or intentionally aiding a person in doing of a thing. Without a positive act on the part of the accused to instigate or aid in committing suicide, conviction cannot be sustained. The intention of the Legislature and the ratio of the cases decided by this Court is clear that in order to convict a person under section 306 IPC there has to be a clear mens rea to commit the offence. It also requires an active act or direct act which led the deceased to commit suicide seeing no option and this act must have been intended to push the deceased into such a position that he committed suicide." 13. Now this Court has to decide whether the evidence before the Court is sufficient to conclude that the appellant/accused induced and incited the deceased to commit suicide. In this connection, it is appropriate to consider the ingredients of Sections 306 and 107 IPC, which reads as follows: Section 306: (i) Certain person committed suicide. (ii) It was committed in consequence of abetment by the accused. Section 107: Abetment of a thing.--A person abets the doing of a thing, who- First.--Instigates any person to do that thing; or Secondly.--Engages with one or more other person or persons in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing, if an act or illegal omission takes place in pursuance of that conspiracy, and in order to the doing of that thing; or Thirdly.--Intentionally aids, by any act or illegal omission, the doing of that thing. Explanation 1.--A person who, by wilful misrepresentation, or by wilful concealment of a material fact which he is bound to disclose, voluntarily causes or procures, or attempts to cause or procure, a thing to be done, is said to instigate the doing of that thing. Explanation 2.--Whoever, either prior to or at the time of the commission of an act, does anything in order to facilitate the commission of that act, and thereby facilitates the commission thereof, is said to aid the doing of that act." 14. The mens-rea is an essential component of abetment and there must be an overt act on the part of the accused in course of the alleged instigation. The mens-rea is an essential component of abetment and there must be an overt act on the part of the accused in course of the alleged instigation. It must be shown that the instigation was prior to and at the point of time. It was directly or indirectly to give a suggestion to the person to do a certain act. An abettor must be shown to have intentionally aided the commissioning of the crime and mere proof that the crime charged could not have been committed without the interposition of the alleged abettor, is not enough compliance with the requirement of Section 107 IPC. The word "instigation" involves two things; one is physical act or omission, while the other is mental act. The physical act or omission involved in the "instigation" is "goading or urging forward" another. Such physical act of goading can be committed either by words or deed, as the meaning of the word suggests. "Goading" can be committed also by any other wilful conduct, may be by even an adamant silence. The physical act of "urging forward" or "instigation" involves doing of an act by strongly advising, persuading to make a person to do something or by pushing or forcing a person in order to make him move more quickly in a forward direction. Thus, both the physical acts in "goading or urging forward" can be committed by doing some act either verbal or physical or even by wilful omission or conduct. 15. Considering the above decision along with the facts of the present case, there is no evidence to prove that the deceased gave chits amount to the accused and the accused gave assurance to the deceased to repay the same. Furthermore, there is no piece of evidence is available to show that the accused/appellant has induced and incited the deceased to commit suicide. In such circumstances, the prosecution has miserably failed to prove that the accused/appellant is found guilty of the offence under Section 306 IPC beyond all reasonable doubt. Hence, a benefit of doubt has given in favour of the accused and he is entitled for acquittal. Therefore, I am of the view, the trial Court committed an error in convicting the accused/appellant under Section 306 IPC and hence, the judgment of conviction and sentence passed by the trial Court is hereby set aside. 16.In fine, (i) Criminal Appeal is allowed. Therefore, I am of the view, the trial Court committed an error in convicting the accused/appellant under Section 306 IPC and hence, the judgment of conviction and sentence passed by the trial Court is hereby set aside. 16.In fine, (i) Criminal Appeal is allowed. (ii) The judgment of conviction and sentence dated 19.10.2004, made in S.C.No.535 of 2004 on the file of the Additional District and Sessions Court, Fast Track Court No.III, Chennai, is hereby set aside. (iii) The accused/appellant is acquitted. (iv) The bail bond, if executed by the accused shall stand cancelled. (v) The fine amount if paid by the accused is ordered to be refunded to him.