JUDGMENT Per: U.C. Dhyani, J In the instant case, criminal law was set into motion by one Redwa Singh son of Kishan Singh resident of village Datiyana, P.S. Chhapar, District Muzaffar Nagar. Informant Redwa Singh was the unfortunate father of deceased. He lodged an FIR on 23.12.1997 at 6:10 pm in P.S. Jhabrera district Haridwar which was registered as crime no. 131 of 1997 under section 304 B IPC. The incident took place on 17.12.1997. 2. Five accused viz. Kailash, Smt. Bala, Baljor, Sompal and Mithilesh were named in FIR. After investigation of the case, Police submitted charge sheet against all of them for the offence punishable under section 304B IPC. When the trial commenced, charges were framed against all the accused persons for the said offence. Prosecution witnesses were examined before the trial court. Statements of the accused persons were taken under section 313 Cr.P.C. They said that they were falsely implicated in the case. One witness viz. DW 1 Veeram Singh, Advocate was produced in defence. Trial court exonerated accused persons Baljor, Sompal, Smt. Bala and Smt. Mithilesh of the charges framed against them. 3. Accused appellant Kailash (husband) was convicted of the offence punishable under section 304 B IPC. He was awarded imprisonment for life. Aggrieved against the order-dated 22.08.2009 of the trial court, accused appellant Kailash preferred this criminal appeal. 4. According to the complainant Redwa Singh, his daughter was married to Kailash on 16.04.1996 according to Hindu customs and rituals. The husband and other members of her matrimonial home were not satisfied with dowry. They ridiculed informant’s daughter for bringing lesser dowry and demanded Rs. 50,000/- in cash. When daughter of informant came to her parental home, she disclosed everything to them. She said that her husband, her mother-in-law, father-in-law, brother-in-law (jeth) and sister-in-law (jethani) harass her on account of bringing lesser dowry. They beat her and do not provide adequate and proper food to her. She complained to them that her in-laws were insisting for bringing Rs. 50,000/-in cash. The informant went to Gangadaspur along with his cousins to persuade in-laws of her daughter. They (in-laws) said that they had given lesser dowry. Informant came back to his residence. They beat her and do not provide adequate and proper food to her. She complained to them that her in-laws were insisting for bringing Rs. 50,000/-in cash. The informant went to Gangadaspur along with his cousins to persuade in-laws of her daughter. They (in-laws) said that they had given lesser dowry. Informant came back to his residence. About a month ago (from the date of lodgement of FIR), appellant husband took his wife to her matrimonial home but the intensity of harassment and cruelty meted out to her daughter continued to remain unabated. A report to this effect was sent to SP, Haridwar (by informant). In the morning of 17.12.1997, the informant was intimated by a person that informant’s daughter was critical. Informant went to his daughter’s matrimonial home along with his Uncle Isam Singh only to find that his daughter was dead. There were marks (of injury) on her neck and hand. Complexion of her face was changed. She was sacrificed on the altar of dowry. Informant Redwa Singh could not bear the shock of death of his daughter and therefore could not lodge FIR promptly. 5. In his examination-in-chief, PW 1 Redwa Singh supported prosecution version. He corroborated the contents enumerated in FIR. There appears to be no need to reproduce what the witness (informant) said in his examination-in-chief, for the same will amount to reproducing what was said in FIR. PW 1 Redwa Singh proved his complaint (Ext. Ka-1). 6. Informant was passing through great mental stress and mental trauma. His mental condition and the shock which he might have undergone may be understood easily. A normal person like him will not be able to fathom it. This was the reason why he did not lodge complaint promptly. 7. Last rites of deceased were not performed in presence of the father (of the deceased). No inquest was conducted in his presence, for he was under great mental shock. Post mortem on the dead body of victim was conducted on 18.12.1997 at 1:10 pm. In the cross-examination PW 1 Redwa Singh denied that inquest was conducted in his presence. He also said that Police did not come in his presence. Dharam Singh and Kishan Singh were not there. A suggestion was given on behalf of the appellant that inquest was conducted in presence of Dharam Singh and Kishan Singh, to which the informant denied. In the cross-examination PW 1 Redwa Singh denied that inquest was conducted in his presence. He also said that Police did not come in his presence. Dharam Singh and Kishan Singh were not there. A suggestion was given on behalf of the appellant that inquest was conducted in presence of Dharam Singh and Kishan Singh, to which the informant denied. At the same time, he also denied that he and Dharam Singh refused to put signatures on the inquest report. He also denied that his father put thumb impression on inquest in his presence. Informant said that they became suspicious that his daughter was killed (by her in-laws). He also denied the suggestion that his son-in-law Kailash (appellant) used to reside separately from other members of the family. 8. PW 1 Redwa Singh also said in his cross-examination that he saw ligature mark on the neck of his daughter. He denied that he was not under mental shock. He also denied that this excuse was taken by him only for the sake of explaining delay in lodging FIR. This informant /witness was put to a lengthy cross-examination, but nothing has come out in his statement which may render his testimony unsuitable to the prosecution or suitable to the appellant. 9. PW 2 Mahendra Singh was related to PW 1 Redwa Singh. Mahendra Singh’s daughter was married to elder brother of Redwa Singh. Redwa Singh had disclosed Mahendra Singh that in-laws of Rita (victim) harass her for dowry. PW 2 Mahendra Singh, PW 1 Redwa Singh, Brijpal and Amarpal had been to Rita’s in-laws to persuade them. Her in-laws gave an assurance to them that henceforth they will not harass her on account of dowry. PW 2 Mahendra Singh attributed Rita’s death to non-fulfilment of dowry. In the cross-examination, he denied that he had never been to matrimonial house of Rita. He also denied that Rita was not killed for non-payment of dowry. 10. PW 3 Isam Singh also supported prosecution story. He said that in-laws of Rita were greedy persons. They used to beat her and did not provide food. He has corroborated the fact that father of the victim along with a few relatives had gone to meet Rita’s in-laws in order to persuade them not to harass her. In the cross-examination, this witness confirmed marks of injury on neck and hands of victim. They used to beat her and did not provide food. He has corroborated the fact that father of the victim along with a few relatives had gone to meet Rita’s in-laws in order to persuade them not to harass her. In the cross-examination, this witness confirmed marks of injury on neck and hands of victim. He said that her neck was bearing mark of injury on the front (Doctor has said that abrasion marks were on the anterio lateral aspects of left and right sides of neck, thus corroborating injury on neck of deceased). 11. PW 5 Arvind Singh Rawat of Police Headquarter, Dehradun was posted as Inspector Jhabrera on 17.12.1997. He received a written information on 17.12.1997 at 2:15 pm by one Jodh Singh that Smt. Rita wife of Kailash Chandra died in sleep. Said information was got entered by PW 5 Arvind Singh Rawat in the General Diary. Here the role of this witness comes under scanner. If it was a natural death, what was the need to record the same in GD ? If it was death under unnatural circumstances, recording the same in GD was understandable. Why Jodh Singh gave an information in writing if it was a natural death? The facts indicate towards guilty mind of appellant. Jodh Singh acted on the behest of appellant. It appears that Inspector, Jhabreda wanted to help appellant and therefore, he has deviated from the normal procedure. 12. PW 5 Arvind Singh Rawat proved his signatures on inquest report (Ext. Ka-3). He said that father and brother of deceased refused to put signatures on inquest report (which fact is denied by father of victim). It appears to be yet another step on behalf of Inspector, Jhabreda to help violators of law. He also proved certain other papers from Ext. Ka-4 to Ext. Ka-8. Chik FIR was lodged in his presence. In cross-examination this witness said that the grandfather of deceased put his thumb impression on the inquest report. It is the contention of learned counsel for the appellant that had Inspector, Jhabreda tried to help appellant, he would not have permitted lodgement of FIR. We are unable to countenance the submission made in this behalf, for Inspector Jhabreda was not the ultimate in Law. Good sense prevailed over him that there were still higher authorities above him. It is the contention of learned counsel for the appellant that had Inspector, Jhabreda tried to help appellant, he would not have permitted lodgement of FIR. We are unable to countenance the submission made in this behalf, for Inspector Jhabreda was not the ultimate in Law. Good sense prevailed over him that there were still higher authorities above him. He was bound to lodge FIR but he tried to damage prosecution story as much as he could do within his limited competence and jurisdiction. He behaved like a fence sitter, for he wanted to oblige both, which ultimately proved his undoing-appellant was convicted. 13. PW 6 Constable Rizwan Ahmad proved site plan Ext. Ka-9 and charge-sheet Ext. Ka-10. 14. PW 7 Tejveer Singh Chauhan, Senior Scientific Assistant, Forensic Science Laboratory, Agra proved report Ext- Ka-11 prepared by him under the guidance of Assistant Director, FSL. Report Ext. Ka-11 was signed by Rajveer Singh, Assistant Director, FSL. Joint Director, FSL authorised this witness to do pairvi of the case. 15. PW 8 Y.P.S. Bhadoria proved chik FIR Ext. Ka-12 and copy of entry in GD Ext. Ka- 13. 16. DW 1 Veeram Singh, Advocate deposed before the trial court that he knew informant, his family and accused persons. Accused persons Kailash and others belonged to his family. Smt. Rita died instantly on 17.12.1997 at 2:00 pm. DW 1 Veeram Singh, Advocate along with others went to inform the parents of deceased. Father and brother of deceased came to Gangdaspur. Jodh Singh, maternal uncle of Kailash provided the information at P.S. Jhabreda. Father and brother of deceased declined to put signatures on inquest. Grandfather of deceased put his thumb impression. This witness proved his signatures on inquest report (Ext. Ka-3). This witness was a practicing Advocate at Roorkee since 1982. In the cross-examination, he has admitted that appellant Kailash and accused Sompal were his nephews. He also admitted injury marks on neck of deceased and arms (as shown in inquest report Ext. Ka-3, which bears signatures of this witness). Thus he is an interested witness and was perhaps the legal brain behind the moves which were taken up to help appellant. That is obvious. He could not be faulted with the same, for everybody tries to help his relatives. But it is unfortunate that Inspector Jhabreda succumbed to his guile. 17. Ka-3, which bears signatures of this witness). Thus he is an interested witness and was perhaps the legal brain behind the moves which were taken up to help appellant. That is obvious. He could not be faulted with the same, for everybody tries to help his relatives. But it is unfortunate that Inspector Jhabreda succumbed to his guile. 17. The harassment meted out to the victim continued even in the last leg of her stay at her matrimonial home. It has come on evidence that when she came to her matrimonial home after marriage, her in-laws started harassing her for dowry. Such was the intensity of harassment that she was forced to suspend her stay over there and had to remain at her parental home for 6 months. Her husband thereafter brought Smt. Rita Devi to her matrimonial home. There is no evidence on record to presume that the intensity of harassment meted out to her had mellowed down when she came back to her matrimonial home after staying at her parental home for about 6 months. There is no circumstance on record to presume that the harassment mellowed down even during her one and a half months stay at her matrimonial home. The circumstances do not indicate that the harassment meted out to her had mitigated. The same could have been shown by evidencing that she conceived when she came back. This was only as a matter of illustration. There could have been other circumstances to show that demand of dowry and harassment thereof did not persist. Unfortunately, the same has not been evidenced. It is unfortunate that the lady could not survive thereafter and died within one and half months of coming back to her matrimonial home. 18. Section 304-B IPC encompasses within its orbit (a) burning; (b) bodily injury; (c) death of a woman otherwise than under normal circumstances; (d) within seven years of her marriage; (e) soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment; (f) by her husband or any relative of her husband & (g) for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry. It has got very wide connotation. We are not saying that she was given poison or she died of strangulation. We simply say that the death of lady was not in natural circumstances. It has got very wide connotation. We are not saying that she was given poison or she died of strangulation. We simply say that the death of lady was not in natural circumstances. It is an admitted fact that she died within 7 years of marriage and therefore, there is no hesitation in coming to the conclusion that the basic elements of offence punishable under Section 304-B IPC are fulfilled. Now, it has to be shown by the prosecution that a demand for dowry was made. That the harassment was such that either she took away her own life or she was done to death. 19. Lord Buddha had said some 2500 years ago that a natural death comes either in the old age or because a person suffers from some incurable disease. Lord Buddha’s philosophy is relevant even today. The victim in this case was neither old enough nor suffering from any incurable disease so as to infer that she died a natural death. At least there is no such evidence on record. 20. There is no presumption of natural death and therefore, in the given circumstances there is no hesitation in coming to the conclusion that it is a case of unnatural death. It has come on evidence that there was presence of poison in the stomach and other parts of the body. The doctor said in the post mortem report that since the exact cause of death could not be ascertained and therefore, viscera was preserved. 21. When the post mortem was conducted on the dead body of Smt. Reeta Devi, aged about 22 years, the following ante mortem injuries were found: (1) Abrasion 10 cm × 0.5 cm present on right side of neck anterio lateral aspect. (2) Abrasion 6 cm × 0.5 cm present on left side of neck anterio lateral aspect. 22. P.W.4 Dr. S.C. Srivastava, District Hospital, Raebareli proved post mortem report (Ext.Ka-2) which was prepared by Dr.V.S. Saxena. On 18.12.1997 Dr. S.C. Srivastava and Dr. V.S. Saxena were posted together at District Hospital Haridwar. On that day at 1:10 p.m. they had conducted post mortem on the dead body of Smt. Reeta Devi. Post mortem report was prepared by Dr. V.S. Saxena. Dr. S.C. Srivastava had given his opinion to which Dr. V.S. Saxena concurred and put his signatures. S.C. Srivastava and Dr. V.S. Saxena were posted together at District Hospital Haridwar. On that day at 1:10 p.m. they had conducted post mortem on the dead body of Smt. Reeta Devi. Post mortem report was prepared by Dr. V.S. Saxena. Dr. S.C. Srivastava had given his opinion to which Dr. V.S. Saxena concurred and put his signatures. The exact cause of death of Smt. Reeta Devi could not be ascertained and therefore, the viscera was preserved. In the cross-examination, Dr. S. C. Srivastava said that Sulphas is an insecticide which is normally used by the farmers. It has a pungent smell and is soluble in water. He said that in the post mortem report it has not been mentioned that there was bad odour coming out from the body of the deceased (because of sulphas). 23. Learned counsel for the appellant has submitted that the report of chemical analyst has not been proved. This argument is thoroughly misconceived in view of Section 293 Cr.P.C., which says : “293. Reports of certain Government scientific experts. (1) Any document purporting to be a report under the hand of a Government scientific expert to whom this section applies, upon any matter or thing duly submitted to him for examination or analysis and report in the course of any proceeding under this Code, may be used as evidence in any inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Code. (2) The Court may, if it thinks fit, summon and examine any such expert as to the subject-matter of this report. (3) Where any such expert is summoned by a Court and he is unable to attend personally, he may, unless the Court has expressly directed him to appear personally, depute any responsible officer working with him to attend the Court, if such officer is conversant with the facts of the case and can satisfactorily depose in Court on his behalf. (4) This section applies to the following Government scientific experts, namely : (a) any Chemical Examiner or Assistant Chemical Examiner to Government; [(b) the Chief Controller of Explosives;] (c) the Director of the Finger Print Bureau; (d) the Director, Haffkeine Institute, Bombay ; (e) the Director [Deputy Director or Assistant Director] of a Central Forensic Science Laboratory or a State Forensic Science Laboratory; (f) the Serologist to the Government. [(g) any other Government scientific expert specified, by notification, by the Central Government for this purpose.]” 24. Of course, the court has power to summon and examine any such expert as to the subject matter of his report. Where any such expert is summoned by a court and he is unable to attend personally, he may, unless the court has expressly directed him to appear personally, depute any responsible officer working with him to attend the court, if such officer is conversant with the facts of the case and can satisfactorily depose in court on his behalf. Prosecution has done the same in this case and the report of FSL has been proved. 25. This court is therefore, of the opinion that the report of FSL, Agra has been proved by the prosecution. We are unable to accept any other submission contrary to that. 26. Smt. Reeta Devi died within 1 ½ years after marriage. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the prosecution has not been able to prove the element of ‘soon before death’. He has submitted that she remained with her parents for 6 months. It is the allegation against the appellant that he demanded Rs. 50,000/- in dowry. The argument of learned counsel for the appellant was that even if the entire evidence be accepted, it is not covered by the definition of ‘dowry death’, as the ingredient of ‘soon before death’ has not been proved. He has also referred to the ruling of Kaliyaperumal v. State of Tamil Nadu, 2003 Criminal Law Journal 4321 in this respect. We are unable to countenance the submission made on behalf of appellant. On the basis of combined reading of Section 304-B IPC, Section 113-B Evidence Act and the facts brought on record, this court is of the view that the moment it is proved that the appellant meted out cruelty or harassed the woman, the presumption will be that the husband or his relatives have caused ‘dowry death’. 27. It was observed in Kaliyaperumal v. State of Tamil Nadu (supra) by Hon’ble Supreme Court as follows: “A conjoint reading of Section 113-B of the Evidence Act and Section 304-B, IPC shows that there must be material to show that soon before her death the victim was subjected to cruelty or harassment. 27. It was observed in Kaliyaperumal v. State of Tamil Nadu (supra) by Hon’ble Supreme Court as follows: “A conjoint reading of Section 113-B of the Evidence Act and Section 304-B, IPC shows that there must be material to show that soon before her death the victim was subjected to cruelty or harassment. Prosecution has to rule out the possibility of a natural or accidental death so as to bring it within the purview of the ‘death occurring otherwise than in normal circumstances’. The expression ‘soon before’ is very relevant where Section 113-B of the Evidence Act and Section 304-B, IPC are pressed into service. Prosecution is obliged to show that soon before the occurrence there was cruelty or harassment and only in that case presumption operates. Evidence in that regard has to be led by prosecution. ‘Soon before’ is a relative term and it would depend upon circumstances of each case and no strait-jacket formula can be laid down as to what would constitute a period of soon before the occurrence. It would be hazardous to indicate any fixed period, and that brings in the importance of a proximity test both for the proof of an offence of dowry death as well as for raising a presumption under Section 113-B of the Evidence Act. The expression ‘soon before her death’ used in the substantive Section 304-B, IPC and Section 113-B of the Evidence Act is present with the idea of proximity test. No definite period has been indicated and the expression ‘soon before’ is not defined. A reference to expression ‘soon before’ used in Section 114. Illustration (a) of the Evidence Act is relevant. It lays down that a Court may presume that a man who is in the possession of goods soon after the theft, is either the thief has received the goods knowing them to be stolen, unless he can account for his possession. The determination of the period which can come within the term ‘soon before’ is left to be determined by the Courts, depending upon facts and circumstances of each case. Suffice, however, to indicate that the expression ‘soon before’ would normally imply that the interval should not be much between the concerned cruelty or harassment and the death in question. There must be existence of a proximate and live-link between the effect of cruelty based on dowry demand and the concerned death. Suffice, however, to indicate that the expression ‘soon before’ would normally imply that the interval should not be much between the concerned cruelty or harassment and the death in question. There must be existence of a proximate and live-link between the effect of cruelty based on dowry demand and the concerned death. If alleged incident of cruelty is remote in time and has become stale enough not to disturb mental equilibrium of the woman concerned, it would be of no consequence.” 28. Learned counsel for the appellant also submitted that the information was given by the son of maternal uncle of the appellant on 17.12.1997 with the police that Smt. Reeta Devi had died. It is all the more surprising that the police recorded the same in the G.D. If it was a case of natural death, why did the appellant sent his maternal uncle’s son to give the information to the police? It does not appear to be a normal behaviour. In how many cases police has recorded entry in the General Diary regarding natural deaths? It indicates that the appellant sent his cousin to the police station only out of fear that it was a case of death otherwise than in normal circumstances. It proved his guilty mind, for, he would not have taken such an abnormal step had the woman died a natural death. If it was a natural death, it was not obligatory upon anybody to have informed the police. 29. So far as the demand of dowry is concerned, an oral evidence of demand is acceptable, if it is direct as indicated in Section 60 of the Indian Evidence Act. In fact, every sentence mentioned in the ruling of Kaliyaperumal v. State of Tamil Nadu, 2003 Criminal Law Journal 4321 goes contrary to the interest of appellant on the basis of evidence which has been made available on record in the instant case. 30. It was also contended on behalf of the appellant that there is inordinate delay in lodging FIR and the same was an after thought. The said submission is contrary to the facts of this case. In fact, the information given by the son of maternal uncle of appellant was deliberate one. He had done it deliberately to camouflage the things and that’s why the FIR was delayed. In the instant case, the police has acted in a manner which is reprehensible. The said submission is contrary to the facts of this case. In fact, the information given by the son of maternal uncle of appellant was deliberate one. He had done it deliberately to camouflage the things and that’s why the FIR was delayed. In the instant case, the police has acted in a manner which is reprehensible. 31. It has also been submitted on behalf of the appellant that there is no link evidence to suggest that it was the same viscera which was sent to F.S.L., Agra. We are unable to agree with the same, for the same was sent in regular course of official business. There is no evidence to the contrary to suggest that a different viscera was sent to FSL, Agra. Learned counsel has further argued that viscera was sent to F.S.L. after 5 months. How does it matter? There is no time limit prescribed for the same. If at all the same was sent after 5 months, it was obliquely aimed to help the appellant, for the police was all out to help the appellant from the very beginning. 32. The law on the subject does not say anything about natural or unnatural death. It says about the death in unnatural circumstances. The moment it is shown or established, the presumption goes against appellant. By enacting Section 304-B IPC and Section 113-B Indian Evidence Act, the legislature had to go to this extent to save the brides. In the instant case the harassment to the lady persisted until before her death. If proximity test is applied, the prosecution has been able to show that harassment on account of non-fulfilment of dowry persisted until before her death. It is not a case in which something intervening happened to mitigate the circumstances. Demand of dowry did subsist till her death. If one is pushed to death, it must be on account of continuous mental pressure on her. It was a case of non-fulfilment of promised dowry. There is no presumption that the same will subside with the passage of time. 33. Learned Addl. Government Advocate has submitted that three limbs of Section 304-B IPC have been proved. The delay in lodging FIR has been explained. No time limit has been prescribed for computing the period of ‘soon before death’. Proximity means ‘direct relationship’. What the prosecution was required to prove was ‘harassment’. 33. Learned Addl. Government Advocate has submitted that three limbs of Section 304-B IPC have been proved. The delay in lodging FIR has been explained. No time limit has been prescribed for computing the period of ‘soon before death’. Proximity means ‘direct relationship’. What the prosecution was required to prove was ‘harassment’. If father/brother of the deceased did not tell anything to police at the time of inquest, it did not indicate that they had exonerated the appellant. Moreover, it is the police version which has emanated from their own document (that the brother & father of victim did not complain anything). Inquest report in the present case is an abhorring document. 34. Post mortem report has not indicated that it was a natural death. So there is no question of presumption of natural death. The argument of learned counsel for the appellant is that aluminium phosphate (insecticide) is commonly known as sulphas and is found in the villages with grains. We are of the view that either the victim was forced to consume insecticide or she was given insecticide forcefully. 35. Harassment cannot be linked to the day one. The shock and trauma under which the father of the deceased might have gone is understandable. If he did not get back to his senses and became mad, that was obvious. He must be undergoing psychological pressure which none of the fathers will be able the fathom. In such circumstances, if he lodged FIR late the reason is obvious and can be well understood. 36. On the basis of evidence thus brought on record, the prosecution has been able to prove the case against the appellant beyond shadow of doubt. We agree with finding arrived at by learned trial court so far as appellant Kailash is concerned. There is no reason to interfere with the conclusion arrived at by learned trial court. A case of ‘dowry death’ has been proved against the husband-appellant. 37. The appeal is accordingly dismissed. The conviction and sentence recorded by the trial court against the accused / appellant Kailash in respect of offence punishable under Section 304 B IPC is hereby affirmed. Accused/appellant Kailash is in jail. Let a copy of this judgment be sent to the Superintendent of Jail concerned, where the accused/ appellant is serving out his sentence. The conviction and sentence recorded by the trial court against the accused / appellant Kailash in respect of offence punishable under Section 304 B IPC is hereby affirmed. Accused/appellant Kailash is in jail. Let a copy of this judgment be sent to the Superintendent of Jail concerned, where the accused/ appellant is serving out his sentence. The convict Kailash will serve out remaining part of the sentence awarded to him by trial court and affirmed by this Court. Let lower court record be sent back for ensuring compliance of this order.