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Rajasthan High Court · body

2012 DIGILAW 930 (RAJ)

Suresh Kumar v. State of Tamil Nadu

2012-04-12

MOOL CHAND MEENA

body2012
eh.kk] lnL;-&gLrxr iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= jktLo e.My jktLFkku vtesj dh ,dyihB }kjk fuxjkuh la[;k 2726@96 esa fnukad 4-10-2006 dks ikfjr fu.kZ; ls O;fFkr gksdj jktLFkku Hkw jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1956 dh /kkjk 86 ds vUrxZr izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA 2- iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= vuqlkj izdj.k ds lqlaxr rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gSa fd vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 rfeyukMw ljdkj dh cdk;k jkf'k dks olwy djus ds fy, ftyk/kh'k ikyh ls fuosnu fd;k x;kA ftyk/kh'k ikyh us vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 dh ekax dks mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ckyh ds ikl Hkstdj fu;ekuqlkj olwyh djus gsrq fy[kkA mi[kaM vf/kdkjh ckyh us vfrfjDr rglhynkj ckyh dks izkFkhZx.k dh py ,oa vpy laifr dqdZ dj olwy fd;s tkus gsrq fy[kkA vfrfjDr rglhynkj ckyh }kjk izkFkhZ la[;k 1 o 2 dh tk;nkn dks dqdZ dj olwyh dk;Zokgh djus ij mi[kaM vf/kdkjh ckyh ds le{k izkFkhZ la[;k 1 o 2 rFkk mudh ekrk vksVhckbZ us vkifRr izLrqr djrs gq, fuosnu fd;k fd dqdZlqnk laifr izkFkhZx.k dh futh laifr gSA tks jkf'k cdk;k crk;h tk jgh gS] og dkfUryky ds uke gS] vr% dkafryky dh lEifr ls gh cdk;k jkf'k olwy dh tkosA mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ckyh us vius vkns'k fnukad 24-6-1996 }kjk izkFkhZx.k dh vkifRr dks vLohdkj djrs gq, vksVhckbZ] ftudk LoxZokl gks pqdk ,oa izkFkhZx.k ftuds okfjlku gS] dk edku uhyke djus ds vkns'k fn;sA rRi'pkr~ izkFkhZx.k us vkns'k fnukad 24-6-1996 ls O;fFkr gksdj jktLo e.My jktLFkku] vtesj ds le{k fuxjkuh ;kfpdk izLrqr dhA mDr fuxjkuh ;kfpdk jktLo e.My jktLFkku] vtesj dh ,dy ihB ds fu.kZ; fnukad 4-10-06 }kjk [kkfjt dj nh xbZA ftlls O;fFkr gksdj gLrxr iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= jktLFkku Hkw-jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1956 dh /kkjk 86 ds vUrxZr izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA 3- mHk; i{k ds vfHkHkk"kdx.k dh cgl lquh xbZA 4- fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd izkFkhZx.k dk dFku gS fd mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ckyh }kjk ikfjr vkns'k Bksl lk{; ij vk/kkfjr ugha gS vkSj e.My dh ,dy ihB }kjk Hkh fu.kZ; fnukad 4-10-2006 ikfjr djrs le; dqdZ fd;s x;s edku ds ekfydkuk gd ckcr dsoy ikuh-fctyh ds fcyksa dks gh vk/kkj cuk;k gS tks fd =qfViw.kZ ,izksp gSA ekuuh; lnL; us izkFkhZ i{k ds bl rdZ ij xkSj gh ugha fd;k fd rfeyukMq ljdkj dh dksbZ cdk;k vxj dkfUryky ds uke ij gS rks Hkh jktLFkku Hkw-jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1956 ds izko/kkuksa ds rgr olwyh ugha dh tk ldrh gSA vr% vkyksP; fu.kZ; vikLr fd;s tkdj iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= Lohdkj fd;k tkosA 5- blds foijhr fo}ku mi jktdh; vfHkHkk"kd dk dFku gS fd izkFkhZx.k v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa fookfnr laifr ckcr vly iV~Vk izLrqr djus esa vleFkZ jgs gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa lk{; ,oa iwNrkN ds vk/kkj ij fookfnr laifr dkafryky dh gh ekuh xbZ gSA iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= esa mYysf[kr rF;ksa dk foospu ,oa fo'ys"k.k dj gh ekuuh; ,dyihB us vkyksP; fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k gSA vc iqu% iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= ds ek/;e ls mUgha fcUnqvksa dks ugha mBk;k tk ldrk gS tks fd ewy fuxjkuh esa mBk;s tkdj fu.khZr fd;s tk pqds gSaA iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= esa ,d Hkh rF; ,slk ugha gS tks fd vfHkys[k ds vkeq[k ls izdV =qfV dh Js.kh esa vkrk gksA vr% gLrxr iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA 6- eSaus fo}ku vfHkHkk"kdx.k mHk;i{k dh cgl ij euu fd;k rFkk i=koyh ij miyC/k vkyksP; fu.kZ; ,oa vfHkys[k dk voyksdu o v/;;u fd;kA 7- e.My dh ,dy ihB }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 4-10-2006 ds voyksdu ls tkfgj gS fd orZeku iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= esa mBk;s x;s lHkh fcUnqvksa ij foospuk djds gh fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA fo}ku ,dy ihB }kjk dh x;h foospuk ,oa fu"d"kZ ds egRoiw.kZ va'k fuEu izdkj gS& ^^mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ckyh ds vkns'k fnukad 24-6-1966 ds ijh{k.k ls ;g izFke n`"V;k tkfgj gksrk gS fd vkifRrdrkZ izkfFkZ;k fuxjkdkj dks lquokbZ dk iwjk ekSdk fn;k x;k gSA fnukad 24-6-96 ds vkns'k ls Li"V gS fd izkfFkZ;k fuxjkdkj vkifRrdrkZ eq- vksVhckbZ ds odhy Jh ehBkyky jkBkSM+ U;kf;d dk;Zokgh esa iwjh rjg mifLFkr jgs gSa vkSj vkifRrdrkZ dh vksj ls mUgksaus cgl dh gSA mudh cgl dks lqudj fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk euu fd;k x;k gSA blfy, izkfFkZ;k dk ;g dFku ekuus ;ksX; ugha gS fd mudks lquokbZ dk ekSdk ugha fn;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd vkifRrdrkZ izkfFkZ;k fuxjkdkj eqruktk edku ckcr vly iV~Vk foys[k Hkh izLrqr djus esa vleFkZ jgs gSaA fofHkUu lk{;ksa xzkeokfl;ksa ls iwNrkN ,oa vU; nhxj tkudkfj;ksa ls izFke n`"V;k fjdkWMZ ls ;g lkfcr gqvk gS fd edku ,oa eqruktk lEifRr rfeyukMq ljdkj ds ckdhnkj dkfUryky ds uke ij gSA ikuh dusD'ku Hkh mlds uke ls gSA-------- mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ckyh }kjk ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 24-6-96 esa fdlh izdkj dh dksbZ dkuwuh [kkeh ugha gSA fuxjkuh dk Ldksi lhfer gksrk gS ,oa mlesa ;gh ns[kk tkuk gS fd D;k U;k;ky;ksa us dkuwu dh O;k[;k djus esa vFkok rF;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus esa dksbZ dkuwuh Hkwy dh gSA orZeku izdj.k esa mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ckyh }kjk ikfjr fd;s x;s vkns'k fnukad 24-6-96 esa bl izdkj dh dksbZ Hkwy fd;k tkuk izrhr ugha gksrk gSA** ¼vkyksP; fu.kZ; is'k 5 o 6½ bl izdkj fo}ku ,dy ihB }kjk mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ckyh ds vkns'k fnukad 24-6-96 dk ijh{k.k fuxjkdkj dh rjQ ls izLrqr rdksZ ds e/;utj foLrkj ls fd;k gS vkSj dkj.k lfgr fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS fd fuxjkuh [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA vc izkFkhZ }kjk iqu% mUgha fcUnqvksa dks gLrxr iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= ds ek/;e ls mBk;k x;k gS ftudh foospuk fo}ku ,dy ihB }kjk vkyksP; fu.kZ; fnukad 4-10-2005 esa dh tk pqdh gSA 8- ;g lqLFkkfir fof/k gS fd iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= esa lQy gksus ds fy, vkyksP; fu.kZ; dks ns[kus ek= ls gh =qfV izdV gksuk vko';d gSA gLrxr iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= esa izkFkhZ }kjk izkFkZuk i= esa vFkok nkSjkus cgl ,slh dksbZ =qfV dh rjQ /;ku ugha fnyk;k gS tks fd vfHkys[k ds vkeq[k ls n`"VO; =qfV ¼ error apparent on the face of record ½ dh Js.kh esa vkrh gksA iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= esa isjk 1 ls 6 rd tks vk/kkj fxuk;s x;s gS] muesa ls ,d Hkh ,slk ugha gS tks fdlh fu.kZ; ds iqufoZyksdu dk vk/kkj cu ldsA mDr isjk 1 ls 6 esa tks vk/kkj of.kZr fd;s x;s gS] mu ij e.My dh ,dy ihB ewy fuxjkuh ds fu.kZ; ds oDr fopkj dj pqdh gSA tks fcUnq ,d ckj fu.khZr fd;s tk pqds gS] mu ij iqufoZyksdu ds ek/;e ls iqu% fopkj.k ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA oSls Hkh izdj.k vUrxZr ftl edku ds ekfydkuk gd dks ysdj fookn fd;k x;k gS og ,slk fcUnq gS ftl ij ,dy ihB }kjk vius fu.kZ; fnukad 4-10-2006 esa fu"d"kkZdu fd;k tk pqdk gSA vxj izkFkhZ mDr fu"d"kZ dks lgh ugha ekurk gS rks Hkh mldh vkifRr ij iqufoZyksdu izdj.k esa fopkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA 9- /kkjk 86 jktLFkku Hkw jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1956 vkSj vkns'k 47 fu;e 1 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds vUrxZr iqufoZyksdu dk ifj{ks= ¼ scope ½ vR;Ur lhfer gS vkSj AIR 1995 SC page 455 lfgr U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa dh ,d yEch Ja`[kyk gS ftlesa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd iqufoZyksdu dk izko/kku vihy dk LFkku ugha ys ldrk gSA izsejkt cuke Jherh euHkjnsoh ds izdj.k ¼2010 vkjvkjMh 254½ ds isjk 6-3 esa ;Fkk mn~/k`r jktLFkku jkT; tfj;s rglhynkj tks/kiqj cuke 'kkSdr[kku vkfn ds izdj.k esa jktLo e.My dh ,dy ihB }kjk iqufoZyksdu ds fl)kUrksa ds lEcU/k esa fuEu izdkj izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS fd& "(a) Hon'ble Supreme Court and the Hon'ble High Court have held in several matters that the remedy of review is not an instrument for re-examination of the facts and it cannot be utilized as an instrument for re-writing the judgment. The scope of review does not provide an opportunity of an extra appeal. It has been held that even when judgment is erroneous the scope of review is not attracted. (b) The scope of review is very limited and review is not the method of re-examination of a judgment. It even does not give any scope to the court to sit in appeal over the judgment pronounced by the same court. The scope permits only to correct the mistakes which are apparent on the face of the record. Hon'ble Supreme Court in Smt. Meera Bhanja vs. Nirmala Kumari Chaudhary, AIR 1995 SC page 544 clearly held that the error apparent on the face of the record should be such which should strike immediately looking at the face of the record and which does not require any long drawn process of reasoning or examination of law. The courts are not supposed to re-appreciate the evidence but only restrict themselves for correction of the mistakes which are visible on the face of the record. In Ajit Kumar Rath vs. Orissa State AIR 2000 SC 85 , the Hon'ble Apex Court has held that the power is not absolute and it is subject to restrictions indicated in Order 47 CPC. A review cannot be claimed as a remedy for a fresh hearing or for correction of an erroneous view taken earlier. (c) The power of review can be exercised only for correction of patent error of law or fact which stares on the face without any elaborate argument being needed in establishing it. The error apparent on the face of the record is one which is self-evident and does not require a process of reasoning and it is distinct from erroneous decision. Rehearing the matter or detecting an error in the earlier decision and then correcting the same do not fall within the ambit of the jurisdiction of review. Jurisdiction of review cannot be used as an appellate jurisdiction in disguise. Rehearing the matter or detecting an error in the earlier decision and then correcting the same do not fall within the ambit of the jurisdiction of review. Jurisdiction of review cannot be used as an appellate jurisdiction in disguise. Hon'ble Supreme Court in State of Haryana vs. Mohinder Singh 2003 (1) WLC (SC) page 499 considered the scope of review under Order 47 Rule 1 CPC which is reproduced here:- "Civil Procedure Code O. 47 Rule 1 - Scope - Hearing of review does not mean giving one more chance for rehearing matter already disposed of- High Court in hearing review as if it was rehearing whole petition overstepped its limits-Order of High Court set aside and original order restored." 10- ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk 2005 RBJ (12) page 290 esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd& "The scope of review is very limited. It has been clearly held in a catena of cases that a judgment order may be open to review under Order 47 Rule 1 CPC if there is a mistake or an error apparent on the face of the record. An error which is not self-evident and has to be detected by process of reasoning can hardly be said to be an error apparent on the face of record justifying exercise of power of review. In exercise of jurisdiction under Order 47 Rule 1 CPC, it is not permissible for an erroneous decision to be re-heard and corrected. There is clearly distinction between `an erroneous decision' and `an error apparent on the face of the record.' While the former can be corrected by higher forum, the latter can be corrected by exercise of review jurisdiction. In exercise of jurisdiction under Order 47 Rule 1 CPC, it is not permissible for an erroneous decision to be re-heard and corrected. There is clearly distinction between `an erroneous decision' and `an error apparent on the face of the record.' While the former can be corrected by higher forum, the latter can be corrected by exercise of review jurisdiction. A review petition has, therefore, a limited purpose and can not be allowed to be an appeal in disguise." 11- mijksDr U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fl)kUrksa ds voyksdu ls ;g Li"V gS fd xyr fu.kZ; ¼erroneous decision½ vkSj vfHkys[k dks ns[kus ek= ls n`"VO; =qfV ¼ an error apparent on the face of the record ½ esa vUrj gSA iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= esa xyr fu.kZ; dks lgh ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS vfirq ek= vfHkys[k dks ns[kus ek= ls n`"VO; =qfV ¼ an error apparent on the face of the record ½ dks gh Bhd fd;k tk ldrk gSA gLrxr izdj.k esa izkFkhZ }kjk tks vk/kkj vius iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= ds iSjk 1 ls 6 esa of.kZr fd;s x;s gS] muds lEcU/k esa ;fn fo}ku ,dy ihB }kjk] izkFkhZ ds n`f"Vdks.k vuqlkj] lgh fu"d"kkZdu ugha Hkh fd;k x;k gS rks fu.kZ; fnukad 4-10-2006 xyr ¼ erroneous ½ gks ldrk gS fdUrq Hkwy ¼ by mistake ½ ls fd;k x;k fu.kZ; ugha gS vkSj ,slk fu.kZ; iqufoZyksdu ds lhfer ifj{ks= esa ugha vkrk gSA ;fn izkFkhZ mDr fu.kZ; ls O;fFkr gS rks iqufoZyksdu ds ctk; mls fof/k esa miyC/k vU; mipkj ryk'k djuk pkfg;sA 12- mijksDrkuqlkj fd;s x;s foospu ds vk/kkj ij bl U;k;ky; dk ;g lqfopkfjr fu"d"kZ gS fd gLrxr iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= lkjghu gksus ls [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA 13- ifj.kker% gLrxr iqufoZyksdu izkFkZuk i= [kkfjt fd;k tkrk gSA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA