'kekZ] lnL;-&jkT 'kklu dh vksj ls ;g jsQjsal izdj.k jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1955 dh /kkjk 232 ds varxZr ftyk dysDVj] ckM+esj ds fu.kZ; fnukad 31-3-2006 ds vk/kkj ij izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA 2- gLrxr izdj.k ds la{ksi esa rF; bl izdkj gS fd xzke cwB jkBkSM+ku rglhy pkSgVu esa [kljk uEcj 484 jdck 328 ch?kk 7 fcLok Hkwfe Fkh Qdhjk iq= Jh jkork oxSjg ,oa eq- js'kek csok Jh dkuk Hkhy dh lg [kkrsnkjh esa ntZ FkhA bl lg [kkrsnkjh Hkwfe esa ls 82 ch?kk 1 fcLok Hkwfe dk cspku lg [kkrsnkj Jh Qdhjk iq= Jh jkork us Jh tke iq= Jh ckyw eqlyeku ds i{k esa iathd`r foØ; lays[k fnukad 21-11-56 ls cspku dj fn;kA ;g cspku jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 42 ds foijhr gksus ds dkj.k rglhynkj] pkSgVu us vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 175 ds varxZr lgk;d dysDVj] ckM+esj ds le{k vkosnu i= izLrqr fd;k ftUgksaus vius fu.kZ; fnukad 18-11-85 ls rglhynkj }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= dks [kkfjt dj fn;kA rglhynkj us bl fu.kZ; ls vlarq"V gksdj ftyk dysDVj] ckM+esj ds le{k ,d jsQjsal izdj.k izLrqr djrs gq, fuosnu fd;k fd lgk;d dysDVj }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 18-11-85 jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 42 ds izko/kku ds foijhr gS vr% bl fu.kZ; ,oa fMØh dks fujLr djokus ds fy, jsQjsal izLrqr fd;k tkosA ftyk dysDVj] ckM+esj us ckn tkap bl izdj.k dks jsQjsal ;ksX; ik;k rFkk ftlds vk/kkj ij ;g jsQjsal izdj.k bl U;k;ky; esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA 3- mHk; i{k ds fo}ku vf/koDrkvksa dh cgl lquh xbZA 4- fo}ku jktdh; vf/koDrk dk cgl esa dFku gS fd jkT; 'kklu }kjk bl izdj.k esa fnukad 15-1-80 dks vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 175 ds vUrxZr izdj.k izLrqr dj dFku fd;k x;k fd xzke cwB jkBkSM+ku ds [kljk uEcj 484@585 jdck 82 ch?kk 1 fcLok dk cspku Jh Qdhjk oYn Jh jkork Hkhy us Jh tke iq= Jh gkth ckyw eqlyeku ds i{k esa iathd`r foØ; foys[k fnukad 21-11-56 ls fd;k gS rFkk ;g foØ; vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 42 ds izko/kkuksa ds varxZr gS vr% iz'uxr Hkwfe dks flok; pd ?kksf"kr fd;k tkosA mudk dFku gS fd v/khuLFk ijh{k.k U;k;ky; us bl izdj.k dks dsoy fe;kn ds rduhdh fcUnq ij [kkfjt dj fn;kA mUgksaus dFku fd;k fd ftl fnu ijh{k.k U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; gqvk Fkk ml fnu bl izdj.k esa rhl o"kZ dks fe;kn fu/kkZfjr Fkh rFkk ftyk dysDVj }kjk bl izdj.k esa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 42 dk mYyaU?ku ekudj bl izdj.k dks jsQjsal ;ksX; ik;k gSA mudk dFku gS fd ftyk dysDVj dks vkj-vkj-Mh- 2000 i`"B 88 ds vk/kkj ij bl izdj.k dks dsoy fe;kn ds rduhdh vk/kkjksa ij gh ugha ns[kk tkuk pkfg;sA mudk dFku gS fd ;g rF; fufoZokn gS fd iz'uxr Hkwfe dk foØ; vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds O;fDr }kjk xSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds O;fDr dks gqvk gS tks fof/k }kjk Li"V :i ls oftZr gS rFkk jkT; 'kklu dh yksduhfr ds fo:) gS vr% fe;kn ds fcUnq dks utjvankt djrs gq, jkT; 'kklu }kjk izLrqr jsQjsal izdj.k dks Lohdkj fd;k tkosA 5- fo}ku vf/koDrk vizkFkhZx.k dk cgl esa dFku gS fd iz'uxr Hkwfe dk cspku fnukad 21-11-56 dks gqvk Fkk rFkk bldk ukekUrjdj.k fnukad 15-4-61 dks Lohd`r fd;k x;kA jkT; 'kklu }kjk vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 175 ds vUrxZr fnukad 15-1-80 dks lgk;d dysDVj ds U;k;ky; esa vkosnu i= izLrqr fd;k x;k gS rFkk o"kZ 1980 esa /kkjk 175 ds izdj.k izLrqr djus dk fe;kn ek= rhu o"kZ FkhA fo}ku vf/koDrk us cgl esa vkxs dFku fd;k fd jktLFkku dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 42 esa la'kks/ku fnukad 22-9-56 dks fd;k x;k rFkk fnukad 1-4-64 ls la'kks/ku djrs gq, ,sls O;ogkjksa dks O;FkZ ?kksf"kr djus dk izko/kku tksM+k x;kA fo}ku vf/koDrk us cgl esa dFku fd;k fd pwafd bl izdj.k esa iz'uxr Hkwfe dk foØ; fnukad 21-11-56 dks fu"ikfnr gqvk gS rFkk bldk ukekUrjdj.k fnukad 15-4-61 dks gh Lohd`r gks pqdk FkkA bl izdkj ;g lEiw.kZ dk;Zokgh izkjEHk ls gh O;FkZ ugha gS D;ksafd jkT; 'kklu }kjk fnukad 1-4-64 dks ,sls lkSnksa dks O;FkZ ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk us dFku fd;k fd bl izdj.k esa fe;kn dk fcUnq cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ gSA pwafd iz'uxr Hkwfe ds foØ; ds fnu fe;kn dsoy rhu o"kZ dh Fkh rFkk fe;kn Lor% iqu%thZfor ugha gksrh & fo}ku vf/koDrk us dFku fd;k fd bl U;k;ky; dh o`g½ ihB }kjk Jh euhyky cuke Jh Hkhek esa ikfjr fu.kZ; ¼vkjvkjMh 1981 i`"B 624½ esa bl vk'k; dk Li"V vfHker O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA mUgksaus vkj-vkj-Mh- 1987 i`"B 519] 1992 vkj-vkj-Mh- i`"B 386] 2006¼1½ vkj-vkj-Vh- 383] 2002 vkj-vkj-Vh- ¼1½ i`"B 408] 2005 vkj-vkj-Vh- ¼1½ i`"B 162] 2007 vkj-ch-ts- i`"B 31 ,oa 1996 Mh-,u-ts- jkt- i`"B 100 ds U;kf;d n`"VkUr Hkh viuh cgl ds leFkZu esa izLrqr fd;s ftudk /;kuiwoZd voyksdu fd;k x;kA 6- mHk; i{k ds fo}ku vf/koDrkvksa dh cgl ij euu fd;k x;k ,oa vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA 7- bl izdj.k esa ;g ,d fufoZokn fLFkfr gS fd bl izdj.k esa lafyIr d`f"k Hkwfe ds [kkrsnkj Jh Qdhjk Hkhy Fks tks vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds gS rFkk mUgksaus vius fgLls dh Hkwfe dk cspku iathd`r foØ; lays[k ls fnukad 21-11-56 dks xSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds O;fDr;ksa dks fd;k gSA ;g ,d rF;kRed fLFkfr gS fd iz'uxr Hkwfe ds cspku ds fnu vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 175 ds vUrxZr dk;Zokgh djus dh fe;kn ek= rhu o"kZ FkhA ;g Hkh rF;kRed :i ls lgh gS fd bl izdj.k esa vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 175 ds varxZr rglhynkj] pkSgVu }kjk izdj.k lgk;d dysDVj ds le{k fnukad 15-1-80 dks izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk tks dsoy fe;kn ds fcUnq ij gh [kkfjt fd;k x;k gSA 8- bl izdj.k esa ftyk dysDVj ds fu.kZ; fnukad 31-3-2006 esa eq[;r% bl dFku ij cy fn;k x;k gS fd vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds O;fDr;ksa dh [kkrsnkjh dh Hkwfe vU; O;fDr;ksa dks gLrkUrfjr ugha gks ldrh rFkk ;g gLrkUrj.k dkuwuu oftZr gSa mUgksaus ;g Hkh vfHker O;Dr fd;k gS fd bl izdkj ds izdj.kksa esa fe;kn ds rduhdh fcUnqvksa ds vk/kkj ij fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k tkuk mfpr ugha gSA mUgksaus ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk vkj-vkj-Mh- 2000 i`"B 88 esa m)fjr U;kf;d n`"VkUr ds vk/kkj ij bl izdkj ds izdj.kksa esa fe;kn ds fcUnq dks mnkjrk ds lkFk ns[ks tkus dk vfHker izdV fd;k gSA 9- bl U;k;ky; us fo}ku vf/koDrk vizkFkhZ }kjk izLrqr n`"VkUrksa dk llEeku voyksdu fd;k gSA ;g rF;kRed :i ls lgh gS fd vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 175 ds varxZr izLrqr ;g izdj.k vf/kfu;e ds varxZr iznRr izko/kkuksa ds varxZr mYysf[kr le; lhek esa izLrqr ugha gqvkA ;g U;k;ky; fo}ku vf/koDrk ds bl rdZ ls Hkh lger gS fd rduhdh :i ls fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;k fu.kZ; lgh gS D;ksafd ;g izdj.k fe;kn ds fcUnq ij gh [kkfjt fd;k x;k gSA ;g U;k;ky; bl izdj.k esa lafyIr foØ; vuqca/k dks jkT; 'kklu dh yksduhfr o dkuwu }kjk oftZr vuqca/kksa dh Js.kh esa ekurk gS rFkk blh vk/kkj ij ,sls vuqca/k izkjEHk ls gh O;FkZ gksrs gSaA ;g U;k;ky; bl fof/kd fLFkfr ds izfr Hkh tkx:d gS fd dk'rdkjh vf/kfu;e ,d fof'k"V vf/kfu;e gS ftldh fe;kn bl vf/kfu;e esa i`Fkd ls iznRr dh xbZ gSA ysfdu 'kklu dh yksduhfr o dkuwu esa Li"V :i ls oftZr vuqca/kksa dh izorZuh;rk dks bl fof'k"V vf/kfu;e esa T;knk mnkj ugha cuk;k x;k gSA vr% bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;g U;k;ky; fe;kn ds rudhdh fcUnq ds laca/k esa viuk i`Fkd ls n`f"Vdks.k j[krk gSA 10- geus fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; fnukad 18-12-85 dk /;kuiwoZd voyksdu fd;k gSA ijh{k.k U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; fnukad 18-12-85 esa dsoy fe;kn ds fcUnq ds vk/kkj ij gh jkT; 'kklu }kjk izLrqr okn dks [kkfjt fd;k gS D;ksafd bl izdj.k esa ;g rF; fufoZokn gSSS fd iz'uxr Hkwfe Jh Qdhjk oYn Jh jkork Hkhy tks fd vuqlwfpr tutkfr ls gS] dh [kkrsnkjh dh Fkh tks fnukad 21-11-56 dks e`rd Jh tke iq= gkth ckyw eqlyeku ¼lkekU; tkfr½ dks iathd`r foØ; lays[k ls cspku dh xbZ gSA ;g rF; Hkh fufoZokn gS fd iz'uxr Hkwfe dk ;g cspku dkuwu }kjk oftZr ¼Forbidden by law½ gSA ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ,oa jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; us Hkh bl izdkj ds foØ; vuqca/kksa dks ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1974 loksZPp U;k;ky; o 1979 vkj-vkj-Mh- i`"B 207 ds U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa esa izorZuh; ugha ekuk gS rFkk ,sls foØ; vuqca/k] tks O;FkZ gS] os fdlh Øsrk dks dksbZ vf/kdkj iznku ugha djrsA bl izdkj ds foØ; lays[k ds vk/kkj ij Lohd`r ukekUrjdj.k Hkh izkjEHk ls gh O;FkZ gSA ekuuh; jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB }kjk Jh jkepUnz cuke Jh vkse izdk'k ds izdj.k ¼vkj-vkj-Mh- 1979 i`"B 207½ esa bl laca/k esa Li"V :i ls fuEu vfHker izdV fd;k gS& The sale in question is, therefore, in contravention of the proviso to Section 42, which categorically forbids the sale by a member of the scheduled caste or scheduled tribe in favour of persons who are not members of that class. The sale in question is, therefore, forbidden by law within the meaning of Section 23 of the Indian Contract Act. It is well settled that where a contract, which a party seeks to enforce, is expressly or by implication forbidden by any law, no court will lend its assistance to give it effect. In this connection we may refer to Whiteman vs. Sadler (1910 A.C. 514, 625), Dip Narain vs. Nagesher (28 ALJ 45 FB); Anderson vs. Daniel (1924) 1 KB 138 : 93 LJ KB 97) : Hosthy V Westby (2 Dr. W 520); Hormasji V Pestanji (13 B 422); and Munshi V C, Board (19542 O 99); which lend support to our view. W 520); Hormasji V Pestanji (13 B 422); and Munshi V C, Board (19542 O 99); which lend support to our view. 11- tgka rd fe;kn ds fcUnq dk iz'u gS ;g ,d LFkkfir fof/kd fLFkfr gS fd fe;kn dks rduhdh fcUnq ds :i esa ugha ns[kk tkdj O;ofLFkr U;k; ds fcUnq dks dsfUnzr dj ns[kk tkuk pkfg;sA bl izdj.k fo'ks"k esa i{kdkjksa ds chp gqvk ;g foØ; vuqca/k 'kkldh; yksduhfr ds fo:) gS ,oa fof/k }kjk oftZr Hkh gSA ;fn fdUgh yksd lsodksa dh ykijokgh] f'kfFkyrk ;k feyhHkxr ds dkj.k dksbZ nkok le; ij izLrqr ugha fd;k tkrk gS rks ,sls yksduhfr ls tqM+s izdj.kksa dks dsoy fe;kn ds rduhdh fcUnq ij [kkfjt ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA 12- bl izdj.k ls lacaf/kr ?kVukvksa dh Ja`[kyk dks ;fn ge O;ofLFkr dj voyksdu djsa rks ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd ;g foØ; dk vuqca/k Hkkjrh; vuqca/k vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 23 ds varxZr fof/klEer ugha Fkk rFkk ;g vuqca/k jkT; dh yksduhfr ds Hkh fo:) FkkA ;fn rRdkyhu rglhynkj }kjk bl izdj.k dks le; ij l{ke U;k;ky; esa izLrqr dj fn;k tkrk rks bl izdj.k esa jkT; 'kklu dk okn vlQy gksus dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha FkkA ysfdu rRdkyhu yksd lsodksa }kjk viuh ykijokgh ;k i{kdkjksa ds lkFk feyhHkxr ls vius drZO; dk lgh le; ij fuoZgu ugha fd;k x;kA ;g ,d fopkj.kh; fcUnq gS fd D;k yksd lsodksa dh feyhHkxr ;k f'kfFkyrk lafo/kku esa iznRr izko/kkuksa ;k jkT; yksduhfr ds fof/kd izko/kkuksa dks fu"Qy djus gsrq i;kZIr gS rFkk ,sls vihyk/khu fu.kZ;ksa dks O;kid U;k;fgr o tufgr esa vihyh; U;k;ky;ksa }kjk fof/klEer gksuk djkj fn;k tkuk mfpr gS\ bl U;k;ky; dk ;g lqfopkfjr er gS fd fe;kn tSls rduhdh vk/kkjksa ij yksduhfr ds fo:) ,oa fof/k }kjk oftZr vuqca/kksa dks izorZuh; djkj nsuk fdlh Hkh n`f"V ls mfpr ugha gSA ,sls izdj.kksa esa U;k;fgr o yksduhfr dh izorZuh;rk U;k;ky;ksa ds fy, loksZifj gS rFkk mldk fØ;kUo;u dBksjrk ls fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA 13- ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us dukZVdk jkT; cuke okbZ- eksbnhu dqUgha ¼e`rd½ ds fof/kd okfjl ¼,vkbZvkj 2009 loksZPp U;k;ky; 2577 esa Li"V :i ls ;g vfHker izdV fd;k gS fd yksdfgr ,oa yksduhfr ls tqM+s egRoiw.kZ izdj.kksa esa fe;kn ds fcUnq dks jktdh; dkfeZdksa dh f'kfFkyrk dks ns[krs gq, mnkjrk ls fy;k tkuk pkfg;sA mUgksaus bl izdj.k esa dukZVdk jkT; }kjk izLrqr fo'ks"k ;kfpdk dks Lohdkj dj fy;kA ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ds lqlaxr va'k fuEu izdkj gS& It is a matter of concern that in very serious matters action is not taken as required under law and the appeals/petitions are filed after long lapse of time. It is a common grievance that it is so done to protect unscrupulous litigants at the cost of public interest or public exchequer. This stand is more noticeable where vast tracts of land or large sums of revenue are involved. Even though the courts are liberal in dealing with the belated presentation of appeals/applications.... keeping in view the importance of question of law which are involved we are inclined to condone the delay subject to payment of exemplary costs. blh izdkj ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us uwjnqn~nhu cuke MkW- ds-,y- vkuUn ¼ 1995(1) SCC 242 ½ ds fu.kZ; esa ;g Li"V :i ls fu.khZr fd;k gS fd U;k;ky;ksa dks dkuwu dh loksZifjrk dks dk;e j[kus ds fy, fe;kn tSls rduhdh fcUnq ij mnkjrk ls fopkj djuk pkfg;sA ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us bl izdj.k esa fuEu vfHker izdV fd;k gS& The object of law is to mete out justice. Right to the right, title or interest of a party in the immovable property is a substantive right. But the right to an adjudication of the dispute in that behalf is a procedural right to which no one has a vested right. The faith of the people in the efficacy of law is the saviour of and succour for the sustenance of the rule of law. Any weakening like in the judicial process would rip apart the edifice of justice and create a feeling of disillusionment in the minds of the people of the very law and courts. The rules of procedure have been devised as a channel or a means to render substantive or at best substantial justice which is the highest interest of man and Alma meter for the mankind. It is a foundation for orderly human relations. Equally the judicial process should never become an instrument of oppression or abuse or a means in the process of the court to subvert justice. It is a foundation for orderly human relations. Equally the judicial process should never become an instrument of oppression or abuse or a means in the process of the court to subvert justice. 14- mijksDr U;kf;d n`"VkUr ds izdk'k esa ;g U;k;ky; lgk;d dysDVj }kjk ikfjr fd;s x;s fu.kZ; dks fof/k lEer ugha ikrk gS D;ksafd ;g fu.kZ; dsoy fe;kn ds rudhdh vk/kkjksa ij ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA ;fn vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds O;fDr;ksa dh [kkrsnkjh Hkwfe dk gLrkUrj.k bl izdj.k dh ?kVukvksa ds vuqlkj gh gksrk jgs ,oa jkT; 'kklu }kjk izLrqr izdj.kksa dks dsoy fe;kn ds fcUnq ij gh [kkfjt fd;k tkrk jgs rks jkT; dh yksduhfr o izpfyr fof/kd izko/kkuksa dk dksbZ egRo ugha jg tk;sxk rFkk os dsoy iqLrdksa esa gh jg tk;saxsA 15- mijksDr foospu ds vk/kkj ij ;g U;k;ky; fo}ku ftyk dysDVj] ckM+esj }kjk ikfjr fd;s x;s fu.kZ; ds vk/kkj ij izLrqr bl jsQjsal izdj.k dks Lohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; ikrk gS vr% jkT; ljdkj }kjk izLrqr ;g jsQjsal izdj.k Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA v/khuLFk ijh{k.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;k fu.kZ; fnukad 18-11-85 vikLr fd;k tkrk gSA rglhynkj }kjk izLrqr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 175 dk okn Lohdkj ,oa fMØh fd;k tkrk gSA rglhynkj dks funsZ'k gS fd os iz'uxr Hkwfe dks jktdh; Hkwfe ds :i esa ntZ djsaA fu.kZ; [kqys U;k;ky; esa lquk;k x;kA