Judgment : 1. A Food Inspector of Food and Drug Administration, Aurangabad has filed the complaint against a vendor of 'Manikchand Gutkha'. The owners of vendor Company, M/s. Shailesh Trading Company, Aurangabad, are also made accused. The petitioners are Directors of manufacturing Company M/s. Dhariwal Tobacco Products Ltd., Unit No. 2, Borhade Mala, Shirur, District Pune and they are also accused in the case. The complaint is filed for contravention of provisions of sections 2 (ia) (a), section 7 (i), 7 (v) r/w. Rule 62 which is punishable under section 16 (i) (a) (ii) and section 17 of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 (hereinafter referred to as "the Act" for short). Samples of 'Manikchand Gutkha' were collected by the Food Inspector and they were found to be adulterated. Harmful and prohibited substance Magnessium Carbonate was detected in the samples. Both the sides are heard. 2. In the present proceeding, prayer is made for quashing of the proceeding of aforesaid private complaint, which is at present given number as S.C.C. No. 24 of 2011 and which is pending in the Court of Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Aurangabad. Following two grounds were argued in this proceeding for the petitioner. (i) One R.E. Dayma has been appointed as nominee of the Company under section 17 (2) of the Act and so, the prosecution of the petitioners, Directors, is not possible, and (ii) There are no specific allegations made against the petitioners as required under section 17 of the Act and so, the proceeding cannot be allowed to continue against them. 3. As per the record, the Food Inspector collected samples of 'Manikchand Gutkha' on 24.7.1997. It is the case of petitioners that Shri. Dayama was appointed as nominee on 25.8.1997 (para 9 of the petition). It is contended that as the report of analysis was received on 13.4.1998 and as the complaint was filed on 17.4.1998 and then cognizance was taken by the Magistrate of offences, the relevant date is 13.4.1998 for consideration of the existence of nominee. A copy of so called nomination made in form VIII of the Appendix of the Act is produced on the record. This document shows that it was handed over to Local (Health) Authority on 25.8.1997 and it was accepted on that day by the nominee. 4. A copy of so called nomination made in form VIII of the Appendix of the Act is produced on the record. This document shows that it was handed over to Local (Health) Authority on 25.8.1997 and it was accepted on that day by the nominee. 4. For the petitioners, reliance was placed on the case reported as All India Prevention of Food Adulteration Journal VII-1998 page No. 334 Supreme Court of India [State of Rajasthan Vs. Sanjay Kumar and Ors.]. On the basis of observations made in this case by the Apex Court, another submission was also made for the petitioner that the relevant date for consideration of nomination would be the date on which the Magistrate takes cognizance of the offence. This Court has carefully gone through the facts of the reported case and the observations made by the Apex Court. The Apex Court has considered the provisions of sections 468 and 469 of Criminal Procedure Code, the provisions of limitation for taking cognizance of the offence. The Apex Court has held that section 468 (1) (b) of Cr.P.C. would be applicable for taking cognizance of the offence for the purpose of limitation when the case is required to be filed after getting report of the Government Analyst. The case was filed under the provisions of Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. It is held that the date of knowledge, that the drugs offered for sale were sub-standard, is relevant and so, the date of report of Government Analyst would be relevant. Thus, the reported case was altogether on different point. In the case like present one, the date of offence would be the date of collection of sample by the Officer of the Department, though for the purpose of limitation, the aforesaid observations made by the Apex Court need to be used. The relevant provisions on this point are present in the Act itself and they show that there is no force in the aforesaid submissions made for the petitioners. 5. As per the record the nomination is accepted on 25.8.1997, when the sample was collected on 24.7.1997. The relevant provisions in this regard are the provisions of section 17 (1) (2) and (3) and the Rules made under the Act i.e. Rule 12-B, 12-C. The particulars of form No. VIII given in Appendix-A are also relevant in this regard. The provisions are as under:- "17. The relevant provisions in this regard are the provisions of section 17 (1) (2) and (3) and the Rules made under the Act i.e. Rule 12-B, 12-C. The particulars of form No. VIII given in Appendix-A are also relevant in this regard. The provisions are as under:- "17. Offences by Companies --(1) Where an offence under this Act has been committed by a company-- (a) (i) the person, if any, who has been nominated under sub-section (2) to be in charge of, and responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company (hereafter in this section referred to as the person responsible), or (ii) where no person has been so nominated, every person who at the time of offence was committed was in charge of, and was responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company; and (b) the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly: Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any punishment provided in this Act if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge and that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence. (2) Any company may, by order in writing, authorise any of its directors or managers (such manager being employed mainly in a managerial or supervisory capacity) to exercise all such powers and take all such steps as may be necessary or expedient to prevent the commission by the company of any offence under this Act and may give notice to the Local (Health) Authority, in such form and in such manner as may be prescribed, that it has nominated such director or manager as the person responsible, alongwith the written consent of such director or manager for being so nominated. Explanation.- Where a company has different establishments or branches or different units in any establishment or branch, different persons may be nominated under this sub-section in relation to different establishments or branches or units and the person nominated in relation to any establishment, branch or unit shall be deemed to be the person responsible in respect of such establishment, branch or unit. (3) The person nominated under sub-section (2) shall, until - (i) further notice cancelling such nomination is received from the company by the Local (Health) Authority; or (ii) he ceases to be a director or, as the case may be, manager of the company, or (iii) he makes a request in writing to the Local (Health) Authority, under intimation to the company, to cancel the nomination [which request shall be complied with by the Local (Health) Authority], whichever is the earliest, continue to be the person responsible: Provided that where such person ceases to be a director or, as the case may be, manager of the company, he shall intimate the fact of such cesser to the Local (Health) Authority: Provided further that where such person makes a request under clause (iii) the Local (Health) Authority shall not cancel such nomination with effect from a date earlier than the date on which the request is made." Rule - "12-B. Form of nomination of Director or Manager and his consent under section 17.-- (1) A company may inform the Local (Health) Authority of the concerned local area, by notice in duplicate, in Form VIII containing the name and address of the Director or Manager, who has been nominated by it under sub-section (2) of section 17 of the Act to be in charge of, an responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company or any establishment, branch or unit thereof: Provided that no such nomination shall be valid unless the Director or Manager who has been so nominated, gives his consent in writing and has affixed his signature, in Form VIII in duplicate in token of such consent. (2) The Local (Health) Authority shall sign and return on copy of the notice in Form VIII of the company to signify the receipt of the nomination and retain the second copy in his office for record. 12-C. Vendor to disclose name and address of Director/Manager in certain circumstances.--Every vendor of an article of food shall disclose the name and address of the Director or Manager, as the case may be, nominated in Form VIII under rule 12-B to a purchaser who informs such vendor of his intention of purchasing any such article from him for analysis by a Public Analyst under section 12 of the Act." 6. The form No. VIII given for Rule 12-B shows that the nominee needs to be appointed by Company by resolution passed at the meeting of the Company. If there is nomination, aforesaid particulars, which are necessary to be proved for proving that nominee was conducting the business of Company are required to be mentioned. Along with the form in which notice is required to be given to the Local (Health) Authority, a certified copy of aforesaid resolution is required to be submitted. This form is required to be signed by Managing Director/Secretary for the Company. In the form, there is portion showing that in pursuance of section 17 of the Act and Rule 12-B, the nominee has accepted the nomination. The date of acceptance of nomination is required to be mentioned. At the bottom, the Local (Health) Authority is expected to make endorsement after receipt of the form in token of acknowledging the receipt of the nomination. The date of acceptance is also required to be mentioned. 7. The aforesaid provisions show that the nomination cannot be valid unless it is accepted by the nominee in the aforesaid way. The aforesaid provisions are sufficient to infer that the nomination would be valid only when it is made after following the aforesaid procedure and on the date when it is accepted by the nominee and the acceptance is informed to Local (Health) Authority by the nominee. 8. The starting line of section 17 of the Act shows that for the purpose of this section the date of offence is relevant and so, on the date of collection of sample, the nomination must be in existence. 9. There is alarming increase in the adulteration of food articles and use of even harmful substances in article like Gutkha. The report of Analyst shows that Magnessium Carbonate detected in Gutkha is injurious to health. Strictness needs to be shown to enforce the provisions of the Act. The Courts are not expected to give relief in such a case, when granting of relief will be in conflict with the statutory provisions. If the persons incharge of affairs of concerned Company are allowed to appoint nominee under section 17 (2) of the Act, after the commission of the offence, it will be like allowing a rich person to purchase an employee, who would undertake criminal liability for offence already committed. If the persons incharge of affairs of concerned Company are allowed to appoint nominee under section 17 (2) of the Act, after the commission of the offence, it will be like allowing a rich person to purchase an employee, who would undertake criminal liability for offence already committed. This Court holds that the interpretation as suggested by the learned counsel for the petitioner cannot be accepted as it would be against the spirit of law and such interpretation will defeat the very purpose of the Act. Thus, the petitioners have no case on the first ground. 10. For consideration of the second ground, the record produced by the petitioners needs to be seen first. The aforesaid provisions are also relevant for consideration of the second ground. The petitioner No. 1 is the father of petitioner No. 2. Their Company is described as 'M/s. Dhariwal Tobacco Products Ltd.'. The prosecution is in respect of a unit of the Company from Borhade Mala, Shirur, District Pune and these two petitioners are shown to be Directors for this unit. The provisions of Companies Act, 1956 with regard to the constitution of Board of Directors (minimum number of directors) need to be kept in mind for present purpose. There can be different directors for management of different units. 11. The contents of the complaint in which allegations are made against the petitioners and their Company are as under:- "Para - 3) Accused No. 3 and 4 are the Directors of M/s. Dhariwal Tobacco Products Limited, Shirur, Dist: Pune and accused No. 5 M/s. Dhariwal Tobacco Products Limited, Unit No. 2, Borhade Mala, Shirur, Dist: Pune is the manufacturing Company of Manikchand Gutkha and has supplied the said food article Manikchand Gutkha to the accused No. 1 vide their invoice No. 734 dated 21/7/1997. Para - 5) .............That complainant issued a notice in form No. VI to Accused No. 1 stating that the food articles so purchased was taken for test and analysis and obtained his signature in token of its receipt. Complainant Food Inspector also issued notice under section 14-A of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 and Rules thereunder and obtained his signature in token of its receipt. Accused No. 1 given a copy of purchase bill of the food article Manikchand Gutkha. Form the said purchase bill it was revealed that the said food article was purchased by the accused no. Accused No. 1 given a copy of purchase bill of the food article Manikchand Gutkha. Form the said purchase bill it was revealed that the said food article was purchased by the accused no. 2 from M/s. Dhariwal Tobacco Products Limited, Unit No. 2, Borhade Mala, Shirur, Dist: Pune vide Invoice No. 734 dated 21/7/1997. Para - 10. That the complainant enquired and collected necessary documents and information and submitted the proposal alongwith all original papers to get the consent order for launching prosecution against the accused persons through Local (Health) Authority and Asst. Commissioner-2, Food and Drug Administration, Aurangabad from the Consenting Authority i.e Joint Commissioner (Aurangabad Division), Food and Drug Administration, Aurangabad and accordingly the consent order to prosecute the accused No. 1 to 5 is received from the Consenting Authority through Local (Health) Authority and Asst. Commissioner-2, FDA, Aurangabad by the complainant on 6/4/1998. Para - 13) Accused No. 3 to 5 who have manufactured for sale and sold the adulterated food article Manikchand Gutkha to accused no. 2 and thereby committed an offence under section 7 (1) r/w. section 2 (ia)(a) and section 7 (v) read with Rule 62 punishable under section 16 (1)(a)(ii) and section 17 of the said Act." 12. The complaint filed by Food Inspector was first registered as R.C.C. No. 1325 of 1998 (warrant case). The contents of the present petition do not show that any application was moved for discharge or the progress was made like recording of evidence before charge before filing of the present proceeding in the year 2012. Nothing is said about the capacity or role which the petitioners are playing in the management of the Company, atleast in respect of the aforesaid unit. Nothing is said about the appointment of Managing Director or appointment of any Director for conducting the business of this Company on this behalf. Copy of Form VIII dated 21.2.2004 is produced to show that in the year 2004 different nominee was appointed for the Company. On this form, there is signature of petitioner No. 2 Shri. P.R. Dhariwal, the Managing Director of this unit. On other forms, there are signatures of the Managing Directors and Director, but it can be said that they had avoided to mention the names under signatures. On this form, there is signature of petitioner No. 2 Shri. P.R. Dhariwal, the Managing Director of this unit. On other forms, there are signatures of the Managing Directors and Director, but it can be said that they had avoided to mention the names under signatures. Copy of notice given under section 12-B of the Rules in Form VIII and which was sent to give notice about the nomination of Dayama shows that this document bears signature of petitioner No. 2 as Managing Director. This signature is similar to signature appearing on aforesaid document dated 21.2.2002. The form dated 25.8.1998 bears signature of other Director and probably, it is the signature of petitioner No. 1. The present petition is not signed by any of the petitioners and it is signed by so called nominee appointed in the year 2004. This conduct also needs to be kept in mind. The aforesaid circumstances and the contentions made in the complaint are sufficient to make out prima facie case for aforesaid offences against the petitioners. 13. Along with notice received on 25.8.1997 by Local (Health) Authority, no copy of resolution passed by the Company was produced before the Local (Health) Authority by the petitioners. There is no mention of even the resolution which is required to be passed and produced as per the provisions already discussed. Under Companies Act also, the record of such resolution is required to be maintained. Thus, there is no convincing record to show valid nomination. The record and circumstances of the present case, on the other hand, prima facie show that it is the business of the petitioners, they were managing the affairs of the Company at the relevant time atleast in respect of unit involved in this case. 14. For petitioners, reliance was placed on some reported cases. In the case reported as 1992 (1) Prevention of Food Adulteration Cases 128 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA [R. Banerjee and Ors. Vs. H.D. Dubey and Ors.], in view of the facts of the case, the Apex Court remitted back the matter to the trial Court to ascertain as to whether there was valid nomination under section 17 (2) of the Act. Vs. H.D. Dubey and Ors.], in view of the facts of the case, the Apex Court remitted back the matter to the trial Court to ascertain as to whether there was valid nomination under section 17 (2) of the Act. The facts of the present case are altogether different and so, the observations made by the Apex Court in the case cited supra can be of no help to the petitioners and there is no need to direct the Trial Court to ascertain such thing. When there is no valid nomination under section 17 (2) of the Act, the person, who was incharge of and was responsible to the Company for conduct of business can be proceeded against under the law. Section 17 (1) (b) of the Act shows that the Company becomes liable for the acts of persons, who conducted the business of company. The provisions of section 7 r/w. 16 of the Act show that both the principal and agent become liable for the contravention of the provisions of section 7 of the Act. 15. In the case reported as 2010 (2) FAC 310 Supreme Court of India [Pepsico India Holdings Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Food Inspector and Another], in view of the facts of that case, the Apex Court observed that mere bald statement that the person was Director of the company is not sufficient to make him liable, allegations must show his role in the management of the company. These observations were made in the facts of that case and there cannot be dispute over this proposition. The relevant facts of the present case are already discussed. The facts of the present case are sufficient to prima facie show the role played by the accused. In the case reported as AIR 1983 Supreme Court 67 [Municipal Corporation of Delhi Vs. Ram Kishan Rohtagi and Ors.], similar observations were made by the Apex Court in view of the facts of that case. For the reasons already given, this Court holds that both these cases are of no help to the petitioners in the instant case. 16. In the present case, the vendor, the retailer, has taken the defence of section 19 (2) of the Act and he had supplied the information to the Food Inspector. This information is used by the Food Inspector as per the contents of the complaint. 16. In the present case, the vendor, the retailer, has taken the defence of section 19 (2) of the Act and he had supplied the information to the Food Inspector. This information is used by the Food Inspector as per the contents of the complaint. The complaint shows that the Food Inspector had used power given to him under section 14-A of the Act for collecting the information from the vendor. For proving the defence available under section 19 (2) of the Act, the vendor is required to prove the conditions mentioned in section 19 by leading the evidence and so, it becomes matter of evidence. Thus, the quashing and setting aside the proceeding in respect of petitioners is not possible. In any case, in view of the aforesaid circumstances, at this stage, the petitioners cannot be given the relief claimed. 17. Section 17 (4) of the Act runs as under:- "(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing sub-sections, where an offence under this Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to, any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company not being a person nominated under sub-section (2) such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly." Thus, the provision shows that in this provision also the guilt of petitioners can be proved by the prosecution and for that the evidence needs to be recorded. 18. In view of the aforesaid discussion, it is not possible to give any relief to the petitioners and in the result, the proceeding stands dismissed.