JUDGMENT 1. - The appellant, Dulla Singh @ Jernail Singh, is aggrieved by the judgment dated 11.12.2004 passed by the Additional Sessions Judge (Fast Track) No.1, Alwar, whereby the learned Judge has convicted him for offence under Section 302 IPC. By an order of even date, the learned Judge has sentenced him for life imprisonment, imposed him with a fine Rs. 5000/- and directed him to undergo a further sentence of one year of rigorous imprisonment. However, the learned Judge has acquitted the appellant for offence under Section 498A IPC. 2. Briefly, the facts of the case are that on 20.4.2004, the Police Station Shivaji Park, Alwar received a telephonic information that there is a dead body of a woman lying amongst the bushes in Rajwat Ka Grounds. Upon receiving this information, ASI, Chiranji Lal (P.W.2), left for the place. The police looked for the relatives of the dead woman. But they could not locate anyone. Therefore, Keshav Chand Somwanshi (P.W.1) submitted a written report (Ex.P.1) wherein he claimed that he is a resident of Ranjeet Nagar and lives in front of Kalunathji Ki Bagichi. Near his house, there is a field covered with Rajwat (bushes). This morning people told him that there is a dead body of a woman lying amongst the bushes. Therefore, persons of Ranjeet Nagar and Transport Nagar, and he went to see the dead body. The dead body is about two to three days old. The face and the hands have been eaten by dogs. On the basis of this report, the police prepared an Inquest Report (Ex.P.3) and the site plan (Ex.P.17). The doctors were called in and the post-mortem was conducted at the site itself by Dr. Phool Singh (P.W.4). From the site, the police also recovered a Salwar, a jumper, a pair of anklets and a pair of Hawai Chappal. The cremation of the unknown body was also carried out. After reaching the police station a Mrig FIR, namely Mrig FIR No.7/2004, under Section 174 Cr.P.C. was chalked out; the investigation commenced. The information with regard to discovery of a body of an unknown woman was published in the local newspaper. 3. On 23.4.2004, Smt. Surendra Kaur (P.W.6), the mother of the deceased, Smt. Virendra Kaur (P.W.5), the sister of the deceased, and Dalbir Singh (P.W.13), the father-in-law of the deceased, reached the Police Station Shivaji Park. The information with regard to discovery of a body of an unknown woman was published in the local newspaper. 3. On 23.4.2004, Smt. Surendra Kaur (P.W.6), the mother of the deceased, Smt. Virendra Kaur (P.W.5), the sister of the deceased, and Dalbir Singh (P.W.13), the father-in-law of the deceased, reached the Police Station Shivaji Park. Seeing the clothes recovered from the dead body, they identified the dead body as that of Jaswant Kaur W/o. Dulla Singh @ Jernail Singh, the appellant before this court. 4. Subsequently, on 24.4.204, Smt. Surendra Kaur (P.W.6) submitted a written report (Ex.P.12) which when reproduced in English, reads as under:- To, The SHO, Police Station Shivaji Park, Alwar. Sir, It is submitted that I have two daughters whom I had married off to the two sons of Dalbir Singh eight years ago. My elder daughter was married to Dulla Singh @ Jernail Singh and the younger daughter was married to Karnail Singh. Ever since their marriage, they have been staying at their matrimonial home. Dulla Singh is in the habit of beating up my daughter. On 18.4.2004, he had brought my daughter to Alwar on the pretext that he wanted to buy some clothes. But for two or three days, they did not come back. Therefore, his father contacted us and asked us whether they had come to our place. I told him that they had not come to our place. I went to the matrimonial place of my daughter at Sorkha Khurd and met my younger daughter and her in-laws' family members. Dulla Singh's father had also lodged a report for missing person at Police Station Khairthal. When we read in the newspaper that a woman's dead body has been discovered at Alwar, I, my younger daughter, Virendra Kaur, and Dulla Singh's father came to the police station and identified the clothes of my daughter. We went back to village Surja Khurd. Last night, my son-in-law, Dulla Singh came back to the village. His father, Dalbir Singh, Bhajan Singh, Atma Singh and the Sarpanch, Sohan Lal, and I asked him about the whereabouts of Jaswant Kaur. Initially he told us that he had put her on the Khairthal Bus from Alwar. But where she had gone, he himself does not know. Subsequently, he kept on making excuses. His father, Dalbir Singh, Bhajan Singh, Atma Singh and the Sarpanch, Sohan Lal, and I asked him about the whereabouts of Jaswant Kaur. Initially he told us that he had put her on the Khairthal Bus from Alwar. But where she had gone, he himself does not know. Subsequently, he kept on making excuses. But eventually he told us that in Alwar in the Rajwat Grounds, he had taken her with an excuse that he needs to go out and ease himself. Amongst the bushes, he had killed his wife by throateling her. He apologized for his mistake. My daughter was wearing gold earrings and was wearing a Salwar Suit. I have come with the Sarpanch, Sohan Lal, Bhajan Singh, Uttam Singh and Dalbir Singh and with my younger daughter, Virendra Kaur, for lodging this report. We have brought Dulla Singh @ Jernail Singh with us. Sd/- Surendra Kaur By case Raisikh, r/o. Tapukada, Alwar. 5. On the basis of this report, the police chalked out a formal FIR, namely FIR No.110/04, and commenced the investigation. After completing the investigation, the police submitted a charge-sheet against the appellant for offence under Section 302 IPC before the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate No.2, Alwar. The case was committed to the Sessions Court, Alwar on 7.6.2004; it was transferred to the court of Additional Sessions Judge (Fast Track) No.1 on 30.6.2004. Eventually, the appellant was charged for offence under Section 302 IPC, and under Section 498A IPC. In order to support its case, the prosecution examined seventeen witnesses and submitted thirty-six documents. The defence, in turn, examined one witness, but did not submit any documents. After completing the trial, the learned Judge convicted and sentenced the petitioner, as aforementioned. 6. Mr. N.A. Naqvi, the learned Senior Counsel, has vehemently contended that the entire case is based on the circumstantial evidence. However, the circumstantial evidence do not connect the appellant to the alleged crime. 7. Secondly, the most important witnesses, namely the family witnesses, Smt. Virendra (P.W.5) Sister of the deceased, Smt. Surendra Kaur (P.W.6), the mother of the deceased, Dalbir Singh (P.W.13) the father-in-law of the deceased, and the father of the accused, have turned hostile. They have not supported the case of the prosecution. 7. Secondly, the most important witnesses, namely the family witnesses, Smt. Virendra (P.W.5) Sister of the deceased, Smt. Surendra Kaur (P.W.6), the mother of the deceased, Dalbir Singh (P.W.13) the father-in-law of the deceased, and the father of the accused, have turned hostile. They have not supported the case of the prosecution. The only other piece of evidence against the appellant is the recovery of one pair of earring at the instance of the appellant by recovery memo (Ex.P.10), the recovery of the clothes of Surendra Kaur by recovery memo (Ex.P.13) also at the instance of the accused, and the injury report of the accused (Ex.P.32). However, none of these pieces of evidence can even remotely connect the appellant to the alleged offence. 8. On the other hand, Mr. Aladeen Khan, the learned Public Prosecutor, has strenuously urged that even if the family members have turned hostile, even then there is a sufficient evidence to connect the appellant to the alleged crime. 9. Heard the learned counsel for the parties and perused the impugned judgment, and examined the record. 10. Undoubtedly, the entire case is based on circumstantial evidence. Relying on the case of Hanumant Govind Nargundkar v. State of M. P. ( AIR 1952 SC 343 ) , recently in the case of Vasanta Sampat Dupare v. State of Maharashtra (2015) 1 SCC 253 , the Hon'ble Supreme Court has reiterated the principles governing the appreciation of evidence in a case based on circumstantial evidence as under : It is well to remember that in cases where the evidence is of a circumstantial nature, the circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is to be drawn should be in the first instance be fully established, and all the facts so established should be consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused. Again, the circumstances should be of a conclusive nature and tendency and they should be such as to exclude every hypothesis but the one proposed to be proved. In other words, there must be a chain of evidence so far complete as not to leave any reasonable ground for a conclusion consistent with the innocence of the accused and it must be such as to show that within all human probability the act must have been done by the accused. 11. In other words, there must be a chain of evidence so far complete as not to leave any reasonable ground for a conclusion consistent with the innocence of the accused and it must be such as to show that within all human probability the act must have been done by the accused. 11. Therefore, while appreciating the evidence in the present case, these principles will have to be kept in mind. 12. A bare perusal of the record reveals that the family members of the deceased, namely Smt. Varindra (P.W. 5), Smt. Surendra Kaur (P.W. 6) and Dalveer Singh (P.W. 13) have turned hostile. In fact, Smt. Surendra Kaur (P.W. 6) has denied the fact that she had filed a written report (Ex.P.12). Moreover, Smt. Varindra (P.W.5), Smt. Suredra Kaur (P.W.6) and Dalveer Singh (P.W.13) have denied the fact that the appellant has ever made any extra-judicial confession before them. Therefore, the only pieces of evidence available against the accused are circumstantial in nature, as mentioned above.As far as the identification of the place of crime is concerned, the said identification is immaterial. For, firstly, the police was already aware where the murder had taken place and where the body was discovered. 13. Secondly, there was wide publicity of the fact that a dead body was discovered from the place of murder. The said fact was already published in the newspaper. Therefore, the identification of the place by the accused is immaterial. 14. According to Mr. Man Prakash (P.W.16), the appellant had made a statement (Ex.P.27) under Section 27 of the Evidence Act which eventually led to the recovery of the earrings from Soni Jewelers, Main Market, Kishangarhbas. However, the said statement was not made before two independent witnesses, but was made before the police. This court in the case of Rameshwar and Dinesh @ Pillu v. State of Rajasthan, [D.B. Criminal Appeal No.158/2010, decided on 10.11.2014] has held as under:- "Having appreciated the evidence of the witness, it is to be noted that disclosure statement Ex-P/22 as made by Munesh is not attested by any witness what to say of any independent witness. Ex.P/22 is recorded on 31st July, 2006 at 11 P.M. It is only signed by SHO Police Station, Bhusawar Distt. Bharatpur. It was held in Harjit Singh & Ors. Ex.P/22 is recorded on 31st July, 2006 at 11 P.M. It is only signed by SHO Police Station, Bhusawar Distt. Bharatpur. It was held in Harjit Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab AIR 2002 Supreme Court 3040 that disclosure statement should be signed by independent person and Investigating officer should not associate any eye witness with the recovery memos. In the present case, no witness was associated at the time when disclosure statement was made. It is necessary for the prosecution to prove that the disclosure statement was made voluntary without any duress or coercion. To justify voluntary character of disclosure statement, it ought to be recorded in the presence of witnesses, it is to be noted that Section 27 of Indian Evidence Act is an exception to Section 25 of the Indian Evidence Act which says that nothing stated to police is admissible in evidence. Since Section 27 carve out an exception, it is necessary that prosecution must show some material to the Court to be satisfied that same was not fabricated, therefore, it is necessary that it should have been made in presence of some witnesses." Moreover, according to the recovery memo (Ex.P.10), the recovery was made in front of two independent persons, namely Maya Ram and Shyam Lal. But neither of these two persons have been examined as a witness. Therefore, the prosecution has withheld material witnesses from the court. Thus, an adverse inference should be read against the prosecution that in case they had produced these two persons as witnesses, these persons would not have supported the case of the prosecution. Therefore, the recovery has not been proven by the prosecution. Thus, the recovery cannot be read against the appellant. 15. Even the recovery of the clothes belonging to the deceased, said to be recovered from the place where the dead body was recovered by the police, is highly doubtful. For, according to the prosecution itself, the day the dead body was discovered, the entire place was searched. Yet on 20.4.2004 the police had merely recovered a Salwar and a jumper, and a pair of anklets. According to the recovery memo of the clothes (Ex.P.13) the said recovery was made in front of two independent witnesses, namely Bhajan Singh and Uttam Singh. Yet again, the prosecution has withheld both these persons from the court. Yet on 20.4.2004 the police had merely recovered a Salwar and a jumper, and a pair of anklets. According to the recovery memo of the clothes (Ex.P.13) the said recovery was made in front of two independent witnesses, namely Bhajan Singh and Uttam Singh. Yet again, the prosecution has withheld both these persons from the court. Therefore, again an adverse inference has to be drawn against the prosecution. Thus, even the said recovery cannot be read against the appellant.Lastly, merely because the injured had certain bruises upon his body, it does not lead to the conclusive inference that he had sustained these injuries amongs the thorny bushes where the body was recovered. 16. For the reasons stated above, the appeal is hereby, allowed. The appellant is acquitted of the charges leveled against him. In view of acceptance of the appeal, the appellant, Dulla Singh @ Jernail Singh, who is confined in Jail shall be released forthwith, if not required in any other case. 17. Keeping, however, in view the provisions of Section 437-A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the appellant, Dulla Singh @ Jernail Singh, are directed to forthwith furnish a personal bond in the sum of Rs. 20,000/- [Rupees Twenty Thousand Only] each and a surety bond in the like amount, before the trial Court. The bonds, so furnished shall be effective for a period of six-months. The bonds shall contain an undertaking that in the event of filing of Special Leave Petition against the judgment or on grant of leave, the appellant, on receipt of notice thereof, shall appear before the Hon'ble Apex Court. *******