Hon'ble Dr. KOTHARI, J.—This second appeal filed by the defendants is arising out of the judgment and decree dated 19.02.2014 passed by the learned Additional District Judge No.1, Bhilwara in Civil Appeal No.44/2001 “Rajendra Singh & Ors. vs. Chandraveer Singh & Ors. who dismissed the appeal filed by the defendants-Rajendra Singh & Ors. and affirmed the judgment and decree dated 01.11.2001 passed by the learned Civil Judge (Senior Division), Mandalgarh, District Bhilwara in Civil Original Suit No.70/1992 (85/1983) “Chandraveer Singh & Ors. vs. Smt. Rajkanwar & Ors.” by which, the learned Civil Judge (Senior Division) had decreed the suit filed by the plaintiffs-Chandraveer Singh & Anr. seeking possession of the suit property known as “Govind Vilas” and “Mukut-Mandal” and permanent injunction against the defendants in relation to dispute relating to a property, which is a Fort ¼x<+½ “Govind Vilas” and “Mukut-Mandal” situated at town Bijoliya, District Bhilwara. 2. The present second appeal has been filed on 16.05.2014 by the appellants, who were the defendants, against concurrent judgments and decrees for possession passed by the learned two Courts below in relation to the dispute, as aforesaid. 3. The plaintiffs, Chandraveer Singh and Smt. Chand Kumari, are the legal representatives of deceased Keshari Singh Rajput of Bijoliya, who filed the present suit No. 85/1983 (70/82) on 01.10.1983 in the Court of learned District Judge, Bhilwara which was decreed by the learned Trial Court on 01.11.2001 after 18 years' of trial and against which, both the parties filed appeals before the learned Additional District Judge No.1, Bhilwara, namely, Civil First Appeal No.43/2001 “Chandraveer Singh vs. Rajendra Singh & Ors.” for non-grant of relief of mesne profits against the defendants by the learned Trial Court, whereas the Civil First Appeal No.44/2001 “Rajendra Singh & Ors. vs. Chandraveer Singh” was filed by the defendants against the decree of suit for possession by the learned Trial Court. Both these appeals came to be disposed of by the learned First Appellate Court on 19.02.2014 and both these appeals were dismissed. Aggrieved by the same, the defendants Rajendra Singh S/o Vijay Singh & Ors. have filed the present second appeal under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure. 4. Both these appeals came to be disposed of by the learned First Appellate Court on 19.02.2014 and both these appeals were dismissed. Aggrieved by the same, the defendants Rajendra Singh S/o Vijay Singh & Ors. have filed the present second appeal under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure. 4. Both these appeals came to be disposed of by the learned First Appellate Court on 19.02.2014 and both these appeals were dismissed. Aggrieved by the same, the defendants Rajendra Singh S/o Vijay Singh & Ors. have filed the present second appeal under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure. 4. The relevant findings of the learned Trial Court in the judgment dated 01.11.2001 which will also give a background of the facts leading to filing of the present suit are quoted below for ready reference:- ^^fook|d la[;k 2 o 3 2- D;k LoxhZ; ds'kjhflag th us ekfQd bZdjkjukek daojink ds egy dks vklkst lqnh 4 lEor~ 2015 rd mrjok ¼fxjk½ fn;s ftldh lwpuk fot;flag th dks ns nhA --- oknh 3- D;k ekfQd bZdjkj daojink ds egy mrjokus ds ckn vklkst lqnh iwue lEor~ 2028 rd eqroknh;k tk;nkj LoxhZ; fot;flag th }kjk [kkyh dj LoxhZ; ds'kjhflag th dks fliqnZ djuk Fkk\ --- oknh ^^bu nksuksa fook|dksa dks lkfcr djus dk Hkkj oknh ij FkkA oknh ih-M-1 pUnzohj flag ds vuqlkj okn i= esa layXu uD'kk ,- ftlesa yky L;kgh ls tks tk;nkn n'kkZbZ xbZ gS] ;g tk;nkn izfroknhx.k ds firk fot; flag ds }kjk oknh ds firk dsljh flag dks lkSaiuh FkhA rFkk dsljh flag dks okn i= ds uD'kk ch esa Vh-;w-ch- ,Dl LFkku ij izn'kZ 1 ds vuqlkj laor~ 2025 ds vklksn lwn 15 rd gVk dj lwpuk fot; flag dks nsuh FkhA blds i'pkr~ vklksn lwn 15 laor~ 2028 rd okn i= ds lkFk layxu uD'kk ¼,½ esa n'kkZ;h xbZ tk;nkn fot; flag }kjk [kkyh djds dsljh flag dks fliqnZ djuh Fkh] bl lEcU/k esa oknh pUnzohj flag us dFku fd;k gS fd izn'kZ 1 ds Øe esa uD'kk ch- esa Vh-;w-ch- ,Dl LFkku fu/kkZfjr frfFk vklkst lqn 15 laor~ 2025 ls iwoZ gh vklkst lwn 4 dks gVk fn;k rFkk eyck gvk fn;k o lwpuk dkdk fot; flag dks nhA ftldh ,-Mh- izn'kZ 2 gS ftl ij fot; flag ds gLrk{kj gS tks og igpkurk gSA bldh jftLVMZ lwpuk cus flag dks nh ,- ls ch- gLrk{kj cus flag ds gSA izn'kZ 2 o 3 ds vly i= muds ikl gS ftudks vly lwpuk nh gSAfot; flag o cus flag dks lwpuk nh xbZ Fkh fd [k.Mgj le; ij fxjk fn;k x;k gS lwpuk [k.Mgj fxjk;s tkus dh nwljs] rhljs fnu gh nh FkhA fot; flag dks edku [kkyh djus dks dgk ysfdu mudh flrEcj 1983 esa e`R;q gks xbZ ckn esa izfroknhx.k us [kkyh djus esa vleFkZrk O;fä dhA fot; flag o cus flag dks daojink ds [k.Mgj fxjkus dh lwpuk bl lk{kh ds firk us i= fy[kdj nh rc og ekStwn FkkA ih-M-3 ghjkyky us ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd edku [kkyh djks rks dks edku [kkyh djus dks dgk ysfdu mudh flrEcj 1983 esa e`R;q gks xbZ ckn esa izfroknhx.k us [kkyh djus esa vleFkZrk O;fä dhA fot; flag o cus flag dks daojink ds [k.Mgj fxjkus dh lwpuk bl lk{kh ds firk us i= fy[kdj nh rc og ekStwn FkkA ih-M-3 ghjkyky us ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd edku [kkyh djks rks fot; flag o muds yM+ds bUdkj gks x;sA cus flag dks o fot; dks vyx vyx etewu fy[kdj Hkstk Fkk ist la[;k 4 esa uhps ls NBh ykbZu esa ;g Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gS fd uksfVl ns fn;k Fkk fQj Hkh nkok dkdk lk dk lEeku j[kus ds fy, ugha fd;kA ih-M- cus flag gS] ftUgksaus fd izn'kZ 1 fy[kuk dFku fd;k gS] izn'kZ 1 ds vuqlkj daojinksa ds egy dks oknh ds firk dks fxjkuk Fkk budks fxjkus dh lwpuk jftLVMZ i= }kjk jko dslj flag us Hksth FkhA oknh us i= izn'kZ 4 fy[kk i'pkr~ esa fot; flag dks fy[kk vkSj izn'kZ dh udy Hkh i= ds lkFk Hksth FkhA fot; flag ds uke i= Hkstk Fkk blfy, muds ikl gh gksuk pkfg,A izn'kZ 2 o 3 ij ,- ls ch- gLrk{kj Hkh muds crk;s gSaA izn'kZ 4 vk;k ftldh ,-Mh- izn'kZ 3 gSA izn'kZ 4 ij enuyky] Hkaojyky] eksguyky] ghjkyky ds gLrk{kjksa ds daojinksa ds egy fxjkus dh lwpuk fot; flag dks nh Fkh ml le; og ekStwn FkkA ih-M-1 pUnzohj flag ds c;ku iSt la[;k 2 uhps ls pkSFkh ykbZu esa fot; flag o cus flag dks lwpuk gsrq esjs firk us i= fy[ks Fks ml le; eSa ogha ekStwn Fkk vkSj bu i=ksa ij Hkaojyky] esM+fr;k] eksguyky] 'kkL=h] mn;yky {kks=h; o ghjkyky th usbZoky ds Hkh nLr[kr djk;s FksA bulkf{k;ksa esa ls ghjkyky ih-Mh-3] ih-Mh-5 Hkoajyky izdj.k esa ijhf{kr gq, gSA ftUgksaus bl ckr dh iqf"V dh gS fd izn'kZ 4 jko lkgc us muds lkeus fy[kk Fkk tks ,- ls ch- gS] gLrk{kj muds lkeus fd;s tks lh- ls Mh- gSA bZ- ls ,Q- fy[kkoV mlds gkFk dh gS vkSj th ls ,p mlds gLrk{kj crk;s gSA vkbZ- ls ts- mn;yky] ds- ls ,y- eksguyky ds gLrk{kj gS mn;iqj ¼mn;yky½ o eksguyky us muds lkeus gLrk{kj fd;s Hkaojyky us Hkh gLrk{kj mlds lkeus fd;s FksA bl lq>ko dsk xyr crk;k gS fd jko lkgc dks feyus okyk gksus ls >wBs c;iu ns jgk gS rFkk fy[kk i<+h mlds lkeus ugha gqbZ gksA izn'kZ 4 gLrk{kj crk;s gSA vkbZ- ls ts- mn;yky] ds- ls ,y- eksguyky ds gLrk{kj gS mn;iqj ¼mn;yky½ o eksguyky us muds lkeus gLrk{kj fd;s Hkaojyky us Hkh gLrk{kj mlds lkeus fd;s FksA bl lq>ko dsk xyr crk;k gS fd jko lkgc dks feyus okyk gksus ls >wBs c;iu ns jgk gS rFkk fy[kk i<+h mlds lkeus ugha gqbZ gksA izn'kZ 4 ij eksguyky ds gLrk{kj ,e- ls ,u- gksus dh iqf"V dh gSA bl laca/k esa lk{kh ghjkyky] mn;yky ds gksus dh iqf"V dh gSA daojinksa ds egy fxjk dj lery dj fn, x;s Fks bl ckr dh Hkh iqf"V dh gSA f'kouanu ih-M-6 bl laca/k esa ,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ lk{kh gS ftlus dFku fd;k gS fd izn'kZ 1 muds lkeus fy[kk x;k blus ;g Hkh dFku fd;k gS fd daojinksa ds egy [k.Mgj Fks mudks fxjk dj nsuk Fkk] fot; flag th x<+ esa xksfoUn foykl tks x<+ ds tukus Hkkx esa ,d fgLlk gS mldk xzkmaM yksj tks Åij dh rjQ njokts gS vkSj QLVZ yksj eqdqV egy uke ds enkZus egy tks dejk ikusjk gS mudks [kkyh djds nsuk Fkk tks fd fot; flag th ds }kjk jko lkgu dks nsuk FkkA daojinksa dk egy laor~ 2015 ds vklksn lwn iwue rd fxjkdj fot; flag dks laHkkyuk Fkk vkSj 2025-2028 ds chp rhu o"kZ dh vof/k esa fot; flag dks mudk dCtk xksfoUn foykl vkSj eqdqV egy [kkyh djds uksgjs esa tkuk FkkA dsljh flag th us daojinksa ds egy dks fxjk fn;k Fkk tks fd dkjhxjksa dh O;oLFkk djds bl lk{kh us Hkh fxjk;k Fkk rFkk eyck gVk fn;k Fkk jko lkgc us fot; flag dks ekSf[kd gh dgk Fkk ijUrq fot; flag us /;ku ugha fn;kA blfy, jftLVMZ i= ls cus flag dks lwpuk nh tks izn'kZ 4 gSA izn'kZ 4 jko dsljh flag ds gkFk dk gS l- ls Mh- jko lkgc dsljh flag ds gLrk{kj gSA izn'kZ 2 ij ,- ls ch- gLrk{kj fot; flag th ds gSa ;g Hkh dgk fd tkfxj dfe'uj ls QSlyk gks x;k bldh izekf.kr izfrfyfi izn'kZ 5 dks iznf'kZr djk;k gSA blesa x<+ dks fBdkuk fctkSfy;k dh futh lEifÙk en la[;k 2 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gsA daojink ds egy fxjkus esa blesa 15000@& :i;s [kpZ gq, Fks fglkc vyx j[kk Fkk tks nsohyky us j[kk FkkA fot; flag dks fy[krs i<+rs ns[kkA bl lq>ko dks xyr crk;k gS fd daojinksa ds egy dks fxjk;k x;k gS ogka pUnzohj iznf'kZr djk;k gSA blesa x<+ dks fBdkuk fctkSfy;k dh futh lEifÙk en la[;k 2 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gsA daojink ds egy fxjkus esa blesa 15000@& :i;s [kpZ gq, Fks fglkc vyx j[kk Fkk tks nsohyky us j[kk FkkA fot; flag dks fy[krs i<+rs ns[kkA bl lq>ko dks xyr crk;k gS fd daojinksa ds egy dks fxjk;k x;k gS ogka pUnzohj flag dks dCtk gksA bl lq>ko dks Hkh xyr crk;k gS fd izn'kZ 4 muds lkeus ugha fy[kk x;k gksA nwljh vksj izfroknh dh vksj ls ijhf{kr lk{kh jktsUnz flag us dFku fd;k gS fd eqdqV egy cuk gqvk Fkk bldh tkudkjh ugha gSA daojinksa dk egy dks fxjk;k ugha x;k Fkk vius vki fxj x;k Fkk] bldk eyck vM+kSlh iM+kSlh ys x;sA bl izdkj oknh i{k dk dFku gS fd laor~ 2025 ls iwoZ gh eqdqV egy dks daojinksa ds egy dks fxjkdj lwpuk fot; flag dks nh Fkh bl laca/k esa tks lwpuk nh xbZ gS bldh jftLVMZ ikorh jlhn iznf'kZr djkbZ xbZ gS ftl ij ,- ls ch- fot; flag ds gLrk{kj gS rFkk izn'kZ 4 ij fot; flag dk mYys[k fd;k rFkk ftu lk{khx.k ds gLrk{kj djok;s x;s muesa ls lk{kh ghjkyky o Hkaojyky dks Hkh lk{; esa ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA cus flag dks lwpuk vklkst lwn 4 laor~ 2015 dks izkIr gksus dk dFku fd;k gSA izn'kZ 4 lk{; esa is'k fd;kx;k gSA ftl ij dh mä lk{khx.k ds gLrk{kj gSA blesa ftjg dk volj izkIr gqvk gS ysfdu ,slh dksbZ lk{; ugha gS fd ftlls ;g izdV gks fd daojinksa ds egy dks vklkst lwn 4 laor~ 2025 rd ugha fxjk;k x;k gksA ek= daojinksa ds egy dks izfroknhx.k us fxjkus ls bUdkj fd;k gS bl izdkj oknh i{k dh mijksä lk{; ls ;g lkfcr gS fd oknh ds }kjk izn'kZ 1 ds Øe esa vklkst lwn 4 laor~ 2025 dks daojinksa dk egy fxjk fn;k x;k FkkA izfroknh i{k dh vksj ls ;g cgl vo'; dh xbZ gS fd izn'kZ 2,- Mh- ij eksgj ugha gSA izn'kZ 2 ij fot; flag ds tks gLrk{kj vk;s gS og vaxzsth esa gS] vaxzsth dk fot; flag th dks Kku ugha FkkA fdUrq ;g jlhn iksLVy ,-Mh- ls Hksth xbZ gSa tks dsljh flag ds }kjk Hksth xbZ gS ftlesa e; rkjh[k fot; flag ds gLrk{kj gSA blds vykok izn'kZ 4 ls Hkh izdV gS fd oknh ds }kjk egy fxjk;s x;sA pwafd izfroknh ds tks gLrk{kj vk;s gS og vaxzsth esa gS] vaxzsth dk fot; flag th dks Kku ugha FkkA fdUrq ;g jlhn iksLVy ,-Mh- ls Hksth xbZ gSa tks dsljh flag ds }kjk Hksth xbZ gS ftlesa e; rkjh[k fot; flag ds gLrk{kj gSA blds vykok izn'kZ 4 ls Hkh izdV gS fd oknh ds }kjk egy fxjk;s x;sA pwafd izfroknh ds }kjk izn'kZ 1 dh ikyuk esa dksbZ :fp ugha ysuk ns[krs gq,] cus flag] ftlds }kjk fd izn'kZ 1 fy[kk x;k gS] mudks Hkh lwpuk nh xbZ gS tks fd ih-M-2 ds :i esa is'k gq, gSA ftUgksaus bl ckr dh iqf"V dh gSA fook|d la[;k 1 esa ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk pqdk gS fd izn'kZ 15 tks fd i{kdkjku~ ds chp fy[kk x;k gS ftlds Øe esa izn'kZ 1 fy[kk x;k gS rFkk fu/kkZfjr frFk vklksn lwn 15 laor~ 2025 ls iwoZ gh vklksn lwn 4 la- 2025 dks gh dsljh flag ds }kjk daojinksa ds egy dks fxjk dj lwpuk izfroknh dks Hksth ,oa jftLVMZ uksfVl Hkh ns fn;kA izn'kZ 1] izn'kZ 15 ek= foHkktu ,oa ,xzhesaV gS rFkk buds vi;kZIr LVkEi ij gksus dh vkifÙk dk fujkdj.k fook|d la[;k 1 esa fd;k tk pqdk gSA o izn'kZ 1 ds jftLVªs'ku dh vko';drk uha gksrh gS D;ksafd bl laca/k esa izn'kZ 15 esa rF;ksa dk mys[k fd;s tkus ls blds iath;u dh vko';drk ugha jg tkrh gSA bl izdkj oknh i{k dh lk{; dks izfroknh [kf.Mr djus esa vlQy jgk gSA vr% fook|d la[;k 2] izn'kZ 1 dks ns[krs gq, ftlesa bl ckr dk mYys[k gs fd Jheku~ jko th lkgc dsljh flag th vkSj muds lxs rhu HkkbZ loZJh xkso/kZu flag th] enu flag th vkSj fot; flag ds ijLij 14-1-58 dks NwV HkkbZ cV ds fy, jgokl ds edkuksa dk caVokjk gqvk FkkA mä O;fä;ksa ds chp 14-1-58 dks fu"ikfnr gqvk ftlesa bl ckr dk mYys[k gS fd fot; flag dks tks uksgjk o IyksV QSlys ds eqrkfcd fn;k x;k gS og muds gh jgsaxs fdUrq jko lkgc daojinksa ds egy dks vklksn lwn 15 laor~ 2025 rd fxjkdj eyck gVk nsaxs o bl frfFk ls rhu o"kZ ds vUnj fot; flag vius HkkbZ caV ds uksgjs esa jguk 'kq: dj nsaxsA bl izdkj izn'kZ 1 dks pwafd oknh lkfcr dj pqdk gS vr% izn'kZ 1 ds vk/kkj ij oknh ds }kjk fu/kkZfjr frfFk vklksn lwn 15 laor~ 2025 ls iwoZ vklksn lwn 4 laor~ 2025 2025 rd fxjkdj eyck gVk nsaxs o bl frfFk ls rhu o"kZ ds vUnj fot; flag vius HkkbZ caV ds uksgjs esa jguk 'kq: dj nsaxsA bl izdkj izn'kZ 1 dks pwafd oknh lkfcr dj pqdk gS vr% izn'kZ 1 ds vk/kkj ij oknh ds }kjk fu/kkZfjr frfFk vklksn lwn 15 laor~ 2025 ls iwoZ vklksn lwn 4 laor~ 2025 dks daojinksa ds egy dks fxjkdj eyck gVkdj lwpuk izfroknh dks nh tk pqdh gSA rFkk izfroknh us vklksn lwn 15 laor~ 2015 ls 2028 ds chp rhu o"kZ dh vof/k esa fot; flag dks vius HkkbZ caV ds vuqlkj lifjokj uksgjs esa jguk 'kq: djuk Fkk] rFkk viuk dCtk oknh dsljh flag dks nsuk FkkA bl izdkj fook|d la[;k 2 o 3 Hkh oknh ds i{k esa fu/kkZfjr fd;s tkrs gSA fook|d la[;k 4 4- D;k izfroknhx.k dk eqrnkfo;k tk;nkn ij ijfeflo its'ku gS\ bl fook|d dks lkfcr djus dk Hkkj oknh ij FkkA oknh ds }kjk fookfnr tk;nkn izfroknhx.k ds ijesflo its'ku esa crkbZ xbZ gSA bl lEcU/k esa izfroknhx.k us vius tokcnkosa o viuh lk{; esa euk fd;k gSA izfroknhx.k dk dFku gS fd 1968 ls oknh fookfnr tk;nkn esa ugha jgrk gS rFkk 1956 esa vf/kfu;e ykxw gks tkus ls ^izkbZekthuhpj* dk dkuwu varxZr /kkjk 5 fgUnw mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e lekir gks x;k Fkk rFkk x<+ o vU; lEifÙk;ka dsljh flag dh la;qä fgUnw ifjokj dh lEifÙk gks xbZ Fkh] ftlesa LoxhZ; dsljh flag o muds rhu lxs HkkbZ;ksa xkSo/kZu flag] enu flag o fot; flag dh la;qä fgUnw ifjlj dh lEifÙk gks xbZ Fkh] ftlesa LoxhZ; dsljh flag o muds rhu HkkbZ fgUnw ykW ds eqrkfcd gdnkj cu x;sA fookfnr lEifÙk ij fot; flag o muds ifjlj dk vUu: :i ls 52 lky ls dCtk Fkk rFkk fot; flag dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ izfroknhx.k la[;k 1] 2] 3 bl ij cgSfl;r ekfyd dkfct gSA pwafd ;g tk;nkn dsljh flag rFkk muds lxs HkkbZ;ksa dh lkeykrh FkhA vr% LoxhZ; dsljh flag o fot; flag dks dksbZ bdjkj fy[kus dk vf/kdkj ugha FkkA bl laca/k esa oknh pUnzohj flag us viuh lk{; esa dFku fd;k gS] muds firk pkj HkkbZ gSA dsljh flag cM+s Fks NksVs xkSo/kZu flag] enu flag o fot; flag FksA pwafd dsljh flag 1918 esa tkxhjnkj cu x;s Fks o NksVksa dks vyx tkxhj nsdj iÍs ns fn, FksA vr% pUnzohj flag gh ,d ek= ekfyd gSA 23 vxLr] 1958 dks tkxhj fjT;we gks flag us viuh lk{; esa dFku fd;k gS] muds firk pkj HkkbZ gSA dsljh flag cM+s Fks NksVs xkSo/kZu flag] enu flag o fot; flag FksA pwafd dsljh flag 1918 esa tkxhjnkj cu x;s Fks o NksVksa dks vyx tkxhj nsdj iÍs ns fn, FksA vr% pUnzohj flag gh ,d ek= ekfyd gSA 23 vxLr] 1958 dks tkxhj fjT;we gks xbZ FkhA dsljh flag 1972 esa xqtj x;s FksA fnukad 14-1-58 dks jko th lkgc Jh dsljh flag th vkSj HkkbZ Jh xkSo/kZu flag] Jh enu flag th] Jh fot; flag th ds ijLij HkkbZ caV esa edku nsus dk iz'u mifLFkr gksus ij okn fopkj vki HkkbZ;ksa dks fBdkuk ls fuEu izdkj ls edku nsuk r; gqvk && 1- Jh xkSo/kZu flag th && NksVk njoktk ¼fctkSfy;k½ ds ikl dh gosyhA 2- Jh enu flag th && ekth lkgc d`".kkor th uksgjk 3- Jh fot; flag th && ekth lkgc 'k[rkor th dk uksgjk Jh fot; flag th dks uksgjk fn;k x;k gS mlds ihNs tks [kkyh IykWV daojink ds [k.Mgj egkysa lesr gS rFkk bl uksgjk ds iwoZ esa tks Jh fd'ku njksxk dk iÍk'kqnk edku gS mlds vkSj uksgjk ds chp esa tks Hkwfe gS og Hkh Jh fot; flag ds uksgjk dh tehu esa lfEefyr gSA daojink ds egy [k.Mgj gS ftudks ;fn Jh fot; flag th fxjk dj edku cukosaxs rks ogk dk eyck Jh fot; flag th vius mi;ksx esa ysaxs vkSj ;fn os [k.Mgj jko th lkgc fxjokdj Jh fot; flag th dks IykWV ds :i esa Hkwfe lqiwnZ djsaxs rks [k.Mgjksa dk eyck jko th lkgc dk futh gksxkA Jh enu flag th vkSj Jh xkSo/kZu flag th dks Jh fot; flag th ds uksgjk ds ckcr~ fy[kh mijksä ckr ls dksbZ erHksn ;k ,srjkt ugha gSA ;g QSlyukek vkt ekg cn 9 eaxyokj laor~ 2011 rkjh[k 14-1-58** dsljh flag o rhuksa HkkbZ;ksa esa ijLij NwV HkkbZ caV ds fy, jgokl ds edkuksa dk caVokjk gqvk FkkA bl ij pkjksa HkkbZ;ksa ds gLrk{kj gSA ftlesa daojink ds egy dks fxjkdj fookfnr tk;nkn fot; flag dh vksj ls dsljh flag dks nsus dk mYys[k gS fot; flag dh e`R;q flrEcj 1983 esa gqbZ FkhA bl lk{kh us ¼c;ku ds ist 4 esa uhps ls 12oha ykbZu esa½ ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd 1969-70 ls og ckgj jg jgs gSA bl lq>ko dks xyr crk;k gS fd x<+ esa dCtk ugha gks rFkk ogak fot; flag dh vksj ls dsljh flag dks nsus dk mYys[k gS fot; flag dh e`R;q flrEcj 1983 esa gqbZ FkhA bl lk{kh us ¼c;ku ds ist 4 esa uhps ls 12oha ykbZu esa½ ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd 1969-70 ls og ckgj jg jgs gSA bl lq>ko dks xyr crk;k gS fd x<+ esa dCtk ugha gks rFkk ogak pkSdhnkj ugha jgrk gSA ih-M-5 Hkaojyky dk dFku gS fd pUnzohj flag th x<+ ls ckgj jgrs gS nks edkuksa ij fot; flag dk dCtk gSA eqdqV egy o ikusjk tks pUnzohj us [kkyh fd;s rks mUgksaus rkys yxk fn;sA bl lk{kh us ;g Hkh dFku fd;k gS fd dsljh flag us rhuksa HkkbZ;ksa dks vyx vyx xkao tkxhj esa ns fn, FksA o LokfeRo x<+ ij dsljh flag dk gh FkkA fot; flag ds nsgkUr ds ckn [kkyh djus dks dgk rks VkyeVksy djrs jgs] muds ejus ds ckn jktsUnz flag us Hkh vkuk dkuh dhA Mh-M-1 jktsUnz flag dk dFku gS fd x<+ ij dCtk mudk ekfydkuk gd ls gSA x<+ ij oknh dk dksbZ dCtk ugha gSA fot; flag og enu flag dk dCtk x<+ ij mudh iSnkbZ 'k ls gSA rhljs HkkbZ xkSo/kZu flag dk dCtk o ds'kjh flag th dk dCtk ckn esa ;g vkus ls gSA x<+ ds laca/k esa dksbZ HkkbZ caVokjk ugha gqvkA xksfoUnfoykl o nks Hk.Mkjksa ij gekjk dCtk FkkA eqdqV egy geksj firk ds dCts esa Fkk] vc gekjs dCts esa gSA Mh-M-5 Jh fd'ku flag us dFku fd;k gS fd Mks<h ij Hk.Mkj ij] dpgjh ij] Qjke[kkuk] Mkd caxyk ijvHkh pUnzohj flag ds rkys yxs gq, gSA eqdqV egy jktsUnz flag ds dCts esa gS rFkk njh[kkuk [kqyk gqvk gSA ftldk mi;ksx jktsUnz flag dj jgs gSaA xksfoUn fuokl esa jktsUnz flag dh ekrk o ifjokj jgrs gSa blds vykok izfroknh lk{kh la[;k 6 jru flag Hkh viuh ftjg esa Lohdkj djrk gS fd mldh ekrk dh jko lkgc dh iRuh ds ikl ukSdjh FkhA fot; flag egsUnzflag] jktsUnz flag ds dCts esa xksfoUn foykl] eqdqV egy] jlksbZ nks rhu dejs gSA blds vykok ckdh ij pUnzohj flag th dk dCtk gSA blh izdkj Mh-M-7 gqDehpan Hkh jko lkgc dk vHkh Hkh fookfnr tk;nkn dks NksM+dj 'ks"k ij pUnzohj flag ds rkys yxs gksus crkrk gSA bl izdkj tgka izfroknh 1968 ls oknh dk x<+ esa fuokl djuk ugha crkrk gS oknh dk 1968 ls x<+ ij fuokl ugha rhu dejs gSA blds vykok ckdh ij pUnzohj flag th dk dCtk gSA blh izdkj Mh-M-7 gqDehpan Hkh jko lkgc dk vHkh Hkh fookfnr tk;nkn dks NksM+dj 'ks"k ij pUnzohj flag ds rkys yxs gksus crkrk gSA bl izdkj tgka izfroknh 1968 ls oknh dk x<+ esa fuokl djuk ugha crkrk gS oknh dk 1968 ls x<+ ij fuokl ugha gS tSlk fd Lo;a izfroknh ds lk{kh Jh fd'ku Mh-M-5] Mh-M-6 jruyky] Mh-M-7 gqDehpan Lohdkj djrs gS fd fookfnr tk;nkn ds vykok 'ks"k ij pUnzohj flag dk dCtk gS rFkk og okj R;kSgkj vkrs tkrs gSA oknh ds }kjk dj fookfnr tk;nkn ds fy;s gh dCtk rFkk fu"ks/kkKk ds fy, okn is'k fd;k x;k gS rFkk okn i= dh en la[;k 6 esa fookfnr tk;nkn ij fot; flag dk rFkk mudh e`R;q ds ckn izfroknhx.k dk ijesflo its'ku FkkA izfroknhx.k }kjk 29-9-83 dks euk dj fn;k x;kA izn'kZ 15] 14-1-58 dks fy[kk x;k Fkk rFkk tkxhjnkjh vxLr 1958 esa fjT;we gqbZA ¼c;ku ih-MCY;w-1 pUnzohj flag½ vr% ;g izdV gS fd tkxhjnkjh fjT;we gksus ls iwoZ gh dsljh flag o lxs HkkbZ;ksa ds chp fu"ikfnr fd;k x;kA mlds ckn izn'kZ 1 dsljh o fot; flag ds chp 14-4-68 dks fu"ikfnr gqvkA izfroknhx.k ds firk Jh fot; flag tks fd izn'kZ 1 o 15 esa i{kdkj FksA rFkk vuqca/k dsljh flag ls fd;k x;k Fkk fd dsljh flag daojink ds egy fxjkdj lwpuk fot; flag dks nsaxsA o fot; flag uksgjs ij dCtk dj fookfnr tk;nkn [kkyh dj] dsljh flag th dks lkSai nsaxsA ifj.kkeLo:i dsljh flag dks fookfnr tk;nkn ij dCtk djuk FkkA blds vfrfjä vfoHkkftr fgUnw ifjlj dh la;qä lEifÙk ds chp lEifÙk ij ek= dCtk la;qä :i ls vkilh lgefr ls la;qä lEifÙk ij vofLFkr gksus ls vkilh lgefr ls ,Dlptsat djds dCtk djukFkk vkSj ;g nLrkost ek= bl ckcr gh fy[kk x;k Fkk tks fd la;qä fgUnw ifjokj dh lEifÙk dks blds la;qä dks ikVZuj ds chp gqbZA fooknxzLr lEifÙk o vU; tks lEifÙk Fkh mldk vkil esa ysu nsu fd;k tkuk FkkA D;ksafd fgUwn mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 1956 dh /kkjk 4 ds vuqlkj ftl oä nLrkost fy[kk x;k rc izkbZfeuspj ds vf/kdkj lekir gks x;sA tks 1956 esa fgUnw mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ykxw gksus dh frfFk ls lekIr gks x;k Fkk vkSj ;g mÙkjkf/kdkj dk fu;e izkbZfeuhpj /kkjk 5 mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ds rgr izksVsDV ugha fd;k x;k Fkk cfYd fgUnw mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ds rgr ;g lEifÙk la;qä fgUnw ifjokj dh /kkjk 4 ds vuqlkj ftl oä nLrkost fy[kk x;k rc izkbZfeuspj ds vf/kdkj lekir gks x;sA tks 1956 esa fgUnw mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ykxw gksus dh frfFk ls lekIr gks x;k Fkk vkSj ;g mÙkjkf/kdkj dk fu;e izkbZfeuhpj /kkjk 5 mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ds rgr izksVsDV ugha fd;k x;k Fkk cfYd fgUnw mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ds rgr ;g lEifÙk la;qä fgUnw ifjokj ds drkZ dh vfoHkkftr vuikfVZcy bSLVsV lEifÙk Fkh uk fd fdlh iwoZ jktk dhA laizHkqrk fj;klr dh lEifÙk;ka ftu ij rks :y vkWQ izkbZfeupj dk mÙkjkf/kdkj feyus ls fgUnw mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e izksVsDV fd;k x;k gksA bl izdkj la;qä fgUnw ifjokj dh la;qä fgLlsnkjh dsljh flag o fot; flag dh fgUnw lEifÙk fooknxzLr o vU; nLrkost izn'kZ 1 o 15 dh lEifÙk;ka ,d fgLlsnkj dh lEifÙk dks nwljs ds dCts esa nsuk Fkk rFkk nwljs leku okys fgLlsnkj ls viuh lEifÙk daojink dh egy dks fxjkuk] mldk eyck gVkuk o mlds rhu o"kZ mijkar dCts esa fn;s tkus dk mYys[k gSA daojink dk egy fxjkus okys i{kdkj dks nsuk Fkk ,slh fLFkfr esa dsljh flag ds }kjk daojink ds egy fxjkus ds mijkar tks fd vklksn lwn 15 laor~ 2015 dks fxjkuk Fkk] ftlds rhu o"kZ dh vof/k esa ;kuh vklksn lwn 15 laor~ 2028 rd fot; flag ds ds dCts esa tks fookfnr tk;nkn Fkh ml ij dCtk dsljh flag dks fn;k tkuk FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa izn'kZ 15 Hkh mlds fu"iknu ds i'pkr~ pwafd fook|d la[;k 1 ds fu"ikfnr djuk fookfnr tk;nkn ds lEcU/k esa lkfcr gks pqdk gS] rks ,slh fLFkfr esa fookfnr tk;nkn dks fot; flag o mlds okjhlku ls dCtk dsljh flag ds fogkQ rFkk mldh vuqefr ls fn;k x;k dCtk ekuk tk,xk tks fd ,d fgLlsnkj }kjk nwljs dks ijfe'ku ds vk/kkj ij its'ku dh rkjh[k esa vkrk gSA vr% fookfnr lEifÙk dks 2025 ls 2028 rd fot; flag dk dCtk dsljh flag ftldk fd dCtk izn'kZ 1 o 15 ls izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj gks x;k Fkk fd bckjr ls gh fot; flag o muds okjhlku ds ikl dsljh flag dh vuqefr ls ijfeflo its'ku ekuk tk;sxk vkSj bl izdkj dsljh flag dh vuqefr esa izn'kZ 1 o 15 ds fu"iknu ds QyLo:i fot; flag ds ikl ijfeflo its'ku FkkA fookfnr tk;nkn ij fot; flag o muds okjhlku dk ijfeflo its'ku dsljh flag dh vuqefr esa gh ekuk tk,xk] pkgs blls iwoZ fookfnr tk;nkn dh fLFkfr dksbZ Hkh D;ksa u jgh gksA ,slh fLFkfr its'ku ekuk tk;sxk vkSj bl izdkj dsljh flag dh vuqefr esa izn'kZ 1 o 15 ds fu"iknu ds QyLo:i fot; flag ds ikl ijfeflo its'ku FkkA fookfnr tk;nkn ij fot; flag o muds okjhlku dk ijfeflo its'ku dsljh flag dh vuqefr esa gh ekuk tk,xk] pkgs blls iwoZ fookfnr tk;nkn dh fLFkfr dksbZ Hkh D;ksa u jgh gksA ,slh fLFkfr esa fot; rFkk muds okjhlku dks fookfnr tk;nkn dkdCtk pUnzohj flag ¼oknh-mÙkjkf/kdkjh½ dks nsuk FkkA vr% ;g ugha dgk ldrk gS fd izfroknhx.k dk dCtk ijfeflo its'ku uga jgk gks rFkk bl okn dh oknh dk vk/kkj Hkh ;gh gSA vr% ;g fook|d oknh ds i{k esa rFkk izfroknhx.k ds f[kykQ fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA** 6. Then, the learned First Appellate Court's findings on the aforesaid issues affirming the same with order dated 19.02.2014 are also quoted below for ready reference:- ^^24- tgka rd bl vkifÙk dh nLrkost izn'kZ 1 eqnzkafdr o iathd`r ugha gS] vr% lk{; esa xzká ugha gSA bl laca/k esa tks mijksä U;kf;d n`"Vkar izLrqr fd, x, gS] ds ifjizs{; esa izLrqr izdj.k dh foospuk djs rks ;g lkeus vkrk gS fd izLrqr izdj.k oknhx.k us nLrkost izn'kZ 1 ds vk/kkj ij izLrqr fd;k gS] ftlds fy, oknhx.k dk dFku gS fd vkil esa Lo- dsljh flag o Lo- fot; flag esa ;g r; gks x;k Fkk fd fot;flag oknxzLFkku] tks x<+ dk gS] mls [kkyh dj tks uksgjk o IykWV x<+ ds ckgj gS] mlesa pys tk;saxs ,oa ;g nLrkost izn'kZ 1 iwoZ esa gq, caVokjs ds ckn esa ,duksytesaV ds :i esa fy[kk x;k FkkA vr% bl nLrkost izn'kZ 1 dks iathd`r ;k eqnzkafdr gksus dh vko';drk ugha gS] D;ksafd 'krsZ igys gh r; gks pqdh Fkh ,oa ckn esa dsoy mldk ek= ,duksytesaV fd;k x;k FkkA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa 'krsZ nLrkost fy[ks tkus ds igys gh caVokjs ckcr~ r; gks xbZ Fkh ,oa caVokjk igys gh pkjksa HkkbZ;ksa esa gksdj muesa ls nks HkkbZ viuh viuh lEifÙk;kW ij dkfct gks x, Fks] ijarq nks HkkbZ;ksa ds e/; caVokjs dks ;i ugha fn;k tk ldk Fkk] bl dkj.k iqu% izn'kZ 1 fy[kk tkuk bl nLrkost izn'kZ 1 ls lkfcr gksrk gSA vr% pwafd iwoZ esa gh caVokjs dh 'krsZ r; Fkh] vr% mlds ,duksytesaV ds rgr caVokjs dks fØ;kUo;u djus ds fy, iqu% u;k nLrkost izn'kZ 1 fy[kk x;k gSA vr% ;g nLrkost ,duksytesaV vFkok eseksjsaMe dh Js.kh esa ekuk tk ldrk gS ,oa bl nLrkost izn'kZ 1 ds iathdj.k o eqnzkafdr dh vko';drk ugha jgrh gSA 25- izfroknhx.k ds vf/koäk dk ;g rdZ gS fd nLrkost izn'kZ 1 dks ;fn iwoZ dk caVokjkukek ekus rks og iwoZ dk nLrkost Hkh iathd`r ugha gSA vr% ftl nLrkost izn'kZ 15 ds vk/kkj ij nwljk nLrkost izn'kZ 1 fy[kk x;k gS rks og Hkh lk{; esa xzká gksuk ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA bl rdZ ij fopkj djs rks ;g lgh gS fd izn'kZ 15 nLrksot iathd`r ugha gS ijarq ;g ckr lkeus vkbZ gS fd izn'kZ 15 pkj HkkbZ;ksa ds e/; fy[kk x;k Fkk] ftlesa ls nks HkkbZ;ksa us mldh 'krksZa dh ikyuk dj nh] dsoy dsljhflag o fot;flag ds laca/k esa lEifÙk ds dCts dk gh fookn 'ks"k jgrk gSA vr% vxj nLrkost izn'kZ 15 dks iathd`r ugha ekus rc Hkh ;g rF; lkfcr gqvk gS fd pkj HkkbZ;ksa ds e/; vkil esa caVokjk dh 'krsZ r; gksdj nks HkkbZ viuh viuh lEifÙk;ksa ij dkfct gks x, FksA vr% caVokjsukesa ij mUgksaus vey dj fy;k Fkk o 'ks"k nks HkkbZ;ksa dk gh fookn 'ks"k jgk Fkk] tcfd 'krsZ igys gh r; gks pqdh Fkh o mUgha 'krksZa dks nqckjk fy[krs gq, izn'kZ 1 fy[kk x;k FkkA izn'kZ 15 dks viathd`r ekurs gq, lk{; esa xzká ugha dkurs rc Hkh ;g lkfcr gksrk gS fd pkjksa HkkbZ;ksa esa 'krsZ r; gks pqdh Fkh ,oa izn'kZ 1 esa tks 'krsZ gS] os igys dh gh 'krksZ dh ikyuk ds fy, iqu% i{kdkjksa dks le; fn;k x;k FkkA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa izn'kZ 1 dsoy eseksjsaMe ekuk tk ldrk gS ,oa mlds viath—r o veqnzkafdr gksus ij Hkh mlslk{; esa xzká gksuk ekuk tk ldrk gSA 26- bl fook|d fcUnw ds laca/k esa vf/koäk izfroknh dk ;g Hkh rdZ jgk gS fd izn'kZ 1 nLrkost ij izfroknhx.k ds firk o fot; flag ds gLrk{kj gS ;k ugha] ;g lkfcr djus dk Hkkj oknh ij FkkA gkykafd pUnzohj flag ih-M-1 ds :i esa ;g dFku djrk gS fd izn'kZ 1 ij fot;flag vkSj mlds firk us mlds lkeus gLrk{kj fd, Fks ijarq pUnzohj flag ;g dgha Hkh ugha dgrk fd izn'kZ 1 ij fot;flag us dkSuls LFkku ij gLrk{kj fd,A ih-M-2 ds :i esa cusflag dk ;g t:j dFku gS fd bZ ls ,Q gLrk{kj fot;flag ds gS vkSj izn'kZ 1 mUgksaus dsljh flag] fot;flag ds dgus ls fy[kkA ;g ckr Li"V gS fd izn'kZ 1 esa fot;flag uke ls tks gLrk{kj gks j[ks gS] og fgUnh esa gSA izn'kZ 2 ij jftLVªh dh ikorh gS] ftl ij fot;flag ds gLrk{kj , ls ch ds chp esa vaxzsth esa gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa oknh i{k dh rjQ ls izn'kZ 6] 11 o 12 nLrksot ryc djok, x, vkSj izn'kZ fpfàr djok, x, ijUrq fdlh xokg ls ;g ugha dgyk;k x;k fd buesa fot;flag uke ls gLrk{kj gS] tks e`r fot;flag ds gS ;k ughaA fdlh Hkh xokg ls fot;flag ds gLrk{kj gksuk ugha dgyk;s tkus ls ;g lkfcr ugha ekuk tkldrk fd fot;flag ds gLrk{kj , ls ch gSA ;g Hkh dFku fd;k x;k fd ek= izn'kZ fpfàr djkus ls dksbZ nLrkost lkfcr ugha gksrkA fdlh Hkh nLrkost dks lkfcr djus ds fy, mls izn'kZ fpfàr djus ds vykok ml xokgdks is'k djuk iM+rk gS tks fo'oluh; :i ls ;g dgs fd mä gLrk{kj fot;flag ds gh gSA mUgksaus vius rdksZ ds leFkZu esa U;kf;d n`"VkUr ,vkbZvkj 1971 ,llh 1865] ,vkbZvkj 1971 ,llh 1949] 1955 vkbZ,yvkj ¼5½ ¼jkt-½ 191 izLrqr fd,A 27- nLrkost ds laca/k esa xokg ih-M-1 o ih-M-2 nksuksa us fot;flag ds gLrk{kj gksuk izn'kZ 1 esa crk;k gSA izfroknhx.k us ,slk dksbZ lk{; izLrqr ugha fd;k ftlls ;g lkfcr gksrk gks fd gLrk{kj fot;flag ds ugha gksA dsoy ek= ;g dFku fd izn'kZ 1 ij vaxzsth esa gLrk{kj gS] blls ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd izn'kZ 1 ij fot;flag ds gLrk{kj u gksaA izn'kZ 1 ij fot;flag ds gLrk{kj gksuk lkfcr ekuk tkrk gS ,oa mijksä U;kf;d n`"Vkar izfroknhx.k dh dksbZ enn ugha djrs gS fd mä nLrkost dks lkfcr ugha fd;k x;k gksA 28- vr% mi;qZä foospukuqlkj bl U;k;ky; dk ;g fu"d"kZ gS fd fook|d la- 1 o 9 v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk oknhx.k ds i{k esa o izfroknhx.k ds fo:) fuf.kZr djus esa dksbZ =qfV ugha dh xbZ gSA vr% fook|d la- 1 o 9 ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk fn, x, fu.kZ; dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA ---- 30- oknh xokg ih-M-1 pUnzohj flag us ;g dFku fd;k gS fd uD'kk ^,* esa yky L;kgh ls crk, x, fgLls ds ckcr~ nkok fd;k gSA uD'kk ^ch* esa Vh;who,Dl LFkku dks fxjkuk Fkk vkSj buds ihD;wvkj,l fgLls esa esjs dkdk fot;flag dks lifjokj tkuk Fkk] tks x<+ ds fgLls ds ckgj gSA vklkst lwn iwue laor~ 2025 rd Vh;who,Dl LFkku fxjkuk FkkA ;g fgLlk fuf'pr frfFk ls iwoZ gh vklkst lwn pkj dks fxjk fn;k Fkk vkSj eyck gVk fn;k FkkA fxjkus dh lwpuk esjs dkdk fot;flag dks jftLVMZ i= }kjk ns nh xbZ Fkh] ftldh , Mh jlhn izn'kZ 2 gS] ftl ij , ls ch nLr[kr esjs dkdklk fot;flag ds gS] tks eSa igpkurk gwWA bldh jftLVMZ lwpuk cus flag dks Hkh nh xbZ] ftldh , Mh jlhn izn'kZ 3 gS] ftl ij , ls ch nLr[kr cusflag ds gS] tks eSa igpkurk gwWA fot;flag vkSj cusflag dks lwpuk nh fd edku le; ij fxjk fn;k x;k gSA mudks lwpuk edku fxjk;k] mlds nwljs rhljs fnu gh i= }kjk Hkst nh xbZA mlds ckn fot;flag th dks [kkyh djus ds fy, dgk vkSj nwljs yksxksa ls Hkh dgkA ftjg esa xokg dk dFku gS fd fot;flag vkSj muds mÙkjkf/kdkfj;ksa dk O;ogkj ekuoh; utj ugha vk;k blfy, mudks lwpuk jftLVªh ls nh FkhA bdjkj izn'kZ 1 ds eqrkfcd edku le; ij [kkyh djus dks rS;kj ugha Fks] blfy, jftLVªh ls lwpuk nhA edku fxjkrs gh nwljs fnu edku [kkyh djus ds fy, dg fn;k rks fot;flag vkSj muds yM+ds bUdkj gks x,A izn'kZ 2 o 3 ds tfj, tks i= Hksts] mudh udy ugha j[khA fot;flag vkSj cusflag dks ,d gh etcwu fy[kdj ugha Hkstk] vyx vyx etewu fy[kdj HkstkA O;ogkj [kjkc gksus ij Hkh mldh dkWih ugha j[kh] D;ksafd jftLVªh ls i= Hksts FksA ;g xyr gS fd izn'kZ 2 o 3 jlhnsa bl fookn ds laca/k esa ugha gksA 31- xokg ih-M-2 cusflag us dFku fd;k gS fd izn'kZ 1 ds vuqlkj daojink ds egy dks fxjkuk Fkk vkSj mls IyksV ds :i esa dj nsuk FkkA daojink ds egy fxjkus dh bÙkyk jftLVMZ i= }kjk jko dsljhflag th us esjs dks lwfpr fd;k Fkk] tks i= eSa vkt yk;k gwW] tks izn'kZ 4 gSA izn'kZ 4 dks izkIr gksus ds i'pkr~ eSus ,d i= fot;flag th dks fy[kk vkSj udy Hkh i= ds lkFk Hksth FkhA eSaus Mkd ls Hksth FkhA eSaus fot;flag ds uke ls Hkstk Fkk blfy, og fot;flag ds ikl gksuk pkfg,A i= eSaus Mkyk] mldh ,Mh izn'kZ 2 gSA izn'kZ 3 ij , lh ch nLr[kr esjs gSaA izn'kZ 4 i= vk;k] mldh ,Mh izn'kZ 3 gSA 32- xokg ih-M-3 ghjkyky us dFku fd;k gS fd izn'kZ 4 jko lkgc us esjs lkeus fy[kkA izn'kZ 4 esa ,s ls ch jko lkgc us gkFk ls esjs lkeus fy[kk Fkk vkSj lh ls Mh jko lkgc ds nLr[kr gS] tks esjs lkeus fd,A izn'kZ 4 ls b ls ,Q fy[kkoV esjs gkFk dh gS vkSj th ls ,p esjs nLr[kr gSAih-M-5 Hkaojyky us dFku fd;k gS fd ge daojink ds egy ns[kus x, Fks] ftudks fxjk fn;k FkkA ogka ij cjkcj fxjk fn;k Fkk vkSj lery dj fn;k FkkA cusflag th dks fuiVkus ds fy, fy[kk FkkA 33- vr% mijksä oknh ds leLr xokgksa us daojink ds egy dks fxjk nus dk dFku fd;k gSA xokg ih-M-1 o ih-M-2 ds vuqlkj fu/kkZfjr fnukad ls iwoZ daojink ds egy dks fxjk fn;k x;k Fkk] tks le; izn'kZ 1 esa fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k FkkA fook|d la-1 o 9 ds fuLrkj.k esa izn'kZ 1 dk fu"iknu fd;k tkuk ekuk tk pqdk gSA vr% bldh 'krksZ ds vuqlkj oknhx.k ds lkf{k;ksa us dFku fd;k gs fd daojink ds egy dks le; ls iwoZ fxjk fn;k x;k FkkA bl izdkj ;g ckr lkfcr gksrh gS fd bdjkjukesa ds vuqlkj vklkst lwn 15 ¼iwue½ laor~ 2025 rd daojirk dk egy fxjkdj lwpuk fot;flag th dks ns nh FkhA pwafd izn'kZ 1 dh 'krksZ ds vuqlkj vklkst lwn iwue laor~ 2028 rd tk;nkn dks fot;flag }kjk [kkyh dj dsljh flag dks lqiqnZ djus dh 'krZ r; gksuk Li"V gS] ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g ekuk tk ldrk gS fd 'krksZa ds vuqlkj vklkst lwn iwud laor~ 2028 rd fot;flag dks oknxzLr tk;nkn [kkyh dj dsljh flag dks lqiqnZ djuh FkhA vr% fook|d la-2 o 3 dks oknhx.k ds i{k esa fuf.kZr dj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us dksbZ =qfV ugha dh gSA vr% fook|d la-2 o 3 ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk fn, x, fu.kZ; dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA vkns'k vr% vihykFkhZ@oknh pUnzohj flag }kjk izLrqr vihy la- 43@2001 ,oa vihykFkhZx.k@izfroknhx.k Jherh jktdqaoj ¼e`rdk½] jktsUnz flag o egsUnz flag }kjk izLrqr vihy la- 44@2001 [kkfjt dh tkdj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; o fMØh fnukad 01-11-2001 dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA [kpkZ i{kdkjku~ viuk viuk ogu djsaxsA rn~uqlkj fMØh cukbZ tkosA fu.kZ; o fMØh izfr lfgr v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dh i=koyh vfoyEc fHktokbZ tkosA ,l-Mh-@& ¼vuUr Hk.Mkjh½ vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la[;k 1] HkhyokM+k ¼jkt-½** 7. The learned counsels appearing for the appellantsdefendants Mr. Sajjan Singh and Mr. Ramit Mehta submitted that originally the so-called partition deed executed on 14.01.1958 betweeen four brothers namely, Keshari Singh, Madan Singh, Goverdhan Singh and Vijay Singh was not a partition deed and since the same was not registered nor stamped properly, the same was not admissible in evidence and since the so-called partition deed alleged to have been executed on 14.01.1958 was never acted upon, another document was admittedly executed between Keshari Singh and Vijay Singh, the two out of four brothers and the said document Ex. 1 dated 14.04.1968 was a conditional document, according to which, the plaintiff Keshari Singh, who is now represented by his legal representatives, was to demolish the property known as “Kawarpada Ka Mahal” and the emptied plot was to be handed over to Vijay Singh and upon which, the said Vijay Singh was to hand over the suit property namely, “Govind Vilas” and “Mukut-Mahal” occupied by him and his family to his elder brother Keshari Singh and if such demolished property and emptied plot was not handed over by the plaintiff to the defendants (Keshari Singh to Vijay Singh) by the stipulated time of Asoj Sud 15, Samvat Year 2025 then, for every one month of delay, the said brother Vijay Singh was entitled to have extended stay in the suit property for one year. According to the plaintiffs, Chandraveer Singh and Smt. Chand Kumari, legal representatives of deceased Keshari Singh, they had demolished the said property namely, “Kawarpada Ka Mahal” which was in dilapidated condition and the same was demolished before the stipulated date spending a sum of Rs.15,000/- for that and a communication in this regard was sent to the defendant Vijay Singh vide a letter To Bane Singh who intimated in turn Vijay Singh by a separate letter and upon the said defendant Vijay Singh not handing over the possession of the property in question, the plaintiffs had to file the present suit. 8. The learned counsels Mr. Sajjan Singh and Mr. Ramit Mehta appearing for the defendants submitted that firstly, the said communication regarding demolition of the property in question having been undertaken was never received by the defendant Vijay Singh and even if the said letter Ex. 8. The learned counsels Mr. Sajjan Singh and Mr. Ramit Mehta appearing for the defendants submitted that firstly, the said communication regarding demolition of the property in question having been undertaken was never received by the defendant Vijay Singh and even if the said letter Ex. A/2 is perused closely, it is stated therein that the debris (malba) of the said demolition was yet to be removed from the site and in the absence of the same, the condition of the agreement between two brothers in the document dated 14.04.1968 cannot be said to have been fulfilled and, therefore, the defendants were not bound to hand over the possession of the suit property in question. They also urged that if the document dated 14.04.1968 is construed to be an agreement of which the specific performance was sought by the plaintiffs in the present suit, the limitation for filing the suit was only three years and since, admittedly, the suit in question was filed only on 01.10.1983, the suit was clearly time-barred whereas the Courts below have erred in holding that the suit was only within the limitation computing the limitation to be 12 years. They, therefore, urged that the many substantial questions of law do arise for consideration by this Court in the present second appeal filed on behalf of the defendants, legal representatives of Vijay Singh. 9. On the other hand, the learned counsel Mr. Sandeep Sarupariya appearing for the respondents-plaintiffs-legal representatives of Keshari Singh viz., Chandraveer Singh and Smt. Chand Kumari vehemently opposed the submissions made by the learned counsels for the appellants-defendants and submitted that the suit has been rightly and concurrently decreed in favour of the plaintiffs, who are the legal representatives of elder brother Keshari Singh, and the fact that they do not have any portion of the joint property which was originally agreed to be partitioned between four brothers under the partition deed dated 14.01.1958 which was acted upon as far as the two brothers were concerned namely, Madan Singh and Goverdhan Singh and under that partition deed itself, the defendant Vijay Singh got the property known as “Maji Sahab Sakhawat Ji Ka Nohra”. However, since the dispute between remaining two brothers namely, Keshari Singh eldest brother and Vijay Singh youngest brother could not be settled, another document was executed between them on 14.04.1968 and the plaintiff's father Keshari Singh had duly complied with the said condition of demolition of the “Kawarpada Ka Mahal” and gave an intimation of the same to the defendant Vijay Singh that he may occupy the emptied plot, just behind his own share of property and, therefore, the defendant Vijay Singh, now represented by his legal representatives, were bound to hand over the possession of the present suit property to the plaintiffs. The suit property is known as “Govind Vilas” and “Mukut-Mahal” which were described in the plaint along with the map produced with the suit. The learned counsel Mr. Sandeep Sarupariya submitted that the findings of facts arrived at by both the learned two Courts below about the permissive possession of the suit property and decree of possession given in favour of the plaintiffs, as quoted above, are based on relevant and cogent evidence and the same cannot be said to be perverse in any manner nor there is any misreading of any evidence and document by the learned two Courts below and, therefore, no substantial question of law arises for consideration by this Court in this second appeal of the defendants and the same deserves to be dismissed. 10. I have heard the learned counsels for the parties at length and perused the record. Looking to the nature of close relationship between the parties, this Court also referred the matter for settlement of dispute through mediation on 24.11.2014 and the parties were directed to appear before the learned Mediator on 09.12.2014. However, unfortunately, the mediation talks appear to have failed vide communication dated 11.12.2014 along with Mediator's Report dated 09.12.2014 and 10.12.2014. Therefore, the arguments were heard on merits for admission of the present second appeal and to find out that as to whether any substantial question of law arises for consideration by this Court in the present second appeal filed by the defendants. 11. Therefore, the arguments were heard on merits for admission of the present second appeal and to find out that as to whether any substantial question of law arises for consideration by this Court in the present second appeal filed by the defendants. 11. Having heard the learned counsels for the parties and having gone through the record, this Court is satisfied that no substantial question of law arises for consideration by this Court in the present second appeal filed by the defendants and the concurrent findings recorded by the two Courts below are cogent findings of facts based on relevant evidence and do not give rise to any substantial question of law in the present second appeal. 12. That though the re-appreciation of the evidence is not permitted within the scope of second appeal under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, however, this Court looked into the relevant and important documents in the present case to test the validity of the findings returned by the two Courts below. Firstly, the document Ex. 15, the so-called partition deed dated 14.01.1958 and which has been quoted by the learned Trial Court also is quoted below for ready reference:-Ex.15 Memorandum of Partition dated 14.01.1958 and which has been quoted by the learned trial Court also is quoted below for ready reference: Ex.15 Memorandum of Partition dated 14.01.1958 ^^!! Jh gfj !! Firstly, the document Ex. 15, the so-called partition deed dated 14.01.1958 and which has been quoted by the learned Trial Court also is quoted below for ready reference:-Ex.15 Memorandum of Partition dated 14.01.1958 and which has been quoted by the learned trial Court also is quoted below for ready reference: Ex.15 Memorandum of Partition dated 14.01.1958 ^^!! Jh gfj !! jkoth lkgc Jh dsljh flag th vkSj HkkbZ Jh xkSo/kZu flag th] Jh enu flag th Jh fot; flag ds ijLij HkkbZ caV esa edku nsus dk iz'u mifLFkr gksus ij] ckn fopkj 4 HkkbZ;ksa dks fBdkuk ls fuEu izdkj ls edku nsuk r; gqvk 1- Jh xkSo/kZu flag th && NksVk njoktk ¼fctkSfy;k½ ds ikl dh gosyh 2- Jh enu flag th && ekth lkgc d`".kkorth dk uksgjk 3- Jh fot; flag th && ekth lkgc 'käkor th dk uksgjk Jh fot; flag dks tks uksgjk fn;k x;k gS blds ihNs tks [kkyh IykWV dWojink ds [kaMgj egyksa lesar gS rFkk bl uksgjk ds iwoZ esa tks Jh fd'ku njksxk dk iÍk'kqnk edku gS blds vkSj uksgjk ds chp esa tks Hkwfe gS og Hkh Jh fot; flag th ds uksgjk dh tehu esa lfEefyr gSA daojink ds egy 'kaMgj gS ftudks ;fn Jh fot; flag th fxjk dj edku cukosaxs ys ogkW dk eyck Jh fot; flag th vius mi;ksx esa ys ldsaxs ;fn os [kaMgj jkoth lkgc fxjok dj Jh fot; flag th dks IykWV ds :i esa Hkwfe lqiqnZ djsaxs rks [kaMgjksa dk eyck jkoth lkgc dk futh gksxkA Jh enu flag th vkSj Jh xkSo/kZu flag th dks Jh fot; flag th ds uksgjk ds ckjs esa fyf[kh mijksä ckr ls dksbZ erHksn ;k ,srjkt ugha gSA;g QSlyukek vkt ekg cn eaxyokj laor~ 2014 rkjh[k 14-1-58 dks fy[kh xbZA ys[kd & cus flag g- xkSo/kZu flag g- Bk- fot; flag g- Bk- enu flag g- vkj-,l- dsljh flag 14-1-1958 fo'ks"k & Jh xkSo/kZu flag th dks nh xbZ gosyh muds dCts esa gSA Jh enu flag th vkSj Jh fot; flag th dks mijksä fn, tkus okys uksgjs jkoth lkgc mUgsa QkYxqu lqn 15 laor~ 2015 rd lqiqnZ dj nsaxsA Jh xkSo/kZu flag th Jh enu flag th Jh fot; flag th laor~ 2017 ds QkYxqu lqn 15 rd jkt}kj ds vanj ds edku jkoth lkgc dks lqiqnZ dj nsaxs vkSj vius u, edkuksa esa jgsaxsA bl vof/k ds mijkUr ;fn dksbZ HkkbZ jkt}kj ds vanj muds vHkh jgus ds edkuksa esa jgsxk rks og jkoth lkgc dh ethZ vkSj 'krksZ ds vuqlkj jgh jg ldsxkA Jh fot; flag th dks fn, x, uksgjsa esa tks [kaMgj daojink ds Hkwfelkr djus djkus dh 'krZ gS og Hkh laor~ 2017 ds Qkx.k lqn 15 rd jkoth lkgc }kjk iwjh djkuh gksxh & ;fn bl vof/k ds mijkUr Hkh jkoth lkgc mls iwjk u djk;saxs rks Qkx.k lqn 15 laor~ 2017 ds ckn izR;sd ekg xqtjus ij] fot; flag th dks jkt}kjk ds vanj ekStwnk edku esa ,d o"kZ rd jgus dk vf/kdkjh gksxk vkSj ;g Øe izfr ekl izfr o"kZ ds fglkc ls vof/k c<+kus dk ekin.M gksxkA iwjs eghus ds 30 fnu ls de fnu ;g vof/k c<+kus esa ugha fxus tkosaxsA g- xkSo/kZu flag g- Bk- fot; flag g- Bk- enu flag g- vkj-,l- dsljh flag 14-1-1958 13. It is also noticed that the said partition deed dated 14.01.1958 was acted upon between two brothers namely, Goverdhan Singh and Madan Singh, out of the four brothers but the dispute continued between Keshari Singh and Vijay Singh. 14. The subsequent document executed between the two brothers namely, Keshari Singh and Vijay Singh, on 14.04.1968 which has been quoted by the learned First Appellate Court and which has been the bone of contention between the present two contesting parties is also again quoted herein below for ready reference:- Ex. 1 : Document dated 14.04.1968 (A dditional Memorandum read with Document dated 14.01.1958) ^^Jheku~ jkoth lkgc dsljh flag th vkSj muds lxs rhu HkkbZ loZ Jh xkso/kZu flag th] enu flag th] vkSj fot; flag th ds ijLij 14-1-58 dks NqV HkkbZ cav ds fy, jgokl ds edkuksa dk caVokjk gqvk Fkk mlesa ifjfLFkfro'k izxfr rks ugha gqbZ oju~ fot;flag th o jkoth lkgc ds njE;ku tks 'krsZa ml caVokjs ds fy[kr esa Fkh mudh ikyuk ;Fkk le; u gksus ls vfuf'prrk vkSj dfBukbZ mRiUu gksdj bu nksuksa HkkbZ;ksa ds ijLij edku caV dk iz;kstu gh vo:) lk gks x;k blfy, vkt ckn fopkj ;g r; fd;k tkrk gs fd fot; flag th dks tks uksgjk vkSj IykWV igys ds QSalyk eqrkfcd fn, x, gS os muds caV esa jgsaxs ysfdu tks IykWV ij daojins ds egyksa ds [kaMgj gS mUgsa jkoth lkgc laor~ 2015 ds vklkn lqn 15 rd mrjok nsaxs vkSj bl frfFk ds mijkUr 3 o"kZ esa fot;flag th vius HkkbZ caV ds uksgjs esa lifjokj jguk 'kq: dj nsaxsA vFkkZr~ laor~ 2028 ds vklkst lwn 15 rd orZeku jgokl ds edku dks NksM+ nsaxsA ;fn laor~ 2025 ds vklkst lqn 15 rd [kaMgj jkoth lkgc ugha mrjkosaxs rks blds mijkUr ftrus eghus [kaMgj mrjokus esa ysaxs rks izfr eghus ij fot;flag th dks ,d o"kZ ds fglkc ls orZeku edkuksa esa jgus dk vf/kdkj gksxkA [kaMgjksa dk eyck jkoth lkgc dk gksxkA ys[kd cus flag 14-4-68 ,l-Mh-@& vkj-,l- dsljh flag ,l-Mh-@& fot;flag ,l-Mh-@&^^ 15. The letter Ex. The letter Ex. A/2 dated 03.10.1968 regarding demolition of the “Kawarpada Ka Mahal” by Keshari Singh to Shri Bane Singh, the scribe of both the Documents dated 14.01.1958 and dated 14.04.1968 executed between the brothers, who from the said Inland letter address, appears to be a RAS Officer and was then the Principal of the Tehsildar Training School, Tonk and another letter in this regard sent by Bane Singh to the defendant Vijay Singh himself of which Acknowledgement Due (AD Receipt) signed by Vijay Singh on 08.10.1968 is Ex.2 on record. This acknowledgement (AD) is on record as Ex.2 clearly shows that the conditions to be complied with by the plaintiff Keshari Singh were duly complied with by him and it cannot be said that since the complete debris (malba) was not removed by him, as stated in the said letter, that it was being removed, it cannot be said that the agreement dated 14.04.1968 did not fructify or could not ensure to the benefit of said brother Keshari Singh. Subject to that agreement which is nothing but an extension of earlier Document of Partition dated 14.01.1958, the defendant Vijay Singh, now represented by his legal representative, the present defendants, Rajendra Singh & Ors., were bound to hand over the possession of the suit property namely, “Govind Vilas” and “Mukut-Mahal” occupied by him to his elder brother Keshari Singh and his family members, the present plaintiffs namely, Shri Chandraveer Singh and Smt. Chand Kumari. As per the said communication, which was exhibited as Ex. A/2 before the learned Trial court, it will appear that the parties under the said agreement at that point of time were not at good terms and that is why the said letter (Ex.A/2) was sent to the said Bane Singh, RAS, who was also examined by the learned Trial Court as PW-2 besides PW-1 Chandraveer Singh. A/2 before the learned Trial court, it will appear that the parties under the said agreement at that point of time were not at good terms and that is why the said letter (Ex.A/2) was sent to the said Bane Singh, RAS, who was also examined by the learned Trial Court as PW-2 besides PW-1 Chandraveer Singh. The contents of the said letter are also quoted herein below for ready reference:- ^^Jheku~ daq- lkgc Jh cusflag th dh lsok esa] t; Jh eksth ckckdh vtZ gkso v= dq'kya r=kLrq vkidks lwpukFkZ fuosnu gS fd daojink ds egy] ftudks mrkjus dk ftEek vki }kjk fd;s x;s ckgeh QSlys esa esjs Åij j[kk x;k FkkA og egy edku [kaMgj tks Hkh dgs vkf'ou 'kqDyk 15 2015 ds nl fnu iwoZ vFkkZr vkf'ou 'kqDyk 4 xq:okj dks uhoksa rd fxjk fn;k x;k gS] eyck mBk;k tk jgk gS izek.k ds fy, 5 vknfe;ksa }kjk izekf.kr dj i= utj dj jgk gwWA HkkbZ fot;flag th ds o muds nksuksa yM+ds jktsUnz flag] egsUnz flag esjs }kjk mrkjs x;s edku dh u rks jlhn nsus okys gS vkSj u mls le; ij mrjk gqvk gh Lohdkj djsaxs vr% vki gh esjs lcls cM+s izek.k gSaA vki mudks vkSj HkkbZ dks lwpuk c{kk nsjkosa] esjs i= dh igqWp o HkkbZ dks tks vki lwpuk fHktkoksa mldh lwpuk Hkh eq>s c{kkosa] d`ik jgs i=ksrj c{kkos] 'kqHke~ 2025 dk vkf'ou 'kqDyk 6 rk- 29-9-68 bZ- vkidk —ikfHkyk"kh jko lokbZ dsljhflag fctksfy;kW ge rLnhd djrs gS fd daojink dk egy ukeh [kaMgj uhoksa ruq fxj pqdk gS ftldks geus vklkst lwnh 4 xq:okj dks ekSdk ds mij ns[kk gS ghjkyky ubZoky n- mn;yky g- eksguyky g- Hkaojyky** 16. From the above, it is clear that as per the memorandum of partition dated 14.1.1958 read with subsequent agreement dated 14.4.1968 which is nothing but an extension of that old Memorandum of Partition only, the plaintiffs were clearly entitled to the possession of the suit property and the defendants Vijay Singh and his legal representatives, who were only in the permissive possession thereof, were bound to vacate the suit property and hand it over to the plaintiffs at the time of filing of suit. The admissibility of the documents has rightly been decided in favour of the plaintiffs by the learned Trial Court, since the memorandum of partition is not required to be stamped or registered and the Courts below have rightly held the suit to be within limitation of twelve years, computing the same from Samvat Year 2028 (1971) when defendants were bound to hand over the possession. The contention of the appellants-defendants that the limitation of only three years should have been allowed taking it as a suit of specific performance of the agreement dated 14.4.1968 is also misconceived, as the agreement of 1968 is just another addenda memorandum of partition of 1958 to complete certain acts on the part of the two brothers and the same is not an independent agreement for any separate consideration of which any specific performance was sought by the plaintiffs. 17. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in the cases of permissive possession not handed over back in the case of Margardia Sequeira Fernandes & Ors. vs. Erasmo Jack De Sequeria reported in (2012) 5 SCC 370 = 2012(2) RLW 1765 (SC) also held that possession on the basis of title of property is always a better claim as against the claim on the basis of permissive or adverse possession. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in a very detailed and researching judgment, detailing the four types of possession under property law; Easements Act, 1882, Transfer of Property Act, 1882 and Specific Relief Act, 1963, dealing with a case of a well known and respected Christian family of Goa where the permissive & free of cost possession of suit premises was given by a sister to her brother as a caretaker, while the sister with her husband was out of Goa in relation to his service in Navy and when the brother illegally denied her possession of her own house with title undisputed for 20 longs years, the Hon’ble Supreme Court allowing the sister’s appeal with costs of Rs.50,000/- and mesne profits of Rs.1 lac per month for the residential house, held in para 32 to 36 as under:- “Truth as guiding star in judicial process 32. In this unfortunate litigation, the Court's serious endeavour has to be to find out where in fact the truth lies. 33. The truth should be the guiding star in the entire judicial process. Truth alone has to be the foundation of justice. In this unfortunate litigation, the Court's serious endeavour has to be to find out where in fact the truth lies. 33. The truth should be the guiding star in the entire judicial process. Truth alone has to be the foundation of justice. The entire judicial system has been created only to discern and find out the real truth. Judges at all levels have to seriously engage themselves in the journey of discovering the truth. That is their mandate, obligation and bounden duty. Justice system will acquire credibility only when people will be convinced that justice is based on the foundation of the truth. 34. In Mohanlal Shamji Soni vs. Union of India 1991 Supp (1) SCC 271, this Court observed that in such a situation a question that arises for consideration is whether the presiding officer of a Court should simply sit as a mere umpire at a contest between two parties and declare at the end of the combat who has won and who has lost or is there not any legal duty of his own, independent of the parties, to take an active role in the proceedings in finding the truth and administering justice? It is a well accepted and settled principle that a Court must discharge its statutory functions - whether discretionary or obligatory- according to law in dispensing justice because it is the duty of a Court not only to do justice but also to ensure that justice is being done. 35. What people expect is that the Court should discharge its obligation to find out where in fact the truth lies. Right from inception of the judicial system it has been accepted that discovery, vindication and establishment of truth are the main purposes underlying the existence of the courts of justice. 36. In Ritesh Tewari and Anr. vs. State of U.P. & Ors. (2010) 10 SCC 677 this Court reproduced often quoted quotation which reads as under: “.....Every trial is voyage of discovery in which truth is the quest" ..........The quest of truth continues........, also in this case. 18. 36. In Ritesh Tewari and Anr. vs. State of U.P. & Ors. (2010) 10 SCC 677 this Court reproduced often quoted quotation which reads as under: “.....Every trial is voyage of discovery in which truth is the quest" ..........The quest of truth continues........, also in this case. 18. Deprecating false claims and defences, which are considered really serious problems with real estate litigation, predominantly because of ever-escalating prices of the real estate, the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the aforesaid judgment in para 81 and 82 observed as under:- “False claims and defences are really serious problems with real estate litigation, predominantly because of ever-escalating prices of the real estate. Litigation pertaining to valuable real estate properties is dragged on by unscrupulous litigants in the hope that the other party will tire out and ultimately would settle with them by paying a huge amount. This happens because of the enormous delay in adjudication of cases in the Courts. The Supreme Court in Ramrameshwari Devi case, (2011) 8 SCC 249 aptly observed that unless wrongdoers are denied profit from frivolous litigation, it would be difficult to prevent it. In order to curb uncalled for and frivolous litigation, the courts have to ensure that there is no incentive or motive for uncalled for litigation. This problem can be solved or at least can be minimised if exemplary costs is imposed for instituting frivolous litigation. Imposition of actual, realistic or proper costs and/or ordering prosecution in appropriate case would go a long way in controlling the tendency of introducing false pleadings and forged and fabricated documents by the litigants. Imposition of heavy costs would also control unnecessary adjournments by the parties. In appropriate cases, the courts may consider ordering prosecution otherwise it may not be possible to maintain purity and sanctity of judicial proceedings.” 19. And then finally, allowing the sister’s appeal as aforesaid and laying down the principles of law in para 97 to 101, the Hon’ble Supreme Court held as under:- “97. Principles of law which emerge in this case are crystallized as under:- 1. No one acquires title to the property if he or she was allowed to stay in the premises gratuitously. Even by long possession of years or decades such person would not acquire any right or interest in the said property. 2. Caretaker, watchman or servant can never acquire interest in the property irrespective of his long possession. No one acquires title to the property if he or she was allowed to stay in the premises gratuitously. Even by long possession of years or decades such person would not acquire any right or interest in the said property. 2. Caretaker, watchman or servant can never acquire interest in the property irrespective of his long possession. The caretaker or servant has to give possession forthwith on demand. 3. The Courts are not justified in protecting the possession of a caretaker, servant or any person who was allowed to live in the premises for some time either as a friend, relative, caretaker or as a servant. 4. The protection of the Court can only be granted or extended to the person who has valid, subsisting rent agreement, lease agreement or license agreement in his favour. 5. The caretaker or agent holds property of the principal only on behalf of the principal. He acquires no right or interest whatsoever for himself in such property irrespective of his long stay or possession. 98. In this view of the matter, the impugned judgment of the High Court as also of the Trial Court deserve to be set aside and we accordingly do so. Consequently, this Court directs that the possession of the suit premises be handed over to the appellant, who is admittedly the owner of the suit property. 99. In the peculiar facts and circumstances of this case, the legal representatives of the respondent are granted three months time to vacate the suit premises. They are further directed that after the expiry of the three months period, the vacant and peaceful possession of the suit property be handed over to the appellant. The usual undertaking to this effect be filed by the legal representatives of the respondent in this Court within two weeks. 100. The legal representatives of the respondent are also directed to pay Rs.1,00,000/- (Rupees one Lakh) per month towards the use and occupation of the premises for a period of three months. The said amount for use and occupation be given to the appellant on or before the 10th of every month. In case the legal representatives of the respondent are not willing to pay the amount for use and occupation as directed by this Court, they must hand over the possession of the premises within two weeks from the date of this judgment. In case the legal representatives of the respondent are not willing to pay the amount for use and occupation as directed by this Court, they must hand over the possession of the premises within two weeks from the date of this judgment. Thereafter, if the legal representatives of the respondent do not hand over peaceful possession of the suit property, in that event, the appellant would be at liberty to get the possession of the premises by taking police help. 101. As a result, the appeal of the appellant is allowed. In the facts and circumstances of the case, the respondents are directed to pay a cost of Rs.50,000/- to the appellant within four weeks. (We have imposed the moderate cost in view of the fact that the original respondent has expired). Ordered accordingly.” 20. In view of the above discussion, this Court is of the considered opinion that no substantial question of law arises for the consideration by this Court in the present second appeal of the defendants-Rajendra Singh & Ors. and, therefore, the second appeal filed by the defendants is found to be devoid of any merit and the same is liable to be dismissed. 21. Accordingly and in view of the above, the present second appeal filed by the appellants-defendants-Rajendra Singh & Ors. is dismissed. No orders as to costs. A copy of this order be sent to both the Courts below and the parties concerned forthwith. 22. The defendants-appellants shall hand over the possession of the suit property as described in the suit known as “Govind Vilas” and “Mukut-Mahal” to the plaintiffs and take in their possession the property known as “Kawarpada Ka Mahal”, which was demolished by Keshari Singhji, if not already so taken within three months from today. The defendants shall not part with possession of the suit property or create any interest therein of any third party. If so done, that shall be treated as void and any such third party will be also bound by the decree. If decree is not complied with within three months, besides the expeditious execution of the decree in normal course, the respondents-plaintiffs shall also be entitled to invoke the contempt jurisdiction of this Court.