Research › Search › Judgment

Gauhati High Court · body

2015 DIGILAW 983 (GAU)

Ghana Kanta Kalita v. Lok Nath Kalita

2015-08-07

SUMAN SHYAM

body2015
JUDGMENT : 1. Heard Mr. P. K. Kalita, learned counsel for the appellants. Also heard Mr. B. K. Singh, learned counsel representing the respondents. 2. This Second Appeal has been preferred against the judgment and decree dated 05.08.2003 passed by the Civil Judge (Senior Division), Morigaon in Title Appeal No.5/2003 by which the challenge made by the appellants/defendants to the judgment and decree passed in Title Suit No.54/1994 by the Civil Judge (Junior Division) No.1, Morigaon, had rejected the counter claim on the ground of non-payment of Court fee. 3. The brief facts of the case may be noticed as follows. The plaintiffs had filed Title Suit No.54/1994 in the Court of Civil Judge (Junior Division) No.1, Morigaon, inter alia, praying for a decree for declaration of right, title and interest and confirmation of possession over the Schedule-A land and also for other consequential reliefs including a decree for permanent injunction. The case of the plaintiffs is that total land measuring 16 bigha 2 katha 17 lechas described in Schedule-A to the plaint covered by different dag numbers of Periodic Patta No.99 and 100 of Sukotipota Kissam under Nijghogua Mouza is the subject matter of dispute in the suit. The suit patta was originally standing in the name of one Sivaram Kalita and Shantiram Kalita as per the records. Sivaram Kalita had three brothers, namely, 1) Konpai i.e. father of the plaintiffs, 2) Edhan and 3) Bholai. Sivaram Kalita died on 11.11.1992 and Konpai died about 20/21 years before that. The plaintiffs have stated that they have been possessing the suit land since more than 30/40 years although they claimed to be ignorant as to the manner in which they came into possession of the suit land. Accordingly, mutation had also been granted in favour of the plaintiffs by the order dated 22.12.1986 of the Circle Officer, Mayang. After the death of Sivaram Kalita, the defendants started making claim over the suit land and the defendant No.1 even filed Misc. Case No.3/1989 seeking cancellation of the mutation granted in favour of the plaintiffs. On such factual background the plaintiffs had filed the Title Suit praying for declaration of their right, title and interest on the basis of adverse possession. 4. Case No.3/1989 seeking cancellation of the mutation granted in favour of the plaintiffs. On such factual background the plaintiffs had filed the Title Suit praying for declaration of their right, title and interest on the basis of adverse possession. 4. The defendants/appellant Nos.1 to 4 along with proforma defendant Nos.1 and 2 contested the suit by filing their written statement along with a counter claim, inter alia, claimed that Sivaram Kalita i.e. the father of principal defendant No.1 and Ghanakanta Kalita as well as Shantiram Kalita were the rightful owners and pattadars in possession of the entire suit patta. Sivaram Kalita was the sole owner of the suit land the principal defendant No.1 had inherited the suit land. Accordingly, he along with other defendants have been possessing the entire suit land as owners. The defendants have further alleged that the plaintiffs behind the back of the defendants had illegally and fraudulently obtained the chitha mutation in respect of the suit land on 22.12.1986. The defendants had also filed Misc. Case No.3/1989 for cancellation of the chitha mutation whereby the learned ADC, Morigaon, had passed an order dated 15.12.1994 cancelling the chitha mutation granted in favour of the plaintiffs. On the basis of such averments, the defendants had not only prayed for dismissal of the suit but had also made a counter-claim seeking a decree declaring their right, title and interest and confirmation of possession over the land described in Schedule-A(II), (III) and (IV) of the plaint as well as for a consequential decree of recovery of khsas possession in respect of the Schedule-A(I) of the plaint. 5. Based on the pleadings of the parties the trial Court had framed as many as 13 issues which as follows :- “1. Whether there is any cause of action for the suit? 2. Whether the suit is maintainable in its present form? 3. Whether the suit is bad for defect of parties ? 4. Whether the suit is barred by limitation? 5. Whether the suit is barred by the principle of waiver, estoppels and acquiescence? 6. Whether the suit is properly valued and proper Court fee has been paid? 7. Whether the value of the suit is above the pecuniary jurisdiction? 8. Whether the principal defendant No.1 inherited the entire suit land and since then the principal defendant No.1 alongwith the other defendants possessing the entire suit land paying the land revenue regularly? 6. Whether the suit is properly valued and proper Court fee has been paid? 7. Whether the value of the suit is above the pecuniary jurisdiction? 8. Whether the principal defendant No.1 inherited the entire suit land and since then the principal defendant No.1 alongwith the other defendants possessing the entire suit land paying the land revenue regularly? 9. Whether the plaintiffs behind the back of the defendants illegally and fraudulently obtained chita mutation in respect of the suit land on 22.12.86? 10. Whether on 23.11.96 the plaintiffs forceably entered into the suit land and illegally constructed a thatched house thereon? 11. Whether the plaintiffs have got right, title and interest over the suit land? 12. Whether the defendants have got right, title and interest over the suit land? 13. To what relief, if any, the parties are entitled to?” 6. On a perusal of the issues, as aforesaid, it would be apparent that the learned Court below did not frame any issue pertaining to the counter claim made by the defendants. The reason for such omission, as is apparent from the records, is on account of the fact that the defendants although had valued their counter-claim yet no court fee had been paid in respect of the counter-claim. The contesting defendants had rather reserved their right to pay ad-valorem court fee as required. 7. It appears from the record that during the stage of trial, the learned trial Court had fixed 17.09.1997 and thereafter 11.11.1997 for paying Court fee by the defendants in respect of the counter-claim. However, no such court fee had been paid by the defendants despite the order passed by the trial Court, as aforesaid. The said defendants also did not file any petition seeking extension of time to pay the required court fee. 8. Upon hearing the learned counsels for the parties the trial Court had dismissed the suit filed by the plaintiff on the grounds and reasons mentioned therein. The counter claim filed by the defendants/appellants was not entertained on account of non-payment of court fee despite the orders passed by the Court to such effect. 9. Being aggrieved by the judgment and decree passed by the trial Court, the plaintiffs had preferred a Title Appeal which was also dismissed by the First Appellate Court. The decree of dismissal was eventually upheld by this Court in a Second Appeal preferred by the plaintiffs. 10. 9. Being aggrieved by the judgment and decree passed by the trial Court, the plaintiffs had preferred a Title Appeal which was also dismissed by the First Appellate Court. The decree of dismissal was eventually upheld by this Court in a Second Appeal preferred by the plaintiffs. 10. In so far as the order passed by the learned trial Court refusing to entertain the counter-claim filed by the defendants on the ground of non-payment of court fee is concerned, the defendant Nos.1 to 4 as appellants had preferred Title Appeal No.5/2003 before the Court of Civil Judge (Senior Division), Morigaon on the grounds and reasons mentioned in the memorandum of appeal. After hearing the learned counsels for the parties, by the judgment and order dated 05-0802003, the Lower Appellate Court had rejected the appeal filed by the defendants by affirming the view taken by the trial Court. 11. Being aggrieved by the judgment and order dated 05.08.2003 passed by the learned Lower Appellate Court in Title Appeal No.5/2003 the defendant Nos.1 to 4 as appellants have preferred the present Second Appeal which was admitted to formal hearing by framing the following substantial question of law :- “Whether the counter claim can be dismissed for alleged non-payment of the Court fee as ordered by the Court and when there is no order of dismissing the counter claim on that count.” 12. Mr. P. K. Kalita, learned counsel for the appellants, submits that although the defendants/appellants had failed to pay the Court fee in respect of the counter-claim before the trial court, yet in the Title Appeal No.5/2003 the appellants/defendants had paid Court Fee far in excess of what is payable in respect of the claim. He further submits that as per Section 149 of the CPC, the Court has the power to permit a party to make up for the deficiency of court fee at any stage of the proceeding. As such, the present is a fit case where such discretionary power under Section 149 of the CPC is required to be invoked for the ends of justice. 13. Relying upon the judgment and decision of the Hon’ble Apex Court reported in AIR 1961 SC 1299 [ Sri Rathnavarmaraja v. Smt. Vimla] as well as in AIR 1971 SC 1374 [Mannan Lal v. Mst. Chhotka Bibi (dead) by her legal representative and others] Mr. 13. Relying upon the judgment and decision of the Hon’ble Apex Court reported in AIR 1961 SC 1299 [ Sri Rathnavarmaraja v. Smt. Vimla] as well as in AIR 1971 SC 1374 [Mannan Lal v. Mst. Chhotka Bibi (dead) by her legal representative and others] Mr. Kalita submits that the plaintiffs cannot have any grievance on account of non-payment of court fee since payment of court fee is a matter between the party claiming the relief and the Revenue. He further submits that the CPC provides for ample powers to the Court to permit a litigant to supply with the deficient court fee and once such court fee is furnished the defect in the plaint/ counter-claim on account of non-payment of court fee would have to be treated as cured. He further submits that save and except failing to furnish the court fee before the trial Court, the appellants/defendants have paid court fee before both the appellate forums. 14. Mr. Kalita further submits that even assuming that the counter claim was liable to be rejected under Order VII Rule 11(c) of the CPC on account of non-payment of court fee, even in that case Order VII Rule 12 makes it mandatory for the Judge to record an order to that effect with the reasons for such order where a plaint is rejected. He, therefore, submits that since there is no order of rejection of the counter-claim made by the trial Court, hence, the First Appellate Court was not justified in the eye of law in dismissing the Title Appeal filed by the appellants/defendants. 15. Mr. B. K. Singh, learned counsel for the respondents, on the other hand, submits that this is a case where the counter-claimants/ defendants had been negligent in pursuing their counter-claim inasmuch as the counter claimant had failed to pay the court fee despite specific orders passed by the Court to such effect on two occasions. Such being the position, they have waived their right to press the counter claim which has been rightly held so by the Court below. In that view of the matter, submits Mr. Singh, the substantial question of law framed in this case does not arise for consideration in favour of the appellants. 16. I have considered the rival submissions made by and on behalf of the parties and also perused the record. In that view of the matter, submits Mr. Singh, the substantial question of law framed in this case does not arise for consideration in favour of the appellants. 16. I have considered the rival submissions made by and on behalf of the parties and also perused the record. It is the admitted position of fact that the defendants/counter claimants/appellants did not pay the court fee that was payable under the law in respect of the counter claim before the court of first instance. It is also not in dispute that the learned trial Court had fixed two dates specifically for furnishing court fee by the defendants/ counter claimant. Despite such order passed by the trial Court the counter claimants, admittedly, did not pay the court fee. There is nothing on record to indicate as to the reason why such court fee had not been paid. Even at this stage the appellants have not made any attempt to explain as to why the requisite court fee was not supplied by them before the trial Court. 17. Order VII Rule 11(c) of the CPC enjoins a duty upon the trial Court to reject a plaint where the party claiming the relief fails to supply the requisite stamp paper on being required by the Court to supply within the time to be fixed by the Court. Order VII Rule 11(c) is quoted herein below for ready reference :- “7. Rejection of plaint.--- The plaint shall be rejected in the following cases:- (a) ……. (b) …… (c) Where the relief claimed is properly valued, but the plaint is written upon paper insufficiently stamped, and the plaintiff, on being required by the Court to supply the requisite stamp-paper within a time to be fixed by the Court, fails to do so;” 18. The aforesaid provision of Order VII Rule 11 ( c) would apply with equal force to a counter-claim as well. Although it is evident from the record that on 17.09.1997 and 11.11.1997 the trial Court had fixed time for supplying the court fee by the counter claimant, yet, the same had not been paid . The counter claimant does not appear to have filed any application praying for extension of time for paying the court fee. 19. Although it is evident from the record that on 17.09.1997 and 11.11.1997 the trial Court had fixed time for supplying the court fee by the counter claimant, yet, the same had not been paid . The counter claimant does not appear to have filed any application praying for extension of time for paying the court fee. 19. The proviso to Order VII Rule 11 makes it clear that the time fixed by the Court for correction of valuation or supplying of the requisite stamp paper shall not be extended unless the Court, for reasons to be recorded, is satisfied that the party was prevented by sufficient cause of an exceptional nature. Therefore, the court had the discretionary power to grant extension of time to the counter-claimants to supply the requisite stamp paper on being satisfied that the counter-claimants were prevented by any cause of exceptional nature for supplying the stamp paper and that refusal to extend such time would cause grave injustice to them. However, in the instant case no such prayer was made by the counter-claimants before the court. Under the circumstances , the court would have no other option but to reject the counter-claim by invoking powers under Rule 11 ( c ) of Order VII CPC. The said position would become further apparent from the language used in Order VII Rule 11 CPC which says “ the plaint shall be rejected in the following cases “. 20. There is yet another aspect of the matter which shows the negligence and laches on the part of the counter claimants. When the issues were framed there was no issue framed by the trial Court regarding the counter claim but the defendants did not make any objection to the same which fact would go to show that they were never serious about perusing the counter- claim before the Trial Court. 21. As regards the objection raised by the appellants under Order VII Rule 12 CPC is concerned, it may be mentioned here-in that the learned trial court has categorically observed in the judgment dated 29.01.2002 passed in Title Suit No.54/1994 that the counter claim cannot be accepted due to failure on the part of the counter claimants to pay the court fee despite repeated opportunities granted by the Court. The said order, in my considered opinion, would amount to substantial compliance with the requirement of Order VII Rule 12 CPC. The said order, in my considered opinion, would amount to substantial compliance with the requirement of Order VII Rule 12 CPC. 22. It is no doubt the correct proposition of law that the payment of court fee is a matter between the court and the litigant and failure to pay court fee would not vest any right upon the opposite party touching upon the merit of the case. However, once the Court had required the party to furnish the court fee and the same was not complied with the court would be under an obligation to reject the plaint acting under the provisions of Order VII Rule 11(c) CPC. Section 149 of the CPC , no doubt confers power upon the court to allow the plaintiff ( in this case counter-claimant ) to make up for the deficiency of court fees at any stage of the proceeding. Such power of the court is purely discretionary in nature. By the orders dated 17.09.1997 and 11.11.97 the trial court had in fact allowed the counter-claimant to pay the court fee which they failed to supply without any valid reason. The orders dated 17.09.97 and 11.11.97 were in fact orders passed in exercise of power under section 149 CPC. Under such circumstances, I am of the view that the learned trial Court had rightly refused to entertain the counter claim filed by the appellants/counter claimants. 23. The learned First Appellant Court had also affirmed the aforesaid view taken by the trial court and held that the counter claim filed by the defendants/counter claimants was not acceptable on account of non-payment of court fee. I do not find any error in the view taken by the lower appellate court justifying any interference by this court . 24. In the result, this Second Appeal must fail and the same is accordingly dismissed. The substantial question of law stands answered against the appellants. However, having regard to the facts and circumstances of the case, there would be no order as to cost.