JUDGMENT : A. HARIPRASAD, J. 1. Appellants challenge the conviction and sentence under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (in short "IPC") awarded by the learned Sessions Judge, Thrissur in S.C. No. 54 of 2004. 2. Prosecution case, in short, is as follows: Deceased Bhavani was residing with her children in a Laksham Veedu Colony at Chattikulam in Kodassery Village. The appellants are her neighbours. Deceased Bhavani belonged to Hindu-Pulaya community which is a Scheduled Caste. Appellants 1 and 2 are members of Viswakarma community and the 3rd appellant belongs to Hindu-Pulaya community. There were boundary disputes between the deceased and appellants. Several complaints were preferred against each other in the police station concerned. On 19.01.2000 at 5.10 p.m. the deceased, after finishing her work, was travelling in a bus back home. Along with her, the appellants were also present in the bus. When the bus stopped at Chattikulam bus stop, the appellants 1 and 2 alighted from the bus hurriedly and pulled the deceased by lock of her hair. The 3rd appellant pushed her out from behind. She fell on the road with face down. Thereafter, the appellants incessantly beat, fisted and stamped the deceased, who was lying on the road. It is also contended that one of the appellants hit on her forehead with a piece of stone. When the deceased cried out, large number of people converged and then the appellants fled. She crawled towards the house of CW2 craving for water. Thereafter the matter was informed to police over phone. A police jeep came and she was taken to the Taluk Head Quarters Hospital, Chalakudy. Doctor examined her and found her condition critical. She was referred to Medical College Hospital, Thrissur. As there was nobody to take her to the Medical College Hospital, Thrissur at that time, she was admitted in the hospital. On the next day, she was again referred to the Medical College Hospital and on the way she succumbed to the injuries. 3. Heard the learned counsel for the appellants and the learned Special Public Prosecutor appearing for the State. 4. The prosecution examined 17 witnesses and marked 26 documents to prove their case. There was no defence witness. Material objects 1 to 11 are also marked. 5. 3. Heard the learned counsel for the appellants and the learned Special Public Prosecutor appearing for the State. 4. The prosecution examined 17 witnesses and marked 26 documents to prove their case. There was no defence witness. Material objects 1 to 11 are also marked. 5. Learned counsel for the appellants contended that the trial court legally went wrong in finding that the appellants are guilty of the offence under Section 302 IPC. Further it is contended that the court below did not correctly appreciate the evidence to arrive at the finding. Before dealing with the legal issues raised, we shall deal with the evidence adduced by the prosecution to prove guilt of the appellants. 6. PWs. 1 to 3 are the eye witnesses. PW-3 Shiju has seen the first part of the incident. He was also residing at Chattikulam at the relevant time. He knew Bhavani long before the incident. All the appellants and PW-3 are neighbours and they were known to each other. The incident was on 19.01.2000 at about 7.40 p.m. He is a welder by profession. He was working at Chalakudy on that day. He along with his father came in the same bus in which the appellants and deceased Bhavani travelled. When the bus left Chalakudy, all of them were standing because the bus was crowded. After some time, PW-3, Bhavani and the appellants got seat in the bus. When the bus was about to stop where Bhavani was expected to alight, the appellants 1 and 3 jumped out of the bus. They pulled Bhavani by tuft and the 2nd appellant pushed her. She fell down. The 1st appellant took MO1 stone and hit on her forehead. At that time appellants 2 and 3 exhorted to finish her. All the three appellants repeatedly assaulted the deceased. They fisted and stamped the deceased. The incident took place on a rough surface of a public road margin. On seeing the blood oozing from the body of deceased, PW-3 was petrified. He went away from the place. It is his version that there was enough light to see the incident. A street light was located near the place of occurrence. That apart, moon light was also available. This witness was subjected to cross examination. It has come out in cross examination that the appellants boarded the bus initially and thereafter deceased Bhavani and PW-3 entered the bus. It is his version that there was enough light to see the incident. A street light was located near the place of occurrence. That apart, moon light was also available. This witness was subjected to cross examination. It has come out in cross examination that the appellants boarded the bus initially and thereafter deceased Bhavani and PW-3 entered the bus. Deceased Bhavani, appellants and PW-3 were to alight at Chattikulam bus stop. It is the version of PW-3 in cross examination that when they were sitting, he saw the appellants talking to one another. Of course, he did not hear as to what was their conversation. Testimony of PW-3 regarding the first part of the incident remains unshaken despite cross examination. 7. PWs. 1 and 2 are the witnesses cited to prove the rest of the incident. PW-1 is an inhabitant adjacent to the deceased's house. He also identified all the appellants from the box. There is no case for the defence that PWs. 1 to 3 had no previous acquaintance with the appellants. Therefore identity of the accused is not an issue raised before the trial court. PW-1 is a barber. He used to close his shop by dusk. On that day, he closed shop by 7' O clock. At about 7.30 p.m. he saw two persons running towards the bus stop. They informed him that somebody was attacking the deceased. He also went to the place. He saw the appellants stamping the deceased. Immediately thereafter many persons reached at the place. He also stated that there was enough light to see the incident. It is the version of PW-1 that Bhavani, with much difficulty, went to the house of CW2 Davis seeking drinking water. Thereafter a police jeep came and she was taken to hospital. This witness deposed that there were boundary disputes between the appellants and deceased. He is a witness to Ext.P1 inquest report. Despite cross examination, this witness adhered to his version in the chief examination and no discredit could be made to disbelieve him. It is also stated by this witness that when people converged, the appellants intimidated and said that nobody should come close to the deceased. PW-2 also testified in terms of PW-1. He came shortly after PW-1 had reached the place. He is also a neighbour and he identified the appellants from the dock. It is also stated by this witness that when people converged, the appellants intimidated and said that nobody should come close to the deceased. PW-2 also testified in terms of PW-1. He came shortly after PW-1 had reached the place. He is also a neighbour and he identified the appellants from the dock. PW-2 in chief examination deposed that all the three appellants were incessantly beating, fisting and stamping the deceased. 3rd appellant flexed her legs and stamped on lower part of her abdomen forcefully and at that time Bhavani cried out for help. 2nd appellant stamped on the shoulder and face. All of them were continuously beating and fisting Bhavani is spoken to by this witness too. This witness also deposed that the assailants threatened the persons assembled who wanted to rescue the victim. Bhavani was in a hapless condition. In cross examination, this witness did not deviate from the prosecution version. This witness also spoke to the effect that there was enough light to identify the role played by each assailant in the incident. 8. PW-4 is a witness to Ext.P2 scene mahazar. If Ext.P2 scene mahazar is read along with Ext.P5 plan, it can be seen that the incident was on the northern margin of a public road lying in east-west direction. The ground was hard with full of rubbles. 9. PW-5 is a witness to the recovery of a case sheet, Ext.P3. It shows that the deceased was admitted to Government Hospital, Chalakudy. Ext.P3 further shows that on admission, the doctor suspected internal hemorrhage. 10. PW-6 is the doctor, who examined the deceased on 19.01.2000 at 9.30 p.m. from the Government Hospital, Chalakudy. He prepared Ext.P4 wound certificate. It is mentioned in Ext.P4 that at about 7.00 p.m., on that date, she was attacked by three persons with stone and they stamped her on lower abdomen. Ext.P4 further shows that she sustained multiple lacerations and abrasions. As per Ext.P4 internal bleeding was suspected and therefore the patient was referred to Medical College Hospital, Thrissur. PW-6 deposed that as no relative of her was present at that time to take her to Medical College Hospital, she was admitted in that hospital itself. PW-6 identified Ext.P3 case sheet kept in the hospital. Despite cross examination, no dent could be made on the credibility of this witness. 11. PW-6 deposed that as no relative of her was present at that time to take her to Medical College Hospital, she was admitted in that hospital itself. PW-6 identified Ext.P3 case sheet kept in the hospital. Despite cross examination, no dent could be made on the credibility of this witness. 11. PW-7 prepared Ext.P5 on the basis of the recitals in the scene mahazar. 12. PW-8 worked as a police constable in Kodakara Police station. He is a witness to Exts.P6 and P7 mahazers whereby the complaints filed by the deceased against the appellants and those filed by the appellants against the deceased were produced. This will only show that the parties were engaged in civil disputes even prior to the incident. 13. PW-9 conducted autopsy on the body of deceased on 21.01.2000. Deceased had 52 antemortem injuries. Ext.P8 is the postmortem certificate. It is opined by PW9 that the deceased died due to perforation of small intestine and peritonitis due to blunt injury sustained to abdomen. He deposed in chief examination that injury No. 52 noted on Ext.P8, on the vital part of her body, was the cause of death. It has also come out in evidence that injury No. 52 would be caused by forcibly fisting or stamping on the lower part of abdomen. There is no cross examination to discredit the version of this witness. 14. PW-10 worked as Tahsildar, Mukundapuram Taluk. He issued the caste certificates, Exts.P9 and P10, showing that the deceased and the 3rd appellant belonged to Pulaya Community, which is a Scheduled Caste. 15. PW-11 was the Head Constable of Vellikulangara Police station. On 19.01.2000 he received a phone message that the deceased was lying by the side of a road after being attacked by some persons. He deputed a police constable in a jeep to fetch her. Thereafter she was taken to hospital. By about 10' O clock in the night, he recorded the statement of the victim, which is marked as Ext.P11. Ext.P11(a) FIR was registered initially under Sections 323 and 324 read with Section 34 IPC. Thereafter he went to the place of occurrence at 9.30 a.m. on the next morning. He prepared Ext.P2 scene mahazer. He recovered MOs 1 to 5 from the place of occurrence. He conducted a part of investigation and produced the property list before concerned court. Ext.P11(a) FIR was registered initially under Sections 323 and 324 read with Section 34 IPC. Thereafter he went to the place of occurrence at 9.30 a.m. on the next morning. He prepared Ext.P2 scene mahazer. He recovered MOs 1 to 5 from the place of occurrence. He conducted a part of investigation and produced the property list before concerned court. It has come out in cross examination of this witness that the deceased was capable of speaking out when he recorded Ext.P11. She was writhing with pain. On the next day after her death, Assistant Sub Inspector of Police filed Ext.P13 report before the court for incorporating an offence under Section 302 IPC to the charge. Signature of the officer who submitted Ext.P13 is proved through this witness. 16. PW-12 was the Circle Inspector of Police, Pudukkad. He took over investigation on 20.01.2000. He conducted the inquest, which is marked as Ext.P1. Thereafter he recovered dresses worn by the deceased, which are marked as MOs 6 to 11. He submitted a report to add the penal provisions under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, which is marked as Ext.P14. He produced a property list, which is marked as Ext.P15. Rest of the investigation was done by a Deputy Superintendent of Police as the offences under the above mentioned Act were revealed. 17. PW-13 was the Superintendent, District Hospital, Thrissur. On 24.01.2000 he was the Casualty Medical Officer. He identified Dr. Prasad, who examined the appellants and issued Exts.P16 to 18 wound certificates. 18. PW-14 was working as Assistant Superintendent of Police, Thrissur. He conducted a part of investigation. He seized the case sheet as per Ext.P6 and questioned some of the witnesses. 19. PW-15 was working as Deputy Superintendent of Police, Thrissur at the material time. He took over the investigation on 21.06.2002. He forwarded the material objects for chemical examination. Ext.P19 is the report issued by the Chemical Examiner. It shows that the material objects forwarded for examination contained human blood. He spoke about the receipt of Exts.P9 and P10 caste certificates. 20. PW-16 was cited to prove that the deceased had given two complaints against the appellants before police and the appellants had given three complaints against the deceased. This deposition is unchallenged as it is admitted that they were fighting on a boundary dispute long time before the incident. 21. 20. PW-16 was cited to prove that the deceased had given two complaints against the appellants before police and the appellants had given three complaints against the deceased. This deposition is unchallenged as it is admitted that they were fighting on a boundary dispute long time before the incident. 21. PW-17 functioned as Deputy Superintendent of Police, Thrissur from 19.06.1999 to 04.07.2001. He also conducted a part of the investigation. He recovered various documents. He filed Ext.P25 report showing the names and details of the appellants. He also filed another report to delete the name of Ayyappankutty, who had been shown as 2nd accused in the FIR (Ext.P11(a)). That report is marked as Ext.P26. Despite cross examination, his testimony remains credible. 22. We have scanned through the evidence. We do not find any reason to think that the prosecution witnesses falsely implicated the appellants in the crime. Learned counsel for the appellants contended that there is dichotomy in the previous statements of witnesses and the case proved at the time when they were examined. It is seen from the testimony of PWs. 1 to 3 that their credibility has not been impeached by cross examination. PW-3 candidly said that when the deceased was about to get out of the bus, the appellants started attacking her without any provocation from her side. The suggestion put to the witness in cross examination by the learned defence counsel does not show any specific case for inferring that the deceased must have sustained injuries in any manner other than the one stated by the prosecution witnesses. 23. Learned counsel for the appellants contended that non- disclosure of names of the accused in Ext.P4 wound certificate is fatal to the prosecution case. To buttress this contention, a decision reported in Devinder vs. State of Haryana, AIR 1997 SC 454 is pressed into service. It is true that normally a person would have revealed the identity of assailants to the doctor at the time of admission to hospital. It has come out in evidence that there are reliable testimony of PWs. 1 to 3 that the victim was in a state of utter confusion and she was reeling under excruciating pain. Therefore, it may not be proper for us to think that she must have given all the details at the time of admission to the hospital itself. It has come out in evidence that there are reliable testimony of PWs. 1 to 3 that the victim was in a state of utter confusion and she was reeling under excruciating pain. Therefore, it may not be proper for us to think that she must have given all the details at the time of admission to the hospital itself. It has also come out in evidence that none of her relatives were present when she was hospitalized. Therefore, we do not find any reason to apply the principle in the above decision to the facts of this case. 24. Learned counsel for the appellants contended that even if this Court believes the testimony of PWs. 1 to 3 and the medical evidence, the offence revealed will not fall within the definition of murder under Section 300 IPC. It is also contended that the appellants are entitled to Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC. Section 300 IPC reads as follows: "300. Murder.-Except in the cases hereinafter excepted, culpable homicide is murder, if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death. Secondly - If it is done with the intention of causing such bodily injury as the offender knows to be likely to cause the death of the person to whom the harm is caused. Thirdly - If it is done with the intention of causing bodily injury to any person and the bodily injury intended to be inflicted is sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death. Fourthly - If the person committing the act knows that it is so imminently dangerous that it must, in all probability, cause death or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, and commits such act without any excuse for incurring the risk of causing death or such injury as aforesaid." Exception 4 is also excerpted hereunder: "Culpable homicide is not murder if it is committed without premeditation in a sudden fight in the heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel and without the offender having taken undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner. Explanation - It is immaterial in such cases which party offers the provocation or commits the first assault." It is settled law that in order to attract this exception to make a culpable homicide not a murder, it should have been committed without a premeditation, in a sudden fight, in the heat of passion, upon a sudden quarrel and without the offender having taken undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner. All these ingredients must co-exist and they should be brought out in evidence so as to claim the benefit. Merely because the homicide was committed without a premeditation and in a sudden fight, it is not sufficient to attract this exception. It must be further established that it had happened in the heat of passion, upon a sudden quarrel. In this case, the evidence tendered by PWs. 1 to 3 will show that the appellants started attacking the deceased even before she came out of the bus. There is no suggestion made to the witnesses at the time of cross examination that there was any wordy quarrel between the appellant and the deceased inside the bus. The probability shows that the appellants must be waiting for an opportunity to attack her. There is no question of any sudden quarrel arising in this case. Further the concerted act of the appellants would only indicate the execution of a premeditation. It must have been developed from the bus itself. Further, we do not find any reason to apply the principle in Exception 4 to the facts and circumstances proved in this case. 25. Learned counsel for the appellants relied on the decisions in Kapur Singh vs. State of Pepsu, AIR 1956 SC 654 and Soman vs. State of Kerala, (2008) 17 SCC 244 to claim the benefit under Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC. On the facts, the decisions referred to above cannot be applied to this case. 26. Another decision relied on by the learned counsel for the appellants is Shankar vs. State of M.P. AIR 1979 SC 1532 . Supreme Court had occasion to consider a case where it was revealed that the occurrence took place without any premeditation while the deceased, along with the accused, had just finished his meals. In that circumstances it was held that the offence revealed was one falling under Section 304(II) IPC. Supreme Court had occasion to consider a case where it was revealed that the occurrence took place without any premeditation while the deceased, along with the accused, had just finished his meals. In that circumstances it was held that the offence revealed was one falling under Section 304(II) IPC. In this case the fact situation is totally different. 27. Learned counsel for the appellants contended that CW1 Velu, whose name has been specifically mentioned by the deceased in Ext.P11 FIS, was not examined. It is well settled that non-examination of material witnesses is fatal to the prosecution case. But, the learned Prosecutor relying on Shivaji Sahebrao Bobade and Another vs. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1973 SC 2622 contended that every witness need not be examined to prove a particular point. It is also held therein that the prosecutor has the discretion to decide as to how many witnesses should be examined to prove a particular point. It is clear that material eye witnesses have been examined in this case. Therefore, we cannot accept the defence case that non-examination of CW1 Velu caused prejudice to the appellants. 28. The reliable prosecution evidence is that the deceased, while attempting to alight from a bus, was attacked by the appellants and repeatedly beaten up even after she fell down on a rough surface. The testimony of the material witnesses would show that she was incessantly beaten up and stamped especially on the vital part of her body. PW-9's testimony that injury No. 52 was the causation of death remains unimpeached. There is direct evidence to hold that the 3rd appellant stamped forcefully on lower part of her abdomen. It has also come out in evidence that all the appellants were exhorting to finish off her. This also reveals the common intention shared by the appellants to inflict bodily injury on the deceased. Considering the oral and medical evidence, we are of the view that the act of the appellants will fall within the clause Fourthly to Section 300 IPC. They were fully aware that their act was so imminently dangerous and that it must in all probability cause death or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death and they committed such act without any excuse for incurring the risk of causing death. 29. They were fully aware that their act was so imminently dangerous and that it must in all probability cause death or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death and they committed such act without any excuse for incurring the risk of causing death. 29. Learned Prosecutor relying on the decision in Morcha vs. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1979 SC 80 contended that the defence cannot be heard to say that proper treatment could have saved the life of the victim. Even going by Explanation 2 to Section 299 IPC, it is clear that resorting to proper remedies and skilful treatment the death might have been prevented is no excuse for committing culpable homicide amounting to murder. We do not go into the question whether Ext.P11 could be treated as a dying declaration. Without probing that question the case can be decided. We are of the view that oral evidence adduced are sufficient to hold that the appellants are guilty of murder as defined under Section 300 IPC. Therefore, we find no merit in the appeal. The appeal is dismissed confirming the conviction and sentence awarded by the trial court.