Jh ckcwyky xqIrk] vf/koDrk&vihykFkhZ dh vksj lsA Jh ,l ds lDlsuk] vf/koDRkkx.k&izRFkhZx.k dh vksj lsA 1- vihykFkhZ ¼dsfo;sVj½ us ;g vihy fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] ftyk&vtesj }kjk flfoy okn la[;k 70@2000 ¼fofo/k izdj.k la[;k 31@86½ ¼jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k e`rd tfj;s okfjlku cuke dSyk'kpUn½ esa ikfjr vkyksP; fu.kZ; fnukad 04-02-2003 ls O;fFkr gksdj is'k dh gS] ftlds }kjk fd Jherh jkehckbZ }kjk fnukad 20-08-80 dks vejksgk esa izR;FkhZ@e`rd izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky ds i{k esa fu"ikfnr olh;r izn'kZ&1 ds vuqlkj layXu lwph esa of.kZr lEifRr edku uEcj 588] okMZ la[;k&14 fLFkr uyk cktkj] vtesj ds fy, izkscsV Lohdkj fd;k gSA 2- izdj.k ds laf{kIr rF; bl izdkj gSa fd e`rd jkes'ojyky us fnukad 22-01-86 dks v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k /kkjk 276 Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds rgr izkscsV gsrq ,d vkosnu i= bl vk'k; dk is'k fd;k fd& ^^fnukad 20-08-1980 dks Jherh jkehckbZ us muds i{k esa ,d olh;rukek vejksgk] mRrjizns'k esa fu"ikfnr dh tks mudh vafre olh;r gSA Jherh jkehckbZ dh e`R;q fnukad 14 flrEcj] 1980 dks vejksgk esa gks x;hA izkFkhZ] e`rdk jkehckbZ dh cgu dk yMdk Hkkatk gSA vr% olh;rukes ds laca/k esa izkscsV tkjh fd;k tkosA^^ 3- ftl ij vizkFkhZx.k dks uksfVl tkjh fd;s x;s rFkk lkoZtfud lwpuk izdkf'kr dh x;hA dsfo;sVj Jh dSyk'kpUn ¼vihykFkhZ½ us ,d dsfo;sV bl vk/kkj ij is'k dh fd Jherh jkehckbZ us dksbZ fof/kd olh;r ugha NksMh] dfFkr olh;r QthZ o cukoVh gSA e`R;q ls iwoZ Jherh jkehckbZ chekj jgh rFkk mudh fnekxh gkyr Hkh chekjh ,oa cq<kis ds dkj.k Bhd ugha Fkh rFkk ml ij jkes'ojyky dk uktk;t izHkko ,oa dks,lZu Hkh FkkA dsfo;sVj Jherh jkehckbZ ds xksn dk yMdk gS] ftldk iathd`r xksnukek fnukad 30-05-78 gSA dsfo;sVj e`rdk dk nRrd iq= gS] bl rF; ls izkFkhZ Hkyh&Hkkafr ifjfpr Fkk ftls izkFkhZ us tkucw>dj fNik;k gSA e`rdk ds ,d yMdh lkfo=h Hkh Fkh] ftldk nsgkUr gks x;k gSA lkfo=h ds yMds o yMfd;ka gSa] bl rF; dks Hkh izkFkhZ us U;k;ky; ls fNik;k gSA izkFkhZ fnukad 10-09-80 dks nsuk cSad] vtesj ls ykdlZ ls e`rdk ds tsojkr lksus ds 50 rksyk ,oa 1000 rksys pkanh dher vUnktu 2]00]000@& cSad deZpkfj;ksa dh feyhHkxr ds dkj.k /kks[ks ls ys x;kA izkFkhZ ls dsfo;sVj us bldh ekax dh rks mlus QthZ olh;r rS;kj dj yhA Jherh jkehckbZ ds ejus ds ckn mlds rhuksa fdjk;snkjksa us vftZ;ka /kkjk 19, ,oa 19 lh-lh- is'k dh] ftlds uksfVl izkFkhZ dks Hkh feysA izkFkhZ us U;k;ky; eqaflQ vtesj ¼if'pe½ esa fy[kdj fn;k fd fdjk;k bl mtznkj dsfo;sVj dks vnk djus esa mls ,srjkt ugha gSA ftl ij izkFkhZ dh bLrnqvk eatwj Qjek dj U;k;ky; us fdjk;k dsfo;sVj dks vnk djus dk vkns'k dj fn;k vkSj fdjk;k mls vnk dj fn;kA mlds ckn fdjk;snkj cjkcj fdjk;k dsfo;sVj dks vnk djrs vk jgs gSaA dsfo;sVj us mRrjkf/kdkj izek.k i= izkIr djus gsrq izkFkZuk i= U;k;ky; ds le{k is'k fd;k] ftlesa izkFkhZ us U;k;ky; ds le{k mifLFkr gksdj fyf[kr esa fn;k fd dsfo;sVj ds i{k esa izek.k i= tkjh djus esa mls ,srjkt ugha gSA e`rdk dh iq=h Jherh lkfo=h ds okfjlku vko';d i{kdkj gSaA ftl lEifRr dh olh;r djuk izkFkhZ viuh izkscsV vthZ esa vafdr djrk gS] og e`rdk Jherh jkehckbZ ds llqj I;kjsyky dh Fkh rFkk e`rdk dks olh;r djus dk vf/kdkj ugha FkkA vUr esa izkscsV izkFkZuk i= vLohdkj fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 4- mDr dsfo;sV dk mRrj izkFkhZ dh vksj ls is'k dj fuosnu fd;k fd Jherh jkehckbZ olh;r fu"iknu ds le; 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld :i ls iw.kZ:i ls LoLFkfpr Fkh rFkk LosPNk ls olh;r lksp≤>dj fu"iknu fd;k gSA fu"ikfnr olh;r fdlh izdkj ls lansg ls ijs gS ,oa iw.kZr;k okLrfod gSA olh;r fof/k ds izko/kkuksa ds rgr fu"ikfnr dh x;h gSA izkFkhZ us olh;r ds izkscsV gsrq izLrqr izkFkZuk i= esa dksbZ rF; ugha Nqik;k gSA fnukad 10-09-1980 olh;rdrkZ e`rd Jherh jkehckbZ thfor Fkh ,oa Lo;a cSad ykWdj [kksyus esa l{ke FkhA izkFkhZ }kjk vizkFkhZ dks fdjk;s dh tek'kqnk jkf'k gsrq mRrjkf/kdkj izek.k i= tkjh dj nsus esa ,srjkt u gksus ckcr~ fy[k nsus ls olh;rdrkZ e`rd Jherh jkehckbZ }kjk izkFkhZ ds i{k esa fu"ikfnr olh;r ,oa mlls izkFkhZ dks izkIr vf/kdkj ij izfrdwy izHkko ugha iMrk ,oa mlls izkFkhZ olh;r dk izkscsV ikus ds fof/kd vf/kdkj ls v;ksX; ugha gks tkrk gSA uk gh ;g jsLtwMhdsVk dh ifjHkk"kk esa vkrk gS vksj uk gh izkFkhZ mlls ck/; gSA vUr esa dsfo;sV esa izLrqr ,srjkt dks fujLr fd;s tkus dh izkFkZuk dhA 5- fnukad 18-01-89 dks v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us cgl lqudj izkFkhZ dks dsfo;sV is'k gksus ds vk/kkj ij U;k;'kqYd vnk djus dk vkns'k fn;k] ftl ij fnukad 10-01-90 dks U;k;'kqYd vnk fd;kA rRi'pkr fnukad 24-02-90 dks dysDVj] vtesj dks iwoZ&vuqlkj uksfVl tkjh djus gsrq vkns'k ikfjr fd;kA rRi'pkr izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k dh e`R;q gksus ij mlds okfjlku }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuki= vUrxZr vkns'k 22 fu;e 3 lh-ih-lh- dk fnukad 16-11-96 dks is'k gqvk] ftls fnukad 24-11-99 dks 500@& :i;s gtsZ ij Lohdkj dj izkFkhZ ¼e`rd½ jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k ds fof/kd okfjlku dks vfHkys[k ij fy;k x;kA dysDVj] vtesj ds }kjk lEifRr dk ewY;kadu 1]50]000@& :i;s vkadk] ftlds vk/kkj ij vko';d deh U;k;'kqYd izkFkhZ i{k }kjk vnk fd;k x;kA rRi'pkr vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij fuEu fook|d fojfpr fd;s x;s& ^^1- D;k Lo0 Jherh jkehckbZ us fnukad 20-08-80 dks vejksgk esa LosPNk o LoLFk eu ls izkFkhZ Jh jkes'ojyky ds i{k esa fof/kd :i ls olh;r fu"ikfnr dh \ ------izkFkhZ 2- D;k Jherh jkehckbZ dh iq=h Jherh lkfo=h o mlds iq= ,oa iqf=;ka blesa vko';d i{kdkj gSa \ ------vizkFkhZ 3- D;k Jherh jkehckbZ dks ;g olh;r djus dk mRrj iSjk la[;k&7 ds vuqlkj vf/kdkj ugha FkkA -----vizkFkhZ 4- vuqrks"k^^ 6- izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ i{k dh vksj ls lk{; esa izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&1 vfuy jk;iqfj;k] izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&2 ftrsUnz eksgu tkSgjh] izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&3 egs'kpUnz vxzoky ds dFku ys[kc) djk;s rFkk vizkFkhZ@dsfo;sVj dh vksj ls lk{kh vizkFkhZ la[;k&1 ds :i esa Lo;a ds rFkk lk{kh vizkFkhZ la[;k&2 x.ks'k jk;iqfj;k ds dFku ys[kc) djk;s rFkk nLrkosth lk{; is'k dhA 7- rRi'pkr nksuksa i{kksa dks lqudj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us mDrkuqlkj vkosnu Lohdkj dj izkscsV tkjh djus dk vkns'k ikfjr fd;k] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj us ;g fofo/k vihy bl U;k;ky; ds le{k is'k dhA 8- vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us fuosnu fd;k gS fd vihykFkhZ e`rdk jkehckbZ dk xksniq= gS rFkk xksnukek iathd`r gSA fookfnr lEifRr esa fdjk;snkj e`rdk jkehckbZ ds thoudky ls gh fuokl dj jgs gSa] ftuls fdjk;k vihykFkhZ olwy djrk vk jgk gSA jkehckbZ dh e`R;q ds ckn fdjk;snkjksa us tks fdjk;k U;k;ky; esa tek djk;k Fkk] mlds mRrjkf/kdkj izek.k i= ds fy, vkosnu is'k fd;k x;k Fkk] tks mlds i{k esa Lohdkj gqvk gS rFkk rRle; izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k us mRrjkf/kdkj izek.k i= ds laca/k esa vukifRr tkfgj dh gSA e`rdk jkehckbZ rhljh rd i<h&fy[kh Fkh rFkk gLrk{kj djrh Fkh] fdUrq rFkkdfFkr olh;rukes ij mlds vaxwBk fu'kkuh crk;h x;h gSA olh;rukes ds izR;sd i`"B ij gLrk{kj@vaxwBk fu'kkuh ugha gSA vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ dks e`rdk us viuh lEifRr ls eg:e fd;k gks] bl laca/k esa olh;rukes vFkok izkscsV esa dksbZ dkj.k ugha crk;k gS rFkk uk gh bl izdkj dh dksbZ lk{; vk;h gSA olh;rukek mnwZ Hkk"kk esa fy[kk x;k gS] fdUrq mnwZ Hkk"kk uk rks lk{kh;ku tkurs gSa vkSj uk gh e`rdk tkurh Fkh rFkk uk gh izkFkhZ mnwZ Hkk"kk dk tkudkj gSA olh;rukes ds vafre i`"B ij xokgksa ds vaxwBk@gLrk{kj ugha gSa tks gksuk vko';d gSA olh;rukek fnukad 20-08-80 dks fu"ikfnr gksuk crk;k x;k gS] tcfd izkscsV gsrq vkosnu fnukad 22-01-86 dks fd;k x;k gS] ;gh ,slk rF; gS tks olh;rukes dks lansgkLin cukrk gSA ftl ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us drbZ fopkj ugha fd;k gSA e`rdk olh;rukek fu"ikfnr ds fnu ekufld ,oa 'kkjhfjd :i ls LoLFk ugha Fkh rFkk olh;rukek fu"ikfnr djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha FkhA izkFkhZ i{k ds lk{kh;ku ls dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ ds vf/koDrk }kjk fd;s x;s izfrijh{k.k esa tks rF; vk;s gSa] mu ij fopkj fd;s fcuk gh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us ljljh rkSj ij vkosnu Lohdkj dj izkscsV tkjh djus esa =qfV dh gSA 9- vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ us fuosnu fd;k gS fd fookfnr lEifRr vdsyh e`rdk jkehckbZ dh ugha Fkh] cfYd og lEifRr e`rdk ds llqj I;kjsyky dh FkhA vr% e`rdk dsk vdsys gh mDr lEifRr ds ckcr~ olh;r djus dk vf/kdkj ugha FkkA blds vfrfjDr e`rdk us iathd`r xksnukes esa viuh lEifRr vihykFkhZ@vizkFkhZ dks fn;s tkus dk Li"V mYys[k fd;k gS] mlds ckn olh;r fd;s tkus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha jg tkrk gSA mUgksaus ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k gS fd /kkjk 63] 68 Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk ek= ds vk/kkj ij izkscsV tkjh ugha fd;k tk ldrkA rnuqlkj mUgksaus vkyksP; vkns'k dks vikLr fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 10- fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ us vius rdksaZ ds leFkZu esa fuEu U;kf;d n`"VkUr izLrqr fd;s& 1. N. Kamalam (Dead) & Anr. Vs. Ayyasamy & Anr. 2001 WLC (SC) Civil 621; 2. Nagulapati Lakshmamma Vs. Mupparaju Subbaiah JT 1998 (3) S.C. 253; 3. Smt. Manhar Kumari Vs. Smt. Govind Kanwar RLW 1998(1) Raj 660; 4. Guro (Smt.) Vs. Atma Singh and Others 1992 (2) SCC 507 ; 5. B. Venkatamuni Vs. N. Kamalam (Dead) & Anr. Vs. Ayyasamy & Anr. 2001 WLC (SC) Civil 621; 2. Nagulapati Lakshmamma Vs. Mupparaju Subbaiah JT 1998 (3) S.C. 253; 3. Smt. Manhar Kumari Vs. Smt. Govind Kanwar RLW 1998(1) Raj 660; 4. Guro (Smt.) Vs. Atma Singh and Others 1992 (2) SCC 507 ; 5. B. Venkatamuni Vs. C.J. Ayodhya Ram Singh & Others (2006) 13 SCC 449 mDr rdksaZ dk fojks/k djrs gq, fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ us fuosnu fd;k gS fd e`rdk] izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k dh ekSlh Fkh vkSj mlls Lusg j[krh FkhA e`rd jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k vejksgk esa fuokl djrk Fkk] tgka e`rdk dk vkuk&tkuk FkkA e`R;q ls djhc rhu ekg iwoZ Hkh e`rdk vejksgk esa e`rd&izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k ds lkFk Fkh vkSj ogka ij mUgksaus olh;rukek fu"ikfnr fd;k rFkk ogha ij vafre lkal yhA e`rdk vkSj e`rd izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky ds e/; i=kpkj Hkh gksrk FkkA Lo;a vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ ds vuqlkj e`rdk dh e`R;q ls iwoZ cSad ykWdj ls tsojkr vkfn fudyokuk crk;k gS tks mlus vius thoudky esa fudkys gSaA ftlds laca/k esa e`rdk }kjk dksbZ f'kdk;r ugha dh x;h gSA fdjk;snkjksa ls fdjk;k e`rdk ds thoudky ls gh vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ dSyk'kpUn izkIr djrk Fkk vkSj fdjk;s dh jkf'k ds laca/k esa olh;rukek ugha fd;k x;k Fkk] blfy, izR;FkhZ@e`rd&izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k us fdjk;s ds mRrjkf/kdkj ds ckcr~ vukifRr is'k dj nh FkhA fdjk;s ds mRrjkf/kdkj ds laca/k esa vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ us tks vkosnu is'k fd;k Fkk] mlesa jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k dks vizkFkhZ ds :i esa i{kdkj cuk;k x;k Fkk rFkk fdjk;snkjksa us Hkh fdjk;k tek djkus ds fy, /kkjk 19, ,oa 19 lh-lh-jktLFkku izfelst ¼dUVªksy vkWQ jsUV ,.M ,foD'ku½ ,DV] 1950 ds rgr tks vkosnu is'k fd;s Fks] mu vkosnuksa esa Hkh jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k dks vizkFkhZ cuk;k FkkA e`rdk jkehckbZ ds rqjUr i'pkr olh;r ds vk/kkj ij izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k us fdjk;snkjksa dks fdjk;k mls edku dk ekfyd gksus ds vk/kkj ij vnk djus ds fy, uksfVl fn;s FksA mu vkosnuksa esa Lo;a vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ Hkh vizkFkhZ la[;k&1 ds :i esa jkes'ojyky ds lkFk i{kdkj FkkA rnuqlkj jkehckbZ dh e`R;q ds ckn jkehckbZ dh olh;r ds rF; dh tkudkjh fdjk;snkjksa rFkk vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ dh tkudkjh esa vk x;h FkhA pwafd olh;r esa fdjk;s ds ckjs esa mYys[k ugha Fkk] blfy, e`rd izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k us fdjk;s dh jkf'k ds laca/k esa vukifRr tkfgj dj nh FkhA 11- mUgksaus ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k gS fd tc e`rdk jkehckbZ dk vihykFkhZ xksniq= Fkk vkSj mldh lsok dj jgk Fkk rks ml ifjfLFkfr esa vafre le; esa e`rdk jkehckbZ dks jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k ds ikl vejksgk esa tkdj jgus dh vko';drk D;k FkhA vafre lkal Hkh ogha ij yh] ;g rF; ;gh izdV djrk gS fd og vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ dSyk'kpUn ls T;knk izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k ls Lusg j[krh FkhA blhfy, mlds ikl vk;h tgka ij mlus vafre le; esa mldh lsok dh vkSj mlh ds i{k esa mlus edku ds laca/k esa olh;r fu"ikfnr dhA mUgksaus fuosnu fd;k gS fd vejksgk esa mnwZ Hkk"kk dk izpyu gS rFkk vafre i`"B ij lkf{k;ksa ds gLrk{kj ugha djk;s tkrs gSaA bl laca/k esa fof/k dk dksbZ izko/kku ugha gSA bl laca/k esa izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&3 egs'k vxzoky us vius dFkuksa esa Li"V dgk gS fd ^^gekjs ;gak ;gh O;oLFkk gS fd lkjs c;ukeksa ij ;k foy ij izFke i`"B ij gh xokg ds nLr[kr gksrs gSa] ckn esa vUr esa fy[kus okys ds vkSj fy[kokus okys ds gh nLr[kr ;k vaxwBk gksrk gSA^^ vkSj bl vk/kkj ij olh;rukes ij lansg ugha fd;k tk ldrkA mUgksaus fuosnu fd;k gS fd tks ifjfLFkfr;ka vk;ha gS] mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Li"V gks tkrk gS fd e`rdk jkehckbZ vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ dSyk'kpUn ls larq"V ugha FkhA blfy, og izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k ds ikl tkdj jgh vksj ogha ij mlus vafre lkal yhA rnuqlkj mUgksaus v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; vkns'k dks lgh crkrs gq, vihy vLohdkj fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 12- fo}ku vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ us vius rdksZ ds leFkZu esa fuEu U;kf;d n`"VkUr is'k fd;s& 1. Girdhari Lal Vs. Shri Prem Prakash RLR 1986 278; 2. Smt. Sudarshan Kaur Vs. Ripudaman Singh & Ors. RLR 1995(1) 747; 3. Smt. Parwati @ Kushalya Vs. Chhitar Mal RLR 1985 page-732; 4. S. Kaliyammal & Ors. Vs. K. Palaniammal & anr, AIR 1999Madras 40; 5. Sumitra Devi Kochhar & Ors. Vs. State AIR 1999 Delhi 226; 6. Birbal (Since Deceased) through His L.Rs. Smt. Triveni Devi & Ors Vs. Smt. Gyarsi Widow of Lekhuram (Since Deceased) through Her L.Rs. Narsingh & Ors. 2007(1) WLC Rajasthan, 354; 7. Pushpa Devi Vs. Motilal & Ors. 2008(6) WLC330 and 8. C.K. Prahalada & Ors. vs. State of Karnataka & Ors. 2008(2) WLC (SC) Civil 452. Birbal (Since Deceased) through His L.Rs. Smt. Triveni Devi & Ors Vs. Smt. Gyarsi Widow of Lekhuram (Since Deceased) through Her L.Rs. Narsingh & Ors. 2007(1) WLC Rajasthan, 354; 7. Pushpa Devi Vs. Motilal & Ors. 2008(6) WLC330 and 8. C.K. Prahalada & Ors. vs. State of Karnataka & Ors. 2008(2) WLC (SC) Civil 452. Birbal (Since Deceased) through His L.Rs. Smt. Triveni Devi & Ors Vs. Smt. Gyarsi Widow of Lekhuram (Since Deceased) through Her L.Rs. Narsingh & Ors. 2007(1) WLC Rajasthan, 354; 7. Pushpa Devi Vs. Motilal & Ors. 2008(6) WLC330 and 8. C.K. Prahalada & Ors. vs. State of Karnataka & Ors. 2008(2) WLC (SC) Civil 452. lquk x;k] mHk; i{k ds rdksaZ ij fopkj fd;k x;kA 13- tks rdZ i{kdkjksa dh vksj ls is'k fd;s x;s gSa] ogh rdZ fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr fd;s x;s gSaA ftu ij fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fuEu izdkj ls fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS& ^^nksuksa i{kksa dh nyhyksa ij fopkj fd;k x;kA nksuksa i{kksa }kjk izLrqr dh xbZ lk{; dk foospu Åij fd;k tk pqdk gS] ftlls ;g izdV gS fd izkFkhZ us izn’kZ 1 ds nksuksa vVsfLVax xokg izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k 2 MkpUnzeksgu tkSgjh o izkFkhZ lk{kh la- 3 egs’kpUnz vxzoky dks izLrqr fd;k gS] ftUgksusa olh;r izn’kZ 1 Jherh jkehckbZ }kjk vejksgk esa fu"ikfnr djus ds ckjs esa lk{; nh gS vkSj izn’kZ 1 ij vaxwBk fu’kkuh ,Dl LFkku ij jkehckbZ }kjk vius lkeus vafdr djuk dgk gSA ;g Hkh dgk gS fd ml le; ,d vf/koDrk vkSj olh;r ds ys[kd mifLFkr Fks ftuds gLrk{kj Hkh , ls ch vkSj lh ls Mh izn’kZ 1 ij cryk, gSa rFkk egs’kpUnz vxzoky us vius c;kuksa esa dgk gS fd odhy lkgc vkSj olh;r ds ys[kd fu/ku gks pqdk gSA olh;r izn’kZ 1 mnwZ Hkk"kk esa fy[kh xbZ gS] ftl ij vjkbt uohl u;~;j ,u- ds gLrk{kj gSa vkSj mlds uhps mldh eksgj yxh gqbZ gS] vkSj olh;r fnukad 20-8-80 dks fu"ikfnr fd;k tkuk izdV gksrk gSA bl ij ,Dl LFkku ij vaxwBk fu’kkuh jkehckbZ dh nksuksa i`"B ij gSa ftl ij vaxwBs dh js[kk,a Li"V gSaA foi{kh us xksni= izn’kZ ,-8 izLrqr fd;k gS] ftl ij jkehckbZ ds gLrk{kj gSa] ysfdu mijftLVªkj ds ;gka xksnukek iathd`r fd;k x;k rc mldh vaxwBk fu’kkuh Hkh vfUre i`"B ij yxkbZ xbZ gS] tks Hkh Li"V gS] ysfdu foi{kh us izn’kZ 1 ij vafdr vaxwBk fu’kkuh ^,Dl^ dk feyku xksni= ds vaxwBk fu’kkuh ls ugha djok;kA tgka rd fookfnr lEifRr ds fdjk;snkjksa }kjk fdjk;k jkf’k U;k;ky; esa tek djok;s tkus vkSj mDr jkf’k foi{kh dSyk’k }kjk U;k;ky; ls izkIr djus ds fy, jkes’ojyky }kjk vUkkifRr fn;s tkus dk iz’u gS] ;g rF; ,d Lohd`r fLFkfr gS] vkSj dsoy bl vk/kkj ij olh;r izn’kZ 1 ij dksbZ lansg ugha fd;k tk ldrk] D;ksafd bl ds fy, izkFkhZ us vius c;kuksa esa Li"Vhdj.k fn;k gS fd dSyk’k pUn fdjk;k dh jkf’k vejksgk Hkstrk FkkA blds vfrfjDr olh;r izn’kZ 1 dk fgUnh vuqokn izLrqr gqvk gS] ftlds voyksdu ls izdV gS fd mDr olh;r uyk cktkj] vtesj fLFkr edku ds ckjs esa dh xbZ gS vkSj fdjk;k o dksbZ lansg ugha fd;k tk ldrk] D;ksafd bl ds fy, izkFkhZ us vius c;kuksa esa Li"Vhdj.k fn;k gS fd dSyk’k pUn fdjk;k dh jkf’k vejksgk Hkstrk FkkA blds vfrfjDr olh;r izn’kZ 1 dk fgUnh vuqokn izLrqr gqvk gS] ftlds voyksdu ls izdV gS fd mDr olh;r uyk cktkj] vtesj fLFkr edku ds ckjs esa dh xbZ gS vkSj fdjk;k o vU; dksbZ jkf’k ds lEcU/k esa olh;r esa dksbZ mYys[k ugha gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fdjk;k fd jkf’k foi{kh us izkIr dh gS vkSj izkFkhZ jkes’ojyky us ml ds fy, vukifRr izLrqr dh gks rks] blls olh;r dwVjfpr o cukoVh gksuk ugha ekuk tk ldrkA olh;r ds fu"iknu ds ckjs esa izko/kku Hkkjrh; mRRkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 63 esa fd;k x;k gS] ftlds vuqlkj olh;rdrkZ olh;r ij vius gLrk{kj vFkok vaxwBk fu’kkuh vafdr djsxk vkSj olh;r ij olh;rdrkZ ds funsZ’ku ij vU; O;fDr }kjk gLrk{kj fd;s tk,axs] vkSj olh;r nks vFkok vf/kd lkf{k;ksa }kjk izekf.kr fd;k tkuk vko’;d gS] ftUgksusas olh;rdrkZ dks olh;r ij gLrk{kj djrs gq, ns[kk gks] vFkok mudh mifLFkfr esa olh;rdrkZ us vius gLrk{kj gksuk Lohdkj fd;k gksA olh;r ds fu"iknu ds fy,] dksbZ fof’k"V izk:i dk izko/kku ugha fd;k x;k gSA olh;r ds fu"iknu dks fl) djus ds fy, de ls de ,d vVsfLVax xokg dks lk{; esa izLrqr fd;k tkuk vko’;d gS] tSlk fd /kkjk 68 lk{; vf/kfu;e esa izko/kku fd;k x;k gSA Jherh lqn’kZu dkSj cuke fjiqneuflag ds ekeys esa ;g lEizsf{kr fd;k x;k gS fd U;k;ky; dks dsoy ;g fu/kkZfjr djuk gS fd olh;r fof/k vuqlkj fu"ikfnr gqbZ vFkok ugha] tSlk fd /kkjk 63 Hkkjrh; mRRkjkf/kdkj vf/k- esa izko/kku fd;k x;k gSA fxj/kkjhyky cuke izseizdk’k ds ekeys esa olh;r dks fl) djus ds Hkkj] ds lEcU/k esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd olh;r ds fu"iknu dks fl) djus dk rjhdk vU; fdlh nLrkost ds fu"iknu dks fl) djus ls fHkUu ugha gS] flok; blds fd olh;r dk /kkjk 63 ds izko/kku ds vuqlkj izekf.kdj.k fla) fd;k tkuk vko’;d gSA olh;r ds ckjs esa lafnX/k ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk vfHkdFku djus okys i{kdkj ij mls fl) djus dk Hkkj gksrk gSA tc dsfo;sVj vlE;d~ izHkko] Ny] mRihMu vkfn dk vfHkdFku djrk gS] rks bls fl) djus dk Hkkj dsfo;sVj ij gksrk gSA blh izdkj dk er Jherh lqfe=k nsoh dksNj ds ekeys esa izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA fo’ks"kkf/kdkj jfgr olh;r ds fu"iknu ds izko/kku ij 1998 Mh-,u-ts- ¼,p- lh-½158 esa fopkj fd;k x;k gS] vkSj fl) djus dk Hkkj gksrk gSA tc dsfo;sVj vlE;d~ izHkko] Ny] mRihMu vkfn dk vfHkdFku djrk gS] rks bls fl) djus dk Hkkj dsfo;sVj ij gksrk gSA blh izdkj dk er Jherh lqfe=k nsoh dksNj ds ekeys esa izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA fo’ks"kkf/kdkj jfgr olh;r ds fu"iknu ds izko/kku ij 1998 Mh-,u-ts- ¼,p- lh-½158 esa fopkj fd;k x;k gS] vkSj ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k fd Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 63 ds vUrxZr olh;r ds oS/k izek.khdj.k ds fy, ;g vko’;d gS fd vVsfLVax xokg Lo;a vius gLrk{kj djs] vFkok vaxwBk fu’kkuh yxk,] vkSj og ;g dk;Z nwljs dks izR;k;ksftr ugha dj ldrk] mDr ekeyk rF;ksa ij fHkUu Fkk] ysfdu /kkjk 63 Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ds izko/kku dh O;k[;k dj tks er izfrikfnr fd;k gS] mlds vuqlkj vVsfLVax xokg ds le{k olh;rdrkZ vius gLrk{kj olh;r ij djsxk] vFkok viuk fpUg ,sls fd;s tk,axs ;k yxk, tk,axs ftlls ;g izdV gks fd mlds }kjk ys[k dks olh;r ds :i esa izHkkoh djus dk vk’k; FkkA olh;r dks ,sls nks ;k vf/kd lkf{k;ksa }kjk vuqizekf.kr fd;k tk,xk] ftuesa ls izR;sd us olh;rdrkZ dks olh;r dj gLrk{kj djrs gq,] vFkok vaxq"B fpUg yxkrs gq;s ns[kk gks] ;k olh;rdrkZ dh mifLFkfr esa vkSj mlds funsZ’kkuqlkj olh;rdrkZ ls mlds gLrk{kj ;k vaxq"B fpUg dh O;SfDrd vfHkLohd`fr izkIr dh gksA ;ksX; vf/koDrk foi{kh us tks fofu’p; ^Jherh vksadkjckbZ cuke Jherh jkelq[kh^ izLrqr fd;k gS] mlesa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds fofu’p; ,-vkbZvkj- 1959¼,l-lh-½ ist 443] ^v;axkj cuke ch-,u-fFke ftek^ ds fofu’p; esa olh;r dks fl) djus ds fy, lk{; ds Lo:i ,oa ekud ds ckjs esa izfrikfnr fof/kd fl)karks dks m)`r fd;k gS vkSj ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k fd ;fn iz’uxr nLrkost ds fu"iknu ds fy, lafnX/k ifjfLFkfr;ka ikbZ tkrh gSa rks fQj bldk lgh ijh{k.k U;kf;d 'kq) vUr%dj.k dk lek/kku gSa ;fn olh;r ds fu"iknu ds ckjs esa ifjfLFkfr;ka U;k;ky; dks lansg djus ds fy, izsfjr djrh gS] rks izkscsV ds fy, vkosnudrkZ dks lHkh izdkj ds lansg dks nwj djuk pkfg,] rHkh mls olh;rdrkZ }kjk fu"ikfnr vfUre olh;r fUk"ikfnr fd;k tkuk ekuk tk ldrk gSA mijksDr fof/kd fLFkfr esa izkFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k 2 Mk- pUnzeksgu tkSgjh vkSj izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k 3 egs’k pUnz vxzoky nksuksa us viuh lk{; ls ;g fl) fd;k gS fd olh;r izn’kZ 1 ij ,Dl LFkku ij vaxwBk fu’kkuh Jherh jkehckbZ us muds le{k vafdr dh Fkh vkSj Jherh jkehckbZ ds funsZ’kkuqlkj mUgksusa olh;r dks vuqizekf.kr mijksDr fof/kd fLFkfr esa izkFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k 2 Mk- pUnzeksgu tkSgjh vkSj izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k 3 egs’k pUnz vxzoky nksuksa us viuh lk{; ls ;g fl) fd;k gS fd olh;r izn’kZ 1 ij ,Dl LFkku ij vaxwBk fu’kkuh Jherh jkehckbZ us muds le{k vafdr dh Fkh vkSj Jherh jkehckbZ ds funsZ’kkuqlkj mUgksusa olh;r dks vuqizekf.kr fd;k vkSj mius gLrk{kj fd;sA olh;r izn’kZ 1 ij izFke i`"B ij bu nksuksa xokgku ds gLrk{kj gSa] f}rh; i`"B ij jkehckbZ dh vaxwBk fu’kkuh ,Dl LFkku ij nks txg vafdr gS vkSj olh;r ds ys[kd ds gLrk{kj ,oa eksgj yxkbZ xbZ gSA i`"B la[;k 2 ij bu nksuksa xokgksa ds gLrk{kj ugha gksus ij olh;r dks lafnX/k crkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS] ysfdu bl lEcU/k esa fn;s x, rdZ ekU; ugha gks ldrs] D;ksafd bldk dkj.k izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k 3 egs’k pUnz vxzoky us fn;k gs fd muds ;gka ;gh O;oLFkk gS fd lHkh c;ukek vkSj olh;r ij izFke i`"B ij gh xokgksa ds gLrk{kj gksrs gS vkSj ckn esa vUr esa fy[kus okys ds vkSj fy[kokus okys ds gLrk{kj vkSj vaxwBk fu’kkuh gksrh gSA tgka rd olh;r lu~ 1980 esa fu"ikfnr djus vkSj izkscsV izkFkZuki= 1986 esa izLrqr djus vkSj bl nkSjku fdjk;snkjksa }kjk U;k;ky; esa tek djok, x, fdjk;s dks foi{kh dSyk’kpUnz }kjk izkIr djus dk iz’u gS] ;s ifjfLFkfr;ka Hkh olh;r ds fu"iknu ij dksbZ iz’ufpUg yxkus ds fy, i;kZIr ugha gSA fdjk;snkjksa }kjk tek djok;k x;k fdjk;k dSyk’kpUn }kjk U;k;ky; ls izkIr fd;k x;k gS] mlesa dksbZ fookn ugha gS vkSj bl ds fy, izkFkhZ dh vksj ls lk{; esa Li"Vhdj.k fn;k x;k gSA tgka rd jkehckbZ ds nRrd iq= vkSj mldh iq=h lkfo=h dks lEifRr ls oafpr djus dk iz’u gS] bl fcUnq ij izkFkhZ us dksbZ lk{; ugha nh gS] D;ksafd jkehckbZ us dsoy edku dh olh;r izkFkhZ jkes’oj yky ds i{k esa vejksgk esa fu"ikfnr dh vkSj og ml le; vejksgk esa jkes’ojyky ds ikl jg jgh Fkh vkSj ogha ij mldk fu/ku gqvk gSA jkehckbZ ds vU; dksbZ lEifRr ugha gks] vkSj dSyk’kpUn dh vU; dksbZ lEifRr ugha feyh gks] ,slh dksbZ lk{; ugha nh gSaA lkfo=h ds okfjl us mifLFkr gksdj dksbZ vkifRr ugh dh gSA bl dkj.k ;g vkifRr;ka Hkh olh;r izn’kZ 1 ij dksbZ izfrdwy izHkko Mkyus okyh ifjfLFkfr;ka ugha ekuh tk ldrhA mijksDr foospu ds QyLo:i fu"d"kZ ;g jgrk gS fd izkFkhZ }kjk izLrqr lk{; ds gks] vkSj dSyk’kpUn dh vU; dksbZ lEifRr ugha feyh gks] ,slh dksbZ lk{; ugha nh gSaA lkfo=h ds okfjl us mifLFkr gksdj dksbZ vkifRr ugh dh gSA bl dkj.k ;g vkifRr;ka Hkh olh;r izn’kZ 1 ij dksbZ izfrdwy izHkko Mkyus okyh ifjfLFkfr;ka ugha ekuh tk ldrhA mijksDr foospu ds QyLo:i fu"d"kZ ;g jgrk gS fd izkFkhZ }kjk izLrqr lk{; ds vk/kkj ij olh;r izn’kZ 1 jkehckbZ }kjk fnukad 20-8-80 dks vejksgk esa fof/kd :i ls fu"ikfnr fd;k tkuk fl) gqvk gS vkSj olh;r izn’kZ 1 dks vuqizekf.kr djus okys nksuksa lkf{k;ksa us olh;r izn’kZ 1 jkehckbZ }kjk fu"ikfnr fd;k tkuk HkyhHkkafr fl) fd;k gSA olh;r ds fu"iknu ds le; jkehckbZ dk LokLF; vPNk gksus ds ckjs esa izkFkhZ us lk{; nh gS] ftldk Hkh foi{kh dksbZ [k.Mu ugha dj ik;k gSA vr% izkFkhZ bl fook|d dks fl) djus esa lQy jgk gS fd Lo- Jherh jkehckbZ us fnukad 20-8-80 dks vejksgk esa LoSPN~;k vkSj LoLFk eu ls olh;r izn’kZ 1 jkes’ojyky ds i{k esa fof/kd :i ls fu"ikfnr dhA vr% bl fook|d dk fofu’p; izkFkhZ ds i{k esa o foi{kh ds fo:) fd;k tkrk gSA fook|d la[;k 3 %& foi{kh us vius tokc esa ;g vkifRr dh gS fd ftl lEifRr ds ckjs esa izkFkhZ us izkscsV gsrq vkosnu fd;k gS] og lEifRr jkehckbZ ds llqj I;kjsyky dh Fkh] tks e`rdk dks olh;r djus dk vf/kdkj ugha FkkA bl lEcU/k esa vizkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k 1 dSyk’kpUn us dsoy ;g dFku fd;k gS fd fookfnr edku yknwjketh dk Fkk] ftUgksauas dLVksfM;u ls NqMok;k Fkk] ftldk vkns’k izn’kZ ,&12 gSA vU; dksbZ lk{; ugha nh gSA vkSj blh vk/kkj ij ;ksX; vf/koDrk foi{kh us ;g rdZ fn;k gS fd izn’kZ ,&12 lu~ 1949 dk nLrkost gS vkSj ;g lEifRr dLVksfM;u ls yknwjke us NqMokbZ gSA ysfdu ;g rdZ ekU; ugha gks ldrk] D;ksafd nLrkost izn’kZ ,&12 ds voyksdu ls izdV gS fd mDr vkns’k fMIVh dLVksfM;u }kjk fnukad 18-2-1949 dks lEifRr ,-,e-lh- 3@329 ds ckjs esa ikfjr gqvk FkkA tc fd olh;r ds vUrxZr lEifRr 588@14 uyk cktkj] vtesj dk fookn gSA blds vfrfjDr Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 283 ds vUrxZr olh;r ds ckjs esa ftyk U;k;k/kh’k dh 'kfDr;ksa ds ckjs esa tks izko/kku fd;s x, gSa muds vuqlkj e`rd dh lEink esa dksbZ fgr j[kus dk nkok djus okys lHkh O;fDr;ksa dks mifLFkfr i= tkjh djus dh vis{kk dh xbZ gS] fd os vk,a vkSj izkscsV Lohd`r fd;s tkus ls blds vfrfjDr Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 283 ds vUrxZr olh;r ds ckjs esa ftyk U;k;k/kh’k dh 'kfDr;ksa ds ckjs esa tks izko/kku fd;s x, gSa muds vuqlkj e`rd dh lEink esa dksbZ fgr j[kus dk nkok djus okys lHkh O;fDr;ksa dks mifLFkfr i= tkjh djus dh vis{kk dh xbZ gS] fd os vk,a vkSj izkscsV Lohd`r fd;s tkus ls iwoZ dh dk;Zokgh dks ns[ksaA 1985 vkj-,y-MCY;w ist 732 ^Jherh ikoZrh cuke Nhrjey^ esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd dsfo;Vj izkscsV dh dk;Zokgh esa olh;rdrkZ ds LoRo dks pqukSrh ugha ns ldrk rFkk izkscsV dh dk;Zokgh esa U;k;ky; dks dsoy olh;r dks ns[kuk gS fd olh;r dk fu"iknu fof/k vuqlkj lgh gqvk gS vFkok ughaA bl izdkj rF;ksa o fof/kd n`"V ls foi{kh dsfo;sVj dh vksj ls yh xbZ ;g vkifRr pyus ;ksX; ugha gS fd Jherh jkehckbZ dks fooknxzLr lEifRr dh olh;r djus dk vf/kdkj ugha FkkA foi{kh lk{; ls ;g rF; fl) ugha dj ik;k gS fd fooknxzLr lEifRr 588@14 fLFkr uyk cktkj] vtesj Jherh jkehckbZ ds llqj I;kjsyky dh FkhA vr% bl fook|d dk fofu’p; foi{kh ds fo:) fd;k tkrk gSA^^ 14- tgka rd e`rdk }kjk olh;rukes ij gLrk{kj djus ds LFkku ij vaxwBk fu'kkuh yxkus dk iz'u gS] bl laca/k esa tks lk{; vk;h gS mlesa vizkFkhZ&lk{kh la[;k&1 dSyk'k Lo;a vihykFkhZ us vius dFkuksa esa dgk gS fd ^^izn'kZ ,&9 nkok rFkk izn'kZ ,&10 odkyrukek ij , ls ch nLr[kr jkehckbZ ds gSaA izn'kZ ,&9 o ,&10 dh udysa izn'kZ ,&9, rFkk ,&10, gSaA izn'kZ ,&11 i= ij , ls ch nLr[kr jkehckbZ ds gSaA mldh ekrkth fgUnh i<uk&fy[kuk tkurh Fkha rFkk gLrk{kj djuk tkurh FkhaA vaxwBk ugha yxkrh FkhaA izfrijh{k.k esa bl lk{kh us dgk gS fd izn'kZ&1 ij ,Dl LFkku ij jkehckbZ dk vaxwBk fu'kkuh ugha gS] D;ksafd og gLrk{kj djuk tkurh FkhA mlus izn'kZ&1 o izn'kZ ,&8 esa yxs vaxwBk fu'kkuh dk feyku ugha djok;k gSA izn'kZ&1 ij ,Dl LFkku ij vaxwBk izn'kZ ,&8 ds vaxwBs ls NksVk&cMk yxrk gS] bl vk/kkj ij mlus izn'kZ&1 ij jkehckbZ dk vaxwBk gksus ls badkj fd;k gSA mlus bl lq>ko dks lgh crk;k gS fd jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k us fdjk;k mBkus ds fy, mRrjkf/kdkj izek.k i= esa vukifRr nh Fkh rFkk bl lq>ko dks Hkh lgh crk;k gS fd jkehckbZ dh e`R;q vejksgk esa jkes'ojyky ds ?kj ij gqbZ Fkh rFkk lkfo=h dh e`R;q gks pqdh gSA tc vihykFkhZ@vizkFkhZ@dsfo;sVj ls ;g iwNk x;k fd izn'kZ&1 ij fd;k gSA mlus bl lq>ko dks lgh crk;k gS fd jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k us fdjk;k mBkus ds fy, mRrjkf/kdkj izek.k i= esa vukifRr nh Fkh rFkk bl lq>ko dks Hkh lgh crk;k gS fd jkehckbZ dh e`R;q vejksgk esa jkes'ojyky ds ?kj ij gqbZ Fkh rFkk lkfo=h dh e`R;q gks pqdh gSA tc vihykFkhZ@vizkFkhZ@dsfo;sVj ls ;g iwNk x;k fd izn'kZ&1 ij vaxwBk fu'kkuh NksVk cMk gksus ds vk/kkj ij QthZ olh;r crk jgs gSa] ftlds tcko esa vihykFkhZ@vizkFkhZ@dsfo;sVj ds dgk gS fd lu 1980 ls 1986 rd jkes'ojyky dbZ nQk vtesj vk;k] ysfdu esjs ls dHkh Hkh bl olh;r ds ckjs esa ppkZ ugha dh vkSj uk gh dHkh olh;r fn[kkbZA^^ 15- vizkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&2 x.ks'kpUnz jk;iqfj;k us vius dFkuksa esa dgk gS fd ^^jkes'ojyky esjs pkpk gSaA jkehckbZ esjs firkth dh ekSlh gSA jkehckbZ i<h fy[kh Fkh rFkk nLr[kr djuk tkurh FkhA izn'kZ ,&8 ds i`"B la[;k o 2 rFkk bu nksuksa i`"Bksa dh iq'r ij jkehckbZ ds nLr[kr gSa tks eSa igpkurk gwaA dSyk'k jkehckbZ dk xksn fy;k gqvk yMdk gSA mlus izn'kZ ,&8 ds nwljs i`"B ij vaxwBk fu'kkuh lcls Åij jkeckbZ dk gksuk crk;k gS] fdUrq izn'kZ&1 ds ,Dl LFkku ij vaxwBs ds ckcr~ vufHkKrk tkfgj dh gSA 16- blds foijhr izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&1 vfuy jk;iqfj;k tks fd jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k dk iq= gS] us vius dFkuksa esa dgk gS fd ^^jkes'ojyky th esjs firkth FksA mudk nsgkUr fnlEcj] 1984 esa gks pqdk gSA mudh e`R;q ds ckn muds okfjlku esa eSa Lo;a] lat; Jherh uhye o ekrkth Jherh d`".kk jk;iqfj;k gSaA fnukad 20-08-80 dks gekjh firkth dh ekSlh Jherh jkehckbZ igkfM;k iRuh yknwjke igkfM;k fuoklh vtesj us ,d olh;r fu"ikfnr dh Fkh rFkk Jherh jkehckbZ dk nsgkUr 14-09-1980 dks gekjs ?kj ij vejksgk esa gqvk FkkA mlus olh;r ns[kh Fkh tks izn'kZ ekdZ&, gSA lkekU;r% jkehckbZ dk gekjs ;gka vkuk&tkuk FkkA jkehckbZ us olh;r fu"ikfnr dh] mlls rhu ekg iwoZ rd og gekjs ;gka FkhA ftl le; jkehckbZ us olh;r fu"ikfnr dh] ml le; eSa ?kj ij gh ekStwn FkkA olh;r fu"ikfnr djus ds rhu ekg igys jkehckbZ gekjs ?kj ij vejksgk esa jgrh Fkh] eSa Hkh ogka ij jgrk FkkA olh;r fu"iknu ds fnol o mlls iwoZ jkehckbZ dk LokLF; vPNk FkkA^^ izfrijh{k.k esa mlus dgk gS fd izn'kZ ,&1 vUrnsZ'kh; ij jkehckbZ ds gLrk{kj gSaA iksLVdkMZ izn'kZ ,&2] 3 rFkk 4 ij esjs firkth jkes'ojyky ds gLrk{kj gSaA iksLVdkMZ izn'kZ 5] 6 rFkk 7 ij jkehckbZ gekjs ?kj ij vejksgk esa jgrh Fkh] eSa Hkh ogka ij jgrk FkkA olh;r fu"iknu ds fnol o mlls iwoZ jkehckbZ dk LokLF; vPNk FkkA^^ izfrijh{k.k esa mlus dgk gS fd izn'kZ ,&1 vUrnsZ'kh; ij jkehckbZ ds gLrk{kj gSaA iksLVdkMZ izn'kZ ,&2] 3 rFkk 4 ij esjs firkth jkes'ojyky ds gLrk{kj gSaA iksLVdkMZ izn'kZ 5] 6 rFkk 7 ij vius firkth ds gLrk{kj gksus ds ckcr~ vufHkKrk tkfgj dh gS vksj dgk gS fd ;s firkth ds gLrk{kj ugha gSaA 17- izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&2 MkW0 thrsUnz eksgu tkSgjh us vius dFkuksa es dgk gS fd ^^jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k dh ekSlh Jherh jkehckbZ us 20-08-80 dks vejksgk esa muds fuokl LFkku ij ,d olh;r fu"ikfnr dh FkhA olh;r fu"iknu ds le; eSa Lo;a] izks0 egs'kpUnz vxzoky o odhy lkgc dey vkye o fy[kus okys vthZ uohl uS;~;j lkgc o ,d pijklh Hkh ekStwn FksA buds vykok jkes'ojyky th ds ifjokj ds lHkh lnL; ekStwn FksA olh;r tks fu"ikfnr dh x;h] og lkeus vkus ij igpku ldrk gwaA olh;r izn'kZ&1 ogh gS tks ml le; esjs lkeus fu"ikfnr dh x;h FkhA izn'kZ&1 olh;r ij , ls ch vthZ uohl uS;~;j lkgc] lh ls Mh odhy Jh dej vkye] bZ ls ,Q izksQslj egs'kpUnz vxzoky rFkk th ls ,p esjs Lo;a ds gLrk{kj gSaA ,Dl LFkku ij vaxwBk fu'kkuh jkehckbZ us esjs lkeus yxk;k FkkA olh;r uS;~;j lkgc us fy[kh Fkh tks jkehckbZ ds funsZ'ku ij fy[kh x;h FkhA olh;r fy[kus ds ckn Jh uS;~;j lkgc us olh;r dks jkehckbZ dks i<dj lquk;k Fkk o mlds ckn olh;r ij izn'kZ&1 ij ,Dl LFkku ij gj ist ij viuk vaxwBk fu'kkuh ,Dl LFkku ij dh Fkh o mlds ckn jkehckbZ us ml ij gesa nLr[kr djus dks dgkA olh;r ij lHkh nLr[kr o vaxwBk esjh o bu ij nLr[kr fd;s x;s O;fDr;ksa dh ekStwnxh esa fd;s x;s FksA ftl le; jkehckbZ us olh;r fu"ikfnr dh x;h] ml le; iw.kZ :i ls gks'k gokl esa Fkh rFkk mudk LokLF; izlUufpr voLFkk esa FkkA olh;r fu"ikfnr djus ds ,d ekg esa 2&4 jkst igys gh vejksgk esa nsgkUr gks x;kA olh;r dh fy[kki<h o gLrk{kj djus esa djhc 2 ?k.Vs dk le; yxk FkkA eSa jkes'ojyky th ds lkFk dk;Z djrk Fkk] blfy, vDlj 2&3 fnu esa muds ?kj vkrk&tkrk jgk djrk FkkA jkes'ojyky th jk;iqfj;k dk nsgkUr gks pqdk gSA^^ izfrijh{k.k esa xokg us dgk gS fd ^^esjh tkudkjh esa ugha gS fd jkehckbZ nLr[kr esa nsgkUr gks x;kA olh;r dh fy[kki<h o gLrk{kj djus esa djhc 2 ?k.Vs dk le; yxk FkkA eSa jkes'ojyky th ds lkFk dk;Z djrk Fkk] blfy, vDlj 2&3 fnu esa muds ?kj vkrk&tkrk jgk djrk FkkA jkes'ojyky th jk;iqfj;k dk nsgkUr gks pqdk gSA^^ izfrijh{k.k esa xokg us dgk gS fd ^^esjh tkudkjh esa ugha gS fd jkehckbZ nLr[kr djuk tkurh Fkh vFkok ughaA Lor% dgk fd mlus rks esjs lkeus vaxwBk gh fd;k FkkA mlus bl lq>ko dks lgh crk;k gS fd ftl fnu olh;r fu"ikfnr dh x;h] ml fnu eq>s] egs'k] uS;~;j lkgc o vkye th dks jkes'ojyky th us cqyk;k FkkA mlus ;g Hkh dgk gS fd tuojh ls ebZ] 80 rd jkehckbZ vejksgk esa dc vkbZ] ;g eSa fuf'pr ugha crk ldrkA mlus ;g Hkh dgk gS fd olh;r ds nwljs ist ij esjs gLrk{kj ugha gSaA nwljs ist ij esjs o vU; xokgku ds nLr[kr djus dh dkuwuh tkudkjh ugha Fkh] blfy, ugha fd;sA mlus dgk gS fd lkekU;rk% dkxt lekIr gksrk gS] ml ij gh nLr[kr fd;s tkrs gSaA olh;r fu"iknu djrs le; mlus lEifRr ds dkxtkr ugha ns[ks FksA izn'kZ&1 o izn'kZ&8 ij jkehckbZ ds nLr[kr ,d ls gSa ;k ugha] ;g ugha crk ldrkA Lor% dgk fd jkehckbZ nLr[kr djrh gh ugha FkhA bl lq>ko ls badkj fd;k gS fd eSa jkes'ojyky th dk nksLr gksus ds dkj.k xyr c;ku ns jgk gksA^^ 18- izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k& egs'kpUnz vxzoky us vius dFkuksa esa dgk gS fd ^^lu 1980 esa jkes'ojyky th ds ;gka mudh ekSlh jkehckbZ us ,d olh;rukek fy[kk FkkA olh;r djrs le; ,d odhy lkgc] ,d dkfrc rFkk odhy lkgc dk ,d pijklh Fks] ftuds uke eq>s irk ugha gSA esjs lkFk thrsUnzeksgu tkSgjh rFkk ifjokj ds lHkh lnL; FksA mu odhy lkgc dh e`R;q gks pqdh gS rFkk fy[kus okys dkfrc dh Hkh e`R;q gks pqdh gSA vly olh;r izn'kZ&1 gS] ftl ij bZ ls ,Q esjs] th ls ,p Jh thrsUnz eksgu tkSgjh] lh ls Mh odhy lkgc ds rFkk , ls ch fy[kus okys dkfrc ds nLr[kr gSa rFkk ,Dl LFkku ij Jherh jkehckbZ dk vaxwBk fu'kkuh gSA olh;r ds nwljs i`"B ij ,Dl LFkku ij Jherh jkehckbZ dk vaxwBk fu'kkuh gS rFkk , ls ch fy[kus okys dkfrc ds nLr[kr gSaA tc ge lHkh yksx jkehckbZ ds ikl igqaps rc jkeh us ;g dgk fd ,d olh;r fy[kuh gS rFkk dkfrc dks jkehckbZ us dqN nLr[kr gSa rFkk ,Dl LFkku ij Jherh jkehckbZ dk vaxwBk fu'kkuh gSA olh;r ds nwljs i`"B ij ,Dl LFkku ij Jherh jkehckbZ dk vaxwBk fu'kkuh gS rFkk , ls ch fy[kus okys dkfrc ds nLr[kr gSaA tc ge lHkh yksx jkehckbZ ds ikl igqaps rc jkeh us ;g dgk fd ,d olh;r fy[kuh gS rFkk dkfrc dks jkehckbZ us dqN funsZ'k fn;s fQj dkfrc us olh;r fy[kh o fy[kdj jkehckbZ dks dkfrc us lqukbZA ftl ij jkeh us viuh iw.kZ Lohd`fr iznku dhA fQj jkehckbZ us viuk vaxwBk fu'kkuh ge lHkh dh mifLFkfr esa yxk;kA jkeh us vaxwBk fu'kkuh dh mlds ckn jkehckbZ ds dgus ls geus Hkh vius gLrk{kj fd;s FksA lkjh dk;Zokgh djus esa djhc nks ?k.Vs yxs FksA dkfrc us ;g olh;r fQj jkehckbZ dsk ns nh FkhA^^ izfrijh{k.k esa lk{kh us dgk gS fd ^^jkehckbZ us funsZ'k fn;s ftlesa ;g crk;k Fkk fd vtesj esa esjk ,d edku gS tk eSa vius HkkUts jkes'ojyky dks nsuk pkgrh gwaA blds vykok vkSj dqN ugha crk;k FkkA mlus ;g Hkh dgk gS fd e`rdk gLrk{kj djrh Fkh vFkok ugha] mls ugha irkA mls ugha irk fd jkehckbZ ds ,d xksn dk yMdk gksA bl lk{kh ls tc ;g iwNk x;k fd izn'kZ&1 ds ist uEcj&2 ij vkids nLr[kr ;k vkidk dksbZ fu'kku ugha gS] vkidks D;k dguk gS \^^ ftlds mRrj esa lk{kh us crk;k fd ^^gekjs ;gka ;gh O;oLFkk gS fd lkjs c;ukeksa ij ;k foy ij izFke i`"B ij gh xokg ds nLr[kr gksrs gSa ckn esa vUr esa fy[kus okys ds vkSj fy[kokus okys ds gh nLr[kr ;k vaxwBk gksrk gSA^^ mlus vkxs ;g Hkh dgk gS fd vxLr&80 ds igys ;k ckn esa mlus fdlh Hkh olh;r ij xokgh ugha djh FkhA 19- Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 1925 ds psIVj&3 esa /kkjk 63 esa olh;rukek ds fu"iknu ds laca/k esa izko/kku fd;k x;k gS tks fuEu izdkj gS& “Execution of unprivileged wills :- Every testator, not being a soldier employed in an expedition or engaged in actual warfare, 1*[or an airman so employed or engaged,] or a mariner at sea, shall execute his will according to the following rules:-- (a) The testator shall sign or shall affix his mark to the will, or it shall be signed by some other person in his presence and by his direction. (b) The signature or mark of the testator, or the signature of the person signing for him, shall be so placed that it shall appear that it was inten ded thereby to give effect to the writing as a will. (b) The signature or mark of the testator, or the signature of the person signing for him, shall be so placed that it shall appear that it was inten ded thereby to give effect to the writing as a will. (c) The will shall be attested by two or more witnesses, each of whom has seen the testator sign or affix his mark to the will or has seen some other person sign the will, in the presence and by the direction of the testator, or has received from the testator a personal acknowledgment of his signature or mark, or of the signature of such other person; and each of the witnesses shall sign the will in the presence of the testator, but it shall not be necessary that more than one witness be present at the same time, and no particular form of attestation shall be necessary.” 20- gLrxr izdj.k esa tks lk{; vk;h gS] mlds vuqlkj mDr izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk iw.kZ :i ls fd;k tkuk izrhr gksrk gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us Hkh mDr izdkj ls /kkjk 63 mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ds izko/kku dh ikyuk gksuk ekuk gSA 21- Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e] 1872 dh /kkjk 68 esa nLrkost ds fu"iknu dks lkfcr djus esa izko/kku fd;k gS tks fuEu izdkj gS& “Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested.—If a document is required by law to be attested, it shall not be used as evidence until one attesting witness at least has been called for the purpose of proving its execution, if there be an attesting witness alive, and subject to the process of the Court and capable of giving evidence: [Provided that it shall not be necessary to call an attesting witness in proof of the execution of any document, not being a Will, which has been registered in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Registration Act, 1908 (16 of 1908), unless its execution by the person by whom it purports to have been executed is specifically denied.]” 22+- gLrxr izdj.k esa olh;rukes ds nksuksa vVsfLVax foVusl izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&2 thrsUnz eksgu tkSgjh rFkk izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&3 egs'kpUnz vxzoky us vius le{k VsLVsVj olh;rdrkZ jkehckbZ }kjk muds le{k olh;rukek fu"ikfnr djus vkSj mlds le{k vaxwBk fu'kkuh izR;sd i`"B ij yxkus rFkk muds dgus ls Lo;a }kjk gLrk{kj djuk crk;k gSA rnuqlkj mDr izko/kkuksa dh ikyuk Li"V :i ls gqbZ gSA 23- tgka rd vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ ds bl rdZ dk iz'u gS fd jkehckbZ gLrk{kj djrh Fkh rFkk vaxwBk ugha yxkrh FkhA pwafd olh;rukes ds nksuksa lk{kh;ku us Li"V :i ls dgk gS fd jkehckbZ us muds le{k vthZuohl ls olh;rukek fy[kus dks dgk tks vthZuohl }kjk fy[kk x;kA ftls vthZuohl us i<dj lquk;k ftls lqu] le>dj jkehckbZ us muds le{k viuh vaxwBk fu'kkuh yxk;h rFkk mlds dgus ls nksuksa lk{kh;ku us Hkh gLrk{kj fd;sA vr% jkehckbZ us vU; txg gLrk{kj fd;s gksa rFkk olh;rukes ij vaxwBk fu'kkuh yxk;h gks] mlds vk/kkj ij ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd jkehckbZ us olh;rukes ij vaxwBk ugha yxk;k gks rFkk olh;r lansgkLin gksA 24- tgka rd vVsfLVax foVusl }kjk vafre i`"B ij gLrk{kj djus dk iz'u gS] mUgksaus Li"V :i ls dgk gS fd vafre i`"B ij olh;rdrkZ jkehckbZ dk vaxwBk fu'kkuh rFkk olh;r fy[kus okys ds gLrk{kj gSa rFkk vVsfLVax foVusl ls izFke i`"B ij gLrk{kj gSaA ftlds laca/k esa izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&3 egs'kpUnz vxzoky us Li"V :i ls dgk gS fd ^^gekjs ;gka ;gh O;oLFkk gS fd lkjs c;ukeksa ij ;k foy ij izFke i`"B ij gh xokg ds nLr[kr gksrs gSa ckn esa vUr esa fy[kus okys ds vkSj fy[kokus okys ds gh nLr[kr ;k vaxwBk gksrk gSA^^ izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&2 MkW0 thrsUnz eksgu tkSgjh us dgk gS fd nwljs ist ij nLr[kr djus ckcr~ dkuwu dh tkudkjh ugha Fkh] blfy, ugha fd;s rFkk vUr esa ;g Hkh dgk gS fd lkekU;r% tgka dkxt lekIr gksrk gS] rc gLrk{kj fd;s tkrs gSaA 25- olh;rukek izn'kZ&1 ds voyksdu ls izdV gksrk gS fd ;g mnwZ Hkk"kk esa fy[kk gS rFkk mnwZ esa i`"B la[;k fgUnh ds i`"B la[;k ds foijhr pyrs gSaA rnuqlkj olh;rukek ij lk{kh;ku ds gLrk{kj vafre i`"B ij gh gSa vkSj olh;rdrkZ ds izR;sd i`"B ij vaxwBk fu'kkuh gSA ftls vVsfLVax foVusl us lkfcr fd;k gSA vr% bl vk/kkj ij olh;rukes ij lansg ugha fd;k tk ldrkA tSlk fd lqfe=k nsoh dkspj ,.M vnlZ ollZ LVsV ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; dh ,dyihB us Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 226 ds izko/kkuksa dh O;k[;k djrs gq, vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd& ”Execution of Will duly proved by attesting witnesses- Exclusion of daughter from inheritance does not raise suspicion about genuineness of Will.” blh izdkj Birbal (Since Deceased) through His L.Rs. Smt. Triveni Devi & Ors Vs. Smt. Gyarsi Widow of Lekhuram (Since Deceased) through Her L.Rs. Smt. Triveni Devi & Ors Vs. Smt. Gyarsi Widow of Lekhuram (Since Deceased) through Her L.Rs. Narsingh & Ors ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd& ^^tgka ij olh;r ds lk{;ksa dk ijh{k.k djk;k x;k vkSj vkorZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks lansgkLin u ekudj olh;r fl) dh xbZ gS] ogak ij izLrqrdrkZ ds fy, fdlh fo'ks"kK dk Hkh ijh{k.k djokuk vko';d ughaA^^ 26- tgka rd vihykFkhZ dks fookfnr lEifRr ls eg:e djus dk iz'u gSA gkykafd bl laca/k esa tks lk{; vfHkys[k ij vk;h gS] mlds vuqlkj vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ ds laca/k esa xksnukek fnukad 30-05-78 dks fu"ikfnr gqvk gS vkSj jkehckbZ dh fnukad 14-09-80 dks vFkkZr xksnukek ds djhc lok nks lky ckn e`R;q gqbZ gSA rFkkdfFkr xksnukek ds le; e`rdk jkehckbZ dh vk;q yxHkx 70 o"kZ crk;h x;h gSA rnuqlkj jkehckbZ o`)koLFkk esa FkhA vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr izn'kZ ,&2 yxk;r ,&7 i=@iksLVdkMZ is'k fd;s x;s gSa] muds voyksdu ls izdV gksrk gS fd i{kdkjksa ds e/; i=kpkj gksrk Fkk vkSj lu 1979&80 ds vklikl jkehckbZ dk LokLF; xMcM py jgk Fkk rFkk og bZyktjr FkhA Lohd`r :i ls olh;r ds fu"iknu ds rhu ekg igys gh jkehckbZ izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky jk;iqfj;k ds ;gka ij vejksgk esa FkhA o`)koLFkk dh LVst esa tcfd rRle; vFkkZr 1980 esa mldh vk;q yxHkx 72 o"kZ ls vf/kd gks x;h Fkh] og vius rFkkdfFkr xksniq= vihykFkhZ dks NksMdj vius Hkkats jkes'ojyky ds ikl tkdj jgrh FkhA ;g rF; gh vius vki esa izdV djrk gS fd og vihykFkhZ@vizkFkhZ@dsfo;sVj ls bruk izlUu ugha Fkh] cfYd izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky ls T;knk Lusg j[krh FkhA Lo;a vihykFkhZ us dsfo;sV izkFkZuk i= esa fy[kk gS fd jkehckbZ dh e`R;q fnukad 14-09-80 ds rqjUr igys fnukad 10-09-80 dks izkFkhZ] jkehckbZ ds cSad ykWdj esa j[ks tsojkr dher vUnktu nks yk[k :i;s dks cSad deZpkfj;ksa dh feyhHkxr djds /kks[ks ls ys x;kA mDr /kks[ks ds laca/k esa D;k dk;Zokgh dh x;h] ;g vfHkys[k ij is'k ugha dh x;h gSA ftlls /kks[ks ls lkeku ys tkuk ugha ekuk tk ldrk vkSj ;g rF; izdV djrk gS fd jkehckbZ us ykWdj gsrq vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ ds ctk; izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky dks vf/kd`r fd;k gqvk FkkA ftlls Hkh ;gh fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd og izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky ij vf/kd fo'okl djrh Fkh vkSj ,d lkekU; lw>cw> okyk O;fDr bldk ;gh fu"d"kZ fudky ldrk gS fd vihykFkhZ rFkk e`rdk ds vPNs laca/k ugha FksA blfy, e`rdk us edku dh olh;r vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ ds i{k esa u dj vius Hkkats vFkkZr izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky ds i{k esa fu"ikfnr dhA vr% vihykFkhZ ds bl rdZ esa dksbZ lkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA 27- vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ ds bl rdZ dk iz'u gS fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us e`rdk ds vaxq"B fu'kkuh dk feyku vihykFkhZ }kjk ugha djk;k tkuk ekudj mls lkfcr djus dk Hkkj vihykFkhZ ij Mkydj =qfV dh gS] bl laca/k esa bruk dguk i;kZIr gksxk fd tgka ij ,d i{k ldkjkRed lk{; ns jgk gS] ogka ij ml lk{kh ds dFkuksa dks [kf.Mr djus dk Hkkj ml i{k ij vk tkrk gS tks mls udkjrk gSA gLrxr izdj.k esa izkFkhZ lk{kh la[;k&2 o 3 us Li"V :i ls e`rdk }kjk lqu] le>dj olh;r ij viuk vaxwBk fu'kkuh fd;s tkus ckcr~ lk{; nh gS vkSj nksuksa lk{kh;ku ls vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj dh vskj ls foLr`r izfrijh{k.k fd;k x;k gS] fdUrq izfrijh{k.k esa ,slh dksbZ lk{; ugha vk;h gS ftlls muds dFkuksa ij vfo'okl fd;k tk ldsA ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa e`rdk vaxwBk fu'kkuh ugha yxkrh gks] bls lkfcr djus dk Hkkj vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj ij vk tkrk gSA tSlk fd fxj/kkjh yky ollZ Jh izse yky izdk'k ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS& ”When Caveator alleges undue influence, fraud, coersion etc. onus is upon him to prove the same.” 28- vr% vihykFkhZ ds bl rdZ esa dksbZ lkj ugha jg tkrk gSA tgka rd vihykFkhZ ds bl rdZ dk iz'u gS fd fookfnr lEifRr esa vU; fgLlsnkj Hkh gSa vkSj e`rdk dks fookfnr lEifRr dh olh;r djus dk vf/kdkj ugha FkkA bl laca/k esa tSlk fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd izkscsV dk;Zokgh esa lEifRr ds LokfeRo ds laca/k esa dksbZ fu"d"kZ ugha fudkyk tkrk gSA /kkjk 283¼lh½ Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 1925 ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj flQZ olh;rukes ds fu"iknu ds laca/k esa gh fu"d"kZ fudkyk tkrk gS tSlk fd Smt. Parwati @ Kushalya Vs. Chhitar Mal ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS& ”Probate Court is only concerned with question as to whether document forwarded as last will of deceased person was duly executed and attested according to law-- Other questions cannot be agitated- Caveator cannot challenge title of testator to disputed property in probate proceedings.” 29- blds vfrfjDr iq"ik nsoh ollZ eksrhyky ,.M vnlZ ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS& ^^izkscsV dh dk;Zokgh esa lEifRr ds LoRo ds lEcU/k esa iz'u ugha mBk;k tk ldrkA^^ 30- bl U;kf;d n`"VkUr esa vkxs ;g Hkh vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd olh;rdrkZ dh {kerk ;fn lkfcr rFkk lafnX/k ifjfLFkfr;ka tc vlkfcr gks tk,a rks izkscsV iznku djuk lkekU; ifj.kke gSA 31- lh-ds- izgyknk ,.M vnlZ ollZ LVsV vkQ dukZVdk ,.M vnlZ ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd& ”A succession certificate is granted for a limited purpose. A court granting a succession certificate does not decide the question of title. A nominee or holder of succession certificate has a duty to hand over the property to the person who has a legal title thereto. By obtaining a succession certificate alone, a person does not become the owner of the property.” 32- vr% mDr U;kf;d n`"VkUrksa ds ifjizs{; esa bl rdZ esa dksbZ lkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA 33- vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUr Jhefr lqn'kZu ollZ fjiq;nkeu flag ,.M vnlZ ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa Hkh bl U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd& “It may be noticed that the execution of the will was not disputed before the learned single Judge. It may also be noticed that the appellant has been accepted to be the legally wedded wife by the respondents as observed by the learned single Judge. No evidence has been placed on record from the side of the respondents that the will is a result of fraud, coercion, undue influence and/or that the executant was not in sound health and mind at the time of execution of the will. No suspicious circumstance has been pointed out from the side of the respondents on the strength of which the will in question can be discarded. The will according to the executant is a pious document and his wisdom and looking to the over all circumstances he desires to give benefit to some one for whom he has love and affection or the will is resulting out of the services rendered by a particular person in whose favour the will is being made. The executant is dead. The will always speaks from the grave of the executant and unless and until there is some thing on the record which pricks the conscience of the Court regarding the validity of the will, the Courts of law should always give respect to the wishes of the deceased executant since it is his will, wish and desire that the property he is bequeathing should go to whom he desires to give in the manner indicated in the will. The Court should always place itself in the position of the executant and then examine the will its execution and attestation taking into consideration the over all attending circumstances and the history of the family. 34- blh izdkj ,l- dkfy;kEey ,.M vnlZ ollZ ds- iykuhvkeey vkSj vnlZ ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa enzkl mPp U;k;ky; dh ,dyihB us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd& “The counsel for the appellants referred to the judgments reported in Bhagwan Kaur v. Kartar Kaur, to contend that the decision on the due execution of the will is not primarily arriving at a finding of fact, as it has a admixture of law due to the specific requirements of Section 63 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925 towards due execution. 1 am of the opinion that, only when the execution of the will is denied by a party, then the burden is on the party who relies upon the will to prove the execution of the same. 1 am of the opinion that, only when the execution of the will is denied by a party, then the burden is on the party who relies upon the will to prove the execution of the same. When the execution is not denied, it is unneces-ary to compel the person who relies upon the document to let in evidence to establish the execution, since the admitted facts need not be proved. As already stated when the plaintiffs pleaded that the will has been executed by the said Nanjammal by fraud and undue influence, it the duty of the plaintiffs to establish the same. In the absence of any evidence to support the plea of the plaintiffs, it has to be held that the will executed by Nanjammal in favour of the defendants 3 and 4 is valid. Apart from this, the other circumstance also can be taken into consideration. The defendants 1 and 2 who are the other sons of the said Nanjammal, the testator, have admitted the execution of the will and they support the defendants 3 and 4. The plaintiffs have not alleged anything against the defendants 1 and 2 in respect of their conduct in supporting the defendants 3 and 4. In the absence of any adverse remarks in respect of the conduct of the defendants 1 and 2, since their interest in the property bequeathed under the will is also involved, I see no ground to differ from the findings of the lower appellate Court. Thought the lower appellate Court has not discussed in detail and dismissed the appeal for other reasons, I do not think it is necessary to remit the matter to the lower appellate Court for fresh consideration. Thought the lower appellate Court has not discussed in detail and dismissed the appeal for other reasons, I do not think it is necessary to remit the matter to the lower appellate Court for fresh consideration. Hence the available materials are sufficient enough to dispose of the appeal.” 35- tgka rd vf/koDRkk vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUr ,u- dekye¼e`r½ ,.M vnlZ ollZ v;;klkeh ,.M vkSj ¼mijksDr½ dk iz'u gS] ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd& “Turning on to the former expression onus probandi, it is now a fairly well-settled principle that the same lies in every case upon the party propounding the will and may satisfy the courts conscious that the instrument as propounded is the last will of a free and capable testator, meaning thereby obviously, that the testator at the time when he subscribed his signature on to the will had a sound and disposing state of mind and memory and ordinarily, however, the onus is discharged as regards the due execution of the will if the propounder leads evidence to show that the will bears the signature and mark of the testator and that the will is duly attested. This attestation however, shall have to be in accordance with Section 68 of the Evidence Act which requires that if a document is required by law to be attested, it shall not be used as evidence until at least one attesting witness has been called for the purpose of proving its execution and the same is so however, in the event of there being an attesting witness alive and capable of giving the evidence. The law is also equally wellsettled that in the event of there being circumstances surrounding the execution of the will, shrouded in suspicion, it is the duty paramount on the part of the propounder to remove that suspicion by leading satisfactory evidence.” ftleas dksbZ fookn ugha gSA ;g U;kf;d n`"VkUr izkscsV dk;Zokgh ls lacaf/kr u gksdj lEifRr ds LokfeRo dk dCtk ,oa fookn fu;fer okn ls lacaf/kr gSA ftlesa iathd`r fodz;i= ds fu"iknu ds vf/kdkjksa ds laca/k esa fu.kZ; fn;k x;k gS rFkk ml fu;fer okn esa olh;rukek ds vVsfLVax foVusl dks is'k ugha fd;k x;k FkkA ftl ij mPp U;k;ky; us vihy ds lkFk vkosnu is'k gqvk vkSj mlds lkFk 'kiFk i= izLrqr gqvk] ftlesa ;g fy[kk x;k fd& “Unfortunately when I approached the two attestors of the will to give evidence in respect of their attestation, both of them declined to figure as witnesses since the first respondent is very close associate of theirs. Hence I could not prove the will as required by law.” 37- ckn esa os vVsfLVax foVusl lk{; gsrq rS;kj gks x;s Fks] ijUrq muesa ls ,d xokg xksfoUnkjktwyw cgqr o`) gks x;k Fkk rFkk mldk LokLF; Bhd ugha Fkk rFkk nwljs xokg lqckg xkm.Mj dh e`R;q gks pqdh FkhA bl vk/kkj ij olh;rukek dks izekf.kr ugha ekuk x;k] tcfd gLrxr izdj.k esa nksuksa vVsfLVax foVusl ijhf{kr gq, gSa vkSj mUgksaus fof/k&vuqlkj olh;rukek dks lkfcr fd;k gSA rnuqlkj bl U;kf;d n`"VkUr ds rF; gLrxr izdj.k ds rF;ksa ls fHkUu gksus ds dkj.k vihykFkhZ dh dksbZ enn ugha djrk gSA 38- ukxqykifr y{lekek ollZ eq;Iikjktq lqcfg¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd& “The testator may sign or affix his mark himself or direct some other person to sign in his presence. The reason for such a provision is quite obvious. Many a time, people who are desirious of making testamentary dispositions may be physically incapacitated from signing their names or affixing their marks on account of illness or other causes. Such persons should not be deprived of an opportunity of making a will. Such persons can instead of signing or affixing their marks themselves can direct some other person to sign in their presence. But in the case of attestors such an enabling provision is absent. Such persons should not be deprived of an opportunity of making a will. Such persons can instead of signing or affixing their marks themselves can direct some other person to sign in their presence. But in the case of attestors such an enabling provision is absent. When the same section makes a distinction expressly between a testator and an attestor it is not possible to accept the contention that an attestor can also direct some other person to sign or make a mark of his behalf. If a witness to the execution of the will chooses to do so, he is not an attesting witness as there is no attestation by him as contemplated by Section 63(c) of the Indian Succession Act. Consequently, he will not be an attesting witness for the purpose of Section 68 of the Indian Evidence Act. For the purpose of valid attestation under Section 63 of the Indian Succession Act it is absolutely necessary that the attesting witness should either sign or affix his thumb impression or mark himself as the Section does not permit an attesting witness to delegate that function to another. For the purpose of valid attestation under Section 63 of the Indian Succession Act it is absolutely necessary that the attesting witness should either sign or affix his thumb impression or mark himself as the Section does not permit an attesting witness to delegate that function to another. 39- ftleas dksbZ fookn ugha gS vkSj gLrxr izdj.k esa /kkjk 63¼lh½ Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e rFkk /kkjk 68 Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa dh iw.kZ ikyuk dh x;h gSA vr% U;kf;d n`"VkUr vihykFkhZ dh dksbZ enn ugha djrk gSA 40- Jhefr eUgj dqekjh ollZ Jhefr xksfoan daoj ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa olh;r 1965 esa fojfpr ij izkscsV gsrq vkosnu 1975 esa fn;k vkSj foyEc ds vUrjky dks Li"V ugha fd;k x;k] ftlds vk/kkj ij olh;r dks lansgkLin ekuk gS] ijUrq gLrxr izdj.k esa olh;rukek fu"iknu dh rkjh[k 20-08-1980 gS rFkk fnukad 14-09-1980 dks jkehckbZ olh;rdrkZ dh e`R;q gqbZ gS rFkk Lo;a vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj us v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k /kkjk 372 Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds rgr vkosnu is'k dj fdjk;snkjksa ds laca/k esa fdjk;s ds mRrjkf/kdkj dh izkFkZuk dh gS] ftlesa mlus izR;FkhZ@e`rd jkes'ojyky dks i{kdkj cuk;k gS vkSj mlus vukifRr tkfgj dh gS rFkk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k Lo;a vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj@vizkFkhZ us fdjk;snkj eqjyh/kj ,oa 'kkafryky }kjk U;k;ky; eqaflQ vtesj flVh] if'pe esa izLrqr izkFkZuki= 19¼,½ dh izfr is'k dh gS] ftlesa fdjk;snkjksa us Hkh dsfo;sVj dSyk'kpUn ds lkFk vizkFkhZ la[;k&2 ds :i esa izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky dks i{kdkj cuk;k gSA ;g vkosnu fnukad 06-11-80 rFkk 30-10-80 dks is'k fd;s x;s gSa tks e`rd jkehckbZ dh e`R;q ds i'pkr is'k fd;s x;s gSaA ftlesa jkes'ojyky }kjk fnukad 24-09-80 dks jftLVMZ ,-Mh- uksfVl fdjk;s ds ckcr~ fn;s x;s gSa vkSj mUgksaus olh;r ds vk/kkj ij fdjk;s dh ekax dh gSA vr% olh;rukek ds rF; dk e`rdk dh e`R;q ds ckn gh [kqyklk dj fn;k x;k vkSj mldh tkudkjh vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj dks gksuk izdV gksrk gS vkSj blh dkj.k vihykFkhZ }kjk izLrqr mRrjkf/kdkj ds vkosnu esa jkes'ojyky dks i{kdkj cukuk izdV gksrk gSA lkFk gh gLrxr izdj.k esa izkscsV ds fy, vkosnu e`rdk dh e`R;q ds ckn fnukad 22-01-86 dks is'k fd;k x;k gSA vr% bl U;kf;d n`"VkUr ls lacaf/kr izdj.k esa ftruk foyEc Fkk] mruk foyEc gLrxr izdj.k esa ugha gSA vr% bl vk/kkj ij Hkh olh;r ij lansg ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj ;g U;kf;d n`"VkUr vihykFkhZ dh dksbZ enn ugha djrk gSA 41- xqjks ¼Jhefr½ ollZ vkRek flag vkSj vnlZ ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa tks rF; vk;s gSa] os bl izdkj gSa& “One G was said to have executed a will whereby he bequeathed all his property to his distant cousin, the respondent, the grandson of the brother of the grandfather of G. The brother and sister of G had died during the life time of G and the appellant is the daughter of G's Sister. However in the will G stated that he had no issue nor he had any sister and he had one brother who also died and he was the owner of the property, that he had been ill for a long time and had become blind and was now seriously ill and there was no hope for his survival and after his death, the respondent would be the owner of his property because he was his real brother and he would be really entitled. The scribe of the will was a shopkeeper and there was thumb impression of the testator. It was attested by five persons but only K and S among them were examined by the Court. In the mutation proceedings commenced after death of G the respondent sought mutation in his favour on the basis of the will. The Assistant Collector did not accept the will on the ground that is was not beyond suspicion and sanctioned mutation in favour of the appellant. The respondent then filed a suit for declaration claiming share of G on the basis of the will. The Trial court decreed the suit. But on appeal the Additional District Judge noticed the following suspicious circumstances in regard to the will: (1) The will mentions that the testator had been ill for a long time and was seriously ill at the time of execution of the will. (2) The testator stated that he did not have any sister, which was not correct. (3) The Respondent, sole legatee, has been wrongly described as the real brother of the testator. (4) No reasons are mentioned in the will why the appellant, who was the natural heir of the testator was being ignored. (5) Although the testator was literate, the will bore him thumb impression. (6) The will is an unregistered document not scribed by a regular deed writer and as such could be prepared at any time. (7) Within eight days of the execution of the will the testator died. The appellate court also found that contradictory statement has been made by the respondent with regard to his presence at the time of the execution of the will, by the scribe aswell as by K. The appellate court, therefore reversed the decree of the trial court and dismissed the suit of the respondent. The appellate court also found that contradictory statement has been made by the respondent with regard to his presence at the time of the execution of the will, by the scribe aswell as by K. The appellate court, therefore reversed the decree of the trial court and dismissed the suit of the respondent. But the High Court allowed the second appeal filed by the respondent and restored the judgement and decree of the trial court on the view that the will had been validly executed. 42- ftl ij bl rF; dks ns[krs gq, ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd& “The High Court was not justified in reversing the findings of fact recorded by the Appellate Court which were based on a proper appreciation of the evidence on record. In doing so, the High Court has failed to attach sufficient importance to the various suspicious features relating to execution of the will that were pointed out by the appellate court. There is a recital in this will that the testator had been ill for a long time and was seriously ill at the time of execution of the will and he died within eight days of execution of the will, In view of the said recital, it was necessary for the plaintiffrespondent no.1 to adduce satisfactory evidence with regard to the nature of the illness of the testator and about his mental capacity to execute the will. The incorrect statements in the will with regard to testator having no sister and respondent being his real brother have to be considered in this background. The testator was a literate person and had been writing receipts etc. even earlier. In the circumstances, it was necessary for the plaintiff-respondent to adduce satisfactory evidence to show why, instead of signatures, the thumb impression of the testator was obtained on the will. The role of the respondent in the execution of the will also created suspicion. The will was executed outside the residence of respondent on a bahi brought by his son. The respondent has made contradictory statements about his presence at the time of execution of the will. Only two of the five attesting witnesses have been examined. Both of them, made an effort to deny the illness of the testator at the time of the execution of the will and have also departed from their earlier statements recorded during the mutation proceedings. Only two of the five attesting witnesses have been examined. Both of them, made an effort to deny the illness of the testator at the time of the execution of the will and have also departed from their earlier statements recorded during the mutation proceedings. In these circumstances, it was necessary that the other attesting witness should also have been examined by plaintiff-respondent. Taking into consideration the aforesaid features, it must be held the High Court was not justified in reversing the findings of fact recorded by the Appellate Court that will was not proved to be a genuine document executed by G and in holding that the execution of the will had been satisfactorily proved by respondent. The mode of proving a will does not ordinarily differ from that of proving any other document as to the special requirement prescribed in the case of a will by Section 63 of the Indian Succession Act. The onus of proving the will is on the circumstances surrounding the execution of the will, proof of testamentary capacity and signature of the testator as required by law is sufficient to discharge the onus. Where, however there were suspicious circumstances, the onus would be on the propounder to explain them to the satisfaction of the Court before the will could be accepted as genuine. Such suspicious circumstances may be a shaky signature, a feeble mind and unfair and unjust disposal of property or the propounder himself taking a leading part in the making of the will under which he receives a substantial benefit. The presence of suspicious circumstances makes the initial onus heavier and the propounder must remove all legitimates suspicion before the document can be accepted as the last will of the testator. The presence of suspicious circumstances makes the initial onus heavier and the propounder must remove all legitimates suspicion before the document can be accepted as the last will of the testator. 43- ftlesa dksbZ fookn ugha gS] ijUrq gLrxr izdj.k esa tks rF; vk;s gSa vkSj ftudk Åij foospu fd;k x;k gSA dsfo;sVj e`rdk dk xksniq= jgk gSA e`rdk us olh;rukek viuh e`R;q ds rhu ekg iwoZ vius Hkkats vFkkZr izkFkhZ jkes'ojyky ds i{k esa fu"ikfnr dh rFkk o`)koLFkk esa mlds ikl tkdj fuokl dj jgh Fkh rFkk vafre lkal Hkh ugha yh vkSj tSlk Åij fooj.k fd;k x;k gS tks ifjfLFkfr;ka vk;ha gS] mlls ;gh fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj ls e`rdk ds lkFk vPNs laca/k ugha Fks rFkk e`rdk vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj ls larq"V ugha gksus ds dkj.k og izR;FkhZ@izkFkhZ ds ikl tkdj jgus yxh FkhA vr% bl U;kf;d n`"VkUr ds rF; gLrxr izdj.k ds rF;ksa ls fHkUu gksus ds dkj.k vihykFkhZ@dsfo;sVj dh dksbZ enn ugha djrk gSA 44- ch- osDVkeqfu ollZ lh-ts- v;ks/;k jke flag ,.M vnlZ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd& “when a question comes up for consideration before a court in regard to grant of probate or Letters of Administration with a copy of the Will annexed thereto, it is trite that all circumstances should be taken into consideration. Though proof of execution of the Will in terms of Section 63 of the Indian Succession Act and Sections 67 and 68 of the Indian Evidence Act would be a pre-requisite, but, to take the same in evidence it is also trite that while arriving at a finding as to whether the Will has duly been executed or not, the court must satisfy its conscience having regard to the totality of the circumstances. Compliance with statutory requirements itself is not sufficient. In the event of suspicion in regard to the genuineness or otherwise thereof, the Will must be proved to have been executed in accordance with law establishing that the same has been done in presence of at least two witnesses. Although, the court should not approach the question with a suspicion that the Will is not a genuine one, the general guidelines laid down by the Supreme Court and the High Court in this behalf should be followed. The issue necessarily involves due appreciation of evidence and each case must be determined in the fact situation obtaining therin. Although, the court should not approach the question with a suspicion that the Will is not a genuine one, the general guidelines laid down by the Supreme Court and the High Court in this behalf should be followed. The issue necessarily involves due appreciation of evidence and each case must be determined in the fact situation obtaining therin. 45- ftlesa dksbZ fookn ugha gSA gLrxr izdj.k esa /kkjk 63 Hkkjrh; mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e rFkk /kkjk 67] 68 Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa dh iw.kZ ikyuk djrs gq, v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us vkyksP; fu.kZ; ikfjr djrs gq, izkscsV ikfjr fd;k gS] ftlesa izLrqr rdksaZ ds vk/kkj ij gLr{ksi fd;s tkus dk dksbZ vk/kkj izdV ugha gksrk gS rFkk ;g fofo/k vihy Lohdkj fd;s tkus ;ksX; ugha ik;h tkrh gSA 46- rnuqlkj ;g fofo/k vihy lkjghu gksus ds vk/kkj ij vLohdkj dh tkrh gS rFkk fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; vkns'k dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA 47- v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vfHkys[k vkns'k dh izfr ds lkFk vfoyEc ykSVk;k tkosA