1- izR;FkhZ la[;k 2 ds uksfVl ij ;g fjiksVZ vkbZ gS fd mldh e`R;q gks pqdh gS rFkk mlds ifjokj ds yksx cEcbZ esa jgrs gSA 2- vihykFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dk dFku gS fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 ds vkosnu ij okn dks vcsV fd;k gSA izR;FkhZ la[;k 2 izksQkekZ i{kdkj gS] ftldh rkehy fMlisal&fop dj nh tkosA 3- izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dk dFku gS fd vihykFkhZx.k viuh tksf[ke ij izR;FkhZ 2 ds dk;e eqdke dks fcuk vfHkys[k ij fy, muds rkehy fMlisal&foFk djkuk pkgrs gS vkSj blls ;fn vihy izHkkfor gksrh gS rks os viuk vf/kdkj lqjf{kr j[kuk pkgrs gSA 4- rnuqlkj vihykFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk ds fuosnu ij o mudh tksf[ke ij izR;FkhZ la[;k 2 ds dk;e eqdke dks vfHkys[k ij fy, fcuk mudh rkehy fMlisal&foFk dh tkrh gSA i{kdkjksa dh lgefr ls vihy ij xq.kkoxq.k ij lquokbZ dh xbZA 5- vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk ;g flfoy fofo/k vihy vkyksP; vkns'k fnuakd 03-11-2017 ds fo:) izLrqr dh xbZ gS] tks fd fo}ku flfoy U;k;k/kh'k ¼ofj”B [k.M½ >wa>uw }kjk nhokuh okn la[;k 51@1997 uUn fd'kksj cuke fxUuh nsoh esa ikfjr dj vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= vUrZxr nkns'k 22 fu;e 4 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk o mlds lkFk /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e ds izkFkZuk i= dks vLohdkj fd;k x;k gS ,oa izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 izfroknh }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk&i= Lohdkj dj oknhx.k dk okn izfroknh la[;k 3 dSyk'k dh lhek rd vcsV fd;k x;k gS vkSj mlds uke ds vkxs QkSrxh ntZ dj mldk uke gVkus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k gSA 6- izdj.k ds rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS fd vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k us o”kZ 1997 esa ,d okn ckcr fu”dklu o cdk;k fdjk;k dh olwyh gsrq izLrqr fd;k] ftlesa ;g vfHkopu fd;k x;k fd ewy fdjk;snkj Jhfuokl Fks] tks 41 o”kZ ls fdjk;snkj Fks vkSj izfroknhx.k muds fof/kd izfrfuf/kx.k gSA fookfnr ifjlj ,d nqdku gS tks uoyx<+ esa fLFkr gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k izdj.k vafre cgl gsrq fu;r Fkk] ml le; izfroknh dSyk'k dh fnukad 04-11-2013 dks e`R;q gks xbZA mlds dk;e eqdke dks vfHkys[k ij ysus ds fy, vkosnu vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k us fnukad 28-05-2015 dks izLrqr fd;k vkSj mlds lkFk /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dk vkosnu Hkh izLrqr fd;kA izfroknh la[;k 1 izfroknh us ,d vkosnu is'k dj okn vcsV gksus ds vk/kkj ij fujLr djus dh izkFkZuk dh] ftl ij lquokbZ dj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= vUrxZr vkns'k 22 fu;e 4 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk o /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e ds izkFkZuk&i= dks vLohdkj dj fn;k rFkk izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 izfroknh }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk&i= dks Lohdkj dj izfroknh la[;k 3 dSyk'k dh lhek rd okn dh vcsV dj fn;k] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k us ;g vihy izLrqr dh gSA 7- vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh ,l-lh- xqIrk dk dFku gS fd vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k mDr okn esa o”kZ 1997 ls iSjoh dj jgs gS iwjh lquokbZ gks pqdh gSA izfroknh la[;k 3 dSyk'k dh e`R;q fnukad 04-11-2013 dks gqbZ gS ,oa mlds ckn Hkh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k izfroknh la[;k 3 dh vksj ls muds vfo/koDrk fujUrj gksrs jgs gS vkSj mUgksusa dHkh Hkh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k izfroknh la[;k 3 dh e`R;q dk rF; ugha crk;k vkSj u vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k dks gh crk;kA mUgksusa loZizFke fnukad 01-05-2015 dks vkns'k 22 fu;e 10&, flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr ,d vkosnu is'k dj izfroknh la[;k 3 dSyk'k dh e`R;q dh lwpuk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr dh] mlesa mUgksusa vkns'k 22 fu;e 10&, flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds izko/kkuksa ds rgr izfroknh la[;k 3 ds dk;e eqdke dk dksbZ o.kZu ugha fn;kA mDr vkosnu is'k gksus ds rqjUr ckn fnukad 28-05-2015 dks vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k us e`rd dSyk'k izfroknh la[;k 3 ds dk;e eqdke dks vfHkys[k ij ysus gsrq vkosnu is'k dj fn;k vkSj lkFk gh /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dk izkFkZuk i= is'k dj] izkFkZuk&i= is'k djus esa gq, foyEc dks ekQ djus dk fuosnu fd;k] ftls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us xyr :i ls vLohdkj dj fn;kA mudk dFku gS fd /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e ds vkosnu dks vkns'k 22 fu;e 9 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dk ekudj vkns'k ikfjr djuk pkfg, Fkk] tks ugh fd;k x;k gSA mudk dFku gS fd izfroknh la[;k 3 dSyk'k ds dk;e eqdke dks vfHkys[k ij ysus ds lEcU/k esa vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k dh dksbZ nqHkkZouk ugha jgh gSA og Lo;a Hkw&Lokeh gSA eqdnesa dk 'kh?kz fuLrkj.k djkuk pkgrk gS] foyEc ls mUgsa dksbZ ykHk ugh gks ldrk gSA o”kZ 1997 ls cjkcj iSjoh dj jgk gS] ftl ij fopkj fd, fcuk o bl rF; ij fopkj fd, fcuk fd vkns'k 22 fu;e 10, dk izko/kku vkKkRed gS] ftudh izfroknhx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us ikyuk ugha dh gS cfYd muds }kjk U;k;ky; dks eqxkyrsa esa j[kdj e`rd izfroknh la[;k 3 dh vkSj ls cjkcj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k mifLFkfr nh tkrh jgh gS] bl ij fopkj fd, fcuk gh vkosnu vLohdkj djus esa =qfV dh gSA vr% vkyksP; vkns'k dks vikLr fd;k tkos rFkk vcsVesaV dks vikLr (set aside) fd;k tkdj e`rd dSyk'k pUn ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k dks vfHkys[k ij ysus dk vkns'k ikfjr fd;k tkosA fo}ku vf/koDrk us vius rdZ ds leFkZu esa gekjk /;ku nhokuh izfØ;k lafgrk 1908 ds vkns'k 19] lkekU; fu;e ¼nhokuh½ ds fu;e 23] 43 dh vkSj gekjk /;ku vkdf”kZr dj feBkbZyky nky lkaxj flag cuke vUukckbZ nsojke fduh] 2003¼10½ ,llhlh 691] uxhuk flag o vU; cuke ukxkflag o vU; ,vkbZvkj 2002 ,llh 3028] Hkxoku Lo:i o vU; cuke ewypan o vU;] 1983¼2½ ,llhlh 132] ljnkjk vejthr flag dkyjk e`rd tfj;s fof/kd izfrfuf/k cuke izeksn xqIrk e`rd tfj;s fof/kd izfrfuf/k 2003¼3½ ,llhlh 272 dk voyEc fy;kA 8- mDr rdksZ dk ?kksj fojks/k djrs gq, izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 izfroknh ds fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh ,e ds tSu dk dFku gS fd izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 us v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k tks vkosnu is'k fd;k gS mlesa Li”V :i ls mYys[k fd;k gS fd izfroknh la[;k 3 dSyk'k dh e`R;q dh frfFk 04-11-2013 dks gh vihykFkhZx.k&izfroknhx.k dks Fkh ijarq fQj Hkh mUgksusa fof/kd izfrfuf/k dks vfHkys[k ij ysus ds fy, fu/kkZfjr vof/k esa dksbZ vkosnu is'k ugha fd;k gSA mudk dFku gS fd vkns'k 22 fu;e 4 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dk vkns'k is'k djus ds fy, fu/kkZfjr vof/k 90 fnol dh gksrh gS vkSj 90 fnol es vkosnu is'k ugha fd;k tkrk gS rks okn Lor% gh vcsV gks tkrk gS rks mlds ckn vkns'k 22 fu;e 9 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk esa vcsVesaV vikLr (Set aside) djus dk izko/kku gS] tks vkosnu vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k }kjk vkt rd is'k ugha fd;k x;k gSA mudk dFku gS fd okn vcsV gksus ds ckn izfroknhx.k ds vf/kdkj mRiUu gks x, gS] ftUgs fujLr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd bl vihy esa izR;FkhZ la[;k 2 foeyk dh rkehy ugha djokbZ xbZ gS rFkk mldh rkehy fMlisl foFk djokbZ xbZ gS rFkk mldh e`R;q Hkh gks pqdh gSA mlds dk;e eqdke dks vfHkys[k ij ugha fy;k x;k gS] ftlls ;g vihy vcsV gks pqdh gSA mUgksusa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; dks lgh crkrs gq, vihy fujLr djus dk fuosnu fd;kA fo}ku vf/koDrk us vius rdZ ds leFkZu esa yadk osdsVlojyw e`rd tfj;s fof/kd izfrfuf/k cuke LVsV vkWQ vkU/kz izns'k o vU; 2011¼4½ ,llhlh 363] cyoar flag ¼e`rd½ txnh'k flag o vU; 2010¼8½ ,llhlh 685] dsnkj xqtZj cuke jkeukFk o vU;] 2012 MCy;w ,y lh ¼jkt-½ ;wlh 776 rFkk Hkwous'ojh csok o vU; cuke LVsV vkWQ mM+hlk o vU;] , vkbZ vkj 1979 mM+hlk 171 dk voyac fy;kA 9- izfr&mŸkj esa vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dk dFku gS fd ;g fofo/k vihy ewy okn dh vkWQ'kwV gS rFkk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k okn dks vcsV djus dk vkosnu izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 xkSjh 'kadj us gh izLrqr fd;k Fkk vkSj mlh ds vkosnu ij vkyksP; vkns'k ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA vr% izR;FkhZ la[;k 2 dh e`R;q gks tkus ls ;g vihy vizHkkfor gksrh gS D;ksfd izR;FkhZ la[;k 2 ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k ewy okn esa vfHkys[k ij vkus pkfg, Fks] bl flfoy fofo/k vihy esa vfHkys[k ij ugha vkrs gS rks bl vihy dks izHkkfor ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA mudk ;g Hkh dFku gS fd izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 }kjk izLrqr vkosnu i= esa 'kiFk i= izLrqr fd, tkus ls ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk gS fd muds vkosnu esa izLrqr rF; fcYdqy lgh gS] D;ksfd 'kiFk&i= U;k;ky; ds vkns'k ls is'k fd, tkus dk izko/kku gS ,oa blds fy, vkns'k 19 fu;e 1 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk esa fo'ks”k izko/kku gS rFkk bl lEcU/k esa lkekU; fu;e nhokuh esa Hkh fof'k”V izko/kku fn;k x;k gSA 10- lquk x;k rFkk i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA ;g rF; vfookfnr gS fd ewy okn v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k o”kZ 1997 ls yfEcr pyk vk jgk gS rFkk izfroknh dSyk'k dh e`R;q fnukad 04-11-2013 dks gqbZ gS rFkk vihykFkhZx.k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk us cgl ds nkSjku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dh vknsf'kdkvksa dh ds ckn yxkrkj izfroknh la[;k 3 ds vf/koDrk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k mifLFkr gks jgs gS vkSj vknsf'kdkvksa esa cjkcj ^odwyk; i{kdkj mifLFkr^ fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk fy[kk tk jgk gSA izfroknh la[;k 1 us loZizFke fnukad 01-05-2015 dks v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k vkosnu is'k dj izfroknh la[;k 3 dSyk'k dh e`R;q frfFk 04-11-2013 crkrs gq, mldh lwpuk nh gSA vkns'k 22 fu;e 10, flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk es fuEu izko/kku gS& “10A. Duty of pleader to communicate to Court death of it party -Whenever a pleader appearing for a party to the suit comes to know of the death of that party, he shall inform the Court about it, and the Court shall thereupon give notice of such death to the other party, and, for this purpose, the contract between the pleader and the deceased party shall be deemed to subsist.” 11- mDr izko/kku dh ikyuk e`rd izfroknh ds vf/koDrk }kjk fd;k tkuk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dh vknsf'kdkvksa ls izdV ugha gksrk gS ,oa u gh Loa; izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 ds fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh ,e ds tSu us bl laca/k esa bl U;k;ky; ds le{k dksbZ rdZ izLrqr fd;s gSA vkns'k 22 fu;e 10&, flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds mijksDr izko/kku ls izdV gksrk gS fd fo/kkf;dk us “shall” 'kCn dke esa fy;k x;k gSA rnuqlkj ;g izko/kku vkKkRed izko/kku gS] ftldh ikyuk izfroknhx.k }kjk ugh dh xbZ gSA ;g lgh gS fd izfroknh la[;k 1 us v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k tks vkosnu is'k fd;k gS ml vkosnu esa oknhx.k dks izfroknh la[;k 3 dh e`R;q dh tkudkjh e`R;q dh frfFk ls gksus dk mYys[k fd;k gS vkSj mlds leFkZu esa 'kiFk i= Hkh izLrqr fd;k gS ijUrq oknhx.k us /kkjk 4 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dk tks vkosnu is'k fd;k gS mlesa Li”V :i ls fy[kk gS fd & ^^izkFkhZ vius ikfjokfjd dk;Z esa O;Lr Fkk o mldh ekrkth eqUuh nsoh dh rch;r Bhd ugha Fkh blfy, e`r i{kdkj dSyk'k dh tkudkjh ugha Fkh] fiNyh rkjh[k is'kh fnukad 01-05-2015 ij izfroknhx.k }kjk izkFkZuk i= is'k gksus ij tkudkjh gqbZ] fQj Hkh ;fn nsjh ekuh tkrh gS rks nsjh {kek gsrq izkFkZuk i= izLrqr gSA^^ 12- rnuqlkj bl vkosnu esa vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k us e`rd dSyk'k dh e`R;q dh tkudkjh ugha gksus dk Li”V mYys[k fd;k gS vkSj Li”V fy[kk gS fd fnukad 01-05-2015 dks izfroknh la[;k 1 }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= ls tkudkjh gqbZ gSA ;g lgh gS fd bl vkosnu ds leFkZu esa dksbZ 'kiFk i= izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gSA vkns'k 19 fu;e 1 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk esa 'kiFk i= ds ckjs esa fuEu izko/kku fn;k x;k gS%& “1. Power to order any point to be proved by affidavit- Any Court may at any time for sufficient reason order that any particular fact or facts may be proved by affidavit, or that the affidavit of any witness may be read at the hearing, on such conditions as the Court thinks reasonable : Provided that where it appears to the Court that either party bona fide desires the production of a witness for cross-examination, and that such witness can be produced, an order shall not be made authorizing the evidence of such witness to be given by affidavit.” 13- ftlds vuqlkj 'kiFk&i= is'k djus ds fy, U;k;ky; vkns'k fdlh Hkh le; ns ldrk gSA 14- blh izdkj lkekU; fu;e ¼nhokuh½ ds fu;e 23 esa ;g izko/kku fn;k x;k gS fd & “Person presenting application- Every application or petition shall at the time of presentation bear the name and also full signature or thumb mark of the person actually presenting the same together with the date of presentation.” rFkk fu;e 43 esa ;g izko/kku fn;k x;k gS fd& “Affidavit to accompany an application for production of public record.- When a party requires the production of a public record, the application shall, unless the Court otherwise directs, be accompanied by an affidavit showing how the party requiring the record has satisfied himself that it is material to the suit and why a certified copy of the document cannot be produced or will not serve the purpose.” 15. mDr rhuksa izko/kkuksa ds voyksdu ls ;g izdV gksrk gS fd vkns'k 19 fu;e 1 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds izko/kku ds rgr ;fn U;k;ky; fdlh rF; ls larq”V ugha gks rks U;k;ky; }kjk lacf/kr i{kdkj dks 'kiFk i= is'k djus ds fy, vknsf'kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA blh izdkj lkekU; fu;e ¼nhokuh½ ds fu;e 23 esa vkosnu ds lkFk 'kiFk i= is'k djus ds fy, dksbZ izko/kku ugha gS rFkk fu;e 43 ds vuqlkj flQZ yksd vfHkys[k is'k djus ds fy, vkosnu is'k fd;k tkrk gS rks mlds lkFk gh 'kiFk i= is'k djus dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gSA tc /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e ds vkosnu esa vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k us Li”V :i ls fy[kk gS fd mls e`r i{kdkj dSyk'k dh e`R;q dh tkudkjh ugha Fkh vkSj mls bldh tkudkjh fiNyh rkjh[k is'kh fnukad 01-05-2015 dks izfroknhx.k }kjk izkFkZuki= is'k djus ij gqbZ Fkh] bl rF; ls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; larq”V ugh Fkk rks og vkns'k 19 fu;e 1 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds izko/kku ds rgr oknhx.k dks 'kiFk i= is'k djus ds fy, funsZf'kr dj ldrk Fkk ijUrq ,slk dksbZ funsZ'k mDr izko/kku ds rgr 'kfDRk;ksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ugha fn;k x;k gSA ;g vko’;d ugha gS fd ,d i{kdkj us 'kiFk i= izLrqr dj fn;k gS vkSj nwljs i{kdkj us 'kiFk i= dk [k.Mu 'kiFk i= ds }kjk ugh fd;k gS rks ges'kk ;g eku fy;k tkos fd tks rF; 'kiFk i= es gS os lgh gSA gLrxr izdj.k esa tc izfroknhx.k us vkns'k 22 fu;e 10 , flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds vkKkRed izko/kku dh ikyuk ugh dh gS vkSj izfroknh la[;k 3 dh vksj ls muds vf/koDrk cjkcj mifLFkfr ns jgs gS rks ml ifjfLFkfr esa izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 }kjk izLrqr vkosnu i= fnukad 01-05-2015 o 'kiFk i= ij fopkj fd;k tkos rks ;g izdV gksrk gS fd ,d rjQ rks izfroknh la[;k 3 dh e`R;q ds i'pkr mlds vf/koDrk fopkj.k U;k;ky; esa mifLFkr gks jgs gS vkSj nwljh rjQ os vkosnu esa oknhx.k dks izfroknh la[;k 3 dh e`R;q dh tkudkjh e`R;q dh frfFk 04-11-2013 ls gksuk crk jgs gS] tks muds Loa; ds 'kiFk i= ls 'kiFk i= dh lR;rk dks izHkkfor djrk gSA 16- izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 us gekjs le{k Hkwous'ojh csok o vU; cuke LVsV vkQ mM+hlk ¼mijksDr m}r½ izLrqr fd;k] ftles ekuuh; mM+hlk mPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& “Mere allegation that the opposite parties did not come to know of the death of the deceased respondent prior to the intimation of death furnished by the other side cannot constitute a sufficient cause for the setting aside of abatement. They have to prove further that they were diligent and vigilant regarding the lis by establishing facts which prevented them from knowing about death earlier.” blh U;kf;d n`”VkaRk es vkxs fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd %& “Where he allows the period of limitation to expire, he has to satisfy the court about the existence of circumstances contemplated by Section 5 of the Limitation Act justifying condonation of delay. The reason is that a valuable right accrues to the party against whom the suit has abated and the order of abatement should not be set aside as a matter of course. An applicant must, therefore, satisfy the Court that he was prevented by sufficient cause from taking timely steps to continue his suit which had abated on account of the death of a party” 17. An applicant must, therefore, satisfy the Court that he was prevented by sufficient cause from taking timely steps to continue his suit which had abated on account of the death of a party” 17. bl U;kf;d n`”Vkar dk fu.kZ; fnukad 04-12-1978 dks fd;k x;k gS tcfd vkns'k 22 fu;e 10, flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dk la'kks/ku 01-02-1977 gqvk gSA bl U;kf;d n`”Vkar ls lacf/kr izdj.k esa izR;FkhZ dh e`R;q fnukad 24-12-1976 dks gks pqdh Fkh vkSj mldh lwpuk mlds vf/koDrk }kjk fnukad 25-08-1977 dks U;k;ky; esa nh xbZ Fkh] fQj Hkh mlds dk;e eqdke dks vfHkys[k ij ykus ds laca/k esa dksbZ dk;Zokgh ugha dh xbZ] ftl ij U;k;ky; us foyEc dks lgh ekuk gS ijUrq gLrxr izdj.k esa tSlk fd Åij foosfpr fd;k tk pqdk gS fd izfroknh la[;k 1 ugha gSA vr% ;g U;kf;d n`”Vkar izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 dks dksbZ enn ugha djrk gSA 18- dsnkj xqtZj cuke jkeukFk o vU; ¼mijksDr m)r½ izdj.k esa izfroknh dh e`R;q fnukad 13-08-2007 dks gks xbZ Fkh vkSj oknh us fnukad 06-12-2007 dks izfroknhx.k ls feydj izfroknh ds dk;e eqdke dk fooj.k is'k djus ds fy, vkosnu is'k fd;k Fkk] mlds ckn fnukad 16-04-2009 dks oknh us vkns'k 22 fu;e 4 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dk vkosnu is'k fd;k gS vkSj mlesa ;g ntZ fd;k fd e`Rkd izfroknh ds fof/kd izfrfuf/k dk fooj.k vHkh vHkh izkIr gqvk gS tcfd ukekUrj.k dk vkns'k rglhynkj }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;k gS ftl ij bl U;k;ky; dh led{k ihB us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd tc vihykFkhZ dks 06-08-2008 dks ;g Kku Fkk fd fdl fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa dks izfrLFkkfir fd;k tkuk gS fdUrq fnukad 16-04-2009 dks vkosnu is'k fd;k gS] mls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; us [kkfjt fd;k gS] ftlesa dksbZ fookn ugha gS ijarq gLrxr izdj.k esa bl izdkj dk dksbZ vkosnu vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gS] blfy, bl izdj.k ds rF; izfroknh la[;k 1 dks dksbZ enn ugh djrs gSA 19- cyoar flag ¼e`rd½ cuke txnh'k flag o vU;¼U;kf;d n`”Vkar½ esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd %& “whenever a law is enacted by the legislature, it is intended to be enforced in its proper perspective. It is an equally settled principle of law that the provisions of a statute, including every word, have to be given full effect, keeping the legislative intent in mind, in order to ensure that the projected object is achieved. It is an equally settled principle of law that the provisions of a statute, including every word, have to be given full effect, keeping the legislative intent in mind, in order to ensure that the projected object is achieved. In other words, no provisions can be treated to have been enacted purposelessly. Furthermore, it is also a well settled canon of interpretative jurisprudence tha t the Court should not give such an interpretation to provisions which would render the provision ineffective or odious. Once the legislature has enacted the provisions of Order 22, with particular reference to Rule 9, and the provisions of the Limitation Act are applied to the entertainment of such an application, all these provisions have to be given their true and correct meaning and must be applied wherever called for. If we accept the contention of the Learned Counsel appearing for the applicant that the Court should take a very liberal approach and interpret these provisions (Order 22 Rule 9 of the CPC and Section 5 of the Limitation Act) in such a manner and so liberally, irrespective of the period of delay, it would amount to practically rendering all these provisions redundant and inoperative. Such approach or interpretation would hardly be permissible in law.” blh U;kf;d n`”Vkar esa vkxs vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd %& “Liberal construction of the expression 'sufficient cause' is intended to advance substantial justice which itself presupposes no negligence or inaction on the part of the applicant, to whom want of bona fide is imputable. The expression 'sufficient cause' implies the presence of legal and adequate reasons. The word 'sufficient' means adequate enough, as much as may be necessary to answer the purpose intended. It embraces no more than that which provides a plenitude which, when done, suffices to accomplish the purpose intended in the light of existing circumstances and when viewed from the reasonable standard of practical and cautious men.The sufficient cause should be such as it would persuade the Court, in exercise of its judicial discretion, to treat the delay as an excusable one. The party should show that besides acting bona fide, it had taken all possible steps within its power and control and had approached the Court without any unnecessary delay. The party should show that besides acting bona fide, it had taken all possible steps within its power and control and had approached the Court without any unnecessary delay. The test is whether or not a cause is sufficient to see whether it could have been avoided by the party by the exercise of due care and attention.” blh U;kf;d n`”Vkar esa vkxs vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd %& “Even if the term 'sufficient cause' has to receive liberal construction, it must squarely fall within the concept of reasonable time and proper conduct of the concerned party. The purpose of introducing liberal construction normally is to introduce the concept of 'reasonableness' as it is understood in its general connotation. The law of limitation is a substantive law and has definite consequences on the right and obligation of a party to arise. These principles should be adhered to and applied appropriately depending on the facts and circumstances of a given case. Once a valuable right, as accrued in favour of one party as a result of the failure of the other party to explain the delay by showing sufficient cause and its own conduct, it will be unreasonable to take away that right on the mere asking of the applicant, particularly when the delay is directly a result of negligence, default or inaction of that party. Justice must be done to both parties equally. Then alone the ends of justice can be achieved. If a party has been thoroughly negligent in implementing its rights and remedies, it will be equally unfair to deprive the other party of a valuable right that has accrued to it in law as a result of his acting vigilantly. The explanation has to be reasonable or plausible, so as to persuade the Court to believe that the explanation rendered is not only true, but is worthy of exercising judicial discretion in favour of the applicant. If it does not specify any of the enunciated ingredients of judicial pronouncements, then the application should be dismissed. On the other hand, if the application is bona fide and based upon true and plausible explanations, as well as reflect normal behaviour of a common prudent person on the part of the applicant, the Court would normally tilt the judicial discretion in favour of such an applicant. Liberal construction cannot be equated with doing injustice to the other party. On the other hand, if the application is bona fide and based upon true and plausible explanations, as well as reflect normal behaviour of a common prudent person on the part of the applicant, the Court would normally tilt the judicial discretion in favour of such an applicant. Liberal construction cannot be equated with doing injustice to the other party. The delay should be condoned to do substantial justice without resulting in injustice to the other party. This balance has to be kept in mind by the Court while deciding such applications. It is difficult to state any straight-jacket formula which can uniformly be applied to all cases without reference to the peculiar facts and circumstances of a given case. 20. bl U;kf;d n`”Vkar ls lacf/kr izdj.k esa ,d vdsys vihykFkhZ fnukad 28-11-2007 dks e`R;q gks xbZ vkSj mlds fof/kd izfrfuf/k dks fnukad 15-04-2010 dks vkosnu is'k dj vfHkys[k ij ysus dk fuosnu fd;k vkSj foyEc ekQh ds fy, vyx ls vkosnu is'k ugha fd;kA rnuqlkj bl izdj.k ds rF; Hkh gLrxr izdj.k ls fHkUu gksus ds dkj.k izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 dks dksbZ enn ugh djrs gSA 21- yadk osdsVlojyw e`rd tfj;sa fof/kd izfrfuf/k cuke LVsV vkQ vkU/zk izns'k o vU; ¼mijksDr m)r½ ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd “The law of limitation is a substantive law and has definite consequences on the right and obligation of party to arise. These principles should be adhered to and applied appropriately depending on the facts and circumstances of a given case. Once a valuable right has accrued in favour of one party as a result of the failure of the other party to explain the delay by showing sufficient 1 cause and its own conduct, it will be unreasonable to take away that right on the mere asking of the applicant, particularly when the delay is directly a result of negligence, default or inaction of that party. Justice must be done to both parties equally. The n alone the ends of justice can be achieved. If a party has been thoroughly negligent in implementing its rights and remedies, it will be equally unfair to deprive the other party of a valuable right that has accrued to it in law as a result of his acting vigilantly. Justice must be done to both parties equally. The n alone the ends of justice can be achieved. If a party has been thoroughly negligent in implementing its rights and remedies, it will be equally unfair to deprive the other party of a valuable right that has accrued to it in law as a result of his acting vigilantly. blh U;kf;d n`”Vkar esa vkxs vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd %& “The concepts such as “liberal approach”, “justice oriented approach”, “substantial justice” can not be employed to jettison the substantial law of limitation. Especially, in cases where the Court concludes that there is no justification for the delay. In our opinion, the approach 2 adopted by the High Court tends to show the absence of judicial balance and restraint, which a Judge is required to maintain whilst adjudicating any lis between the parties. We are rather pained to notice that in this case, not being satisfied with the use of mere intemperate language, the High Court resorted to blatant sarcasms.” 22. ftlesa dksbZ fookn ugha gS ijarq gLrxr izdj.k tSlk fd Åij foosfpr fd;k tk pqdk gS fd izfroknh la[;k 3 dh vksj ls mldh e`R;q ds i'pkr mlds vf/koDrk cjkcj mifLFkr gksrs jgs gS rFkk mUgksusa Loa; us vkns'k 22 fu;e 10 , flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds izko/kku dh ikyuk ugha dh gS rFkk /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e ds vkosnu esa vihykFkhZx.k us Li”V :i ls izfroknh la[;k 3 dh e`R;q dh tkudkjh ugha gksus dk mYys[k fd;k gS vkSj mlds leFkZu esa vkns'k 19 fu;e 1 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk ds izko/kku ds rgr fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk oknhx.k ls fdlh izdkj ds 'kiFk i= dh ekax ugha dh xbZ gSA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa vfHkys[k ij ,slk dksbZ rF; izdV ugha gksrk gS ftlls ;g izdV gks fd iwoZ ls gh izfroknh la[;k 3 dh e`R;q dh tkudkjh oknhx.k dks jgh gksA ek= izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 ds 'kiFk i= ds vk/kkj ij ;g fu”d”kZ ugha fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd mUgs izfroknh la[;k 3 dh e`R;q dh tkudkjh mldh e`R;q dh frfFk dks gh gks xbZ FkhA 23- blds foijhr oknhx.k&vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`”Vkar feBkbZyky nky lkaxj flag cuke vUukckbZ nsojke fduh ¼mijksDr m)r½ esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkfjr fd;k gS fd& “8. In as much as the abatement results in denial of hearing on the merits of the case, the provision of abatement has to be construed strictly. On the other hand, the prayer for setting aside an abatement and the dismissal consequent upon an abatement, have to be considered liberally, A simple payer for bringing the legal representatives on record without specifically praying for setting aside of an abatement may in substance be construed as a prayer for setting aside abatement.So also a prayer for setting aside abatement as regard one of the plaintiffs can be construed as a prayer for setting aside the abatement of the suit in its entirety. Abatement of suit for failure to move an application for bringing the legal representatives on record within the prescribed period of limitation is automatic and a specific order dismissing the suit as abated is not called for. Once the suit has abated as a matter of law, though there may not have been passed on record a specific order dismissing the suit as abated, yet the legal representatives proposing to be brought on record or any other applicant proposing to bring the legal representatives of the deceased party on record would seek the setting aside of an abateme nt. A prayer for bringing the legal representatives on record, if allowed , would have the effect of setting aside the abatement as the relief of setting aside abatement though not asked for in so many words is in effect being actually asked for and is necessarily implied. Too technical or pedantic an approach in such cases is not called for. 9. The courts have to adopt a justice oriented approach dictated by the upper most consideration that ordinarily a litigant ought not to be denied an opportunity of having a lis determined on merits unless he has, by gross negligence, deliberate inaction or something akin to misconduct, disentitled himself from seeking the indulgence of the court. The opinion of the trial Judge allowing a prayer for setting aside abatement and his finding on the question of availability of 'sufficient cause' within the meaning of Sub-rule (1) of Rule (9) of Order 22 and of Section 5 of the Indian Limitation Act 1963 deserves to be given we ight, and once arrived at would not normally be interfered with by superior jurisdiction.” 24. mDr U;kf;d n`”Vkar ls Li”V gS fd tc vkns'k 22 fu;e 4 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dk vkosnu is'k dj fn;k x;k gS vkSj foyEc ekQh dk vkosnu is'k dj fn;k x;k gS rFkk vkns'k 22 fu;e 9 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dk vkosnu is'k ugha fd;k x;k gS rks U;k;ky; dks mnkjrk fn[kkuh pkfg, ,oa rduhdh vk/kkj ij vkosnu vLohdkj ugha djuk pkfg,A gLrxr izdj.k esa Hkh v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k ;g lgh gS fd vkns'k 22 fu;e 9 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dk vkosnu is'k uagh fd;k x;k gS ijUrq tc /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e dk vkosnu izLrqr dj fn;k x;k gS rks U;k;ky; dks vkns'k 22 fu;e 9 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dk vkosnu ekurs gq, mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vcsVesaV dks vikLr (Set aside) djuk pkfg, Fkk ,oa vkosnu ds fuLrkj.k esa mnkjRkk fn[kkuh pkfg, FkhA 25- uxhuk flag o vU; cuke ukxkflag o vU; ¼mijksDr m)r½ izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS %& “10. Though there is a serious dispute as to the dates of death of respondents No. 1(d) and 1(e), we are of the considered view that in the facts and circumstances of this case, the application for substitution of legal representatives of the aforesaid appellants should not have been rejected, having regard to the fact that all the contesting parties were on record and these appellants were brought on record only as legal representatives of appellant No. 1 who had died during the pendency of the appeal. Having regard to the facts of the case and the interest of justice, the High Court ought to have condoned the delay, if any, in filing of the application for substitution and could have compensated the respondents by award of cost. This we consider appropriate, having regard to the interest of justice. The parties have litigated since the year 1974 and it is only fair that there should be adjudication on merit” 26- mDr U;kf;d n`”Vkar esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd fof/kd izfrfuf/k;ksa dks vfHkys[k ij ysus ds laca/k esa U;k;ky; dks mnkjrk fn[kkuh pkfg, vkSj foyEc dks ekQ djuk pkfg, vkSj izdj.k dks xq.kkoxq.k ij fUkLrkfjr djuk pkfg,A 27- Hkxoku Lo:i o vU; cuke ewypUn o vU; ¼mijksDr m)r½ izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd%& “12. It is no doubt true that a Code of Procedure 'is designed to facilitate justice and further its ends and it is not a penal enactment for punishment and penalty and not a thing designed to trip people up'. Procedural laws are no doubt devised and enacted for the purposes of advancing justice. Procedural laws, however, are also laws and are enacted to be obeyed and implemented. The laws of procedure by themselves do not create any impediment or obstruction in the matter of doing justice to the parties. On the other hand, the main purpose and object of enacting procedural laws is to see that justice is done to the parties. In the absence of procedural laws regulating procedure as to dealing with any dispute between the parties, the cause of justice suffers and justice will be in a state of 'confusion and quandary. Difficulties arise when parties are at default in complying with the laws of procedure. As procedure is aptly described to be the hand-maid of justice, the Court may in appropriate cases ignore or excuse a mere irregularity in the observance of the procedural law in the larger interest of justice. It is, however, always to be borne in mind that procedural laws' are as valid as any other law and are enacted to be observed and have not been enacted merely to be brushed aside by the Court Justice means justice to the parties in any particular case and justice according to law. If procedural laws are properly observed, as they should be observed, no problem arises for the Court for considering whether any lapse in the observance of the procedural law needs to be excused or overlooked. As I have already observed depending on the facts and circumstances of a particular case in the larger interests of administration of justice the Court may and the Court in fact does, excuse or overlook a mere irregularity or a trivial breach in the observance of any procedural law for doing real and substantial justice to the parties an d the Court passes proper orders which will serve the interests of justice best. 14. Civil Procedure Code requires that in the event of death of a particular party, heirs and legal representatives of the deceased have to be brought on record within a particular period, provided the cause of action survives. 14. Civil Procedure Code requires that in the event of death of a particular party, heirs and legal representatives of the deceased have to be brought on record within a particular period, provided the cause of action survives. If the legal representatives are not brought on record within the stipulated period, certain consequences follow and the action abates either wholly or partially depending on the facts and circumstances of a particular case. The Code further provides that an application may be made for setting aside the abatement within a stipulated period. It is now well settled that an abatement can be set aside at any time even beyond the period prescribed for making an application for setting aside the abatement, if sufficient cause is shown explaining the delay in the making of the application. If, irrespective of the provisions of the Code and the merits of the case, abatements are to be set aside as a matter of course merely on the ground that abatement is only a consequence of non-compliance of law of procedure and substantial justice is denied to the parties, the result may really amount to a denial of justice and in an indefinite prolongation of a litigation 15. The provision fixing a particular time for making an application for bringing legal representatives on record with the consequence of the suit or appeal abating if no application is made within time, have been enacted for expeditious disposal of cases in the interest of proper administration of justice. It is further to be borne in mind that when a suit or an appeal abates, is very valuable right accrues to the other party and such a right is not to be ignored or interfered with lightly in the name of doing substantial justice to the party, as depriving a party of a lawful right created in the interest of administration of justice in the absence of good grounds results in injustice to the party concerned. For doing justice to the parties, the Courts have consistently held that whenever sufficient cause is shown by a party at default in making an application for substitution, abatement will have to be set aside as the good cause shown for explaining the delay in making the application is sufficient justification, to deprive the other party of the right that may accrue to the other party as a result of the abatement of the suit or appeal. The Courts have also consistently ruled that laches or negligence furnish no proper grounds for setting aside the abatement. In such cases, a party guilty of negligence or laches must bear the consequences of his laches and negligence and must suffer. In appropriate cases, taking into consideration all the facts and circumstances of a case, the Court may set aside the abatement, even if there be slight negligence or minor laches in not making an application within the time provided an overall picture of the entire case, requires such course for furthering the cause of justice. When negligence and laches are established on the part of the party who seeks to set aside the abatement, the application of such a party should be entertained only in the rarest of cases for furthering the ends of justice only and on proper terms.” 28. mDr U;kf;d n`”Vkar esa Hkh ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd foyEc ds ekeys esa U;k;ky; dks mnkjrk fn[kkuh pkfg, vkSj i{kdkjksa ds e/; fookn dks xq.kkoxq.k ij fu.khZr djuk pkfg,A 29- ljnkjk vejthr flag dkyjk e`rd tfj;s fof/kd izfrfuf/k cuke izeksn xqIrk e`rd tfj;s fof/kd izfrfuf/k ¼mijksDr m)r½ izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd & “26. Laws of procedure are meant to regulate effectively, assist and aid the object of doing substantial and real justice and not to foreclose even an adjudication on merits of substantial rights to citizen under personal, property and other laws. Procedure has always been viewed as the handmaid of justice and not me ant to hamper the cause of justice or sanctify miscarriage of just ice. Procedure has always been viewed as the handmaid of justice and not me ant to hamper the cause of justice or sanctify miscarriage of just ice. A careful reading of the provisions contained in Order 22 of CPC as well as the subsequent amendments thereto would lend credit and support to the view that they were devised to ensure their continuation and culmination into an effective adjudication and not to retard the further progress of the proceedings and thereby non-suit the others similarly placed as long as their distinct and independent rights to property or any claim remain in fact and not lost forever due to the death of one or the other in the proceedings. The provisions contained in Order 22 are not to be construed as a rigid matter of principle but must ever be viewed as a flexible tool of convenience in the administration of justice. The fact that the Khata was said to be joint is of nor relevance,as long as each one of them had their own independent, distinct and separate shares in the property as found separately indicated in Jamabandhi itself of the shares of each of them distinctly. We are also of the view that the High Court should have, on the very perception it had on the question of abatement, allowed the applications for impleadment even dehors the cause for the delay in filing the applications keeping in view the serious manner it would otherwise jeopardize an effective adjudication on merits, the rights of other remaining appellants for no fault of them. Interest of justice would have been better served had the High Court adopted a positive and constructive approach than merely scuttle the whole process to foreclose an adjudication of the claims of others on merits. The rejection by the High Court of the applications to set aside abatement, condonation and bringing on record the legal representatives does not appear, on the peculiar nature of the case, to be a just or reasonable exercise of the Court's power or in conformity with the avowed object of Court to do real, effective and substantial justice. The rejection by the High Court of the applications to set aside abatement, condonation and bringing on record the legal representatives does not appear, on the peculiar nature of the case, to be a just or reasonable exercise of the Court's power or in conformity with the avowed object of Court to do real, effective and substantial justice. Viewed in the light of the fact that each one of the appellants had an independent and distinct right of his own not interdependant upon the one or the other of the appellants, the dismissal of the appeals by the High Court in their entirety does not constitute a sound, reasonable or just and proper exercise of its powers. Even if it has to be viewed that they had a common interest, then the interests of justice would require the remaining other appellants being allowed to pursue the appeals for the benefit of those others, who are not before the Court also and not stultify the proceedings as a whole and non-suit the others, as well. 31. But, in our view also, as to what those circumstances are to be cannot be exhaustively enumerated and no hard and rule for invariable application can be devised. With the march and progress of law, the new horizons explored and modalities discerned and the fact that the procedural laws must be liberally construed to really serve as handmaid, make it workable and advance the ends of justice, technical objections which tend to be stumbling blocks to defeat and deny substantial and effective justice should be strictly viewed for being discouraged, except where the mandate of law, inevitably necessitates it. Consequently, having regard to the nature of the proceedings under the Act and the purpose of reference proceedings and the appeal therefrom, the Courts should adopt a liberal approach in the matter of condonation of the delay as well as the considerations which should weigh in adjudging nature of the decree, i.e., whether it is joint and inseverable or joint and severable or separable. The fact that the Reference Court has chosen to pass a decree jointly in the matters before us is and should be no ground by itself to construe the decree to be joint and inseparable. The fact that the Reference Court has chosen to pass a decree jointly in the matters before us is and should be no ground by itself to construe the decree to be joint and inseparable. At times, as in the cases on hand, the Court for this convenience might have combined the claims for joint consideration on account of similar nature of the issues in all such cases and for that reason the parties should not be penalized for no fault of them. Actus curiae neminem gravabit (an act of Court shall prejudice no one) is the maxim of law, which comes into play in such situations. Number of people, more for the sake of convenience, may be counseled to join together to ventilate, all their separate but similar nature of claims and this also should not result in the claims of all such others being rejected merely because one or the other of such claims by one or more of the parties abated on account of death and consequent omission to bring on record the legal heirs of the deceased party. At times one or the other parties on either side in a litigation involving several claims or more than one, pertaining to their individual rights may settle amongthemselves the dispute to the extent of their share or proportion of rights are concerned and may drop out of contest, bringing even the proceedings to a conclusion so far as they are concerned. If all such move is allowed to boomerang adversely on the rights of the remaining parties even to contest and have their claims adjudicated on merits, it would be a travesty of administration of justice itself.” 30- mDrkuqlkj mDr U;kf;d n`”Vkar es Hkh ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd foyEc ds ekeys esa U;k;ky; dks mnkjrk fn[kkuh pkfg,A gLrxr izdj.k esa tSlk fd Åij foosfpr fd;k tk pqdk gS fd izfroknh la[;k 3 dh e`R;q dh lwpuk nsuk izfroknh la[;k 3 ds vf/koDrk dk nkf;Ro Fkk ijUrq mUgksaus ,slk ugah fd;k cfYd izfroknh la[;k 3 dh e`R;q gks tkus ds ckn Hkh nks o”kZ rd cjkcj U;k;ky; ds le{k muds vf/koDrk ds :i esa mifLFkr gksrs jgs vkSj fnukad 01-05-2015 dks izFke ckj izfroknh la[;k 3 dh e`R;q dh lwpuk izLrqr dhA 31- fnukad 28-05-2015 dks gh vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k us izfroknh la[;k 3 ds dk;e eqdke dks vfHkys[k ij ysus ds fy, vkosnu izLrqr dj fn;k] ftlesa of.kZr fd;k x;k fd & ^^izkFkhZ vius ikfjokfjd dk;Z esa O;Lr Fkk o mldh ekrkth eqUuh nsoh dh rch;r Bhd ugh Fkh blfy, e`r i{kdkj dSyk'k dh tkudkjh ugha Fkh] fiNyh rkjh[k is'kh fnukad 01-05-2015 ij izfroknhx.k }kjk izkFkZuk i= is'k gksus ij tkudkjh gqbZ] fQj Hkh ;fn nsjh ekuh tkrh gS rks nsjh {kek gsrq izkFkZuk i= izLrqr gSA^^ 32- vr% v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dks mnkjrkiwoZd /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e ds izkFkZuk i= dks Lohdkj dj foyEc dks ekQ djuk pkfg, Fkk ijUrq ,slk ugh dj rduhdh vk/kkj ij vkosnu dks vLohdkj dj izfroknh la[;k 3 ds laca/k esa okn dks vcsV djus esa =qfV dh gSA rnuqlkj vkyksP; vkns'k fLFkj jgus ;ksX; ugh gSA 33- bl vihy ds nkSjku tgka rd izR;FkhZ la[;k 2 dh e`R;q gksus ij mlds dk;e eqdke dks vfHkys[k ij ysus dk iz’u gS pwafd ;g flfoy fofo/k vihy vkyksP; vkns'k ds fo:) izLrqr dh xbZ gS vkSj ewy okn dh vkQ'kwV gS vkyksP; vkns'k izfroknh la[;k 1 ds vkosnu ij gh izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA izfroknh la[;k 2 dh vksj ls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa dksbZ vkosnu izLrqr ugha fd;k x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa izfroknh la[;k 2 ds lac/ka esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k dksbZ dk;Zokgh dh tkrh gS rks mlds fy, Lora= gS ijUrq bl vk/kkj ij bl vihy dks vcsV dj vLohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA vr% bl laca/k esa izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 ds fo}ku vf/koDrk ds rdZ esa dksbZ lkj ugha gSA 34- ifj.kker% ;g flfoy fofo/k vihy Lohdkj dh tkrh gS rFkk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vk{ksfir vkns'k dks vikLr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk vihykFkhZx.k&oknhx.k }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk i= vUrZxr vkns'k 22 fu;e 4 o /kkjk 5 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] dks vkns'k 22 fu;e 9 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dk ekurs gq, Lohdkj dj vkosnu is'k djus esa gq, foyEc dks {kek fd;k tkrk gS rFkk vcsVesaV vikLr (set aside) dj izfroknh la[;k 3 ds dk;e eqdke dks vfHkys[k ij ysus dk vkns'k fn;k tkrk gSA