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2019 DIGILAW 363 (GAU)

Lakhyajyoti Baruah v. Oil India Limited

2019-03-19

KALYAN RAI SURANA

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JUDGMENT : KALYAN RAI SURANA, J. 1. Heard Mr. D. Choudhury, the learned advocate for the petitioners. Also heard Mr. S.N. Sarma, the learned senior advocate, assisted by Mr. K. Kalita, learned advocate for the respondents No. 1 to 5 (i.e. Oil India Ltd.), and Mr. T.J. Mahanta, the learned senior advocate, assisted by Mr. T. Deuri, learned advocate appearing for the respondents No. 7 to 9, 11 to 14, 16 to 18 and 22 to 27. None appears on call for the remaining respondents No. 10, 15 and 19 to 21. 2. In this writ petition filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the case projected by the petitioners is that they had offered their candidature for the post of unskilled workers for the vacancies under the Doomdooma Employment Exchange and they are aggrieved by their non- selection. 3. The learned advocate for the petitioners has submitted that by letter dated 06.10.2010 issued by the respondent No. 1 through its Manager (Employee Relations), the Assistant Employment Officer, Doomdooma Employment Exchange, Dist. Tinsukia was informed of the recruitment drive of the respondent No. 1. It is submitted that as per paragraph 10(a) of enclosure thereto, being the Form of notification of vacancies, it was provided that only those candidates, who provisionally fulfill the criteria mentioned in the notification as on 01.10.2010 shall be called for Screening (written) test and that those who obtain 50% marks in screening (written) test will qualify for interview/viva voce. By referring to the call letter for viva voce as served on the petitioners, it is submitted that no change in the selection criteria was disclosed therein. It is submitted that the viva voce test had been conducted. However, after much delay and without disclosing any reasons therefor, the result of such test was declared by the respondents No. 1 to 5 vide letter dated 28.02.2014, issued by the Resident Chief Executive of the respondent No. 1 to the Assistant Employment Officer, Doomdooma Employment Exchange in respect of the notified 22 vacancies allotted for the said Employment Exchange by enclosing thereto the list of provisionally selected candidates in order of merit. It is submitted that from the said provisional select list, the petitioners became aware for the first time that for the written (screening) test, the qualifying minimum marks was reduced to 30% from 50% as notified earlier. It is submitted that from the said provisional select list, the petitioners became aware for the first time that for the written (screening) test, the qualifying minimum marks was reduced to 30% from 50% as notified earlier. It is submitted that the lowering of qualifying marks in the written (screening) test has been admitted by the respondents No. 1 to 5 in their affidavit- in- opposition (hereinafter referred to as 'A/o' for short). Accordingly, it is submitted that (i) the rules of the selection was altered after the selection process was over, which in other words is stated as "changing the Rules of game after the game is over", and (i) that by reducing the qualifying marks, more weightage was given to the marks obtained in viva voce test, which is not sustainable in view of the law in that regard, as settled by the Supreme Court of India in various judgments and in this regard, the learned counsel for the petitioners has placed reliance on the following cases, viz., (i) K. Manjusree Vs. State of A.P. & Anr., (2008) 3 SCC 512 , (ii) Tej Prakash Pathak Vs. State of Rajasthan, (2013) 4 SCC 540 , (ii) Satpal Vs. State of Haryana, (1995) Suppl (1) SCC 206, (iv) Munindra Kumar & Ors. Vs. Rajiv Govil & Ors., (1991) 3 SCC 368 , (v) Mohinder Sain Garg Vs. State of Punjab & Ors., (1991) 1 SCC 662 (vi) Ashok Kumar Yadav & Ors. Vs. State of Haryana & Ors., AIR 1987 SC 454 : (1985) 4 SCC 417 , and (vii) Ajay Hasia Vs. Khalid Mujib Sehravardi & Ors., AIR 1981 SC 487 : (1981) 1 SCC 722 . 4. State of Punjab & Ors., (1991) 1 SCC 662 (vi) Ashok Kumar Yadav & Ors. Vs. State of Haryana & Ors., AIR 1987 SC 454 : (1985) 4 SCC 417 , and (vii) Ajay Hasia Vs. Khalid Mujib Sehravardi & Ors., AIR 1981 SC 487 : (1981) 1 SCC 722 . 4. It is submitted that the respondents are taking a defence to the effect that as the petitioners had participated in the selection process and have been unsuccessful, as such, the present writ petition was not maintainable and in this context it is submitted that the Full Bench of the Supreme Court of India having settled the law that selection only on the basis of sole criteria of marks obtained in viva voce, without considering the marks secured in written test and that the higher marks allotted to viva voce test compared to lower marks in written test were both bad in law, there cannot be estoppel against the right flowing to the petitioners under the said well settled principles of law. It is also submitted that instead of producing the records of marks obtained by the successful candidates in written test and viva voce, the respondents No. 1 to 5 have disclosed unnecessary details of marks obtained by other unsuccessful candidates, as such, it is urged that for non production of the relevant records, adverse presumption be drawn against the respondents. Accordingly, it is submitted that the petitioners are entitled to the relief of (1) setting aside and quashing the entire selection process for filling up the post of unskilled workmen (local men category) initiated vide employment notification dated 06.10.2010, so far as relates to the selection through Doomdooma Employment Exchange, (2) quashing of communication dated 28.02.2014 along with select list annexed thereto, (3) quashing of acts subsequent to give effect to the selection process vide communication dated 28.02.2014, (4) to direct the respondents No. 1 to 5 to re-draw a fresh select list considering 50% minimum marks for written test as provided in employment notification dated 06.10.2010, as prayed for in the writ petition. 5. Per contra, the learned senior advocate for the respondents No. 1 to 5 has submitted that the petitioners had participated in the selection process, with full knowledge that selection was to be held on the basis of marks obtained in viva voce. 5. Per contra, the learned senior advocate for the respondents No. 1 to 5 has submitted that the petitioners had participated in the selection process, with full knowledge that selection was to be held on the basis of marks obtained in viva voce. It is stated that in order to give full publicity of the selection process, advertisements were inserted on 18.03.2012 in three widely circulated dailies, viz., The Assam Tribune (Dibrugarh), The Sentinel (Dibrugarh), and The Dainik Janmabhoomi (Tinsukia) for candidates to appear in the written (screening) test, wherein all the candidates were informed to contact their respective employment exchanges to issue call letters and obtain copy of guidelines. By referring to guidelines as contained in paragraph 10(a) of the employment notice dated 06.10.2010 (Annexure-1 to writ petition), it is submitted that it had been clearly mentioned therein that only those persons who would acquire 50% marks in the written (screening) test would be called for viva voce, further clearly indicating therein that the "... Final selection will be based in order of merit on the basis of marks obtained in interview/viva voce." It is submitted that the lowering of qualifying marks was necessitated because of widespread protests, blockade and gherao programme taken up by various indigenous organizations of local people as well Students Union on the ground that to pass matriculation examination, 30% marks were required as such, when the educational requirement was only matriculate, as such, the respondents No. 1 to 5 had been compelled to take a conscious decision to lower the qualifying marks from 50% to 30%. It is submitted that the said averment made in their A/o had been accepted by the petitioners by not specifically denying such turn of events. It is also submitted that the only because of lowering of the qualifying marks, the petitioner No. 1, who had secured 33.75% marks in the written (screening) test, as such, he was a beneficiary of lowering of marks, otherwise he would not have qualified for being called in the viva voce test, hence, the present challenge by a beneficiary of such a decision was not maintainable. It is submitted that in a similar challenge arising out of the same selection process, this Court by order dated 14.05.2013 passed in W.P.(C) No. 3367/2012 - Manabjyoti Saikia Vs. It is submitted that in a similar challenge arising out of the same selection process, this Court by order dated 14.05.2013 passed in W.P.(C) No. 3367/2012 - Manabjyoti Saikia Vs. The Oil India Ltd. & Anr., had held that the decision to lower the qualifying marks in the written test from 50 to 30 did not cause any prejudice to the petitioners or to any candidate, further holding that it was to the benefit of the vast majority of the candidates, as such, by holding that the same does not amount to changing the rules of the game as contended by the petitioner, the said writ petition was dismissed. In order to canvass the point that the marks obtained in viva voce could be a valid mode of selection, the learned senior advocate for the respondents No. 1 to 5 has relied on the case of (i) Anzar Ahmed Vs. State of Bihar, (1994) 1 SCC 150 , and (2) Bilu Bhattyacharjee, (2017) 5 GLR 175: 2016 (4) GLT 898: 2016 (6) GLJ 62. In support of his submissions, that the unsuccessful candidate who had participated in the selection process cannot challenge the selection process, the learned senior advocate for the respondents No. 1 to 5 has placed reliance on the following cases, viz., (i) D. Sarojkumari Vs. R. Helen Thilakom & Ors., (2017) 9 SCC 476, and (ii) Gurmeet Pal Singh Vs. State of Punjab, (2018) 7 SCC 260 . 6. The learned senior advocate appearing for the private respondents No. 7 to 9, 11 to 14, 16 to 18 and 22 to 27 has submitted that the present writ petition was structured on an incorrect assumption of the petitioners. By referring to the statements made in paragraph 15 of the writ petition, it is submitted that respondents No. 13 and 23 are indeed residents of Majuli, but this is Majuli Village in the District of Tinsukia and not Majuli, the largest river island, now in Majuli District. By referring to the statements made in paragraph 15 of the writ petition, it is submitted that respondents No. 13 and 23 are indeed residents of Majuli, but this is Majuli Village in the District of Tinsukia and not Majuli, the largest river island, now in Majuli District. Moreover, it is submitted that in the call letter dated 21.02.2013 issued to the petitioner No. 1 and call letter dated 23.02.2013 issued to the petitioner No. 2 for appearing in viva voce test, it has been clearly disclosed in paragraph 5.0 thereof that "The provisional selection against the notified vacancies will be made in order of merit of the candidates who secure minimum 50% (fifty percent) and above marks in the interview/viva-voce." The interview was slated on 20.03.2013 and 25.03.2013 respectively and the result were declared on 28.02.2014, but the petitioner took a chance to appear in the viva-voce test and took further chance to see their result and then conveniently filed this writ petition, which was not maintainable and in this regard, he has placed reliance on the case of (1) Karnati Ravi & Anr. Vs. Commissioner Survey Settlements and Land Records & Ors., (2018) 12 SCC 635 , and (2) HC Pradeep Kumar Rai and Ors. Vs. Dinesh Kumar Pandey & Ors. (2015) 11 SCC 493 . 7. In reply, the learned advocate for the petitioner has submitted that the cases cited by the learned senior advocate for the respondents No. 1 to 5 were not applicable under the facts of this case as the ratio laid down therein were contrary to the decision on the same point by a larger Bench of the Supreme Court of India. 8. Following points of determination emerge for decision in this case:- a. Whether the lowering of qualifying marks in written (screening) test from 50% to 30% had caused any prejudice to the petitioners? b. Whether the selection process challenged in this case is vitiated by selecting persons for employment as "unski led workmen" solely on the basis of marks obtained in viva voce? c. Whether the present challenge by the petitioners is maintainable? 9. The points of determination No. (a) and (b) are taken up jointly. b. Whether the selection process challenged in this case is vitiated by selecting persons for employment as "unski led workmen" solely on the basis of marks obtained in viva voce? c. Whether the present challenge by the petitioners is maintainable? 9. The points of determination No. (a) and (b) are taken up jointly. a. It would be pertinent to mention herein that the present recruitment process of unskilled workmen Grade-I (Tradesman-I/Attendant-I) from amongst (i) "land affected men whose land were acquired by the respondent No. 1 i.e. Oil India Ltd., prior to June 1990' for whom 12 number of vacancies were reserved, and (ii) 10 vacancies were ear-marked for 'local man" category. The entire recruitment drive was notified through 8 (eight) Employment Exchanges including the notice to the Doomdooma Employment Exchange. In paragraph 7 of the A/o filed by the respondents No. 1 to 5, it has been disclosed that they had decided to recruit 315 numbers of unskilled workmen from districts of Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Sivasagar and Arunachal Pradesh and that as per the recruitment policy of the Company, the apportionment of the posts were as follows, viz., (a) Land affected persons belonging to the operational area of OIL - 40%, (b) Local persons from OIL's operational area- 35%, and (c) Employee's children - 25%. It is further stated that reservation of vacancies for SC/ST/OBC/Ex- Servicemen/Physically Handicapped as per directives of Central Govt. were also provided. b. As already indicated above, it is an admitted position that though the qualifying marks as per the employment notice dated 06.10.2010 was 50%, the same was reduced to 30%. As per the A/o filed by the respondents No. 1 to 5, following widespread protests and objections by local groups, the authorities had taken a conscious decision to reduce the qualifying marks to 30%, which was communicated to the Deputy Director of Employment, Dibrugarh Zone vide a corrigendum letter dated 15.06.2012. From the documents disclosed in the A/o, it appears that representations in this regard were received from (i) All Dibrugarh District Students Union, (ii) Asom Jatiyabadi Yuba-Chatra Parishad, (iii) Sadou Asom Mottock Yuba- Chatra Sanmilon, and (iv) All Assam Sonowal Kachari Students Union. From the documents disclosed in the A/o, it appears that representations in this regard were received from (i) All Dibrugarh District Students Union, (ii) Asom Jatiyabadi Yuba-Chatra Parishad, (iii) Sadou Asom Mottock Yuba- Chatra Sanmilon, and (iv) All Assam Sonowal Kachari Students Union. c. It is seen that the stand of the respondents No. 1 to 5 is that the screening test was done by Dibrugarh University for 11,000 candidates whose names were forwarded by various employment exchanges petitioner No. 1 had obtained 33.75% marks in the written (screening) test. Therefore, it is evident that if the qualifying marks were not reduced to 30%, the petitioner No. 1 would not have received call letter to appear in the viva-voce test. Thus, the petitioners are not found to have suffered any prejudice by lowering of the qualifying marks from 50% to 30% in the written test, which was merely for screening purpose and the marks obtained therein were not considered for final selection, which was done on the basis of marks obtained in viva voce. d. From the contents of the recruitment notice dated 06.10.2010, there remains no doubt that under paragraph 10(a) thereof, it was disclosed therein (i) that only those persons who would obtain 50% marks in the written (screening) test would be called for viva voce, and (i) that the final selection would be based in order of merit on the basis of marks obtained in interview/viva voce. This leaves no room for doubt that the written test was for screening purpose only and marks secured in such screening test was never intended to be added to the marks secured in viva voce test. e. It is seen that the respondents No. 1 to 5 have disclosed in their A/o that in the viva voce test, the petitioners had secured 53.2% and 43.6% respectively, whereas the lowest marks secured by selected candidates in unreserved category was 62.2% and that in OBC category it was 57.2% and that in SC and ST categories, it was 60.6% and 57% respectively. f. In the case of K. Manjusree (supra), it was held, inter-alia, that introduction of the requirement of minimum marks for interview, after the entire selection process (consisting of written examination and interview) was completed, would amount to changing the rules of the game after the game was played, as such, the same was held to be clearly impermissible. f. In the case of K. Manjusree (supra), it was held, inter-alia, that introduction of the requirement of minimum marks for interview, after the entire selection process (consisting of written examination and interview) was completed, would amount to changing the rules of the game after the game was played, as such, the same was held to be clearly impermissible. g. In the case of Satpal (supra), the selection process was set aside because it was observed that about 400-600 candidates were interviewed in a day, which is not alleged by the petitioners in this case. In the case of Munindra Kumar (supra), 120 marks were allotted for written test and 80 marks were allotted for viva voce. In the case of Mohinder Sain Garg (supra), 25% marks allotted for viva voce was held to be excessive. Similarly, in the case of Ashok Kumar Yadav (supra), it was held that henceforth the State Service Commission shall provide for 12.2% marks for viva voce test for general candidates and 25% marks for ex servicemen. In the case of Ajay Hasia (supra), allotment of more than 15% marks for viva was held to be excessive. h. It is seen that in the case of Tej Prakash Pathak (supra), referring to the change of eligibility criteria after commencement of the recruitment process stipulating the requirement of securing the minimum qualifying marks of 75% which was a stipulation in the Rules, it was held that no doubt the salutary principle not to permit the State or its instrumentalities to tinker with the 'rules of the game' insofar as the prescription of eligibility criteria is concerned in order to avoid manipulation of the recruitment process and its results. However, the question whether such a principle should be applied in the context of the 'rules of the game' stipulating the procedure for selection more particularly when the change sought is to impose a more rigorous scrutiny for selection requires an authoritative pronouncement of a larger Bench of the Court. i. On comparing the facts of the above cited cases, it is seen that the facts of the present case is distinguishable because in the present case, prior information had been circulated for all the prospective candidates that the written test would only be for screening purpose and the selection would be made on the basis of marks secured in viva voce test. It is not the case projected in the writ petition that the viva voce test was a mockery or whimsical or tainted with arbitrariness or bad for being conducted in a mala fide manner to give public employment on pick or choose basis. Moreover, in none of the cases cited by the learned advocate for the petitioners it has been held that there cannot be any selection process merely on the basis of viva voce alone, as such, the cases cited by the learned advocate for the petitioners do not support the contention as canvassed before this Court. j. In the case of Anzar Ahmed (supra), the Supreme Court of India, by referring to the herein before cited cases of Ajay Hasia (supra) and Ashok Kumar Yadav (supra) and other cases had found no infirmity in the practice followed for selection for the post of Unani Medical Officer (Gazetted Class II) without holding any written test, but by following State Govt. order vide letter dated 20.09.1990, directing that selection be made on the basis of interview and accordingly, by Public Service Commission, by following the past practice, made selections on the basis of academic performance and interview allocating 50% marks for each. k. Moreover, this Court, in the case of Manabjyoti Saikia (supra), which is directly related to the impugned selection process, but for Moranhat Employment Exchange, had already upheld the challenge to the selection process by holding that the petitioners therein had not suffered any prejudice by lowering of the qualifying marks in written (screening) test. l. Thus, this is not a case where there has been any change in the Rules of the game after the game was over, because in the employment notice dated 06.10.2010, it was mentioned that selection would be done on the basis of marks obtained in viva voce only. It has already been held herein before that the petitioners had not suffered any prejudice with the lowering of qualifying marks in the screening test. The lowering of cut-off or qualifying marks has resulted in giving opportunity to larger section of candidates including the petitioner No. 1, which cannot be held to be contrary to public interest. It has already been held herein before that the petitioners had not suffered any prejudice with the lowering of qualifying marks in the screening test. The lowering of cut-off or qualifying marks has resulted in giving opportunity to larger section of candidates including the petitioner No. 1, which cannot be held to be contrary to public interest. m. Thus, the point of determination No. (a) is decided in the negative and against the petitioners by holding that the lowering of qualifying marks in written (screening) test from 50% to 30% had not caused any prejudice to the petitioners. n. In view of the discussions above, the point of determination No. (b) is decided in the negative and against the petitioners by holding that the selection process challenged in this case is not found to be vitiated by selecting persons for employment as "unskilled workmen" solely on the basis of marks obtained in viva voce. 10. The point of determination No. (c) is taken up now. a. It is seen that the case projected by the respondents No. 1 to 5 is that the entire process was to select 315 persons as unskilled workmen and that the selection was made on the basis of vacancies ear-marked for employment under 8 local Employment Exchanges. The 3 (three) advertisements published for informing the public about the interview had indicated that the guidelines were available with the employment exchange and moreover, the employment notice and the call letters had also indicated that the selection would be made on the basis of marks obtained in viva voce only. b. The petitioners had received their respective call letters dated 21.02.2013 and 23.02.2013, by which the viva voce test was scheduled on 20.03.2013 and 22.03.2013 respectively. Accordingly, the petitioners had participated in the viva voce on the appointed dates without raising any protest on the procedure adopted for selection. The petitioners were also sitting on the fence and thereby took a chance of the results of selection being declared. Only thereafter, finding the results adverse, the petitioners had challenged the selection process. c. Thus, the ratio of the case of Karnati Ravi & Anr. (supra) and HC Pradeep Kumar Rai and Ors. (supra) are found to operate against the petitioners. Only thereafter, finding the results adverse, the petitioners had challenged the selection process. c. Thus, the ratio of the case of Karnati Ravi & Anr. (supra) and HC Pradeep Kumar Rai and Ors. (supra) are found to operate against the petitioners. d. Accordingly, this Court has no hesitation to hold that having participated in the selection process, and having waited for the result to be declared, it was not open to the petitioners to challenge the selection process. e. Accordingly, the point of determination No. (c) is decided in the negative and against the petitioners by holding that the present challenge by the petitioners is not maintainable. 11. Moreover, as stated herein before, the selection process under challenge is a part of selection process of 315 persons in the same recruitment process, but handled 8 (eight) local employment exchange wise. In this connection, it is seen that this Court by judgment and order dated 14.05.2013, in W.P.(C) No. 3367/2013 (Manabjyoti Saikia Vs. The Oil India Ltd. & Anr.), had already dismissed the challenge to the selection process undertaken for Moranhat Employment Exchange, made under similar grounds. Therefore, this Court is of the considered opinion that as one part of the same selection process has been held to be valid, in the absence of any overwhelming evidence in this case which leads to an inference that the selection process including the viva voce test was a farce, mockery or whimsical or tainted with arbitrariness or bad for being conducted in a mala fide manner to give public employment on pick or choose basis, this Court has not been persuaded to interfere with the said selection process. 12. It was urged by the learned advocate for the petitioners that owing to non-production of record of selection, adverse inference ought to be drawn against the respondents No. 1 to 5. In this regard, the learned advocate for the petitioner has not been able to refer to any order by this Court to call for the records of selection and it appears that the prayer to that effect was never pressed into service ever since this writ petition was filed on 06.03.2014, as such, there was no occasion for the respondents No. 1 to 5 to produce their selection records. Therefore, as it could not be demonstrated that the respondents No. 1 to 5 have withheld the selection records despite order passed by this Court for production of records, this Court is of the considered opinion that no adverse inference within the meaning of Section 114 Illustration (g) of the Evidence Act, 1872 can be drawn against the said respondents. The said plea raised by the learned advocate for the petitioners is found not sustainable both on facts and in law. 13. Thus, in any view of the matter, the present challenge fails and resultantly, this writ petition fails and the same is dismissed, leaving the parties to bear their own cost.