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2019 DIGILAW 494 (GAU)

Swapna Bordoloi @ Das v. Md. Yasin Ali

2019-04-22

KALYAN RAI SURANA

body2019
JUDGMENT : 1. Heard Mr. A. Alam, learned counsel for the applicant as well as Mr. M. Talukdar, learned counsel appearing for the opposite party. 2. The applicant herein claims to be the married daughter of Khargeswari Bordoloi and Late Phukan Ch. Bordoloi. The father of the applicant suffered a road traffic accident on 08.10.2009 and later died on 15.10.2009. Accordingly, the applicants mother, sister and brother, namely, Late Khargeswari Bordoloi, Smt. Puja Bordoloi (Opp. Party No.3) and Sri Babumoni Bordoloi (Opp. Party No.4) had jointly filed a claim petition under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 which was registered as MAC Case No. 186/2009 before the Member, MACT, Morigaon. In the said claim petition, the mother of the applicant and the Opp. Parties No.3 and 4 were the claimants. At the time of filing of the claim petition, the above named brother and sister of the applicants were minor aged about 13 (thirteen) and 7 (seven) years respectively. The said claim was allowed by judgment and award dated 25.07.2012, thereby awarding a compensation of Rs.10,48,311/- against the Branch Manager, United India Insurance Co. Ltd., Jagiroad Branch (Opp. Party No.2) along with interest at the rate of 6% per annum from 19.12.2009, i.e. the date of institution of the claim petition, to be paid within 90 days from the date of award. It was provided that in the event of failure to pay the award within stipulated time, the award would carry interest at the rate of 9% from the date of the judgment and award. The claimants, being dissatisfied with the award, preferred an appeal before this court under Section 173 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 which was registered as MAC App. No. 332/2013. 3. During the pendency of the appeal, Smt. Khargeswari Bordoloi, who was the appellant No.1 in the appeal had died. Accordingly, by order dated 31.07.2017 passed by this Court in I.A.(C) 2323/2017, the name of the appellant No.1 was struck- off. The Opp. Party No.3, who had attained majority was permitted to represent the Opp. Party No.4. 4. The said appeal was listed in the National Lok Adalat held on 14.07.2018. After a negotiated settlement, the parties agreed that apart from a sum of Rs.11,79,278/- already deposited by the Opp. The Opp. Party No.3, who had attained majority was permitted to represent the Opp. Party No.4. 4. The said appeal was listed in the National Lok Adalat held on 14.07.2018. After a negotiated settlement, the parties agreed that apart from a sum of Rs.11,79,278/- already deposited by the Opp. Party No.2/ insurer, a further sum of Rs.5,20,722/- shall be paid in lump sum as full and final settlement of the entire claim of the Opp. Parties No.3 and 4. The Opp. Party No.2 was directed to deposit the said amount within four weeks. 5. The learned counsel for the applicant has projected that though the applicant is the married daughter of the claimant No.1 and the deceased, the claim petition was filed without her knowledge and without impleading her. However, after the award was passed in MAC Case No. 187/2009, the mother of the applicant, by filing petition No. 97/2013 before the MACT, Morigaon, prayed for giving a sum of Rs.2,00,000/- out of the compensation awarded to the applicant herein, namely, Swapna Bordoloi. Accordingly, by order dated 04.02.2013 in MAC Case No. 187/2009, the learned Member, MACT, Morigaon had allowed a sum of Rs.2,00,000/- to be given to the applicant. Accordingly, by filing this application, the applicant has prayed that out of the enhanced award passed in the connected MAC App. No. 332/2013, one-third of the enhanced amount be paid to the applicant, being the elder daughter of the deceased. In order to sustain the submissions that a married daughter is entitled to compensation, the learned counsel for the applicant has relied on the case of (i) Manjuri Bera Vs. Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd. & Ors., (2007) 10 SCC 643 , (ii) Hafizun Begum Vs. Mohd. Ikram Heque & Ors., (2007) 10 SCC 715 , and (iii) Shriram General Insurance Vs. Visvasa Mallika, C.M.A. (MD) No. 830/2014 and connected cases, decided on 06.11.2014. 6. Per contra, the learned counsel for the Opp. Parties No. 3 and 4 has opposed this application on the ground that the applicant being a married daughter was never a dependent on their parents and therefore, as compensation was payable on account of loss of dependency, and their mother having already given a part of compensation to the applicant, she was not entitled to any further share in the enhanced amount awarded in the connected appeal. 7. 7. Upon hearing the learned counsel for both sides and having perused the materials on record, this court has ventured to examine the nature and effect of a Lok Adalat award. In light of the provisions of Section 21 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, the award passed in Lok Adalat has a binding effect. Therefore, it appears from the provisions of Section 21(2) of the 1987 Act that finality is attached to a Lok Adalat award and it appears that no appeal shall lie from such award as provided under Section 96(3) CPC. Accordingly, the award of a Lok Adalat appears to be final and permanent which equivalent to an executable decree although the award of the Lok Adalat is not a result of contest of merit. It is further seen that even when parties to suit of proceeding entered into a compromise within the meaning of Order XXIII Rule 3 CPC, by virtue of the provisions of Section 96(3) CPC, it has been provided that no appeal shall lie from a decree passed by the court with the consent of parties. Therefore, it appears that the only way to challenge the award passed in Lok Adalat is to set aside the award on permissible grounds like fraud or any other plea available. The award passed by the Lok Adalat can also be challenged by filing an appropriate writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. 8. In this regard, it would be relevant to quote paragraphs 16 to 28 of the case of P.T. Thomas Vs. Thomas Job, (2005) 6 SCC 467. “16. In our opinion, the award of the Lok Adalat is fictionally deemed to be decrees of Court and therefore the courts have all the powers in relation thereto as it has in relation to a decree passed by itself. This, in our opinion, includes the powers to extend time in appropriate cases. In our opinion, the award passed by the Lok Adalat is the decision of the court itself though arrived at by the simpler method of conciliation instead of the process of arguments in court. The effect is the same. In this connection, the High Court has failed to note that by the award what is put an end to is the appeal in the District Court and thereby the litigations between brothers forever. The effect is the same. In this connection, the High Court has failed to note that by the award what is put an end to is the appeal in the District Court and thereby the litigations between brothers forever. The view taken by the High Court, in our view, will totally defeat the object and purposes of the Legal Services Authorities Act and render the decision of the Lok Adalat meaningless. 17. Section 21 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 reads as follows :- “21. AWARD OF LOK ADALAT. (1) Every award of the Lok Adalat shall be deemed to be a decree of a Civil Court or, as the case may be, an order of any other Court and where a compromise or settlement has been arrived at, by a Lok Adalat in a case referred on it under sub-section (1) of Sec.20, the court fee paid in such cases shall be refunded; in the manner provided under the Court Fees Act, 1870 (7 of 1870). (2) Every award made by a Lok Adalat shall be final and binding on all the parties to the dispute, and no appeal shall lie to any Court against the award.” Section 22 reads thus :- 22. POWERS OF LOK ADALATS. - (1) The Lok Adalat shall, for the purposes of holding any determination under this Act, have the same powers as are vested in a Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), while trying a suit in respect of the following matters, namely: (a) the summoning and enforcing the attendance of any witness and examining him on oath; (b) the discovery and production of any document; (c) the reception of evidence on affidavits; (d) the requisitioning of any public record or document or copy of such record or document from any Court or Office; and (e) such other matters as may be prescribed. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of the powers contained in sub-section (1), every Lok Adalat shall have the requisite powers to specify its own procedure for the determination of any dispute coming before it. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of the powers contained in sub-section (1), every Lok Adalat shall have the requisite powers to specify its own procedure for the determination of any dispute coming before it. (3) All Proceedings before a Lok Adalat shall be deemed to be judicial proceedings within the meaning of Sections 193, 219 and 228 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) and every Lok Adalat shall be deemed to be a civil court for the purpose of Section 195 and Chapter 26 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974). 18. What is Lok Adalat? “The Lok Adalat is an old form of adjudicating system prevailed in ancient India and it's validity has not been taken away even in the modern days too. The word 'Lok Adalat' means 'Peoples Court'. This system is based on Gandhian principles. It is one of the components of ADR system. As the Indian Courts are over burdened with the backlog of cases and the regular Courts are to decide the cases involve a lengthy, expensive and tedious procedure. The Court takes years together to settle even petty cases. Lok Adalat, therefore provides alternative resolution or devise for expeditious and inexpensive justice. In Lok Adalat proceedings there are no victors and vanquished and, thus, no rancour. Experiment of 'Lok Adalat' as an alternate mode of dispute settlement has come to be accepted in India, as a viable, economic, efficient and informal one. LOK ADALAT is another alternative to JUDICIAL JUSTICE. This is a recent strategy for delivering informal, cheap and expeditious justice to the common man by way of settling disputes, which are pending in Courts and also those, which have not yet reached Courts by negotiation, conciliation and by adopting persuasive, common sense and human approach to the problems of the disputants, with the assistance of specially trained and experienced Members of a Team of Conciliators.” 19. Benefits Under Lok Adalat 1. There is no Court fee and if Court fee is already paid the amount will be refunded if the dispute is settled at Lok Adalat according to the rules. 2. The basic features of Lok Adalat are the procedural flexibility and speedy trial of the disputes. There is no strict application of procedural laws like Civil Procedure Code and Evidence Act while assessing the claim by Lok Adalat. 3. 2. The basic features of Lok Adalat are the procedural flexibility and speedy trial of the disputes. There is no strict application of procedural laws like Civil Procedure Code and Evidence Act while assessing the claim by Lok Adalat. 3. The parties to the dispute can directly interact with the Judge through their Counsel which is not possible in regular Courts of law. 4. The award by the Lok Adalat is binding on the parties and it has the status of a decree of a Civil Court and it is non-appealable which does not causes the delay in the settlement of disputes finally. In view of above facilities provided by “the Act” Lok Adalats are boon to the litigating public they can get their disputes settled fast and free of cost amicably. AWARD OF LOK ADALAT 20. The Lok Adalat shall proceed and dispose the cases and arrive at a compromise or settlement by following the legal principles, equity and natural justice. Ultimately the Lok Adalat passes an award, and every such award shall be deemed to be a decree of Civil Court or as the case may be which is final. AWARD OF LOK ADALAT SHALL BE FINAL 21. The Lok Adalat will passes the award with the consent of the parties, therefore there is no need either to reconsider or review the matter again and again, as the award passed by the Lok Adalat shall be final. Even as under Section 96(3) of C.P.C. that “no appeal shall lie from a decree passed by the Court with the consent of the parties”. The award of the Lok Adalat is an order by the Lok Adalat under the consent of the parties, and it shall be deemed to be a decree of the Civil Court, therefore an appeal shall not lie from the award of the Lok Adalat as under Section 96(3) C.P.C. 22. In Punjab National Bank v. Lakshmichand Rai ( AIR 2000 MP 301 , at pp. In Punjab National Bank v. Lakshmichand Rai ( AIR 2000 MP 301 , at pp. 304, para 9), the High Court held that: “The provisions of the Act shall prevail in the matter of filing an appeal and an appeal would not lie under the provisions of Section 96 C.P.C. Lok Adalat is conducted under an independent enactment and once the award is made by Lok Adalat the right of appeal shall be governed by the provisions of the Legal Services Authorities Act when it has been specifically barred under Provisions of Section 21(2), no appeal can be filed against the award under Sec.96 C.P.C.” The Court further stated that: (AIR p.p.304-04, para 14) “It may incidentally be further seen that even the Code of Civil Procedure does not provide for an appeal under Section 96(3) against a consent decree. The Code of Civil Procedure also intends that once a consent decree is passed by Civil Court finality is attached to it. Such finality cannot be permitted to be destroyed, particularly under the Legal Services Authorities Act, as it would amount to defeat the very aim and object of the Act with which it has been enacted, hence, we hold that the appeal filed is not maintainable.” 23. The High Court of Andhra Pradesh held that, in Board of Trustees of the Port of Visakhapatnam vs. Presiding Officer, Permanent, Lok Adalat-cum-Secretary, District Legal Services Authority, Visakhapatnam and another reported in 2000(5) ALT 577 , the award is enforceable as a decree and it is final. In all fours, the endeavour is only to see that the disputes are narrowed down and make the final settlement so that the parties are not again driven to further litigation or any dispute. Though the award of a Lok Adalat is not a result of a contest on merits just as a regular suit by a Court on a regular suit by a Court on a regular trial, however, it is as equal and on par with a decree on compromise and will have the same binding effect and conclusive just as the decree passed on the compromises cannot be challenged in a regular appeal, the award of the Lok Adalat being akin to the same, cannot be challenged by any regular remedies available under law including invoking Article 226 of the Constitution of India challenging the correctness of the award on any ground. Judicial review cannot be invoked in such awards especially on the grounds as raised in this writ petition. 24. The award of Lok Adalat is final and permanent which is equivalent to a decree executable, and the same is an ending to the litigation among parties. 25. In Sailendra Narayan Bhanja Deo vs. The State of Orissa, AIR 1956 SC 346 , the Constitution Bench held as follows: A judgment by consent or default is as effective an estoppel between the parties as a judgment whereby the court exercises its mind on a contested case. (South American and Mexican Co., ex.p. Bank of England, In re (1895) 1 Ch 37 & Kinch v. Walcott (1929 AC 482). In South American and Mexican Co., ex.p. Bank of England,In re [(1895) 1 Ch 37], it has been held that a judgment by consent or default is as effective an estoppel between the parties as a judgment whereby the Court exercises its mind on a contested case. Upholding the judgment of Vaughan Williams, J Lord Herschell said (Ch p.50): The truth is, a judgment by consent is intended to put a stop to litigation between the parties just as much as is a judgment which results from the decision of the Court after the matter has been fought out to the end. And I think it would be very mischievous if one were not to give a fair and reasonable interpretation to such judgments, and were to allow questions that were really involved in the action to be fought over again in a subsequent action. To the like effect are the following observations of the Judicial Committee in 'Kinch v. Walvott', 1929 AC 482 (AC at p. 493: “First of all their Lordships are clear that in relation to this plea of estoppel it is of no advantage to the appellant that the order in the libel action which is said to raise it was a consent order. For such a purpose an order by consent, not discharged by mutual agreement, and remaining unreduced, is as effective as an order of the Court made otherwise than by consent and not discharged on appeal.” 26. The same principle has been followed by the High Courts in India in a number of reported decisions. Reference need only be made to the cases of Secy. The same principle has been followed by the High Courts in India in a number of reported decisions. Reference need only be made to the cases of Secy. of State v. Ateendranath Das, ILR (1936) 63 Cal 550, ILR at p.558; Bhaishanker v. Moraji Keshavji & Co., ILR (1912) 36 Bom 283, and Raja Kumara Venkata Perumal Raja Bahadur v. Thatha Ramasamy Chetty, ILR (1912) 35 Mad 75, ILR p.558. In the Calcutta case [ILR (1936) 63 Cal 550] after referring to the English decisions the High Court observed as follows: (Attendranath Das case ILR (1936) 63 Cal 550, ILR 558) “On this authority it becomes absolutely clear that the consent order is as effective as an order passed on contest, not only with reference to the conclusion arrived at in the previous suit but also with regard to every step in the process of reasoning on which the said conclusion is founded. When we say “every step in the reasoning” we mean the findings on the essential facts on which the judgment or the ultimate conclusion was founded. In other words the finding which it was necessary to arrive at for the purpose of sustaining the judgment in the particular case will operate as estoppel by judgment.” 27. The Civil Procedure Code contains the following provisions: Order 23 Rule 3 provides for compromise of suit - where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Court that a suit has been adjusted wholly in part by any lawful agreement or compromise, written and signed by the parties. The Court after satisfying itself about the settlement, it can convert the settlement into a judgment decree. 28. We have already discussed about the steps taken by the appellant to serve notice on the respondent and the steps taken by him to perform his obligations and sending of the notice and telegram etc. would not have been done unless the appellant was ready with his obligations and the money all along. The appellant had waited till almost the last day for the respondent to perform his obligations. The High Court, in our view, has failed to note that the courts attempt should be to give life and enforceability to the compromise award and not to defeat it on technical grounds. The appellant had waited till almost the last day for the respondent to perform his obligations. The High Court, in our view, has failed to note that the courts attempt should be to give life and enforceability to the compromise award and not to defeat it on technical grounds. This is a fit case, in our view, where the Respondent ought to have been directed to execute the sale deed by the extended time, if necessary. The High Court is also not correct in holding that the Court has no jurisdiction to extend the time. In our view, the learned Subordinate Judge has rightly extended the time for depositing the money which the High Court has wrongly interfered with.” 9. In the opinion of this Court, as the Opp. Parties No.3 and 4 have an enhanced award in their favour, until the said Lok Adalat award is set aside or modified, any direction to the said Opp. Party No.3 to pay a certain amount to the applicant would amount to interference and/or modification with the said Lok Adalat award. Moreover, as the proceeding of MAC Appeal No. 332/2013 has culminated with the Lok Adalat Award, this Court would have no power or jurisdiction to pass any other order, which would have the effect of modifying/ altering/ varying the said Lok Adalat award. 10. In view of discussions above, this Court is of the considered opinion that as the proceedings of MAC App. No. 332/2013 was disposed of in the National Lok Adalat by order dated 14.07.2018, this Court would have no jurisdiction to allow the prayer made in this I.A. for a direction to the opposite party No.3 to pay one-third portion of the enhanced awarded amount to the applicant, which would amount to modification of award passed in the Lok Adalat. It appears to this Court that unless the said Lok Adalat order and award dated 14.07.2018 is set aside in an appropriate proceeding, Lok Adalat award cannot be modified on prayer made by the non- party to the MAC Appeal No. 322/2013, i.e. the applicant herein in this interlocutory application. 11. It appears to this Court that unless the said Lok Adalat order and award dated 14.07.2018 is set aside in an appropriate proceeding, Lok Adalat award cannot be modified on prayer made by the non- party to the MAC Appeal No. 322/2013, i.e. the applicant herein in this interlocutory application. 11. Taking note of the order dated 04.02.2013 passed by the learned Member MACT, Morigaon in MAC Case No. 187/2009 on petition No. 97/2013 as referred hereinbefore, this Court is inclined to grant liberty to the applicant to take such appropriate steps in respect of the order dated 14.07.2018, passed in the National Lok Adalat in MAC App. No. 332/2013, as the applicant may be so advised. 12. Accordingly, this application stands disposed of without interfering with the order dated 14.07.2018 passed in the National Lok Adalat in MAC App. No. 332/2013. However, liberty is granted to the applicant to challenge the said Lok Adalat Award in such manner as the applicant may be so advised. This Court would hasten to add herein that nothing contained in this order shall be construed as a finding on the entitlement of the applicant to claim her share in the enhanced award passed in MAC App. No. 332/2013, so that no parties are prejudiced by such finding, if any challenge is made by the applicant against the same. 13. The following directions contained in the interim order dated 13.09.2018 passed by this Court in this application to the effect that - “2. Assuming the applicant is entitled to a share, which could be 1/3rd of the enhanced amount which comes to Rs.1,73,574/- (Rupees One lakh seventy three thousand five hundred seventy four only), as such, the said amount be retained by the Registry”, shall remain operative till the period of 30 (thirty) days from today. Thereafter, the said interim direction shall stand vacated without any further reference to this Court. Except as saved above, the interim order dated 13.09.2018, passed in this application stands vacated. 14. No cost.