fu.kZ; 1- vihykFkhZi{k }kjk orZeku f}rh; vihy la;qDr iath;d] lgdkjh laLFkk;sa] Xokfy;j }kjk iz-Ø- 78&46@2004 esa ikfjr vkns'k fnukafdr 25-9-2006 ls O;fFkr gksdj e-iz- lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ vf/kfu;e] 1960] ftls vkxs lqfo/kk dh n`f"V ls ^^vfèkfu;e** dgk tk,xk] dh /kkjk 78¼2½ varxZr is'k dh xbZ gSA 2- blh izÑfr ds lekyksP; vkns'k ls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZi{k }kjk vU; f}rh; vihysa] Øe'k% f}rh; vihy Ø- 67@08] ,oa 68@09 is'k dh xbZ gSA mijksDr leLr vihyksa esa] vihy varxzZLr fo"k;oLrq leku izÑfr dh gksus ,oa lekyksP; vkns'k ,d gh izÑfr ds gksus ds dkj.k] budk fujkdj.k lesfdr :i ls bl vihy esa ikfjr fd, tk jgs fu.kZ; ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk jgk gSA vr,o] orZeku vihy esa ikfjr fu.kZ; dh lR;kfir izfrfyfi mijksDr vihyksa ds vfHkys[kksa esa j[kh tkdj mijksDr vihysa Hkh rnuq#i fujkÑr jgsaA 3- orZeku vihy fof/k ds fuEufyf[kr lkjHkwr iz'uksa ds fujkdj.kkFkZ xzkg~; dh xbZ% ¼1½ D;k fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks fookn dk Jo.kkf/kdkj izkIr Fkk\ ¼2½ D;k orZeku f}rh; vihy le;kof/k ckf/kr :i ls is'k dh xbZ gS\ 4- mHk;i{kksa ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.kksa ds rdZ lqus] i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA 5- orZeku vihy varxzZLr rF; laf{kIrr% bl izdkj gSa fd vihykFkhZ] izR;FkhZ cSad dh v/khuLFk lsok lgdkjh laLFkk e;kZ] dj gh esa fnukad 1-4-1999 ls 30-11-1999 rd dh inLFkkiuk ds nkSjku laLFkk dks igq¡ph vkfFkZd gkfu #- 65]069-00 dh olwyh fo"k;d fookn izR;FkhZ cSad }kjk mi iath;d] f'koiqjh ds le{k fnukad 12-2-2002 dks is'k fd;k x;k] ftls fo}ku mi iath;d }kjk ç-Ø- 64&11@02 ds :i esa ntZ dj vkns'k fnukafdr 30-10-2003 }kjk t;if=r fd;k x;k] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZi{k }kjk izFke vihy la;qDr iath;d Xokfy;j ds le{k is'k dh x;h] ftuds }kjk vkyksP; vkns'k fnukafdr 25-9-2006 }kjk vihy vLohdkj fd, tkus ls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZi{k }kjk orZeku f}rh; vihy vf/kdj.k ds le{k is'k dh xbZ gSA 6- fopkj.k U;k;ky; dh i=koyh ds voyksdu ls fofnr gksrk gS fd oknh@izR;FkhZ i{k }kjk ^vf/kfu;e* dh /kkjk 64 varxZr dk fookn lh/ks mi iath;d f'koiqjh ds le{k fnukad 12-2-2002 dks is'k fd;k x;kA e-iz- 'kklu] lgdkfjrk foHkkx dh vf/klwpuk Ø-@,Q&5@1@99@iUnzg&1&ch fnukad 26-7-1999 }kjk foRrh; cSadksa ds ekeyksa dk Jo.kkf/kdkj laHkkxh; la;qDr iath;d dks izR;k;ksftr fd;k x;k gS] blds ckotwn Hkh orZeku ekeys esa oknh@izR;FkhZ }kjk fookn lh/ks mi iath;d f'koiqjh ds le{k is'k fd;k tkuk ifjyf{kr gksrk gS] ftUgsa izR;FkhZ cSad] tks ,d foÙkh; cSad dh Js.kh esa vkrh gS] ls lacaf/kr okn ds fopkj.k dh vf/kdkfjrk izkIr ugha gSA 7- ekeys ds laca/k esa 2018¼2½ jk-fu- 367 ¼jkT; lgdkjh vf/kdj.k½ ^^egs'k dqekj xqIrk cuke ftyk lgdkjh dsUnzh; cSad Nrjiqj**] okys ekeys esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS%& ^^lgdkjh lkslk;Vh ^vf/kfu;e* 1960 ¼e-ç-½ /kkjk 64&vfèkdkfjrk&ekeyk foÙkh; cSad ls lacaf/kr&mi jftLVªkj ds le{k izLrqr fookn&pykus ;ksX; ugha&vf/kdkfjrk la;qDr jftLVªkj eas fufgr&mi jftLVªkj dks ,sls ekeys dk fofu'p;u djus dh vf/kdkfjrk ugha&fookn mfpr U;k;ky; esa izLrqr djus ds fy, okil ykSVkus gsrq ekeyk mi jftLVªkj dks izfrizsf"kr**] ekeys dh fo"k; oLrq ls lacaf/kr izLrqr ,d vU; U;k; n`"Vkar 2015] jk-fu- 41 ¼jktLo e.My½ ewykjke tks'kh rFkk ,d vU; cuke enuyky tks'kh mQZ enu eksgu tks'kh rFkk vU; okys ekeys esa izfrikfnr fof/k fl)kar ^^Hkw&jktLo lafgrk] 1959 ¼e-iz-½& /kkjk 109 rFk 110 mica/k ds v/khu vf/kdkfjrk&fookfnr ukekarj.k izdj.k&xzke iapk;r dks vfèkdkfjrk ugha&,sls izdj.k esa xzke iapk;r }kjk ikfjr ukekarj.k vkns'k&vfèkdkfjrk jfgr gS&,sls ekeys esa vihy esa ifjlhek dk iz'u mRiUu ugha gksrkA** ,oa ,d vU; U;k; n`"Vkar 1982 jk-fu- 417 ¼jktLo e.My½ egkjktflag rFkk vU; cuke vejckbZ rFkk vU; okys ekeys esa izfrokfnr fof/k fl)kar ^^fyfeVs'ku ,DV] 1963 /kkjk 5 vof/k ckg~; vihy fookfnr vkns'k vf/kdkfjrk jfgr E;kn dk iz'u ugha mBrkA vk-b-fj- 1954 lqizhe dksVZ 340 vk/kkfjr** mYys[kuh; gSA mijksDr rhuksa U;k;n`"Vkar AIR 1954, SC-340" fdj.kflag rFkk vU; cuke peu ikloku rFkk vU;** okys ekeys es izfrikfnr fof/k fl)kar "It is a fundamental principle that a decree passed by a Court without jurisdiction is a nullity, and that its invalidity could be set up whenever and wherever it is sought to be enforced or relied upon, even at the stage of execution and even in collateral proceedings. A defect of jurisdiction, whether it is pecuniary or territorial, or whether it is in respect of the subject-matter of the action strikes at the very authority of the Court to pass any decree, and such a defect cannot be cured even, by consent of parties". ij voyafcr fd;s x;s gSa orZeku f}rh; vihy varxzZLr fo"k; oLrq dk voyksdu djus ls Li"Vr;k ifjyf{kr gksrk gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks fookn Jo.k dk {ks=kf/kdkj izkIr ugha Fkk] ,slh n'kk esa orZeku f}rh; vihy esa le;kof/k ckf/kr fo"k;d fcanq ds fujkdj.k dh vko';drk 'ks"k ugha jg tkrh gSA 8- izR;FkhZi{k }kjk ekeys ds laaca/k esa leqRFkkfir rdZ bl izÑfr ds ugha gSa] ftuds vk/kkj ij orZeku vihy varxzZLr fookn dks U;k;ky; miiath;d ds {ks=kfèkdkj varxZr gksuk ekU; fd;k tk ldsA 9- vr% mijksDr foospuk/kkj ij vihykFkhZi{k }kjk izLrqr vihy Lohdkj dh tkdj v/khuLFk U;k;ky;ksa }kjk ikfjr vkyksP; vkns'k fujLr fd, tkrs gSa] lkFk gh izdj.k bl funsZ'ku d lkFk U;k;ky; mi iath;d f'koiqjh dks fjek.M fd;k tkrk