ORDER 1. The Constitution envisages a unified judicial system in this country against the backdrop of a federal system of governance in relation to the legislature and executive. Given that the Constitution in Chapter VI, Part VI largely vests the appointment and service conditions of the subordinate judiciary with the Governor, in consultation with the High Court of the respective states, conditions of service were often found to be asymmetrical within the country. This prompted the All India Judges Association to approach this Court by filing a writ petition. 2. This Court in All India Judges Association v. Union of India (1992) 1 SCC 119 , inter alia considered questions as to pay scales and service conditions of the members of the subordinate judiciary. It directed the states and the union territories to separately examine and review the pay structure of judicial officers as and when the states constitute pay commissions for its employees. Various states and the Union of India filed review petitions against the directions given in the aforesaid judgment and these objections were disposed of by judgment reported as All India Judges Association v. Union of India (1993) 4 SCC 288 . This Court specifically held that judicial service is not a service in the sense of 'employment' and judges are not employees. It held that parity in terms of conditions of service is to be maintained between the political executive, the legislators and the judges and between the judges and the administrative staff. The Court held that although service conditions were to be regulated by Rules made under Art. 309 to 312 of the Constitution, it does not mean that the judiciary will not have any say with respect to its service conditions. The Court, speaking through Sawant J., held, "8. This distinction between the Judges and the members of the other services has to be constantly kept in mind for yet another important reason. Judicial independence cannot be secured by making mere solemn proclamations about it. It has to be secured both in substance and in practice. It is trite to say that those who are in want cannot be free. Self-reliance is the foundation of independence. The society has a stake in ensuring the independence of the judiciary, and no price is too heavy to secure it. It has to be secured both in substance and in practice. It is trite to say that those who are in want cannot be free. Self-reliance is the foundation of independence. The society has a stake in ensuring the independence of the judiciary, and no price is too heavy to secure it. To keep the Judges in want of essential accoutrements and thus to impede them in the proper discharge of their duties, is to impair and whittle away justice itself." 3. The Court therefore recommended that the service conditions of the judicial officers should be laid down and reviewed from time to time by an independent Commission exclusively constituted for the purpose, and the composition of such Commission should reflect adequate representation on behalf of the judiciary. 4. Pursuant to the directions of this Court, the Union of India appointed the first National Judicial Pay Commission on 21.03.1996, under the chairmanship of Shri Justice K J Shetty. The Justice Shetty Commission submitted a preliminary report on 31.01.1998 and a final report on 11.01.1999. In All India Judges Association v. Union of India (2002) 4 SCC 247 , this Court accepted the recommendations made by the Shetty Commission with modifications made in the judgment. It also directed the Union of India and the states to implement the judgment and report compliance. 5. A perusal of the law reports for the subsequent years would indicate the number of times that this Court had to intervene to effectively get the recommendations of the Shetty Commission implemented. One would have expected that following a decade of directions, the executive would proactively setup another judicial pay commission since, in the meanwhile, a Sixth Pay Commission was set up and its recommendations implemented after modifications by the Union of India in respect of the public servants under the executive. However, the Court in All India Judges Association v. Union of India (2011) 12 SCC 677 was impelled to intervene and set up a Pay Commission under Justice E Padmanabhan, a retired High Court Judge. This was followed by a similar set of orders and judgments attempting to implement the recommendations of the report submitted by the Commission. 6. However, the Court in All India Judges Association v. Union of India (2011) 12 SCC 677 was impelled to intervene and set up a Pay Commission under Justice E Padmanabhan, a retired High Court Judge. This was followed by a similar set of orders and judgments attempting to implement the recommendations of the report submitted by the Commission. 6. In the present Writ Petition, the petitioner had again approached this Court by filing the present writ petition seeking the appointment of another Pay Commission and by order dated 9.5.2017, a Pay Commission under the chairmanship of Justice P Venkatarama Reddi, was constituted. The said Commission submitted its interim report on 09.03.2018 and the Court by order dated 27.03.2018, directed the official Respondents to implement the recommendations of the Commission with regard to interim relief. 7. The Commission has now submitted its report with respect to the pay, pension and allowances of the Judicial Officers to this Court on 29.01.2020. It now falls upon the respective States and Union Territories to consider and implement the report. Over the years, it has been observed that the primary objection to the implementation various directions concerning the service conditions of the subordinate judiciary is an alleged paucity of financial resources. We hope that the same objections, which have been rejected by this Court in All India Judges Association v. Union of India (1993) 4 SCC 288 , will not be re-agitated. The Court in the aforesaid judgment observed that compared to the other plan and non-plan expenditures, the financial burden caused on account of the directions given therein are negligible. 8. The Court in the aforesaid judgment observed that compared to the other plan and non-plan expenditures, the financial burden caused on account of the directions given therein are negligible. 8. The following table demonstrates that the expenditure on account of High Court and subordinate courts in the respective states continues to be inadequate and negligible in comparison to its overall expenditure for the year 2018- 2019: S. No. Name of the State High Court Subordinate Courts Total State Budget % to Revenue Expenditure Percentage Total Expenditure Revenue Expenditure Total Expenditure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Andhra Pradesh 32.86 653.55 686.41 1,26,339 1,62,134 0.54 0.42 2@ Assam 60.46 207.55 268.01 82004.81 2,91,593.74 0.32 0.09 3@ Arunachal Pradesh 5.27 - 5.27 12,429.47 18,177.07 0.04 0.02 4@ Mizoram 12.48 22.86 35.34 8,142.50 10,402 0.43 0.33 5@ Nagaland 7.83 12.16 19.99 11,449.13 16198.20 0.17 0.12 6 Bihar 152.09 643.58 795.67 124896.81 154655.14 0.63 0.51 7 Chhattisgarh 57.30 206.35 263.65 80,370 95072 0.32 0.28 8 Goa - - - 11,795 17,123 9 Gujarat 177.57 1011.77 1189.34 1,39,153 1,88,110 0.85 0.63 10 $ Haryana 146.12 453.46 599.58 85,334.81 1,02,779.09 0.70 0.58 11 $ Punjab 149.06 398.50 547.56 82,317.96 1,27,415 0.66 0.43 12 $ Chandigarh 21.65 30.7 52.36 NA NA NA NA 13 HP 38.07 118.92 156.99 33,408.18 43,625.16 0.46 0.35 14 J & K 56.08 159.60 215.68 59,041.76 1,04,718.27 0.36 0.20 15 Jharkhand 83.23 324.58 407.81 62,513.41 80,623.41 0.65 0.50 16 Karnataka 633.92 770.37 1404.29 1,65,702 2,06,268 0.84 0.68 17 Kerala 135.08 587.65 722.73 1,13,033.57 1,24,678.88 0.63 0.57 18 MP 133.67 821.57 955.24 1,51,022.46 1,80,279.24 0.63 0.52 19* Maharashtra 248.08 1303.15 1551.23 3,01,460 3,73,235 0.51 0.42 20 Manipur 13.94 14.17 28.11 12,189.97 16,650.79 0.23 0.16 21 Meghalaya 15.12 12.50 27.62 12,036.50 43,437 0.22 0.06 22 Odisha 76.71 428.93 505.64 91,327.85 1,20,125 0.55 0.42 23 Rajasthan 132.69 965.38 1098.07 1,73,008.92 2,12,259 0.63 0.51 24 Sikkim 16.86 16.83 33.69 5,881.02 7685 0.57 0.43 25 Tamil Nadu 259.35 970.23 1229.58 1,99,937.92 2,48,360 0.61 0.49 26 Tripura 25.46 95.58 121.04 12,801.14 16,380.80 0.94 0.73 27 Uttarakhand 42.67 149.14 191.81 34,726.63 43,460.93 0.55 0.44 28 UP 289.21 1325.41 1614.62 3,32,774.06 4,49,573.29 0.48 0.35 29 West Bengal 116.79 1025.23 1142.12 1,60,150 2,26,937 0.71 0.50 30 Telengana 137.27 361.67 498.94 1,19,026.93 1,61,856.53 0.41 0.30 31 Delhi 261.57 783.95 1045.52 39,893.90 50,200 2.62 2.08 Total 3,538.46 13,875.34 17,413.91 28,44,168.71 38,94,0120.54 0.61 0.44 @ The State of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland have Benches of Gauhati High Court. * Includes expenditure of Goa Bench. $ Punjab contributes 47.05%, Haryana 46.12% and Chandigarh 6.83% to the toal expenditure. Expenditure on Haryana & Punjab High Court is borne by Punjab, Haryana & Chandigarh and has been divided amongst them. 9. We are informed that the report which is presented to this Court on 29.01.2020 is already on the website of the Second National Judicial Pay Commission and therefore in public domain. The respective state governments and Union Territories are directed to file their responses with respect to each recommendation, if any, within a period of four weeks from today. If any of the parties fail to file such response, it will be presumed that they have no objections to the recommendations made by the Commission. We expect that the recommendations of the Commission will be implemented proactively. 10. Mr. P.S Narasimha, Ld. Senior Counsel has been assisting the Commission. We appoint him as amicus curiae to assist this Court and also appoint Shri K. Parameshwar as an amicus curiae to assist him. The respective State Governments are directed to serve their responses to the Registry of this Court as well as amicus curiae within stipulated period. The amici shall consolidate the views of the states and give their suggestions to the Court. They shall also consider what institutional mechanisms can be put in place to ensure that this Court is not compelled to intervene every time in respect of pay scales and conditions of service in respect of the subordinate judiciary. The Law Secretary, Union of India may also give his suggestions in this regard to the amici. 11. The States shall be represented by the Chief Secretaries. We request the Advocates General of the respective States to appear in the matter.