vkns'k 1- ;g fuxjkuh e-iz- Hkw&jktLo lafgrk] 1959 ¼ftls vkxs la{ksi esa lafgrk dgk tk,xk½ dh /kkjk 50 ds vUrxZr vij vk;qDr] pacy laHkkx }kjk ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 8-7-2010 ds fo#) izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 2- izdj.k ds rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gSa fd n~okfjdk izlkn iq= izgykn eh.kk fuoklh ik.Mksyk ds uk;c rglhynkj cM+kSnk ds le{k vkosnu nsdj crk;k fd xzke ik.Mksyk fLFkr Hkwfe losZ Øekad 1656 jdck 6 ch?kk ¼ftls vkxs iz'uk/khu Hkwfe dgk tk,xk½ ctjaxk iq= Hkaojyky ekyh ds uke 'kkldh; vfHkys[k esa vafdr gSA fdUrq bl Hkwfe dks ctjaxk us 4&5 o"kZ iwoZ #-5000@& ysdj vkosnd dks dCtk ns fn;k x;k] ftlds dkj.k mls HkwfeLokeh LoRo mRiUu gks x, gSa] vr% mlds uke Hkwfe dk bUnzkt fd;k tk,A uk;c rglhynkj us izdj.k Øekad 10@1998&99@v&46 iathc) dj lquokbZ mijkar vkns'k fnukad 30-9-1999 ds }kjk gfjdk izlkn eh.kk dks ewy ekfyd dh lgefr ds vk/kkj ij ekS#lh Ñ"kd vkSj fQj HkwfeLokeh vf/kdkj lafgrk dh /kkjk 168 ds rgr fn, x,A vij dysDVj ';ksiqj }kjk uk;c rglhynkj ds izdj.k dk ijh{k.k djus ij vkns'k fnukad 30-9-1999 esa vfu;ferrk ik, tkus ij] izdj.k Loeso fuxjkuh esa ysdj iathc) fd;k x;k rFkk fgrc) i{kdkjksa dh lquokbZ mijkar vkns'k fnukad 30-3-2010 esa ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk x;k fd vkosnd i{k ekS#lh Ñ"kd izekf.kr djus ds fy, dksbZ i;kZIr lk{; rglhy U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr ugha dj lds gSa( vr% lafgrk dh /kkjk 169 ds varxZr ekS#lh Ñ"kd ds vf/kdkj izkIr ugha gksrs gSaA QyLo:i uk;c rglhynkj dk vkns'k fnukad 30-9-1999 fujLr fd;k x;kA lkFk gh] ewy HkwfeLokeh us iz'uk/khu Hkwfe ds gd dk ifjR;kx dj nsus ls laca/kh dFku rglhy U;k;ky; ds le{k fn, gksus ds vk/kkj ij lafgrk dh /kkjk 176 ds varxZr lqlaxr dk;Zokgh gsrq uk;c rglhynkj ';ksiqj dks vknsf'kr fd;k x;kA vij dysDVj ds vkns'k ds fo#) vkosnd }kjk vij vk;qDr] pacy ds le{k fuxjkuh izLrqr dh xbZA vij vk;qDr us vkns'k fnukad 8-7-2010 ls fuxjkuh vLohdkj dh xbZA vij vk;qDr] pacy ds blh vkns'k ls ifjosfnr gksdj ;g fuxjkuh U;k;ky; esa izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 3- vkosnd ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd }kjk eq[; :i ls rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; vij dysDVj ,oa vij vk;qDr }kjk vfHkys[k ls foijhr fu"d"kZ fudkys x, gSaA ;g Hkh rdZ fd;k fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk fu"d"kZ fudkyk x;k gS fd izdj.k esa Hkwfe dk varj.k gqvk gS] fdUrq vkosnd }kjk iathdj.k 'kqYd ls cpus ds fy, ;g izfØ;k viukbZ xbZ gS( ;fn ,slk gS] rks vkosnd iathdj.k 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku djus ds fy, rS;kj gSaA rdZ esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd Loeso fuxjkuh dh dk;Zokgh dkQh yEcs vUrjky ds mijkar dh xbZ gSA 10 1@2 o"kZ dh nh?kZdkfyd vof/k ds ckn Loeso fuxjkuh ds vUrxZr dk;Zokgh ugha dh tk ldrh gSA muds }kjk fuxjkuh Lohdkj dh tkdj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; vij dysDVj ,oa vij vk;qDr dk vkns'k fujLr fd, tkus dk vuqjks/k fd;k x;kA 4- vukosnd 'kklu ds fo}ku 'kkldh; vfHkHkk"kd }kjk eq[; :i ls rdZ fd;k x;k fd vij dysDVj }kjk rglhynkj ds vkns'k esa vfu;ferrk ik, tkus ij izdj.k esa Loeso fuxjkuh esa fy;k x;k gSA tkudkjh fnukad ls izdj.k Loeso fuxjkuh esa fy, tkus dh dk;Zokgh dh xbZ gSA le;kof/k dh x.kuk vkns'k fnukad ls u gksdj vfu;ferrk dh tkudkjh dh fnukad ls dh tkrh gSA vij dysDVj }kjk fof/kor lquokbZ dk volj nsdj fof/kor~ vkns'k ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA vij dysDVj }kjk ikfjr vkns'k dks vij vk;qDr }kjk Hkh fLFkj j[kk x;k gSA muds }kjk fuxjkuh fujLr fd, tkus dk vuqjks/k fd;k x;kA 5- mHk; i{k ds fo}ku vfHkHkk"kd x;k }kjk izLrqr rdks± ds ifjizs{; esa vèkhuLFk U;k;ky;ksa ds vfHkys[kksa dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA 6- vij dysDVj us vij vkns'k ds i`"B 2 esa fuEu eqís mBk, gSa] tks fuEukuqlkj gSa & ¼d½ ekS#lh Ñ"kdRo dosy [kljk izfof"V;ksa ls fl) fd;k tk ldrk gSA ¼[k½ ekS:lh dk'rdkj ds bUnzkt fd, tkus okys [kljk ds dkye esa dCts dk bUnzkt ugha gS] ekS#l Ñ"kd ds vf/kdkj izkIr ugha gksrs gSaA ¼x½ iêk iznku djus laca/kh dksbZ nLrkost ugha gSa rFkk dCtk nsus dh dksbZ fofuZ"V rkjh[k ugha crkbZ xbZ gSA ek= dCts ds vk/kkj ij ek#lh Ñ"kd gksus dk gd izkIr ugha gks ldrkA 6-1 buds vfrfjDr] izdj.k esa fopkj.kh; eqík ;g gS fd D;k fopkj.k U;k;ky; rglhynkj dks vkosnd i{k dks ekS#lh Ñ"kd vkSj HkwfeLokeh ?kksf"kr djus dk vf/kdkj Fkk fd ughaA uk;c rglhynkj }kjk ;g vkns'k lafgrk dh fuEufyf[kr /kkjkvksa ds vk/kkj ij ikfjr fd;k x;k gS & d& izFker% lafgrk dh rRle; ykxw /kkjk 168¼1½ fuEukuqlkj mn~Hkwr gS& ß168- iês& ¼1½ mu ekeyksa esa ds flok; ftuds fd fy, mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa mica/k fd;k x;k gS] dksbZ Hkh HkwfeLokeh mlds [kkrs esa lekfo"V fdlh Hkwfe dks rhu o"kZ dh fdlh ØeorhZ dkykof/k ds nkSjku ,d o"kZ ls vf/kd le; ds fy, iês ij ugha nsxkAÞ ¼mYys[kuh; gS fd lafgrk esa o"kZ 2018 esa fd, x, la'kks/ku ls Åij mfYyf[kr /kkjk 168¼1½ la'kksf/kr dh xbZ gSA½ [k& lafgrk dh rRle; ykxw /kkjk 168¼1½ ds Åij mYysf[kr lacaf/kr Hkkx dks lafgrk dh rRle; ykxw /kkjk 169 ds lkFk iढ+k tkuk pkfg,] ftldk izklafxd Hkkx fuEukuqlkj gS%& ß169- vukf/kÑr iêk] vkfn&;fn dksbZ HkwfeLokeh& ¼,d½ vius [kkrs esa lekfo"V fdlh Hkwfe dks /kkjk 168 ds mYya?ku esa fdlh dkykof/k ds fy, iês ij ns nsrk gS] ;k -- rks ekS#lh Ñ"kd ds vf/kdkj ¼d½ mi;qZDr ¼,d½ ds ekeys esa] iêsnkj dks ,slh Hkwfe esa rnqifj izksn~Hkwr gks tk,axsAÞ ¼mYys[kuh; gS fd lafgrk esa o"kZ 2018 esa fd, x, la'kks/ku ls Åij mfYyf[kr /kkjk 169 foyksfir dj nh xbZ gSA½ x& tc fdlh O;fDr dks ,d ckj Åij mYysf[kr /kkjkvksa ds vkèkkj ij ekS#lh Ñ"kd ds vf/kdkj izkIr gks tkrs gSa] rc lafgrk dh /kkjk 190¼2d½ ds vuqlkj HkwfeLokeh vf/kdkj izkIr gks tkrs gSaA lafgrk dh /kkjk 190¼2d½] tks e-iz- vf/kfu;e Ø-24 lu~ 1961 }kjk tksM+h xbZ] fuEukuqlkj gS%& ßtgk¡ HkwfeLokeh dh Hkwfe mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fofufnZ"V ekS#lh Ñ"kd ls fHkUu ekS#lh Ñ"kd }kjk /kkfjr gS] ogk¡ ml ekS#lh Ñ"kd dks ,slh Hkwfe ds laca/k esa HkwfeLokeh ds vf/kdkj ------izksn~Hkwr gks tk,¡xsAÞ 6-2@rglhynkj }kjk ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 30-9-1999 esa oLrqr% nks fu.kZ; 'kkfey gS %& ¼d½ lafgrk dh /kkjk 168¼1½ vkSj 169 ds rgr ekS#lh Ñ"kd ?kksf"kr djukA ¼[k½ rRi'pkr~] lafgrk dh /kkjk 190¼2d½ ds rgr HkwfeLokeh vfèkdkj iznku djukA 6-3 bl izdj.k esa fopkj.kh; fcUnq ;g gS fd D;k jktLo U;k;ky; ds ikl dCts ds vk/kkj ij ekS#lh Ñ"kd ?kksf"kr dj HkwfeLokeh vf/kdkj iznku djus dh vf/kdkfjrk gSA 6-4 bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk 1978 jk-fu- 12 jkoyk fo#) nsfÙk;k ,oa vU; esa fuEufyf[kr U;k; n`"Vkar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS& "4. The lower appellate Court felt that under section 257 (O) of the M.R. Land Revenue Code the claims by and occupancy tenant for corferral of the rights of Bhumiswami fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Revenue Tribunal under section 190 of the M.P. Land Revenue Code. Section 190 of the Code no doubt empoweres the Revenue Tribunal to confer the rights of a Bhumiswami; but it contemplates that these rights could only be conferred on an occupancy tenant but whether a person claiming the rights of a Bhumiswami is an occupancy tenant or not, is not within the jurisdiction of Revenue Tribunal to determine under section 190 of the Code. That question therefore will be for the civil Court to decide and section 257(O) of the Code will therefore not come into operation restricting jurisdiction of the Civil Court to entertain the suit for declaration of title." (Emphasis added) blh izdkj] ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; }kjk 1991 jk-fu- 114 luoy ,oa vU; fo#) y{ehckbZ ,oa vU; esa fuEufyf[kr U;k; n`"Vkar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %& "27. In the istant case the real dispute between the parties centers round the question whether the defendants No.1 and 3 had acquired the status of occupancy tenants in respect of the suit lands. There is no provision in the Code which empowers any Revenue Officer to determine the status of occupancy tenant. Section 190 which deals with conferral of Bhumiswami rights on occupancy tenants can operate only when the person who claims to have acquired Bhumiswami rights under section 190 of the Code is admittedly an occupancy tenant. But that is not the situation in the present case. ........... 33. In the instant case defendants No.1 and 3 claimed to have acquired status of occupancy tenants and consequently the status of Bhumiswami in respect of the suit-lands under section 190 of the Code. The jurisdiction for deciding such a claim is vested n the civil Court and not in the Revenue Authority and the decision in the case of Rawala (supra), is on all force applicable to the facts of the instant case. The jurisdiction for deciding such a claim is vested n the civil Court and not in the Revenue Authority and the decision in the case of Rawala (supra), is on all force applicable to the facts of the instant case. As such, it is held that the civil filed by the plaintiff challenging the defendants, claims of status as occupancy tenant is respect of the suit-land, is maintainable." (Emphsis added) blh çdkj] ekuuh; e-ç- mPp U;k;ky; }kjk foeyk ckà p©èkjh fo#) c¨MZ vkWQ jsosU;w ,oa vU; (Manu/MP/0860/2008) esa fuEufyf[kr U;kf;d fl)kar çfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %& ''The core question that arises for consideration is whether in a case-where th status of the claimant as occupancy tenant is disputed, the revenue authorities can examine the merits of the claim and record a finding about the status a occupancy tenant and pass an order conferring the Bhumiswami rights under section 190 of the Code ? Section 190 of the Code deals with conferral of Bhumiswami right on occupancy tenant. Under section 190 Bhumiswami rights can be conferred on occupancy tenant but status of a person as occupancy tenant cannot be decided. Therefore, section 190 can be attracted only when the status of a person as occupancy tenant is not in dispute. Section 190 of the Code reads as under: 190. Conferral of Bhumiswami rights on occupancy tenants - (1) Where a bhumiswami whose land is held by an occupancy tenant belonging to any of the categories specified in sub-section (1) of section 185 except in items (a) and (b) of clause (i) thereof cfails to make an application under sub-section (1) of section 189 within the period laid down therein, the rights of a Bhumiswami shall accrue to the occupancy tenant in respect of the land held by him from such Bhumiswami with effect from the commencement of the agricultural year next following the expiry of the aforesaid period. (2) Where an application is made by a Bhumiswami in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 189 the rights of a Bhumiswami shall accrue to the occupancy tenant in respect of the land remaining with him after resumption if any allowed to the Bhumiswami with effect from the commencement of the agricultural year next following the date on which the application is finally disposed of. (2-A) Where the land of a Bhumiswami is held by an occupancy tenant other than an occupancy tenant referred to in sub-section (1) the rights of a Bhumiswami shall accrue to the occupancy tenant in respect of such land- (a) in the case of occupancy tenants of the categories specified in items (a) and (b) of clause (i) of sub section (1) of section 185, with effect from the commencement of the agricultural year next following the commencement of the Principal Act; (b) in any other case with effect from the commencement of the agricultural year next following the date on which the rights of an occupancy tenant accrue to such tenant. (3) Where the rights of a Bhumiswami accrue to an occupancy tenant under sub-section (1), sub-section (2) or sub-section (2-A) such occupancy tenant shall be liable to pay to his Bhumiswami compensation equal to fifteen times the land revenue payable in respect of the land in five equal annual installments, payable under section 188 for the corresponding year falls due, and if default is made in payment, it shall be recoverable as an arrear of land revenue: Provided that if from any cause the land revenue is suspended or remitted in whole or in part in any area in any year, the annual instalment of compensation payable by an occupancy tenant holding land in such area in respect of that year shall be suspended and shall become payable on year after the lat of the remaining instalments. (4) Any occupancy tenant may at his option pay the entire amount of compensation in a lump sum and where an occupancy tenant exercises this option, he shall be entitled to a rebate at the rate of ten percent. (5) The amount of compensation, whether paid in lump sum or in annual instalments, shall be deposited in such manner and form as may be prescribed by the occupancy tenant with the Tahsildar, for payment to the Bhumiswami. (6) Where the rights of a Bhumiswami in any land accrue to an occupancy tenant under this section, he shall be liable to pay the land revenue payable by the Bhumiswami in respect of such land with effect from the date of accrual of such rights.Section 257 of the code deals with exclusive jurisdiction of the revenue authorities and section 257 (O) provides that : 257. Exclusive jurisdiction of revenue authorities -- Except as otherwise provided in this Code, or in any other enactment for the time being in force, no Civil Court shall entertain any suit instituted or application made to obtain a decision or order on any matter which the State Government, the Board, or any Revenue Officer is by this Code, empowered to determine, decided or dispose of, and in particular and without prejudice to the generality of this provision, no Civil Court shall exercise jurisdiction over any of the following matters: (O) claims by occupancy tenants for conferral of the rights of Bhumiswami under section 190; Under section 257 (O) revenue authorities have exclusive jurisdiction to decide claim of occupancy tenant for conferral of Bhumiswami right but under section 257 (O) read with section 190 the status as occupancy tenant itself cannot be decided by revenue authorities ............. Thus, it can be safely held that determination of question of Bhumiswami rights lies within the province of the Civil Court except in cases falling under section 257 of the Code. Section 257 (O) gives limited jurisdiction to revenue authorities to decide the claims of occupancy tenant for conferral of Bhumiswami rights, therefore, in cases where status of claimant as occupancy tenant is in dispute, section 190 of the Code cannot be invoked. In the present case an application under section 190 of the Code was filed by the respondent No. 5 claiming the status of occupancy tenant on the basis of cultivation and possession as 'Munafedar' from 1977-78 to 1984-85. The petitioners had filed reply dated 18.2.85/26.3.85 to this application denying the facts stated in the application and denying that the respondent No. 5 remained in possession upto 1985 as 'Manafedar'. Before the Additional Tahsildar the matter was contested by the petitioner and the issue No. 3 was framed about attaining the status of occupancy tenant by the respondent No. 5 under section 185 of the Code. This issue was contested by the petitioner and the Tahsildar held that the respondent No. 5 obtained the status of occupancy tenant under section 185 of the Code. The Tahsildar then examined the question of conferral Bhumiswami rights on the respondent No. 5 under section 190 of the Code and held the respondent No. 5 is entitled for such right on the basis of the findings about the respondents status as occupancy tenant. The Tahsildar then examined the question of conferral Bhumiswami rights on the respondent No. 5 under section 190 of the Code and held the respondent No. 5 is entitled for such right on the basis of the findings about the respondents status as occupancy tenant. A perusal of the order of the Tahsildar indicates that the status of the respondent No. 5 as occupancy tenant was in dispute. The Tahsildar had no jurisdiction to go into the question and record a finding about the status of occupancy tenant under section 185. Proper remedy in such a case was to relegate the parties to avail the remedy of civil suit. The Additional Commissioner had rightly placed reliance upon the judgments of this court reported in Sanwal (supra), while taking a view that in the facts of the case the revenue court had no jurisdiction to confer the status of occupancy tenant to the respondent No. 5. Clear error of law was committed by the board of Revenue in reversing the order of the Additional Commissioner while exercising the revisional jurisdiction. The Board of Revenue has not noted the judgments of this court which were relied upon by the Additional Commissioner. Clear error of law was committed by the board of Revenue in reversing the order of the Additional Commissioner while exercising the revisional jurisdiction. The Board of Revenue has not noted the judgments of this court which were relied upon by the Additional Commissioner. The order of the Board of Revenue cannot be sustained since view taken by the Board of Revenue on this issue is contrary to the judgments of this court.'' [Emphasis Added] 6-5 mij¨ä U;kf;d míj.k¨a esa jktLo U;k;ky; d¢ vfèkdkj¨a d¢ lacaèk esa fu"d"kZ fudkys x, gSa] t¨ bl çdkj gSa %& ¼d½ jktLo U;k;ky; lafgrk dh èkkjk 190 d¢ rgr ÒwfeLokeh vfèkdkj çnku dj ldrs gSa] tSlk fd lafgrk dh èkkjk 257 dh rRle; ykxw dafMdk ¼.k½ ¼ftls Åij mYysf[kr U;kf;d míj.k esa èkkjk 257 ¼0½ dgk x;k gS½ esa çkoèkkfur gSaA voy¨duh; gS fd lafgrk esa o"kZ 2018 esa fd, x, la'k¨èku d¢ ekè;e ls lafgrk dh èkkjk 257 dh dafMdk ¼.k½ foy¨fir dj nh xà gS] ftl dkj.k rRi'pkr~ jktLo U;k;ky;¨a d¨ lafgrk dh èkkjk 190 d¢ rgr ÒwfeLokeh vfèkdkj çnku djus dh vfèkdkfjrk ugÈ jgh gSA tgk¡ rd o"kZ 2018 d¢ la'k¨èku ls iwoZ dh fLFkfr gS] tSlk fd bl çdj.k esa gS] jktLo U;k;ky; lafgrk dh èkkjk 190 d¢ rgr ÒwfeLokeh vfèkdkj d¢oy mlh fLFkfr esa çnku dj ldrs gSa tc O;fä d¢ e©:lh Ñ"kd g¨us d¢ lacaèk esa d¨Ã fookn u g¨A cfYd o"kZ 2018 d¢ la'k¨èku d¢ iwoZ] lafgrk dh èkkjk 257 dh dafMdk ¼.k½ d¢ dkj.k e©:lh Ñ"kd d¢ vkèkkj ij ÒwfeLokeh vfèkdkj çnku djus dk vfèkdkj O;ogkj U;k;ky; d¨ ugÈ FkkA ¼[k½ jktLo U;k;ky;¨a d¨ fdlh O;fä d¨ e©:lh Ñ"kd Ĩf"kr djus d¢ vfèkdkj çkIr ugÈ gSa] ;g vfèkdkj ek= O;ogkj U;k;ky; d¨ gh çkIr gSaA 6-6 ;g ekeyk fcYdqy Åij mYysf[kr foeyk ckà p©èkjh fo#) jktLo e.My o vU; (Manu/MP/0860/2008) tSlk gh gS] ftlesa lacafèkr dk e©:lh Ñ"kd g¨uk fookfnr g¨us d¢ mijkar Òh uk;c rglhynkj }kjk e©:lh Ñ"kd g¨us dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k v©j rnqijkar ÒwfeLokeh vfèkdkj Òh çnÙk fd, x,A ,slh fLFkfr esa] uk;c rglhynkj }kjk O;ogkj U;k;ky; dh 'kfä;¨a dk ç;¨x fd;k x;k gS] D;¨afd uk;c rglhynkj d¨ vukosnd i{k d¨ e©:lh Ñ"kd Ĩf"kr djus dk d¨Ã vfèkdkj çkIr ugÈ FkkA ;fn O;ogkj U;k;ky; }kjk vukosnd i{k d¨ iwoZ ls e©:lh Ñ"kd Ĩf"kr fd;k tk pqdk g¨rk] rc fuf'pr gh lafgrk dh èkkjk 190 v©j rRle; ykxw èkkjk 257 dh dafMdk ¼.k½ d¢ rgr uk;c rglhynkj mUgsa ÒwfeLokeh Ĩf"kr dj ldrs FksA 7- tgk¡ rd çfrdwy dCts d¢ vkèkkj ij uk;c rglhynkj }kjk ukekarj.k fd, tkus dk ç'u gS] mldk ijh{k.k fuEukuqlkj fd;k tk jgk gS%& 7-1 ekuuh; eè;çns'k mPp U;k;ky; }kjk panj ckà ¼Jherh½ fo- eè;çns'k jkT; 2011 ¼4½ ,eih,yts 307 esa fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd çfrdwy dCtk }kjk ÒwfeLokeh d¢ vfèkdkj d¢ vtZu dk ç'u rF; rFkk fofèk dk ç'u g¨us ls foLr`r tk¡p d¢ i'pkr~ gh fofuf'pr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk dukZVd oDQ c¨MZ fo- Òkjr 'kklu ¼¼2004½ 10 ,llhlh 779½ esa fuEukuqlkj fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS%& '' Plea of adverse possession is not a pure question of law but a blended one of fact and law. Therefore, a person who claims adverse possession should show (a) on what date he came into possession, (b) what was the nature of his possession, (c) whether the factum of possession was known to the other party, (d) now long his possession has continued, and (e) his possession was open and undisturbed. A person Pleading adverse possession has no equities in his favour. A person Pleading adverse possession has no equities in his favour. Since he is trying to defeat the rights of true owner, it is for him to clearly plead and establish all facts necessary to establish his adverse possession'' (Emphasis added) mDrkuqlkj çfrdwy dCts d¢ vkèkkj ij nkok djus okys O;fä d¨ ewy ÒwfeLokeh d¢ vfèkdkj¨a d¢ fo#) viuk nkok LFkkfir djuk g¨rk gS] ftld¢ fy, ;g vfuok;Z gS fd og vius nkos ls lacafèkr leLr rF; Li"Vr;k mfYyf[kr djsa o mUgsa LFkkfir djsaA fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk çdj.k esa d¨Ã foLr`r tk¡p ugÈ dh xÃA mDr vkèkkj ij vkosnd fopkj.k U;k;ky; d¢ le{k vius çfrdwy dCts d¢ nkos d¨ mfpr :i ls LFkkfir djus esa vlQy jgk gSA 7-2 ifjlhek vfèkfu;e] 1963 dh èkkjk 27 esa fuEukuqlkj mYysf[kr gS%& ^^lEifÙk ij d¢ vfèkdkj dk fuokZfir g¨uk&ml dkykofèk d¢ i;Zolku ij] t¨ fdlh lEifÙk d¢ dCts dk okn lafLFkr fd, tkus d¢ fufeÙk fdlh O;fä d¢ fy, ,rn~}kjk ifjlhfer gS] ,slh lEifÙk ij mldk vfèkdkj fuokZfir g¨ tk,xkA^^ ifjlhek vfèkfu;e dh vuqlwph 1 d¢ vuqPNsn 65 d¢ varxZr çfrdwy dCts d¢ vkèkkj ij nkos d¢ fy, 12 o"kZ dh lhek fuèkkZfjr gSA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vejsaæ çrki flag fo- rst cgknqj çtkifr ¼,vkbvkj 2004 ,llh 3782½ esa fuEukuqlkj fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS %& ''A person, though having no right to enter into possession of the property of someone else, does so and continues in possession setting up title in himself and adversely to the title of the owner, commences prescribing title into himself and such prescription having continued for a period of 12 years, he acquires title not on his own but on account of the default or inaction on part of the real owner, which stretched over a period of 12 years results into extinguishing of the latter's title.'' [Emphasis Added] mDrkuqlkj] tgk¡ çfrdwy dCts d¢ vkèkkj ij nkos d¢ fy, 12 o"kZ dh lhek fuèkkZfjr gS] fopkj.k U;k;ky; d¢ le{k çdj.k esa vkosnd }kjk ek= 10 o"kZ d¢ dCts d¢ vkèkkj ij ukekarj.k gsrq vkosnu çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl dkj.k çfrdwy dCts d¢ vkèkkj ij Òh vkosnd d¢ i{k esa ukekarj.k ugÈ fd;k tk ldrk FkkA 7-3 çfrdwy dCts d¢ nkos d¢ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd ç'ukèkhu dCtk çfrdwy g¨] uk dh ewy ÒwfeLokeh }kjk LosPNk ls fn;k x;k g¨A ekuuh; lo¨ZPp U;k;ky; }kjk Mh- ,u- oSadVj;Iik fo- dukZVd jkT; ¼,vkbvkj 1997 ,llh 2930½ esa fuEukuqlkj fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS %& ''What requires to be pleaded and proved is that the purchaser disclaimed his title under which he came into possession, set up adverse possession with necessary animus of asserting open and hostile title to the knowledge of the true owner and the later allowed the former, without any let or hindrance, to remain in possession and enjoyment of the property adverse to the interest of the true owner until the expiry of the prescribed period. The classical requirement of adverse possession is that it should be nec vi, clam, aut precario.'' (Emphasis added) mYysf[kr fl)kar 'Nec vi, nec clam, nec precario' ySfVu esa gS ftldk vk'k; gS 'without force, without secrecy, without permission' oSdfYid :i ls] bls 'not by force, nor stealth, nor the licence of the owner' d¢ :i esa Òh ifjÒkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA bl fl)kar esa 'nec precario' vFkok 'without permission vFkok 'nor the licence of the owner' bl çdj.k d¢ fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA fopkj.k U;k;ky; d¢ vuqlkj ewy ÒwfeLokeh }kjk vkosnd d¨ Òwfe lgefr ls [ksrh ij nh xÃA mä fLFkfr esa ;g çdj.k vuqKs; dCts dk gqvk] uk fd çfrdwy dCts dkA ekuuh; eè;çns'k mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ijek fo- jRuk dkNh 2006 jk- fu- 107 v©j j¨eu dSFk¨fyd fe'ku fo- y[kwjke 1988 jk- fu- 206 esa ;g fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd vuqKs; dCtk dc çfrdwy g¨ x;k] ;g fofufnZ"V fd, fcuk nhÄZdkfyd dCtk Lo;a d¨Ã gd çnku ugÈ djrkA ekuuh; eè; çns'k mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ekaxhyky fo- xaxkckà 1989 jk- fu- 251 esa fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd çkjafÒd vuqKs; dCtk çfrdwy g¨ tkus d¢ lcwr dk Òkj nkosnkj ij g¨rk gS] fopkj.k U;k;ky; d¢ le{k vkosnd }kjk ,slk d¨Ã çek.k çLrqr ugÈ fd;k x;k gSA bl çdkj vkosnd }kjk ç'ukèkhu Òwfe ij çfrdwy dCts d¢ lacaèk esa d¨Ã nkok vFkok çek.k çLrqr ugÈ fd;k x;k gS] ftld¢ dkj.k çfrdwy dCts dk nkok LFkkfir ugÈ g¨rk gSA 7-4 Åij iSjk 7-1 ls 7-3 d¢ vuqlkj vkosnd d¢ i{k esa ukekarj.k çfrdwy dCts d¢ vkèkkj ij Òh lgh ugÈ dgk tk ldrkA 8- vij vk;qä us vius vkns'k esa ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS fd vkosnd }kjk jftLVªh 'kqYd ls cpus gsrq ;g dk;Zokgh dh xà gS v©j vkosnd vfÒÒk"kd }kjk vius rdZ esa ;g dgk x;k fd ge jftLVªh 'kqYd tek djus d¨ rS;kj gSaA çdj.k esa ewy ÒwfeLokeh Jh ctjaxk }kjk vkosnd i{k ls 5000@& ysdj Òwfe e©f[kd iÍs ij nsus d¢ dFku gSa] d¨Ã fyf[kr vuqcaèk vFkok foØ; i= ugÈ gSaA mä fLFkfr esa] fuEu dkj.k¨a ls bls oSèk varj.k ugÈ ekuk tk ldrk %& ¼d½ bl çdj.k esa ç'ukèkhu Òwfe d¢ foØ; fd, tkus d¢ lacaèk esa d¨Ã nLrkost is'k ugÈ fd, x, gSa] cfYd ç'ukèkhu Òwfe 5000@& #i;s d¢ ,ot esa iÍs ij fn, tkus d¢ dFku gSaA e©f[kd vuqcaèk ij Òwfe dk foØ; g¨uk ekU; ugÈ fd;k tk ldrkA ,slh fLFkfr esa] vkosnd d¨ fdlh çdkj d¢ LoRo varfjr ugÈ g¨rs gSaA ¼[k½ fdlh Òh nLrkost] ftld¢ }kjk lEifÙk dk varj.k g¨] dk jftLVªhdj.k vfuok;Z gSA bl lacaèk esa jftLVªhdj.k vfèkfu;e] 1908 dh èkkjk 17] ftlesa mu nLrkost¨a dk mYys[k gS] ftudk jftLVªhdj.k vfuok;Z gS] dk lacafèkr va'k fuEukuqlkj mn`r gS %& ¼1½ ^^fuEufyf[kr nLrkost¨a dh jftLVªh djuh g¨xh ;fn og lEifÙk] ftlls mudk lacaèk gS] ,sls ftys esa fLFkr gS] ftlesa v©j ;fn os nLrkost ml rkjh[k d¨ ;k d¢ i'pkr~ fu"ikfnr gqà gSa] ftld¨] 1864 dk ,sDV la[;kad 16 ;k bafM;u jftLVªs'ku ,DV] 1866 ¼1866 dk 20 ;k bf.M;u jftLVªs'ku ,DV½ 1871 ¼1871 dk 8½ ;k bafM;u jftLVªs'ku ,sDV] 1877 ¼1877 ;k 3½ ;k ;g vfèkfu;e çorZu esa vk;k gS] vFkkZr %& ¼d½ ---------------- ¼[k½ vU; fuoZlh;rh fy[kr ftuls ;g rkRif;Zr g¨ ;k ftudk çorZu ,slk g¨ fd os LFkkoj lEifÙk ij ;k LFkkoj lEifÙk esa ,d l© :i;s ;k mlls vf/kd d¢ ewY; dk d¨Ã vfèkdkj] gd ;k fgr] pkgs og fufgr] pkgs lekfJr g¨] pkgs orZeku esa] pkgs Òfo"; esa l`"V] Ĩf"kr] leuqnsf'kr] ifjlhfer ;k fuokZfir djrh g¨^^] ¼x½ Òkjrh; lafonk vfèkfu;e 1872 dh èkkjk 23 fuEukuqlkj mn`r gS%& ^^djkj dk çfrQy ;k mís'; fofèkiw.kZ gS] flok; og fofèk }kjk fuf"k) g¨] vFkok og ,slh çÑfr dk g¨ fd ;fn og vuqKkr fd;k tk, r¨ og fdlh fofèk d¢ micaèk¨a d¨ foQy dj nsxk] vFkok og diViw.kZ g¨] vFkok mlesa fdlh vU; d¢ 'kjhj ;k lEifÙk d¨ {kfr vUroZfyr ;k foof{kr g¨] vFkok U;k;ky; mls vuSfrd ;k y¨duhfr d¢ fo#) ekusA bu n'kkv¨a esa ls gj ,d djkj dk çfrQy ;k mís'; fofèk&fo#) dgykrk gSA gj ,d djkj] ftldk mís'; ;k çfrQy fofèk&fo#) g¨] 'kwU; gSA^^ Åij dafMdk ¼d½ o ¼[k½ esa mYysf[kr fofèkd fl)kar¨a d¢ mYyaÄu d¢ dkj.k ç'ukèkhu foØ; Òkjrh; lafonk vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 23 varxZr fofèk&fo#) gS o ifj.kker% 'kwU; gSA ¼Ä½ lEifÙk dk varj.k vfèkfu;e] 1882 dh èkkjk 6 d¢ vuqlkj%& ^^d¨Ã Òh varj.k ¼1½ tgk¡ rd og rn~okjk ml fgr dh] ftl ij çÒko iM+k gS] çÑfr d¢ çfrdwy g¨] ;k Òkjrh; lafonk vfèkfu;e] dh èkkjk 23 d¢ vFkZ d¢ varxZr fdlh fofèk & fo#) mís'; ;k çfrQy d¢ fy, g¨] ,sls O;fä d¨] t¨ vUrfjrh g¨us ls fofèkr% fujfgZr g¨] ugÈ fd;k tk ldrk]^^ Åij dafMdk ¼d½] ¼[k½] o ¼x½ d¢ vkèkkj ij laifÙk dk varj.k vfèkfu;e] 1882 dh èkkjk 6 varxZr ç'ukèkhu e©f[kd iÍs d¢ vkèkkj ij laifÙk dk varj.k ugÈ fd;k tk ldrkA ¼M+½ Åij dafMdk ¼d½] ¼[k½] ¼x½ o ¼Ä½ d¢ vkèkkj ij ç'ukèkhu e©f[kd iÍk] varj.k dh n`f"V ls fofèk&fo#) o 'kwU; gSA 9- vkosnd vfèkäk }kjk ;g rdZ çLrqr fd;k x;k fd dysDVj }kjk iÍk fujLr djus dh dk;Zokgh] vfèkdre 180 fnol esa gh dh tk ldrh gS] tcfd bl çdj.k esa o"kZ 1999 d¢ ukekarj.k d¢ fo#) 10 1@2 o"kZ i'pkr 2010 esa dk;Zokgh dh xà gSA 9-1 ,sls çdj.k¨a esa Loeso dk;Zokgh dc çkjaÒ dh tk ldrh gS] bld¢ lacaèk esa 2010 jk- fu- 409 j.kohj flag o ,d vU; fo#) e-ç- 'kklu esa ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB }kjk foLr`r funsZ'k tkjh fd, x, gSaA mä d¢ vuqlkj] Loeso dk;Zokgh jktLo U;k;ky; }kjk dh xà voSèkkfudrk ;k vfu;ferrk dh tkudkjh çkIr g¨us d¢ vfèkdre 180 fnol esa djus dk çkoèkku fuEukuqlkj çfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %& ''That suo moto powers cn be exercised by the revisional authority envisaged under section 50 of the code within a period of 180 days from the date of the knowledge of illegality, improprlety and irregularity of the proceedings committed by any revenue officer subordinate to it even if the immovable property is Government land of having some public interest''. (Emphasis added) mäkuqlkj 180 fnu¨a dh fuèkkZfjr le; lhek fookfnr vkns'k ls ugÈ] vfirq ç'ukèkhu voSèkkfudrk ;k vfu;ferrk dh tkudkjh çkIr g¨us ls gSA ;g ;qfä;qä gh gS D;¨afd cgqèkk jktLo U;k;ky; }kjk voSèkkfudrk ;k vfu;ferrk lEcfUèkr jktLo vfèkdkjh }kjk tkucw> dj futh O;fä d¨ vuqfpr ykÒ igq¡pkus d¢ fy, dh tkrh gSA ,sls esa 180 fnol dh le; lhek voSèkkfudrk ;k vfu;ferrk ls ugÈ] vfirq voSèkkfudrk ;k vfu;ferrk dh tkudkjh çkIr djus ls gh g¨ ldrh gSA orZeku çdj.k esa voSèkkfudrk ;k vfu;ferrk dh tkudkjh dysDVj] ';¨iqj d¨ eq[; lfpo d¢ v)Z'kkldh; i= Øekad 242@eq-l-@ok- dj@04@Ò¨iky fnukad 16-8-2004 ls çkIr gqÃA mäkuqlkj laKku esa vkus ij tkudkjh fnukad ls 180 fnol d¢ fuèkkZfjr le; d¢ Òhrj fnukad 5-1-2005 d¨ vij dysDVj }kjk çdj.k iathc) fd;k x;k gSA pw¡fd çdj.k esa gqà voSèkkfudrk o vfu;ferrk d¢ rF; laKku esa vkus d¢ j.kohj flag o ,d vU; fo#) e-ç- 'kklu esa ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; dh [k.MihB }kjk fuèkkZfjr 180 fnol dh le; lhek d¢ Òhrj gh çdj.k esa dk;Zokgh dh xà gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa bl dk;Zokgh d¨ vuqfpr ugÈ dgk tk ldrkA 9-2 ekuuh; lo¨ZPp U;k;ky; ,oa ekuuh; eè;çns'k mPp U;k;ky; }kjk ;g fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd tc d¨Ã vkns'k void g¨] rc ml ij limitation ;k ifjlhek dk caèku ykxw ugÈ g¨rkA 9-3 bl lEcUèk esa èkqjaèkj çlkn flag fo#) t; çdk'k ;wfuoflZVh ,oa vU; (MANU/SC/0381/2001 : AIR 201 SC 2552) esa ekuuh; lo¨ZPp U;k;ky; }kjk void or voidable esa Òsn d¨ fuEukuqlkj Li"V fd;k x;k gS %& 16. The expressions 'void and voidable' have been subject matter of consideration before English Courts times without number. In the case of Durayappah v. Femando and others [1967] 2 All Eng. LR 152, the dissolution of municipal council by the minister was challenged. Question had arisen before the Privy Council as to whether a third party could challenge such a decision. It was held that if the decision was complete nullity, it could be challenged by anyone, anywhere. The Court observed at page 158 thus;- ''The answer must depend essentially on whether the order of the Minister was a complete nullity or whether it was an order voidable only at the election of the council. It was held that if the decision was complete nullity, it could be challenged by anyone, anywhere. The Court observed at page 158 thus;- ''The answer must depend essentially on whether the order of the Minister was a complete nullity or whether it was an order voidable only at the election of the council. If the former, it must folow that the council is still in office and that, if any councillor, ratepayer or other person having a legitimate interest in the conduct of the council likes to take the point, they are entitled to ask the court to declare that the council is still the duly elected council with all the powers and duties conferred on it by the Muncipal Ordinance.'' 17. In the case of In re McC. (A minor) [1985] 1 AC 528, the House of Lords followed the dictum of Lord Coke in the Marshal sea Case quoting a passage from the said judgment which was rendered in 1613 where it was laid down that where the whole proceeding is coram non judice which means void ab initio, the action will lie without any regard to the precept or process. The Court laid down at page 536 thus:- ''Consider two extremes of a very wide spectrum. Jurisdiction meant one thing to Lord Coke in 1613 when he said in the Marshalsea Case (1613) 10 Co. Rep. 68b : 'When a court has jurisdiction of the cause, and proceeds inverse ordinal or erroneously, there the party who sues, or the officer or minister of the court who executes the precept or process of the court no action lies against them. But whom the court has not jurisdiction of the cause, there the whole proceeding is coram no judice, and action will lie against them without any regard of the precept or process.'' The Court of the Marshalsea in that case acted without jurisdiction because, its jurisdictin being limited to members of the King's household, it entertained a suit between two citizens neither of whom was a member of the King's household. Arising out of those proceedings a party arrested ''by process of the Marshal sea'' could maintain an action for false imprisonment against, inter alias, ''the Marshal who directed the execution of the process.'' This is but an early and perhaps the most quoted example of the aplication of a principle illustrated by many later cases where the question whether a court or other tribunal of limited jurisdiction hs acted without jurisdiction (coram non judice) can be determined by considering whether at the outset of the procedings that Court had jurisdiction to entertain the proceedings at all. So much is implicit in the Lord Coke's phrase ''jurisdiction of the cause.'' ..... 20. De Smith, Woolf and Jowell in their treatise Judicial Review of Administrative Action, Fifth Edition, pargraph 5-004, has summarised the concept of void and voidable as follows : ''Behind the simple dichotomy of void and voidable acts (invalid and valid until declared to be invalid) lurk terminological and conceptual problems of excrudciating complexity. The problems arose from the premise that if ana act, order or decision is ultra vires in the sense of outside jurisdiction, it was said to be invalid, or null and void. If it is flawed by an error perpetrated within the area of authority or jurisdiction, it was usually said ato be voidable; that is, valid till set aside on appeal or in the past quashed by certiorari for error of law on the face of the record.'' ..... 22. Thus the expression ''void and voidable'' have been subject matter of consideration on innumerable occasions by courts. The expression ''void'' has several facets. One type of void acts. transactions, decrees are those which are wholly without jurisdiction, ab initio void and for avoiding the same no declaration is necessary, law does not take any notice of the same and it can be disregerded in collateral proceeding or othewise. The expression ''void'' has several facets. One type of void acts. transactions, decrees are those which are wholly without jurisdiction, ab initio void and for avoiding the same no declaration is necessary, law does not take any notice of the same and it can be disregerded in collateral proceeding or othewise. (Emphasis added) 9-4 ekuuh; lo¨ZPp U;k;ky; d¢ Åij mfYyf[kr vkns'k èkqjaèkj çlkn flag fo#) t; çdk'k ;wfuoflZVh ,oa vU; (MANU/SC/0381/2001 : AIR 2001 SC 1552) d¢ iSjk 17] 20] o 22 d¢ vuqlkj vxj {ks=kfèkdkj ls ckgj (outside jurisdiction) vkns'k ikfjr fd;k x;k gS] rc iw.kZ dk;Zokgh coram non sudice gS] v©j mäkuqlkj ultra vires or void ab initio gSA bl çdj.k esa Åij iSjk 6 esa mfYyf[kr vuqlkj] fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vkosnd i{k d¨ e©:lh Ñ"kd Ĩf"kr fd;k x;k v©j mä vkèkkj ij ÒwfeLokeh vfèkdkj Òh fn, x,] tcfd ;g jktLo U;k;ky; dh vfèkdkfjrk ugÈ Fkh] D;¨afd ;g vfèkdkj O;ogkj U;k;ky; esa fufgr gSA mäkuqlkj fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk vkns'k coram non judice o ifj.kker% ultra vires or void ab initio gSA 9-5 ekuuh; lo¨ZPp U;k;ky; d¢ Åij iSjk 9-3 esa mfYyf[kr vkns'k d¢ iSjk 16 d¢ vuqlkj void o 'kwU; vkns'k d¨ fdlh d¢ Òh }kjk dgÈ Òh pqu©rh nh tk ldrh gSA ekuuh; e-ç- mPp U;k;ky; }kjk èkesZUæ tkVo fo#) e-ç- 'kklu ,oa vU; (MANU/MP/0027/2021) esa fuEukuqlkj ;g U;kf;d fl)kar çfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS fd void vkns'k ij ifjlhek dk caèku ykxw ugÈ g¨rk %& 9. The primary question emerging from rival contentions advanced by learned senior counsels is to determine the character of sale dated 1.3.1994 in the eyes of law; void or voidable?. 10. The expressions ''void'' and ''voidable' have been subject matter of consideration on innumerable occasions by Courts. Law is now wesettled. A transaction from its very inception being in violation of law is a nullity and, therefore, void ab initio. As a matter of fact, a declaration in that behald is not required by a Court of law; whereas in contrast, a transaction which otherwise is good act in the eyes of law, unless; avoided is a voidable act, i.e, if a suit is filed for a declaration that a document is fraudulent and/or forged and fabricated and a party who alleges so is obliged to prove it; seeking a declaration in that behalf in a Court of law. In other words, where legal effect of a document cannot be taken away without setting aside the same, it cannot be treated to be void but would obviously be voidable [Judgment of Hon'ble supreme Court in the cases of Dhurandhar Prasd Sing v. Jai Prakash University and other, (2001) 6 SCC 534 relied upon.] De Smith, Woolf and jewell in their treatise judicial Review of Administrative Action fifth edition, paragraph 5-044, has summarised the concept of void and voidable as follows : ''Behind the Simple dichotomy of void and voidable acts (invalid and valid until declared to be invalid) lurk terminological and conceptuaal problems of excruciating complexity. The problems arose from the premise that if an act, order or decision is ultra vires in the sense of outside jurisdiction, it was said to be invalid, or null and void. If it is intra vires it was, of course, valid. If it is flawed by an error perpetrated within the area of authority or jurisdiction, it was usually said to be voidable; that is, valid till set aside on appeal or in the past quashed by certiorari for error of law on the face of the record.'' ....... The sale deed date 1.3.1994 since has been held to be void for which no declaration in that behalf is required from a Court of law, the question of limitation as ralsed by learned senor counsel for the respondent No. 5 is of no consequence and pales into insignificance. Hence, rejected. (Emphasis added) 9-6 ekuuh; eè;çns'k mPp U;k;ky; }kjk eqLrkd ckà fo#) LVsV Vªkali¨VZ vihykaV fVªC;wuy e-ç- Xokfy;j ,.M vkWxsZukbts'kul (MANU/MP.0007/1976): 1976 JLJ 18 ) esa fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd ;fn d¨Ã vkns'k vfèkdkfjrk&foghu gS] rc mld¢ lacaèk esa ifjlhek dk caèku ykxw ugÈ g¨xk %& ...... our finding that the order, dated 4.4.1972, passed by the State Transport Appellate Tribunal was without jurisdiction and that the Appellate Tribunal was bound to decide the question on merits, In this view of the matter, neither the question of limitation nor the question of delay arises and we cannot allow an order without jurisdiction to remain on record for a mere technicality. (Emphasi added) 9-7 bl çdj.k esa rglhynkj dk vkns'k {ks=kfèkdkj jfgr gS] ftldh foLr`r foospuk Åij iSjk 6 esa dh xà gSA tSlk fd Åij iSjk 9-2 esa Li"V fd;k x;k gS] bl dkj.k ls og vkns'k void gSA Åij iSjk 9-5 d¢ vuqlkj void vkns'k ij ifjlhek dk caèku ykxw ugÈ g¨rkA Åij iSjk 9-6 esa fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd vfèkdkfjrk&foghu vkns'k d¢ lacaèk esa ifjlhek dk caèku ykxw ugÈ g¨xkA bl dkj.k] fopkj.k U;k;ky; d¢ vkns'k d¢ fo#) Loeso fuxjkuh fd, tkus ij ifjlhek d¢ lacaèk esa fopkj fd, tkus dh vko';drk ugÈ gSA 10- Åij iSjk 6 esa fudkys x, fu"d"kZ vuqlkj jktLo U;k;ky; d¨ e©:lh Ñ"kd Ĩf"kr djus dk vfèkdkj ugÈ gSA iSjk 7 esa fudkys x, fu"d"kZ vuqlkj çfrdwy dCts d¢ lacaèk esa mfpr çdkj ls fu.kZ; fy;k x;k gSA iSjk 8 esa fudkys x, fu"d"kZ vuqlkj e©f[kd iÍs d¢ vkèkkj ij varj.k fd;k tkuk fofèk fo#) g¨us ls 'kwU; gSA iSjk 8 esa fudkys x, fu"d"kZ vuqlkj fdlh vkns'k esa gqà voSèkkfudrk dh tkudkjh fnukad ls 180 fnoly d¢ vanj Loeso fuxjkuh esa dk;Zokgh dh xà gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa vkosnd d¢ lacaèk esa vij dysDVj ,oa vij vk;qä }kjk fudkys x, fu"d"kZ lgh çrhr g¨rs gSaA vkosnd }kjk çLrqr fuxjkuh vkaf'kd :i ls fujLr dh tkrh gSA 11- vij dysDVj us vius vkns'k fnukad 20-3-2010 esa ;g fu"d"kZ Òh fudkyk gS fd uk;c rglhynkj d¢ le{k ewy ÒwfeLokeh Jh ctjaxk }kjk ç'ukèkhu Òwfe dk vkosnd d¢ gd dk ifjR;kx fd;k gS] blfy, e-ç- Òw&jktLo lafgrk] 1959 dh èkkjk 176 d¢ varxZr lqlaxr dk;Zokgh dh tk,A rn¨ijkar rglhy U;k;ky; }kjk vius vkns'k fnukad 31-10-2016 esa Li"V fu"d"kZ fudky x;k gS fd ç'ukèkhu Òwfe dk ifjR;kx fl) ugÈ g¨rk gSA vij dysDVj }kjk ewy ÒwfeLokeh Jh ctjaxk d¨ fcuk lquokà dk volj fn, mud¢ f[kykQ vkns'k fn;k x;k] t¨ uSlfxZd U;k; d¢ fl)kar d¢ f[kykQ gSA vij dysDVj d¨ ewy ÒwfeLokeh d¨ i{kdkj cukdj lquokà dk volj çnku djuk pkfg, FkkA 11-1 mij¨ä iSjk 11 dh foospuk d¢ vkèkkj ij ÒwfeLokeh Jh ctjaxk ekyh d¢ f[kykQ vij dysDVj ';¨iqj dk vkns'k fnukad 30-3-2010 ,oa vij vk;qä] pacy laÒkx dk vkns'k fnukad 8-7-2010 fujLr fd, tkdj fuxjkuh vkaf'kd :i ls Lohdkj dh tkrh gS rFkk çdj.k vij dysDVj d¨ bl funsZ'k d¢ lkFk çR;kofrZr fd;k tkrk gS fd os ÒwfeLokeh Jh ctjaxk ekyh d¨ fofèkor u¨fVl nsus d¢ ckn çdj.k esa tkap djsa fd ç'ukèkhu Òwfe iÍs ij çkIr Òwfe gS ;k ugÈA ;fn Òwfe iÍs ij çnku Òwfe gS] rc uhps iSjk 11-2 vuqlkj dk;Zokgh djs( ;fn Òwfe iÍs ij çkIr ugÈ gS] rc iSjk 11-3 vuqlkj dk;Zokgh djsaA 11-2 ekuuh; e-ç- mPp U;k;ky; }kjk MP No. 3452/2019 ¼jes'k pUæ fo#) fou¨n ÒkxZo½ esa ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 4-9-2019 esa fuEukuqlkj ;g fu"d"kZ fudky x;k gS fd] tgk¡ lafgrk dh èkkjk 165¼7&[k½ dk mYyaÄu dj iÍs ij çnk; Òwfe d¨ fcuk vuqefr d¢ foØ; fd;k x;k g¨] ogk¡ ;g Li"V gS fd iÍkèkkjh d¨ 'kkldh; Òwfe dh vko';drk ugÈ gS v©j mld¢ }kjk iÍs dk implied surrender fd;k x;k gSA laifÙk varj.k vfèkfu;e] 1882 dh èkkjk 111 varxZr bldk vk'k; ;g gS fd iÍs dk i;Zolku (determination) g¨ pqdk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa] iÍk fujLr dj 'kklu }kjk vU; mís'; gsrq Òwfe dk mi;¨x fd;k tk ldrk gSA '' ''Patta'' in respect of the Government land is granted under the Revenue Book Circular to a landless person, so that he can earn his livelihood. In view of Section 158 (3) of the MP Land Revenue Code, a ''Patta'' is granted to a landless person for his survival, therefore, he is governmed by the mandatory provisions of Section 165(7-b) of the MP Land Revenue Code. The grant of ''Patta'' is not by way of right, but it is by way of assistance by the Government, so that the landless persons who have no source of income, can earn their livelihood by cultivating the land. Therefore, the lessee is under obligation to fulfil the liabilities of lessee and since the Governmentr ''Patta'' is granted for his livelihood, therefore, the sale of the same without permission of the Collector has been prohibited under section 165(7-b) of the MP land Revenue Code. The Chhattisgarh High Court in the case of Smt. Vijayben Patel (supra), has held that the negative words which have been used, are indicative of the intention of the Legislature that the provision is mandatory in nature. Thus, where the statutory prohibition has been created thereby restraining the sale of the Government land, then it has to be followed in its strict sense because the said provision has been made in order to protect the poor and innocent landless persons from the clutches of the unscrupulous persons. In the present case, it is an admitted position that the petitioners have never challenged the sale deed dated 7.7.2005 alleging any fraud by Smt. Vidhyadevi. The petitioners are resisting the claim of the respondents No. 1 and 2 for getting their names muted only on the ground that since the sale deed was executed in violation of the provisions of Section 165(7-b) of the MP Land Revenue Code, therefore, the sale deed is void. Section 111 of the Transfer of Properrtly Act reads as under :- '' 111. Determination of lease. Section 111 of the Transfer of Properrtly Act reads as under :- '' 111. Determination of lease. --A lease of immoveable propertly determiness-- (a) by efflux of the time limited thereby; (b) where such time is limited conditionally on the happening of some event - by the happening of such event; (c) where the interest of the lessor in the property terminates on, or his power to dispose of the same extends only to, the happening of any event--by the happening or such event; (d) in case the interests of the lessee and the lessor in the whole of the property become vested at the same time in one person in the same right; (e) by express surrender; that is to say, in case the lessee yields up his interest under the lease to the lessor, by mutual agreement between them; (f) by implied surrender; (g) by forfeiture; that is to say, (1) in case the lessee breaks an express condition which provides that, on breach thereof, the lessor may re-enter [* * *]; or (2) in case the lessee renounces his character as such by setting up a title in a third person or by claiming title in himself; [or (3) the lessee is adjudicated an insolvent and the lease provides that the lessor may re-enter on the happening of such event]; and in [any of these cases] the lessor or his transferee [gives notice in writing to the lessee of] his intention to determine the lease; (h) on the expiration of a notice to determine the lease, or to quit, or of intention to quit, the property teased, duly given by one party to the other.'' The plain reading of above Section Would clearly indicate that if a lessee has impliedly surrendered the lease, then the lease granted in his favour, shall stand determined ''Patta'' of the Government land was given to the petitioners for their survival and earning livelihood and once, they had decided to part away the Government land by alienating the same to Smt. Vidhyadevi aftr receiving the consideration amount, then it is clear that the pettitioners are not in need of any Government land for their survival. Once the need of the lessee is over, he/they have decided to alienate the Government land, then it can be safely said that the lessee has impliedly surrendered the lease and, therefore, the lease granted in favour of the petitioners shall stand determined under section 111 of the Transfer of the Transfer of Propertly Act. Under these circumstances, the petitioner were under obligation to return the land back to the State Government, so that the State Government may utilize the same or further allot the same to other landless and needy persons. Once the need of the petitioners is over and once they hd decided to impliedly surrender the lease by alienating the land to private persons without obtaining prior permission of the Collector, then they are not entitled to continue in possession of land given by the Government of lease.'' 11-3 ;fn ç'ukèkhu Òwfe ewy ÒwfeLokeh Jh ctjaxk ekyh d¨ iÍs ij çnk; Òwfe ugÈ gS] r¨ ÒwfeLokeh Jh ctjaxk ekyh o mudh e`R;q g¨ tkus dh fLFkfr esa] mud¢ okfjl¨a d¢ gd esa ç'ukèkhu Òwfe dk baækt djkus dh dk;Zokgh djsaA 12- mij¨ä iSjk 6 ls 10 d¢ vuqlkj vkosnd }kjk pkgs x, gd d¢ lacaèk esa fuxjkuh fujLr dh tkrh gSA mij¨ä iSjk 11 d¢ vuqlkj ç'ukèkhu Òwfe ij ewy ÒwfeLokeh d¢ gd d¢ lacaèk esa fuxjkuh Lohdkj dh tkrh gSA