JUDGMENT : N. Kotiswar Singh, J. Heard Mr. P.K. Munir, learned amicus curiae in Crl.A.(J) No.72/2018; Ms. S. Kanungoe, learned amicus curiae in Crl.A.(J) No.71/2018; Mr. A.K. Bhuyan, learned counsel for the appellant in Crl.A.No.322/2019 and Mr. D. Das, learned Additional Public Prosecutor, Assam, appearing for the State. 2. The present appeals arise out of the order of judgment dated 24.07.2018 and order on quantum of sentence dated 01.08.2018 passed by the learned Additional District & Sessions Judge, FTC, Hojai, Sankardev Nagar, in Sessions Case No.70(N)/2017 by which the appellants Salim Uddin @ Salim and Moinul Haque were convicted for rape and murder. The appellant Moinul Haque was convicted for the offences punishable under Sections 201/302/376A of the IPC and awarded death sentence for the offence committed under Section 302/376A of the IPC and Salim Uddin @ Salim was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for 5 (five)years and a fine of Rs.10,000/-(Rupees ten thousand) only for the offence under Section 201 IPC, in default to undergo simple imprisonment 3(three) months and for the offence under Section 302 IPC, he was sentenced to undergo rigorouos imprisonment for life and a fine of Rs.20,000/- only, in default to undergo simple imprisonment for 5(five) months in addition, and it was directed that the sentence of imprisonments shall run concurrently. 3. The genesis of the case can be traced to the ezahar lodged by one Bimal Bora, the husband of the deceased on 31.05.2017 stating that his wife was serving as the Headmistress of the Changjurai Elachi Deuri L.P. School of Jamunamukh area on the North bank of Kopili river, and he was informed by one Tarun Bordoloi over phone that the bag of his wife was lying on the bank of the river and her whereabouts was not known, and later he got the information that a dead body was found floating at some distance downstream the river, which was suspected to be of his wife, whereupon, he proceeded to the place of recovery of the dead body and identified it to be his wife. He then filed the complaint. 4. Based on the aforesaid complaint lodged, the police made G.D. Entry being Jamunamukh P.S. GDE No.493 dated 31.05.2017 and thereafter, the FIR was registered vide Jamunamukh P.S. Case No.52/2017 under Section 302/201 IPC and investigation was launched. He then filed the complaint. 4. Based on the aforesaid complaint lodged, the police made G.D. Entry being Jamunamukh P.S. GDE No.493 dated 31.05.2017 and thereafter, the FIR was registered vide Jamunamukh P.S. Case No.52/2017 under Section 302/201 IPC and investigation was launched. The police after conducting necessary investigation and recording of evidence of relevant witnesses charged two persons, namely, Moinul Haque and Salim Uddin of committing offences punishable under Section 302/34 IPC, 201/34 IPC and 376A/34 IPC. The Trial Court after taking cognizance framed charge against the aforesaid two persons. In the trial both of them pleaded not guilty. 5. In course of the trial, the Prosecution examined as many as 19(nineteen) witnesses. The defence examined 3(three) witnesses in their defence. The accused were examined under Section 313 of Cr.P.C. in which they denied all the allegations and incriminating materials which came up in course of the trial and took the plea that they were innocent and they were ignorant of the said crime. 6. The learned Additional District & Sessions Judge, FTC, Hojai, Sankardev Nagar, after appreciating the evidence on record held that the charges against the accused Moinul Haque under aforesaid Sections 302/201/376A IPC were proved beyond reasonable doubt and sentenced him to death considering the heinousness of the offence proved against him and the other accused Salim Uddin was convicted under Section 201/302 IPC and was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for life without the benefit of parole or remission. 7. It is in respect of the capital punishment awarded to Moinul Haque that a reference was made as required under the law under Section 366 of Cr.P.C. in Death Reference No.1 of 2018 which has been disposed of on 19.12.2022 setting aside the death penalty and directing that appropriate punishment in resepct of Moinul Haque will be considered in the other remaining appeal vz. Crl. Appeal (J) No.72/2018. 8. We are, accordingly, proceeding to dispose of the appeal preferred by Moinul Haque, Crl.A.(J) No.72/2018 and another by Salim Uddin, the other co-accused, registered as Crl.A.(J) No.71/2018. 9. Crl. Appeal (J) No.72/2018. 8. We are, accordingly, proceeding to dispose of the appeal preferred by Moinul Haque, Crl.A.(J) No.72/2018 and another by Salim Uddin, the other co-accused, registered as Crl.A.(J) No.71/2018. 9. We have also noted that the complainant Bimal Bora, the husband of the deceased, filed an appeal registered as Crl.A.No.322/2019, for enhancement of the sentence of Salim Uddin to that of capital punishment as awarded to Moinul Haque on the plea that they were involved in the same incident and were equally responsible for the gruesome rape and death of the deceased and hence should be given the same penalty of capital punishment as given to Moinul Haque on the principle of parity. 10. For considering these appeals, we will briefly refer to the evidences adduced by the Prosecution and the defence. 11. Shri Tarun Bordoloi is one of the co-villagers, who was examined by the Prosecution as PW-1, who stated that he was informed by the Officer-in-Charge of the Jamunamukh Police Station over phone that he along with the village headman (Bimal Bora) should go to the place where the deceased was murdered and accordingly, went there, which was about 1 km away. There, the accused Moinul Haque was brought in a police vehicle and they were informed by the police that they had come to the place to seize an umbrella as disclosed by the accused Moinul and they were required to be present there as witnesses. Thereafter, the accused Moinul Haque brought out an umbrella from inside a bush and handed over it to the police in their presence, whereupon the police seized the umbrella and the seizure list was prepared in the vehicle to which PW1 put his signature and he proved the said seizure list and his signature in the Court. PW1 also stated that Moinul confessed in their presence that he had killed the deceased woman and he committed the said offence along with Salim Uddin. The said PW-1 further stated that he informed the police and Bimal Bora, the husband of the deceased about the murder of of his wife committed on 31.05.2017. He also informed Bimal Bora that the bag belonging to his wife had been found by some boys and that the same was handed over by the boys to Tilomai Bordoloi (PW-5), a cook of the school. He also informed Bimal Bora that the bag belonging to his wife had been found by some boys and that the same was handed over by the boys to Tilomai Bordoloi (PW-5), a cook of the school. He also testified that on being produced by Tilomai Bordoloi, the police seized the bag on that day itself in their presence, whereupon he put his signature in the seizure list as a witness to the seizure of the bag. He also stated that a pair of gold bangles, a pair gold earrings, school stamp pad, one diary, one handkerchief and a small box used for keeping betel nut were found inside the bag. He stated that he made a statement before the Magistrate, which was exhibited as Exhibit-3 and he proved the same in course of the trial. Exhibit-1 is the seizure list in respect of the umbrella seized, Exhibit-2, the seizure list of the bag of the deceased and Exhibit-3 is the statement recorded under Section 164 of Cr.P.C. of the PW-1 before the Magistrate which were proved by PW1. 12. In the cross-examination of the PW1, he narrated the manner in which the umbrella was recovered. He stated that after making Moinul get off the vehicle, the police made him proceed on foot for about 2 minutes and near a garden of teak trees the umbrella was found. He denied the suggestions that Moinul did not confess to have committed the crime and that when the umbrella was recovered, the police did not bring Moinul to the place of occurrence and that Moinul did not show any umbrella. He also denied that he did not see any umbrella in the court on that day as no umbrella was recovered. From the above, it is apparent that PW-1 was a witness to the seizure of the incriminating article which was recovered at the instance of the accused, Moinul Haque, namely the umbrella. He was also the witness to the seizuer of other articles belonging to the deceased woman. 13. PW-2 is one Pulak Medhi, a young boy of about 9 years who had seen one woman being assaulted nearby with an umbrella while he was playing with his friend one Bupmoni (PW-3) near their house. After they saw the incident, they went there and heard the scream 'I am dying, I am dying'. 13. PW-2 is one Pulak Medhi, a young boy of about 9 years who had seen one woman being assaulted nearby with an umbrella while he was playing with his friend one Bupmoni (PW-3) near their house. After they saw the incident, they went there and heard the scream 'I am dying, I am dying'. He also stated that his friend Bupmoni (PW-3) recognized the person though he himself could not recognize him. 14. PW-3, Bupmoni Laskar aged about 7 years was the friend of the PW-2 who also testified that while they were playing they saw a person assaulting a woman with an umbrella and they went there to have a look after hearing the sound of someone being assaulted. He stated that on returning home, he informed his father about the incident and also that the person who was assaulting the woman was Salim. He stated that he knew him as the said Salim had come to his house occasionally and he told the police also that he could identify the person, and he identified the person (appellant Salim) in the Court who had assaulted the woman. He was duly cross-examined though nothing adverse could be elicited by the defence. The Court also made some queries about his school and the name of his father. 15. The next witness examined was one Dr. Bhupen Ch. Bora as PW-4, who conducted the post-mortem examination on the dead body of the deceased woman. He found the following injuries on the dead body:- “Rigor-moties present. Blood oozes from nostrils. (1) One bite marks (Human) about 1” and 1/2” x 1” resulting in an imprint abrasion on the left side of fact. (2) One semi circular bruise about 1” and 1/2” x 1” over right side of fact. (3) Swelling of left eyelids with black eye. (4) Presence of bruise along the lower margin of mandible & both side of upper side neck. (5) Small multiple bruises and abrasions on the region of nose, mouth and face. (6) Small laceration in the left side of lower lip. (7) Small bruise on inner side of left thigh near vulva abrasions about 1/2” x 1/2” on left uretural opening. Other organ were congested. The injuries described are ante-mortem in nature. Swab taken for examination for presence of spermatozoa. Pathological report enclosed. (6) Small laceration in the left side of lower lip. (7) Small bruise on inner side of left thigh near vulva abrasions about 1/2” x 1/2” on left uretural opening. Other organ were congested. The injuries described are ante-mortem in nature. Swab taken for examination for presence of spermatozoa. Pathological report enclosed. In my opinion death was due to Asphyxia as a result of suffocation, which was ante-mortem in nature.” 16. The next witness examined was Smt. Tilu Bordoloi (PW-5), who was acquainted with the complainant Bimal Bora. He knew the deceased woman as the Headmistress of her school. She also stated that she knew both the accused persons but did not know their names. She testified that on the day of the incident she was sleeping as she was not well. At that time three boys namely, Dhiraj (PW-12), Lohit and Anku, who had found a bag, brought it to her and there were bangles, earrings, stamp and a pouch containing betel nut inside the bag. She recognized the bag to be of the deceased woman. Later on the police came, and seized the bag along with the said articles and she had put her signature in the seizure list prepared, which was exhibited as Exhibit-2. She identified and proved the said seizure list along with her signature and the articles seized, namely, the bag, bangles, earrings, stamp pad, diary, handkerchief and box containing betel nut inside the bag, which she clearly identified as those belonging to the deceased woman. She stated that later on she came to know that someone had killed victim woman. 17. The next witness examined was Kanpai Bordoloi (PW-6), who is a Government Gaonburah. He deposed that he knew the complainant Bimal Bora as well as the deceased, who was a teacher in a L.P. School of the village and he also stated that he knew both the two accused persons who were residents of Kahar gaon. He stated that at about 9/9.30 p.m. on 14.06.2017 the Officer-in-Charge of the Jamunamukh Police Station made a phone call to the VDP Secretary Tarun Bordoloi and himself to proceed to the place of occurrence where they went by riding bicycle. He stated that at about 9/9.30 p.m. on 14.06.2017 the Officer-in-Charge of the Jamunamukh Police Station made a phone call to the VDP Secretary Tarun Bordoloi and himself to proceed to the place of occurrence where they went by riding bicycle. Thereafter the police personnel from Jamunamukh Police Station also arrived at the place of occurrence and when they asked as to why they were called there, the police informed that the accused had confessed to have committed the crime and one of the accused Moinul Haque was along with the police. Thereafter, as shown by the said accused Moinul, the police recovered one umbrella from under the bush and seized the same in their presence. A seizure list was prepared which was exhibited as Exhibit-1 and the signatures put by the witness (PW6) was also proved as well as the signature put by the accused in the seizure list. He also gave a statement before the Magistrate under Section 164 Cr.P.C. which was exhibited as Exhibit-5 and was duly proved by him before the Court. He also stated that while proceeding to recover the umbrella, Moinul Haque confessed to have committed the offence. He was duly cross-examined and denied the suggestion made that he did not state before the police that the police had asked him to come at the place of occurrence. He also denied that the umbrella was not recovered as shown by the accused Moinul and that he did not confess to have committed the incident. 18. The next witness examined was Arun Bora as PW-7, who knew both the complainant and the deceased. He also stated that he knew the accused persons. He is the Headmaster of Gor Ali L.P. School. He stated that while returning home on 31.05.2017 he learnt that someone had killed the deceased woman, who was a teacher in Elachi Deori L.P. School and on the next day on 01.06.2017 when he went to his school he heard that two students of the school, namely, Bupmoni Laskar (PW3) and Pulak Medhi (PW2), who had gone to play on the day of occurrence, had seen the victim woman being dragged and assaulted. Later on, the police came and interrogated the two boys in his presence. Later on, the police came and interrogated the two boys in his presence. When the police showed a photo of a person in a mobile phone, he was identified to be one who had assaulted victim woman and the two boys mentioned the name of Salim. He also made a statement before the Magistrate under Section 164 Cr.P.C., which was exhibited as Exhibit-6 and he proved the said exhibit and his signature thereon. He was also duly cross-examined about the questioning by the police of the two boys and also about the identification of the photo as that of Salim in his presence. In the cross-examination, the said PW-7 stated that the two boys had mentioned the name of the murderer before they were shown the photo and the identification of the person was done after the photo was shown. 19. The next witness examined was one Biju Nath as PW-8. He stated that he knew the complainant Bimal Bora and both the accused persons. He stated that he did not know the deceased woman. He stated that at about 2.30/3.00 P.M., on 31.05.2017 while he was coming from Kampur to Jamunamukh by driving one EON vehicle, he met the accused Salim Uddin near Kahargaon. He was seen walking by the middle of the road. When PW8 honked the horn of his vehicle, he did not allow his vehicle to pass by and he looked askance at him and was in an angry mood. He then assumed that the said Salim Uddin was under the influence of intoxicants. PW-8 then proceeded to drive his vehicle past him and went to Jamunamukh. PW-8 stated that on the next day, he saw the photo of Salim Uddin on T.V. and understood that he had met him near the place where the incident had taken place. It was broadcast on T.V. that the incident had taken place at the said place. Later on the police questioned him and brought him to the Court to record his statement. After recording his statement, police took him to the place of occurrence again which was video recorded. In the cross-examination, PW-8 stated that there were some 25/26 persons along with the accused who were made to stand at jail for T.I.P. He stated that though he recognized Salim,he could not identify him. After recording his statement, police took him to the place of occurrence again which was video recorded. In the cross-examination, PW-8 stated that there were some 25/26 persons along with the accused who were made to stand at jail for T.I.P. He stated that though he recognized Salim,he could not identify him. He stated that he did not say that he could not identify him as he was scared. He stated that on the day of occurrence, he met the accused in the eastern side of Sanjurai reserve. He also told his companion Subhash Nath at his house that he had met Salim. PW-8 denied that he did not mention about meeting Selim on the road in the statement recorded before the Magistrate and about the honking of his vehicle on the road and about his looking at him angrily. He also denied that he did not recognize Salim during the T.I.P. 20. The next witness examined was Smt. Kalpana Medhi, PW-9. She is the mother of Pulak Medhi who informed her one day at about 3.00 P.M. about 6(six) months ago that he had seen one person assaulting a woman under a hog plum tree. Later on she came to know that the victim woman had been killed. During the cross-examination, PW-9 stated that she did not hear as to who had assaulted the victim woman. She, however, recognized the accused persons as they hailed from her village. 21. The next witness examined was Rupa Bordoloi, PW-10. She knew the complainant, his wife as well as the two accused Moinul and Salim Uddin. She stated that about 6(six) months ago, at about 12-30/1 P.M., while she was at her house, Monu @ Moinul came to their house and asked liquor from her. After giving liquor, she was wearing clothes in the rear veranda of her house. She further stated that though she asked Moinul to sit somewhere else, he came and sat near her and on seeing the expression in his eyes, she got frightened and came out to the front side of their house. There again, the accused Moinul came. By then her mother Bina Bordoloi came to her house and as she opened the door, Moinul too entered the house and sat near the door. He also talked with his mother. Thereafter, her mother-in-law had also arrived there and Moinul went out. There again, the accused Moinul came. By then her mother Bina Bordoloi came to her house and as she opened the door, Moinul too entered the house and sat near the door. He also talked with his mother. Thereafter, her mother-in-law had also arrived there and Moinul went out. While leaving, Moinul stated that he would consume liquor and dendrite again and only then his heart would be satisfied. PW-10 stated that in the evening, she heard that the victim woman had been killed and she saw in the T.V. that the two accused had killed her. Thereafter, she was brought to the Court for recording of her statement which was proved by her. During the cross-examination, PW-10 stated that apart from informing the police and the Magistrate about coming of Moinul in her house and asking for liquor to drink, she did not mention about the incident to any other person. PW-10 denied that while giving statement before the Magistrate, she did not state when Moinul had come to her house about her giving him liquor. She also denied that Moinul did not visit her house on that day. 22. The next witness examined was Sri Jagat Bordoloi, PW-11, who stated that he knew the complainant, his wife as well as the accused Moinul, but he did not know the other accused. He deposed that at about 1-30 P.M., about 6(six) months ago, he saw Moinul at the gateway of his house and was playing with his mobile phone by throwing it here and there and trying to lift it through his foot. On seeing that, he told Moinul that if he wished to break the mobile, he could do it by thrashing it against a tree. After chatting with him, PW-11 went to his house. He stated that Moinul went towards his house through the road. Later, the police took him to the Court for recording his statement which was exhibited as Exhibit-9 and proved by him (PW-11). PW-11 also stated that at around 3 O’clock in the afternoon he heard that the victim woman had been murdered and it was telecasted that Moinul and Salim Uddin had killed her. He also stated that when he met Moinul, he was in a drunken state. PW-11 also stated that at around 3 O’clock in the afternoon he heard that the victim woman had been murdered and it was telecasted that Moinul and Salim Uddin had killed her. He also stated that when he met Moinul, he was in a drunken state. In the cross-examination, PW-11 stated that he did not tell anybody that he had met Moinul before telling the same to the police and in the Court. He also denied certain suggestions made by the defence. 23. The next witness examined was Sri Dhiraj Bordoloi, PW-12. He stated that he knew both the complainant Bimal Bora and his deceased wife. He stated that at about 3 p.m. on 31.05.2017, he along with his friends, Ankur Bora and Lohit Bordoloi had gone to Kopili river to take bath. Then he saw a bag floating along the river. On opening the bag, they found a diary where victim madam’s name was written and there was a photo. After a short while, they also saw something like a dead body floating and when they asked the fisherman to look at that, he told them that it was a gunny bag. They then took the bag along and showed the bag to the cook of the school Tilo Bordoloi and asked her whether the bag belonged to victim Madam. Then the cook sent them again to the Kapili river to see what the floating item was as they told her that something like human body was floating in the river. Then they came to the river and got the dead body turned over by the boatman Ram Kaka which they recognized to be victim woman’s dead body. Thereafter, they lifted the dead body to the bank. PW-12 also stated that police examined him and took him to the Court for recording his statement (under Section 164 of Cr.P.C.) which was exhibited as Exhibit-10 and was proved by him. He also stated that later on they heard that Moinul and Salim had killed the victim woman. 24. The next witness examined was Sri Ram Millik, PW-13, who was the boatman. He stated that at about 3/3-30 p.m. on the day of incident he was waiting at the Jamunamukh side of river Kopili with his boat. Three boys came there and told him that a white coloured object was floating along the river and asked him to look for it. He stated that at about 3/3-30 p.m. on the day of incident he was waiting at the Jamunamukh side of river Kopili with his boat. Three boys came there and told him that a white coloured object was floating along the river and asked him to look for it. He then along with the boys went to the mid-stream and found it to be a dead body. The three boys brought the dead body to the river bank. Later he came to know that the dead woman was Bimal Bora’s wife. The police produced him at the Court for recording his statement (under Section 164 of Cr.P.C.) which was exhibited as Exhibit-11, which he duly proved before the Court. 25. The next witness examined was Smt. Bina Bordoloi, PW-14. She stated that at about 1/1-30 p.m. about 6(six) months ago, after fetching some vegetables from the market, she went to her daughter Rupa Bordoloi’s house to give the same. At that time, she found the accused Moinul consuming liquor in the veranda of her daughter’s house and her daughter was sitting outside. As soon as she (her daughter) opened the door, Moinul took a chair and sat in front of the door. Thereafter, Moinul took a betel nut from her. She also stated that Moinul consumed more liquor and exclaimed that if died, his body would suffer and his soul would drift around. 26. The next witness examined was Sri Mukuta Bora, PW-15. He stated that he knew the complainant and his deceased wife and both the accused persons. He stated that at about 2-30 P.M. on 12.06.2017, while he and Pankaj Bora were coming from Kampur to Jamunamukh riding a motorcycle, police were present at the spot where victim woman had been killed. He saw Salim Uddin with the police. Police enquired from them as to whether they knew Salim Uddin. At that time, the police told them that they were conducting investigation in connection with the victim woman’s murder and on being led and shown by Salim, the police recovered and seized one Vicks Inhaler cover, one half smoked butt of a bidi and an empty packet of bidi of Kissan brand. He attached his signature to the seizure list prepared for the said articles and he identified the seized articles in the Court. 27. The next witness examined was Pankaj Bora, PW-16. He attached his signature to the seizure list prepared for the said articles and he identified the seized articles in the Court. 27. The next witness examined was Pankaj Bora, PW-16. He stated that he knew the informant as well as his deceased wife and the two accused persons. He stated that on 12.06.2017, at about 2.30 P.M. he along with his friend, Mukuta Bora were coming from Kampur to Jamunamukh. Then, near the place of occurrence, the police stopped them and asked to stay with them for a survey. At that time, the accused Salim Uddin was present with the police. He was also the witness to the seizure of bidi packets, cover of Vicks inhaler and put his signature to the seizure list. He was cross-examined in detail about his presence there when the seizure was made and about the manner in which the seizure was made. 28. The next witness examined was Bimal Bora, PW-17. He is the informant of case. He stated that on 31.05.2017, at about 4 P.M. he received a phone call from one Tarun Bordoloi who informed him that one bag of his wife was recovered from the Kopili river. He then immediately rushed towards Sangjuri with his scooty. At first he reached the Garukhunda Parghat and asked the boatman whether his wife had crossed the river from that ghat. He replied in the negative. While riding his scooty, Tarun called him again and informed that a dead body had been recovered from Borsung ghat where he rushed and saw the dead body of his wife. Tarun informed him that he had informed the police but police had not arrived. PW17 then took the phone number of Jamunamukh Police Station O/C and called him. After some time, the police arrived there, and about 2000 to 2500 people had gathered there. The people were in search of the place of occurrence which was subsequently found about 3 K.M. east from the spot of recovery of the dead body where the public took the police. At about 8:30 P.M. they brought the dead body to the Police Station and his statement was recorded along with Tarun Bordoloi. He stated that as he (PW-17) was exhausted, his nephew Kalyanjit had written the F.I.R. and after reading the same, he put his signature. At about 8:30 P.M. they brought the dead body to the Police Station and his statement was recorded along with Tarun Bordoloi. He stated that as he (PW-17) was exhausted, his nephew Kalyanjit had written the F.I.R. and after reading the same, he put his signature. He stated that on the day of occurrence, at about 9:30 A.M., he had gone to Jamunamukh to attend the Electricity Office along with Tarun Bordoloi for electricity connection of Elachi Deori L.P. School. But as the application was not properly prepared, he went to the rented house of Jamunamukh and at around 4 P.M., he received a phone call from Tarun Bordoloi. He stated that on 15.06.2017, he was informed by the O/C of Jamunamukh Police Station that the umbrella used by his wife had been recovered and was asked to come to the Police Station to identify the same. On reaching the Police Station, he identified the recovered umbrella of his wife and the handle was found to be broken. He also stated that his statement was recorded before the Magistrate under Section 164 of Cr.P.C. which was exhibited as Exhibit-15 and was proved by him. He stated later on that he came to know from the public that the two accused Moinul and Salim were involved in the murder of his wife. 29. The next witness examined was Anusuya Sharma, PW-18, who was working as the Circle Officer at Doboka Revenue Circle. She conducted the inquest of the dead body of the deceased. She described the injuries on the dead body as follows : “Description of dead body :-Mouth slightly opened. Black long hair. Eyes were closed. Left eye swollen. Dress black. Half opened blouse and white bra. Black & white sadar, brown mekhala, yellow petikot. Description injuries found on the dead body :-Two rounded blackish circle in both side of face with bruishes. Swollen left eye with blackish mark. Reddish mark on neck. Injury in private part :- Injury seen near vagina. The body was strife.” She also testified about the statement made by Biju Nath about seeing the accused Salim Uddin on the day of murder while coming in his car on the road which was video recorded. 30. The next witness examined was Abhishek Bodo, PW-19, the Officer-in-Charge of Jamunamukh Police Station who mentioned about the investigation of the case on receiving the information about the crime. 30. The next witness examined was Abhishek Bodo, PW-19, the Officer-in-Charge of Jamunamukh Police Station who mentioned about the investigation of the case on receiving the information about the crime. He also testified about the recovery of the dead body from the river and various steps taken for conducting the inquest and post-mortem examination on the dead body. He also examined the witnesses who gave vital clues about the commission of the crime. He also mentioned about the statement given by witness Bupmoni Laskar (PW3) of having witnessed the accused Salim Uddin assaulting the victim on the day of occurrence. He also mentioned about the steps taken to record the statements of the witnesses under Section 164 of Cr.P.C. as the witnesses apprehended threat from accused persons in future. He also mentioned about the arrest of the accused Moinul from his house. He also narrated about the statement given by the accused Salim of his encounter with the deceased leading to a fight and subsequent sexual assault on her and throwing her dead body on the river. He also mentioned about the recovery of the umbrella of the deceased at the instance of Moinul Haque in presence of the Gaonbura and the VDP Secretary. He also mentioned about the T.I.P. conducted at the Nagaon Jail and failure of the witness Biju Nath to identify the accused Salim Uddin as he was fearful of revenge in future from the accused Salim Uddin. The I.O. was subjected to a thorough cross-examination by the defence on many aspects of the investigation of which we will make a reference at the appropriate stage. 31. Having referred to the salient features of the evidence of the prosecution witnesses as mentioned above, we would like to examine the evidence of defence witnesses. 32. The accused Salim Uddin examined himself as DW-1, and denied any knowledge of the incident claiming that he was a daily wage earner and on the day of occurrence, he was working at Kathiyapam village from where he was arrested by police. In the cross-examination, the said accused Salim Uddin, however, admitted knowing Simanta Laskar, the father of PW-3. Thus, from the evidence, it appears that he was well acquainted with the father of PW3. He also admitted that he had known other accused Moinul Haque since his childhood. In the cross-examination, the said accused Salim Uddin, however, admitted knowing Simanta Laskar, the father of PW-3. Thus, from the evidence, it appears that he was well acquainted with the father of PW3. He also admitted that he had known other accused Moinul Haque since his childhood. Thus, that the two accused were known to each other is admitted by the accused Salim Uddin. He also admitted that he knew the deceased woman who was a school teacher of Elachi Deori L.P. School who used to come from the other side of the Kopili river. Though he admitted to the use of ganjaand consumption of bidi, he, of course, denied the seizure of one cover of Vicks inhaler, one half smoked butt of bidi and one empty packet of Kissan bidi etc. from the place of occurrence. He, however, denied that he along with Moinul had assaulted the deceased. He admitted that he knew that the accused Moinul used to consume alcohol and dendrite. 33. The next defence witness examined was Sabina Begum (DW-2) who was a member of Bandhan Gut. According to her, the wife of accused Sallim Uddin was also a member of the Society. She testified that on the day of occurrence, while she was coming from the meeting of Bandhan Gut on the way, she saw the accused Salim getting down from an auto from the roadside. 34. The third defence witness examined was Tarija Begum, DW3 who knew the accused Salim Uddin as they belonged to same village. She stated that she knew nothing about the occurrence committed by the accused persons. 35. In the statement recorded under Section 313 Cr.P.C., all the accused persons denied all the incriminating materials which were brought on record in course of trial. Thus, the plea of both the accused was of plain denial and lack of knowledge of the incident. 36. From the above, what transpires is that there was no eye witness as to the actual incident of rape and killing, though there is evidence to the effect that before the death of the deceased, she was seen assaulted by one of the accused, namely, Salim Uddin. There is also clear evidence to the effect that she was seen being assaulted with an umbrella by Salim by two children who were examined, PW2 and PW3. There is also clear evidence to the effect that she was seen being assaulted with an umbrella by Salim by two children who were examined, PW2 and PW3. Thus, the case of prosecution is based on circumstantial evidences and primarily based on the evidence of the deceased seen being assaulted prior to the incident as last seen by these two witnesses, PW2 and PW3. There is also evidence about recovery of certain incriminating articles, namely, bidi, umbrella etc. There is also evidence of recovery of the umbrella at the instance of one of the accused, Moinul Haque. There is also evidence of sexual as well as physical assault including near the private parts of the deceased as indicated by the inquest as well as post-mortem report. 37. Mr. D. Das, learned Additional Public Prosecutor submits that there are two very crucial witnesses, namely, PW-2 and PW-3, both whom are children, who had witnessed the victim being beaten by accused Salim whose evidene had not been shaken, which provides the clue to the unfolding of the unfortunate episode. 38. It has been submitted that PW-3 had specifically mentioned the presence of Salim near the place of occurrence and was seen assaulting the deceased with an umbrella before the incident occurred. It has been also admitted by the appellant Salim when he examined himself as DW-1 that he knew the father of PW-3. Thus, the evidence of the child witness PW-3 that he could identify the accused Salim is highly credible as the appellant Salim himself had acknowledged that his (PW3's) father knew him. It has been further submitted that PW-1 Tarun Bordoloi had proved the discovery of the umbrella belonging to the deceased at the instance of Moinul. Though the said Moinul was not seen or identified by the child witnesses, his role in the crime become evident after he identified the umbrella which was used by the other accused Salim to assault the victim as witnessed by PW-2 and PW-3. According to the Prosecution, there is no reason why the evidence of these child witnesses which otherwise are found to be credible ought not to be relied upon to establish the role of both the accused in the commission of the crime. According to the Prosecution, there is no reason why the evidence of these child witnesses which otherwise are found to be credible ought not to be relied upon to establish the role of both the accused in the commission of the crime. It has been submitted that it is the critical piece of evidence that the victim was seen being assaulted with an umbrella by Salim and the same umbrella was discovered at the instance of the other accused Moinul which clearly link and implicate both the accused in the crime. 39. It has been submitted that the role of Moinul is clearly corroborated by extra-judicial confession made by him in presence of PW-1. The fact that the said umbrella was recovered at the instance of Moinul has been fully corroborated by PW-6, who was a witness to the recovery of the umbrella. It has been submitted that PW-7, the Headmaster of Gor Ali L.P. School, also had testified that when he went to the school on the following day of the incident i.e. on 01.06.2017, he heard that the two boys, namely, Bupmoni Laskar (PW-3) and Pulak Medhi (PW-2) had gone to play on the day of occurrence and had seen the deceased being dragged and assaulted. He also testified that the police had come to the school during the investigation where both the boys were questioned by the police and while recording the statements of the said two students he was present. He also stated that the police showed a photo of a person in a mobile phone who was identified to be one of the assailants as Salim by the students. Thus, it has been submitted that PW-7 corroborates the testimony of PW-2 and PW-3 that the deceased was assaulted by Salim before her dead body was recovered soon after it. 40. It has been submitted that as the accused Salim was involved in the crime, his behaviour was unnatural which was also noted by PW-8, while he was coming in his vehicle (Eon), who testified that while driving he saw the accused Salim walking in the middle of the road and ignored his honking and when asked to step aside to allow him to pass by, he looked disturbed and in an angry mood, and PW8 assumed that he was under influence of intoxicants. The said witness PW-8 also testified that on the following day the incident was broadcast in the TV whereupon he realised that he met the said accused at the place where the incident had taken place. Thus, it has been submitted by learned Additional P.P. that it would confirm the presence of the accused Salim at the place of occurrence when the incident occurred i.e. when he met him on the road at around 2.30-3 P.M. of 31.05.2017 when the incident occurred. 41. Learned Additional P.P. submits that PW-10, her mother PW14 also confirmed the presence of Moinul in the village on the day of occurrence when he went to the house of PW10 for consuming liquor. 42. Similarly, PW-9, the mother of PW-2, testified about the incident of assault of the deceased by Salim as told to her by her son PW-2 after the incident at around 3 P.M. 43. Therefore, these evidences would establish the presence of the two accused at the relevant time in the village and also of their suspicious and abnormal behaviour which would link their involvement in such a heinous crime, in the light of the evidence of the deceased seen earlier being assaulted by Salim and it is on record that they were known to each other and the clinching evidence would be the recovery of the incriminating articles of the bidi etc. and umberella at the instatnce of both the accused separately. 44. It has been submitted that apart from that, the post-mortem and inquest report clearly indicate the injury not in other parts of the body but also on private parts of the deceased which clearly indicate rape. 45. Accordingly, it has been submitted that there are sufficient circumstantial evidences on record to clearly implicate these two accused with the crime and to show that there cannot be possibility of any other person involved in the said incident and accordingly, it has been submitted that the prosecution has been able to prove the charges against both of them beyond reasonable doubt. 46. Mr. 46. Mr. A.K. Bhuyan, learned counsel for the informant supporting the Prosecution case and seeking enhancement of sentence of Salim to that of death penalty as imposed on Moinul Haque, submits that the accused Salim was arrested on 02.06.2017 and the other accused Moinul Haque was arrested on the next day on 03.06.2017, and there is nothing on material to disbelieve the evidence of the child witnesses PW-2 and PW-3. In fact, as also submitted by the learned Additional P.P., the accused Salim while deposing as DW-2 had himself admitted knowing the father of the child witness PW-3. Therefore, the identification by the child witness (PW-3) of the presence of Salim and assaulting of the deceased by an umbrella before her death stands clearly established. It has been further submitted that in the cross-examination of said Salim while deposing as DW-1 he admitted knowing the father of the child of PW-3. DW-1 admitted during the cross-examination that he knew PW-3 as the son of Simanta Laskar. It has been also submitted that Salim also admitted that he used to visit the house of Simanta Laskar, the father of PW-3. Therefore, this admission of the accused Salim would clearly establish beyond any reasonable doubt the claim of the PW-3 that he saw Salim assaulting the deceased on the day of occurrence. Mr. Bhuyan further submits that the appellant Salim also admits of knowing the other accused Moinul since his childhood. Thus, their presence together in committing the crime is clearly established. 47. It has been also submitted by Mr. Bhuyan that in his cross-examination, the appellant Salim admitted to the fact that the police had taken him to the site of the place of occurrence, though he denied recovery of vicks inhaler, half smoked part of bidi, etc. However, the said seizure has been duly proved by other witnesses, namely, PW-15 and PW16. It has been submitted by Mr. Bhuyan that though the appellant Salim had denied the recovery of vicks inhaler, half smoked bidi from the site where he was taken, he admitted that he used to consume bidi. Therefore, even if he denied the recovery, the fact that he consumed bidi itself would indicate the use of bidi at the place of occurrence. Recovery of bidi etc. from the place of occurrence at his instance which was testified by the witnesses PW-15 and PW-16 clearly implicates the appellant Salim. Therefore, even if he denied the recovery, the fact that he consumed bidi itself would indicate the use of bidi at the place of occurrence. Recovery of bidi etc. from the place of occurrence at his instance which was testified by the witnesses PW-15 and PW-16 clearly implicates the appellant Salim. 48. It has been further submitted that the fact that PW-1, Tarun Bordoloi had informed the informant PW-17, the husband of the deceased of the incident soon after the incident came to be known, is clearly corroborated by the GD Entry made at 7.10 P.M. which was exhibited as Exhibit-25. The I.O. also clearly stated that after he received the information from the informant (PW-17) a G.D. Entry was made and investigation was carried out and later on, on the same day a formal FIR was lodged by the informant. It has been also submitted that PW1 corroborates the seizure of umbrella as he was an eye witness to the fact of seizure at the instance of accused Moinul. It has been also submitted that the recovery of the umbrella i.e. a black ladies umbrella whose handle was in a broken state was recovered from the jungle adjacent to the PWD road near the place of occurrence in presence of the witnesses, namely, PW-1 and PW-6, who had duly proved the said article and the said seizure was recorded in the seizure list prepared and exhibited as Exhibit-1 which was duly proved by the said two witnesses PW-1 and PW-6. That the said umbrella belonged to the deceased had been proved by PW17, the husband of the deceased on identification. 49. Mr. Bhuyan submits that though the appellant Salim denied the seizure of the vicks inhaler, one half smoked butt of bidi and empty packet of kissan bidi, he admitted to the seizure in presence of Pankaj Bora (PW16) and Mukuta Bora (PW15). Appellant Salim also admitted that on the day of occurrence he was at the market and also admitted to have stated to the police that he used to smoke bidi in the cross-examination and he also admitted that the police had taken him to the site of place of occurrence where the seizure was proved by the other witnesses. Appellant Salim also admitted that on the day of occurrence he was at the market and also admitted to have stated to the police that he used to smoke bidi in the cross-examination and he also admitted that the police had taken him to the site of place of occurrence where the seizure was proved by the other witnesses. It has been submitted that though the appellant Salim had taken a plea of alibi of being not present in the village on the day of occurrence, the evidence of PW8 who met appellant Salim on the road on that day while PW8 was driving his vehicle, proves his presence near the place of occurrence. 50. Mr. Bhuyan submits that the evidence of the two child witnesses PW-2 and PW-3 has been fully corroborated by the evidence of PW-1 at least as far as the recovery of the umbrella is concerned which was used to assault the deceased. PW-2 had clearly stated in his evidence that he heard the scream of the deceased woman “I am dying, I am dying”. Thus, the fact that the deceased was in a state of distress on being assaulted by Salim has been clearly shown and there is nothing to suggest that the child was lying and there is also no cross-examination to that effect by the defence. So is the evidence of PW-3, who clearly identified the assailant who used umbrella to assault the deceasd which has not been shaken during the cross-examination. 51. Coming to the evidence of PW-1 it has been submitted that the said PW-1 had testified in detail about the recovery of the umbrella at the instance of Moinul. During the cross-examination, the PW-1 stated that after making Moinul get off from the vehicle, the police made him proceed on foot for about 2 minutes and there is a garden of teak trees near the place from where the umbrella was found. Thus, his testimony in his in-chief as well as the cross-examination clearly proved the recovery of umbrella. It has been also submitted that his statement recorded under Section 164 of Cr.P.C. before the Magistrate in course of the investigation fully corroborates what had been stated during the trial. Thus, his testimony in his in-chief as well as the cross-examination clearly proved the recovery of umbrella. It has been also submitted that his statement recorded under Section 164 of Cr.P.C. before the Magistrate in course of the investigation fully corroborates what had been stated during the trial. Thus, the evidence of PW-1 is not only consistent but also credible and his evidence is also corroborated by the contents of the FIR as well as the evidence of PW-5, the cook, which clearly implicates the appellant Moinul with the crime. 52. PW-5, the cook, who was a witness to the seizure of the bag, has also testified that the bag belonged to the deceased as he was acquainted with the deceased having been serving in the said school as a cook of the mid-day-meal scheme where the deceased was working. The said bag was brought to him by three boys, namely, Dhiraj (PW-12), Lohit and Anku while he was sleeping on his bed which was recognized by him to be the bag belonging to the deceased, which was later on seized by the police. The said evidence of PW-5 has been corroborated by the evidence of PW-12 Dhiraj Bordoloi, one of the boys who found the bag and took it to the house of the cook (PW-5) as deposed by the PW-5. 53. The evidence of PW-12 also mentions about the boatman who was examined as PW13, who corroborates the testimony of PW-12 that three boys had come to him near the Borsung ghat from where he was plying his boat, who informed him that a white colour object was floating along the river and asked him to have a look on that. Then taking along the boys the said boatman went to the mainstream and found that it was a dead body. Thereafter boatman along with the three boys brought the dead body to the river bank and he realized that the dead body was of Bimal Bora's wife. 54. A specific plea was taken by the accused Moinul that he was not present in the village on the day of occurrence which plea has been demolished by the evidence of PW-10 (Rupa Bordoloi), her mother PW-14 (Bina Bordoloi) and PW-11 (Jagdish Bordoloi). PW-10 had testified that on the day of occurrence at around 12.30/1 P.M. the accused Moinul had come to her house for consuming liquor. PW-10 had testified that on the day of occurrence at around 12.30/1 P.M. the accused Moinul had come to her house for consuming liquor. Similarly, PW-11 also testified that he saw the accused Moinul playing with his mobile phone by throwing around and lifting with his foot and having conversation on that with him. Similarly, PW-14, who is the mother of PW-10, also testified about the presence of the accused Moinul in the house of his daughter when PW-14 went to her daughter’s residence. The statement of PW-10 Smt. Rupa Bordoloi was also recorded under Section 164 Cr.P.C., which was exhibited as Exhibit-8 and duly proved by her corroborates her statement that Moinul had come to her house asking for country liquor and he is consuming liquor there and his abnormal behaviour, which was around 12.30 P.M. of 31.05.2017 i.e. the day of occurrence. Similarly, the statement of PW-11 was also recorded under Section 164 of Cr.P.C., which corroborates his testimony in course of the trial and which has been also duly proved. 55. It has been submitted that the evidences of PW-15, PW-17 and PW-18 clearly established the recovery of bidi, vicks inhaler, etc. near the place of occurrence at the instance of Salim. The evidences of PW-1 and PW6 proves the recovery of umbrella from the bush near the place of occurrence at the instance of Moinul, and that umbrella belongs to the deceased has been also clearly established by the evidence of PW17. The fact that the accused Salim Uddin was acquainted with Simanta Laskar, the father of PW-3, is clearly admitted by the said accused Salim Uddin in his reply to the questions put to him recorded under Section 313 of Cr.P.C. It has been also submitted that though the accused Moinul had denied that he did not show any umbrella yet he admitted to the fact that he was taken to the place of occurrence on 14.06.2017 at about 9/9.30 P.M. by the police. The accused Moinul also admitted that on the day of incidence, he had gone to the house of Rupa Bordoloi (PW10) and consumed alcohol at about 1/1.30 P.M. Similarly, he also admits to have met PW-11 Jagdish Bordoloi in front of his house. The accused Moinul also admitted that on the day of incidence, he had gone to the house of Rupa Bordoloi (PW10) and consumed alcohol at about 1/1.30 P.M. Similarly, he also admits to have met PW-11 Jagdish Bordoloi in front of his house. Similarly he also admits to have met Bina Bordoloi (PW14) on the day of occurrence at about 1.30 P.M. after consuming alcohol at the house of her daughter Rupa Bordoloi (PW10) and also admitted to have taken betel nut from Bina Bordoloi. 56. Mr. Bhuyan, learned counsel for the complainant submits that the evidence of I.O. (PW-19) Abhishek Bodo reflects the manner in which the investigation was carried out meticulously and also how he recorded the statements of the witnesses including the accused. It has been submitted that though the extra-judicial confession made by the accused Salim during the investigation may not be admissible and cannot be treated to be a substantive piece of evidence, nevertheless it is a weak evidence to corroborate evidence as far as other co-accused Moinul Haque is concerned. In the present case, there is statement of Salim during the investigation who clearly stated that he along with Moinul had assaulted her and also Moinul had raped her and while he was strangulating the deceased with his both hands, Moinul was holding her both the legs and thereafter, they threw the dead body in the river along with one handbag and sleepers. Thus, it has been submitted that as far as the statement of Salim is concerned qua the role played by Moinul though it is a very weak piece of evidence, nevertheless can be used to corroborate other evidences which are admissible and have been brought on records to establish the charge against both them. 57. Mr. P.K. Munir, learned amicus curiae, representing the accused Moinul on the other hand submits that as per the evidence, which have been discussed above, it is evident that there were only two eye witnesses as regards hitting of the deceased by one of the accused but otherwise, there is no direct evidence except circumstantial evidences about the commission of crime of rape and murder, which can be said to have been proved beyond reasonable doubt. 58. It has been submitted that the Prosecution has heavily relied on recovery of the umbrella at the instance of the accused Moinul. 58. It has been submitted that the Prosecution has heavily relied on recovery of the umbrella at the instance of the accused Moinul. However, that fact cannot be said to have been conclusively proved as there is element of doubt as clearly evident from the inconsistent evidences of PW1 and PW6, who were witnesses to the recovery of the said umbrella, and in the context of the relevant portion of the statement of the accused Moinul, which was recorded under Section 161 of Cr. PC, which is admissible under Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. 59. It has been submitted that PW1 had deposed that Moinul had brought an umbrella from inside the bush and handed over the same to the police whereupon the police seized the umbrella. As per the evidence of PW1 it was Moinul, who himself brought out the umbrella. On the other hand, if we examine the evidence of PW6, it would be evident that it was not Moinul, who brought out the umbrella but the police who recovered one umbrella. Therefore, there is contradiction as to who had actually brought out the umbrella whether it was Moinul or the police which will throw a doubt on the actual recovery of the umbrella. 60. It has been also submitted that apart from recovery of the umbrella at the instance of accused Moinul as alleged by the prosecution, there is no other evidence to link Moinul with the incident. It may be mentioned that Salim was arrested on 01.06.2017 and subsequently Moinul was arrested on 02.06.2017 on the basis of statement of Salim. 61. It has been submitted that while PW1 in his deposition had stated that Moinul had confessed in their presence that he had killed the victim woman and that he along with Salim committed the murder, in the cross-examination, he stated that he did not tell the police that Moinul had confessed to have committed the murder in collusion with Salim. To that effect, the I/O also stated during cross-examination that he examined the witness Tarun Bordoloi before recovery of the umbrella, who did not state before him (I/O) that the the accused confessed their guilt to him. Thus, there is contradiction regarding confession allegedly made by accused Moinul about his involvement in the crime within the meaning of Explanation to Section 162 of Cr.P.C.. Thus, there is contradiction regarding confession allegedly made by accused Moinul about his involvement in the crime within the meaning of Explanation to Section 162 of Cr.P.C.. This vital ommission indicates that the evidence of PW1 is not reliable, and but the prosecution has heavily relied upon the evidence of PW1 for convicting the accused, Moinul Haque. 62. Mr. Munir submits that apart from the aforesaid evidences, which are highly unreliable and doubtful, there is no other evidence to implicate accused Moinul. It has been submitted that while PW3 mentioned about hitting the deceased with an umbrella by Salim, he does not mention about the presence of accused Moinul at all. PW3 categorically stated that the person who was assaulting the woman was Salim. If Moinul was, in fact, present at the place of occurrence when the deceased was hit by an umbrella by the appellant Salim, certainly, PW3 would have mentioned about his presence. PW3 states in his deposition that when they were playing, a person was assaulting a person with an umbrella and he also identified the person as to be Salim, who occasionally comes to his house. PW3 nowhere mentions of the presence of Moinul with eithr Salim or with the deceased. Thus, the evidence of PW3 would show that the appellant Moinul was not at the place of occurrence. 63. It has been submitted that PW7 speaks of two boys (PW2 and PW3), who had mentioned the name of Salim before him. In his cross-examination, PW7 states that the two boys had mentioned the name of the murderer, before they were shown the photo and the identification of the person was done, that of Salim. But these two witnesses did not mention the name of Moinul at all. 64. It has been also submitted that while PW8, the driver of the EON vehicle, claimed to have met Salim in a drunken state on the middle of the road, he did not mention about the presence of Moinul. Apart from the evidence of PW10 and her mother, PW14, who mentions of the presence of Moinul in the house of PW10 for consumption of liquor, there is no evidence that he was involved in the incident. Even PW11 who admittedly had seen the accused Moinul playing with his mobile, does not make any incriminating statement against him implicating him with the crime. 65. Even PW11 who admittedly had seen the accused Moinul playing with his mobile, does not make any incriminating statement against him implicating him with the crime. 65. As far as PW12 is concerned, he stated that he heard that Moinul and Salim had killed victim woman. This evidence is hearsay inasmuch as he himself did not see the incident but heard from somebody else, thus clearly not admissible in evidence. 66. It has been also submitted that PW13, the boatman, also did not mention about the involvement of Salim or Moinul. He only mentioned about recovery of the body which was found floating in the river. 67. PW15 was an witness to the recovery of one half smoked butt of bidi, one cover of Vicks inhaler and an empty packet of Bidi of Kissan brand. So is the evidence of PW16. But the said prosecution witnesses, who have witnessed to the seizure of the said articles, do not implicate any of the accused with the crime, except for the fact of recovery of certain articles. 68. PW17, the informant, merely identified the umbrella, which was recovered but he does not implicate either of the accused, except for saying that he heard that the appellants were responsible for the crime. 69. Thus, it has been submitted that there is no evidence to link the two accused with the crime except for the alleged recovery of the bidi etc. and umbrella, which was used by Salim to assault the deceased. However, even as regards recovery of the said umbrella, the evidences are not consistent; rather are contradictory. Thus, in the absence of any other evidence, except recovery of the umbrella, there is no other circumstantial evidence to sustain the conviction. 70. It has been submitted that law is now well-settled that each and every circumstances must be fully established and such circumstances must clearly point to the guilt of the accused which, in the present case, does not appear to have been established against any of the accused. 71. Though the post-mortem and the inquest report indicate injuries on the private parts of the deceased, and both vaginal smear and vaginal swab were sent to pathological lab for examination, the report indicates that no spermatozoa was seen in the vaginal smear. This according to the learned counsel is another evidence to establish non-involvement of the accused. 72. 71. Though the post-mortem and the inquest report indicate injuries on the private parts of the deceased, and both vaginal smear and vaginal swab were sent to pathological lab for examination, the report indicates that no spermatozoa was seen in the vaginal smear. This according to the learned counsel is another evidence to establish non-involvement of the accused. 72. It has been submitted by Mr. Munir that in the aforesaid scenario, it cannot be said that circumstances have been proved beyond reasonable doubt to sustain the conviction against Moinul. 73. Appearing on behalf of the appellant, Salim, Ms. S. Kanungo, learned amicus curiae, submits that the only evidence, which the prosecution is harping upon, is the evidence of PW3, who testified to have seen the accused Salim hitting the deceased with an umbrella before the crime was committed. But since the prosecution case is based on last seen together theory, it is very important to establish the time and the chain of events. It has been submitted that perusal of the evidence of PW3 does not indicate as to when they were playing and when they saw the assault on the deceased by Salim. This fact is vital inasmuch as the dead body was recovered later on in the evening part of the day at around 3 P.M. 74. Coming to the evidence of PW8, who allegedly saw the accused Salim Uddin at around 2.30-3.00 P.M. On 31.05.2017, while coming from Kampur to Jamunamukh by driving his EON vehicle, he (PW8) stated that he met Salim Uddin near Kahargaon, and he assumed that Salim Uddin was under the influence of intoxicant because of his qeer behaviour. Such evidence, however, cannot be relied upon inasmuch as if such evidence is sought to be used as the basis for conviction, it must be based on definite and concrete evidence, not on assumption or presumption. 75. Coming to the evidence of PW10, who had deposed about presence of Moinul in the village, PW10 does not mention anything about Salim Uddin. Thus, from the evidence, it will be seen that except for recovery of umbrella and use of the same, there is no other evidence to link Salim with Moinul. Moreover, the umbrella certainly was not used to cause death of the deceased and it is also not the case of the prosecution that umbrella was used to cause the death of the victim. Moreover, the umbrella certainly was not used to cause death of the deceased and it is also not the case of the prosecution that umbrella was used to cause the death of the victim. 76. It has been submitted that under the circumstances, there is hardly any evidence to sustain the conviction of Salim. Further, it has been submitted that the prosecution heavily relied on the evidences of PW2 and PW3 to establish the last seen theory but their statements were not recorded under Section 164 of Cr.P.C. In fact, the I/O in his cross-examination stated that he insisted for recording their statement under Section 164 of Cr.P.C. but the guardians of both the witnesses had refused and requested the I/O not to take them to Court for recording their statements as they feared and threats from the families of the accused persons. As such, it is clear that testimony of both the boys (PW2 and PW3) as regards the deceased being seen last with Salim Uddin and being assaulted by Salim Uddin cannot be said to have been corroborated by any previous statements. 77. Before we examine the rival contentions of the learned counsel for the appellants and the State, the materials which have emerged during the trial can be briefly put as follows, (i) Two children, Pulak Medhi (PW2) and Bupmoni Laskar (PW3) while playing saw a person assaulting a lady with an umbrella. Of them, Bupmoni Laskar (PW3) identified the aggressor as Salim. (ii) Dhiraj Bordoloi (PW12) with two other friends had gone to Kopili river to take bath where they saw a bag floating down the river and on opening, found a diary belonging to the deceased. They saw the dead body floating and also a bag which belonged to the deceased. (iii) The dead body was recovered with the help of the boatman, Ram Kaka which was identified as that of the deceased woman. They saw the dead body floating and also a bag which belonged to the deceased. (iii) The dead body was recovered with the help of the boatman, Ram Kaka which was identified as that of the deceased woman. (iv) The other materials/evidences which have been brought on record which the Prosecution relied upon were as follows: (a) One Biju Nath (PW8) encountered Salim Uddin, one of the accused on the road while PW8 was coming in his vehicle from Kampur to Jamanamukh on the middle of the road whom PW8 observed to be in disoriented and angry mode and when his photo was flashed in the T.V. on the next day, PW8 identified him as the same person whom he encountered the previous day on the road. (b) Rupa Bordoloi (PW10) speaks of the accused Moinul coming to her house at around 12:30-1 P.M. and consuming the liquor. (c) Bina Bordoloi (PW14) who was the mother of Rupa Bordoloi (PW10) also saw the accused Moinul in the house of her daughter consuming liquor. (d) Jagdish Bordoloi (PW11) saw the accused Moinul near the gate of his house playing with mobile phone and found him in a drunken state. (e) The prosecution seeks to establish that both Salim Uddin and Moinul Haque were present in the village on the day of occurrence through the evidence of the aforesaid 4(four) witnesses, PW8, PW10, PW14 and PW11. (f) Discovery of bidi, vicks inhaler, half smoked butt of bidi and empty packet of kisan bidi brand near the place of occurrence at the instance of accused Salim Uddin @ Salim which was witnessed by PW15 and PW16 on 12.06.2017. (g) The discovery of the umbrella belonging to the deceased near the place of occurrence at the instance of Moinul on 14.06. 2017 which was witnessed by PW1 and PW6. 78. The Prosecution also relied on the extra-judicial confessional statement made by Salim Uddin in clearly implicating Moinul as one who committed rape on the victim lady and the subsequent strangulation by Salim Uddin and both of them throwing the body together in the river. The extra-judicial confessional statement of Moinul corroborates the evidence of the Prosecution. 78. The Prosecution also relied on the extra-judicial confessional statement made by Salim Uddin in clearly implicating Moinul as one who committed rape on the victim lady and the subsequent strangulation by Salim Uddin and both of them throwing the body together in the river. The extra-judicial confessional statement of Moinul corroborates the evidence of the Prosecution. It is, therefore, clear that in the present case, the two appellants have been convicted by the Trial Court primarily based on the evidences of two child witnesses, PW2 and PW3, who saw one of the accused Salim assaulting the victim woman with an umbrella before the incident and recovery of the incriminating articles including the umbrella at the instance of Moinul and their presence in the village and also their unusual behaviour including drunkenness on the day of occurrence as per the testimony of PW8, PW10 and PW14. 79. The fact that the victim was subjected to sexual assault and was subsequently killed, is clearly established by medical evidence and thereafter, the victim was murdered by suffocation by strangulation. 80. As discussed above, it is the case of the Prosecution that the aforesaid circumstances clearly establish the charge against the appellants and on the other hand, it is a plea of the appellants that these circumstances have not been proved beyond reasonable doubt and the chain is not complete to link the aforesaid evidences and there are sufficient doubt in the Prosecution case which warrants acquittal of the appellants. 81. Coming to the most critical evidence that the two children, PW2 and PW3 had witnessed one of the accused Salim Uddin, assaulting the victim before the offence of rape and murder was committed, this evidence appears to have been fully established, not being shaken during the cross-examination by other evidence. 82. A careful perusal of the evidence of PW2, Pulak Medhi, would show that PW2 stated that his friend Bupmani (PW3) with whom he was playing clearly recognized the aggressor as Salim. Salim was seen coming to his house occasionally and their evidences have remained unshaken throughout the cross-examination. Thus, it has come out very clearly that Salim, one of the accused was seen assaulting a woman with an umbrella before she ws raped and killed. 83. Salim was seen coming to his house occasionally and their evidences have remained unshaken throughout the cross-examination. Thus, it has come out very clearly that Salim, one of the accused was seen assaulting a woman with an umbrella before she ws raped and killed. 83. Though the child witnesses (PW2 and PW3) had not specifically identified the said woman who was assaulted, the identity of the woman gets established by the subsequent other evidences, with the recovery of the dead body soon after the incident of assault and of the umbrella which identified as that of the victim woman. 84. The presence of accused Salim near the place of occurrence is clearly established by the evidence of the said two child witnesses. That the accused Salim was present in the village is also corroborated by the evidence of PW8. 85. As far as the evidence of a child witness is concerned, it is now well settled that a child is a competent witness and there is no reason to doubt the evidence of child, if it is found to be consistent and not shaken during the cross-examination and by other witnesses/evidences. We have observed that the defence has not been able to shake the evidence of the aforesaid two children. 86. Therefore, this Court would proceed with the fact that accused Salim had had assaulted the deceased with an umbrella. 87. We now proceed with the other evidences which would link the two accused with the crime. 88. It may also be noted that though the presence of accused Moinul was not mentioned by both the two children, yet, the presence of Moinul along with Salim is inferable from the fact that it was Moinul who led to the discovery of the umbrella which was used by Salim to assault the deceased. 89. As far as the discovery of the umbrella is concerned, the defence has sought to doubt the recovery of the umbrella on the ground that there are inconsistencies in the statements made by PW1 and PW6 who were stated to be witnesses to the said recovery. As discussed above, it has been mentioned by PW1 that Moinul Haque brought out an umbrella from inside the bush and handed over to the police in their presence. PW6 testified that as shown by Moinul, the police recovered one umbrella from the bush. As discussed above, it has been mentioned by PW1 that Moinul Haque brought out an umbrella from inside the bush and handed over to the police in their presence. PW6 testified that as shown by Moinul, the police recovered one umbrella from the bush. Thus, as per PW1, it was Moinul who brought out the umbrella and as per PW6, it was the police who recovered the umbrella though at the instance of Moinul. PW1 states “Then Mainul Hoque brought an umbrella from inside a bush and handed over it to police in our presence whereupon police seized the umbrella.....”. PW6 states “Then as shown by Mainul, police recovered one umberella from under a bush and seized the same in our presence....” 90. We are of the view that the aforesaid minor variation in the testimony of PW1 and PW6 is not of material significance and as such, these statements can be different expression of the same fact, i.e., recovery of the umbrella at the instance of Moinul. The statement of PW6 does not contradict the state of PW1, as per PW6 also the police recovered the umbrella on being shown by Moinul. 91. What is material is, not the actual act of physical holding of the umbrella on being recovered but the knowledge about the location of the incriminating article where it is hidden from where it is recovered. 92. Scrutiny of the evidence and deposition of PW1 and PW6 would clearly show that the police had come to the place of discovery on the information furnished by the accused Moinul. 93. If the aforesaid fact is established that it was at the instance of Moinul and on his information, the umbrella was recovered, it would clearly show that Moinul was with Salim at certain point of time when the incident occurred. As otherwise, there would be no occasion for Moinul to have the idea about the location of the umbrella if he was not involved in the crime in same manner. The discovery of the umbrella at the instance of Moinul, in our view, is a critical evidence to show his involvement with commission of crime at some stage. 94. As otherwise, there would be no occasion for Moinul to have the idea about the location of the umbrella if he was not involved in the crime in same manner. The discovery of the umbrella at the instance of Moinul, in our view, is a critical evidence to show his involvement with commission of crime at some stage. 94. We have also perused the impugned judgment dated 24.07.2018 rendered by the learned Additional District and Sessions Judge, Fast Tract Court, Hojai, Sankardev Nagar by which the appellants Salim Uddin @ Salim and Moinul Haque @ Monu were convicted. 95. We have noted that the learned Trial Court has relied on the evidences of 2 (two) minor boys, Pulak Medhi (PW2) and Bupmoni Laskar (PW3) in holding that the deceased was seen last along with the appellant Salim and that the deceased was seen assaulted by Salim with an umbrella. 96. The learned Trial Court also has relied on the recovery of the umbrella at the instance of appellant Moinul, which according to the learned Trial Court, clearly implicates Moinul of being complicit with the appellant Salim in sexually assaulting the victim woman wand killing her. 97. Apart from that, of other evidences which have come on record, the learned Trial Court also heavily relied on the confessional statements made by both the appellants, Salim and Moinul while they were in the police custody. 98. The confessional statement made by Salim that he along with appellant Moinul, after assaulting the victim, brought her near the river and while the appellant Salim was holding the victim, the appellant Moinul raped her and thereafter, they both threw the dead body in the river for causing disappearance of evidence. 99. Similarly, to the same effect was that of confessional statement made by the appellant Moinul who stated that after there was confrontation between the victim and Salim, the victim was beaten up and dragged near the river and as the victim was continuing to struggle and trying to scream, Salim assaulted her more, and he made the mistake of raping her and thereafter, Salim strangulated her with hands while he held her both legs and threw her body to the Kopili river. 100. The Trial Court also referred to the discovery of one Vicks Inhaler cover, one half smoked butt of a bidi and an empty packet of bidi of Kissan brand etc. 100. The Trial Court also referred to the discovery of one Vicks Inhaler cover, one half smoked butt of a bidi and an empty packet of bidi of Kissan brand etc. from near the place of occurrence to establish the presence of the appellant Salim near the place of occurrence. 101. The Trial Court also referred to the medial reports which indicated injuries received by the deceased on her upper parts of the body including the injury near the private part of the deceased. 102. The Trial Court also referred to the evidences of the villagers who testified about the unusual behaviour of the accused Salim when he was found walking on the road by PW8 (Biju Nath). The Trial Court also referred to the evidences of two women (PW10 and PW14) in whose house the appellant Moinul had consumed liquor on the day of occurrence at around 1-1:30 P.M. to establish that Moinul was a habitual drunker. 103. The other evidences relating to the recovery of the dead body and other possessions of the victim from the river were also considered by the learned Trial Court. 104. The learned Trial Court accordingly, convicted the appellant, Salim Uddin under Sections 201 IPC and 302 IPC and convicted the appellant, Moinul Haque under Sections 201/302/376(A) of IPC and sentenced him (Moinul Haque) to death. 105. From the above consideration of the evidences on record as well as on analyzing of the impugned judgment, it is clearly evident that the case against both the appellants, Salim Uddin and Moinul Haque is based on circumstantial evidences inasmuch as there was no eye witness account on the actual perpetration of the offence of rape and murder by the two appellants. The only eye witness account of connecting one of the appellants with the victim is that of two minor boys, PW2 and PW3 who were playing in the field, nor far from the place of occurrence. Both of the child witnesses had seen a woman being assaulted by a person with an umbrella and one of them was identified the assailant as Salim. 106. We have carefully gone through the records. 107. We are also of the view that the aforesaid evidences of the two minor children, PW2 and PW3 has come out unscathed during the trial. We find their evidences truthful, credible and reliable. 106. We have carefully gone through the records. 107. We are also of the view that the aforesaid evidences of the two minor children, PW2 and PW3 has come out unscathed during the trial. We find their evidences truthful, credible and reliable. Though some attempts have been made by the defence to state that it would be undesirable to rely on the evidence of the children, the law is settled that the evidence even of child, if found to be cogent and credible, can certainly be relied upon and cannot be ignored. 108. We have also noticed that the defence has not been able to elicit any inconsistency or contradiction in the evidence of the two minor witnesses, PW2 and PW3 who had in very categorical terms stated that one women was seen being assaulted by a person and she was shouting in agony for help, the said assailant was identified as Salim. 109. We would also like to observe that the two child witnesses had not specifically named the woman who was assaulted. Both of them testified that one woman was being assaulted by a person with an umbrella. However, as regards the identity of the woman, there cannot be any doubt in view of the evidence of PW7, Arun Bora, the Headmaster of the School who testified that on the next day he heard that someone had killed the victim, who was a teacher in Elachi Deuri L.P. School. He also stated that when he went to the school the following day on 01.06.2017, he heard that two students of his school, namely, Bupmoni Laskar (PW3) and Pulak Medhi (PW2) who had gone to play on the day of occurrence had seen the deceased being dragged and assaulted. Later police came to their school and the boys were called and questioned by the police in his presence and when the police showed the photo of the person in the mobile phone, the said person was identified as one who had assaulted the deceased and the two boys mentioned the name of Salim. 110. From the aforesaid evidence of PW7, the Headmaster of Elachi Deuri L.P. School where the two boys were studying, there cannot be any doubt about the identity of the woman who was seen by the two children being assaulted on the day of occurrence. 110. From the aforesaid evidence of PW7, the Headmaster of Elachi Deuri L.P. School where the two boys were studying, there cannot be any doubt about the identity of the woman who was seen by the two children being assaulted on the day of occurrence. The identity of the said woman is also established by the recovery of the umbrella which belonged to the said woman and used to assault which had been identified by the husband of the deceased after it was recovered at the instance of appellant, Moinul Haque. 111. Thus, we are satisfied with these evidences to establish the fact that the deceased was last seen with appellant Salim who assaulted her before her dead body was discovered from Kopili river within a few hours on the same day. 112. As regards the other circumstantial evidences about the involvement of the appellant Salim with the crime can be said to have been established with the discovery of the umbrella near the place of occurrence though at the instance of Moinul Haque as well as the discovery of the Vicks Inhaler cover, one half smoked butt of a bidi and an empty packet of bidi of Kissan brand etc. near the place of occurrence at the instance of Salim. 113. As far as recovery of the umbrella from near the place of occurrence is concerned, we have gone through the evidences of PW1 and PW6 who were the eye witnesses to the recovery of the said umbrella who had testified in the Court and also proved the seizure list. 114. The said umbrella was produced before the Court as Ext.kha and proved by the husband of the deceased, Bimal Bora, PW17 who identified the said umbrella as that used by his deceased wife after being discovered on the next day in the police station. 115. Though the defence has sought to discredit the aforesaid discovery of umbrella by contending that there are inconsistencies in the evidences of PW1 and PW6, inasmuch as while PW1 stated that the appellant Moinul had recovered the umbrella, PW6 stated that the police had recovered the umbrella as shown by Moinul. Thus, it is not proved who had actually discovered the umbrella as to whether it was the appellant Moinul or the police. 116. Thus, it is not proved who had actually discovered the umbrella as to whether it was the appellant Moinul or the police. 116. In our view, as discussed above, the aforesaid discrepancy is of not much consequence for the reason that both of them (PW1 and PW6) testified very clearly that it was Moinul who took the police to the place where the said umbrella was found hidden and it was Moinul who had shown the hidden umbrella. Once that act has been performed, as to which individual had actually lifted the umbrella is not of much consequence and as such, we are of the view that it can be said that the discovery of the umbrella has been proved by the prosecution beyond reasonable doubt. 117. The prosecution, of course, has relied on the confessional statements of the two appellants as mentioned above to firmly establish their case. 118. Unfortunately, the use of confessional statements of the two appellants who were accused by the prosecution and by the learned Trial Court in convicting the appellants is not in accordance with law. These confessions though made in presence of certain witnesses were made by the two accused while they were in the custody of the police. 119. Any statement by an accused in the police custody, is specifically barred under Section 26 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Section 26 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 states that no confession made by any person whilst he is in the custody of a police officer, unless it be made in the immediate presence of a Magistrate, shall be proved as against such person. Further Section 25 of Indian Evidence Act, 1872 provides that no confession made to a police officer, shall be proved as against a person accused of any offence. 120. In view of the specific bar imposed under Sections 25 and 26 of the Indian Evidence Act, any confessional statement made by an accused to a police officer or whilst in the police custody will be plainly inadmissible in law, if it was made in the presence of civilian witnesses. 120. In view of the specific bar imposed under Sections 25 and 26 of the Indian Evidence Act, any confessional statement made by an accused to a police officer or whilst in the police custody will be plainly inadmissible in law, if it was made in the presence of civilian witnesses. The only exception carved out in respect of confessional statement made to a police officer or whilst in the custody is to be found in Section 27 of Indian Evidence Act, 1872 which provides that when any fact is deposed to as discovered in consequence of information received from a person accused of any offence, in the custody of a police officer, so much of such information, whether it amounts to a confession or not, as relates distinctly to the fact thereby discovered, may be proved. 121. In view of above, only such portion of the confessional statement of the appellant which immediately relates to the discovery of the incriminating materials will be admissible and the rest will be inadmissible. 122. In other words, what will be the admissible evidence is the statement directly relating to the discovery of facts. In the present case, it is the discovery of the umbrella on being pointed out the places where it was hidden. Other statement which is not directly related to the said discovery of umbrella would be inadmissible in law. 123. Though the statement of an accused which leads to the discovery of the fact may not be confined only to the fact of discovery of a material, it can also be considered to indicate the knowledge of the existence of the incriminating material or the fact on the basis of doctrine of confirmation by subsequent events. Thus, the said discovery of the umbrella would also indicate certain knowledge of the incident by the accused appellant Moinul which immediately preceded the hiding of the umbrella. 124. From the above discovery of the umbrella, the conclusion that can be drawn by us is that the appellant has some idea/knowledge of the reason for keeping the said umbrella hidden inasmuch as he had the knowledge that the said umbrella was being hidden in the place from where it was recovered and as such, he had some knowledge of certain facts which immediately preceded the hiding of the incriminating fact and not to any fact in close proximity with the fact of hiding. 125. However, if we consider that the confessional statement made by the appellants except the portion of the statement which led to the discovery of the umbrella at the instance of appellant Moinul Haque and Vicks Inhaler cover, one half smoked butt of a bidi at the instance of appellant Salim Uddin, there is no other evidence which is relatable to the death of the deceased. 126. It is not the case that anybody has seen either of the appellants throwing the dead body in the river. It is also not the case of the prosecution that these two accused were found loitering in suspicious manner near the river bank from where the dead body was recovered. In fact, there is no evidence at all as to what actually transpired after the woman was last seen being assaulted with an umbrella. However, we have also observed that the time gap between the incident when the woman was seen being assaulted by Salim which was around 1/1:30 P.M. and the time when the body was recovered at around 3:30 P.M, after she was killed and thrown in the river is not much. Thus, it is an incriminating circumstance as far as appellant Salim is concerned. 127. Further, as regards appellant Salim, we see that there is another evidence in the form of recovery of the umbrella, though at the instance of appellant Moinul, which clearly provides the linkage of involvement of Salim to the death of the deceased, keeping in mind that PW3 had recognize Salim as one who was assaulting the deceased. 128. Under the circumstances, we are satisfied that appellant Salim is the one who had assaulted the deceased woman before her death which followed within a couple of hours as mentioned above. 129. Thus, by ignoring the inadmissible evidence of the confessional statements made by the two appellants, Salim and Moinul, what comes out clearly is the evidence of the victim being assaulted by one the appellants, namely, Salim by the umbrella and the recovery of the umbrella by another accused Moinul which had been identified to be that of deceased, as proved by the evidence of the husband of the deceased woman (PW14). 130. Therefore, the question which arises for our consideration is as to whether these so-called established facts and circumstances are sufficient to link the appellants with the crime which had occurred. 130. Therefore, the question which arises for our consideration is as to whether these so-called established facts and circumstances are sufficient to link the appellants with the crime which had occurred. There is no element of doubt that the death of the deceased was homicidal in nature caused due to asphyxia which is ante-mortem in nature. This clearly establishes that the deceased died before she was thrown into the river and that the deceased suffered injuries on her body including in her private parts which clearly indicate that she was subjected to sexual assault. As to whether sexual assault really caused her death or not, that aspect will be considered at the subsequent stage. 131. Be that as it may, the question before us is whether the two appellants can be linked with the aforesaid homicidal death of the deceased. 132. In our view, as far as the appellant Salim is concerned, we are satisfied that these two evidences, i.e. that the victim being assaulted by Salim as seen and testified by two children with a couple of hours of discovery of her dead body from a nearby place on the same day and the subsequent discovery of the umbrella even though at the instance of another co-accused, which was used to assault the woman clearly links and the death occurred thereafter within a couple of hours. It is on record that Salim and Moinul knew each other and here is evidence that they were together at certain point of time when the umbrella was hidden, which is clearly inferrable from the fact that Moinul Haque had led to the discovery of the umbrella which was used by Salim to hit the victim on the earlier part of the episode. Further, though the exact time of the death has not been placed before this Court, but from the evidence, it is clear that the death occurred within a couple of hours of the woman seen being assaulted by Salim which clearly points to the involvement of appellant Salim. 133. Even though there is clear evidence that Salim had assaulted the victim a few hours prior to her death, the appellant has offered no explanation. Rather, he has sought to portray a different picture by stating that he was in market place. 133. Even though there is clear evidence that Salim had assaulted the victim a few hours prior to her death, the appellant has offered no explanation. Rather, he has sought to portray a different picture by stating that he was in market place. As regards the actual presence of the appellant Salim, the same can be said to have been proved by the evidence of PW8 (Biju Nath) who clearly show that appellant Salim was near the vicinity of the place of occurrence when he was driving his Eon vehicle. 134. Therefore, taking into consideration all these circumstantial evidences which clearly implicates Salim, we have no hesitation to hold that Salim is responsible for the death of the victim woman. 135. As regards the culpability of other accused Moinul, we are, however, not sanguine about the same. We hold so, for the reason that when the victim was seen by these two child witnesses (PW2 and PW3) of being assaulted, the presence of appellant Moinul Haque was never mentioned by either of these child witnesses. In fact, there is no evidence at all that the said appellant Moinul was seen along with appellant Salim or with the victim at any point during the entire episode. 136. The prosecution has sought to establish the presence of accused appellant Moinul in the village with the help of the evidence of PW11 (Jagadish Bordoloi) and PW14 (Bina Bordoloi), their evidence merely shows that he was present in the village and that he had consumed liquor but no way any relation of the appellant Moinul Haque with the incident is indicated. Merely because a person is seen in the village and found consuming liquor will not be sufficient to relate him with the crime unless there are more evidences to that effect. The only evidence which links the appellant Moinul Haque with the crime is the discovery of the umbrella at the instance of Moinul. 137. We have already held that the discovery of the umbrella at the instance of appellant Moinul is proved beyond reasonable doubt. However, that recovery, in our opinion, only in itself can not be a pointer to his involvement with the heinous crime of rape and murder of the deceased. There can be various possibilities of the act of Moinul Haque in hiding the said umbrella. 138. However, that recovery, in our opinion, only in itself can not be a pointer to his involvement with the heinous crime of rape and murder of the deceased. There can be various possibilities of the act of Moinul Haque in hiding the said umbrella. 138. Though prosecution was seeking to project that both the appellants are known to each other and thus both of them were involved in the crime, there is no evidence as to when and how appellant Moinul was involved in this crime. It may be possible that Moinul was himself part of the aforesaid criminal act of sexually assaulting the victim woman as well as killing her, yet, it may be possible that Moinul had come to the scene after the crime already been committed by Salim and merely helped the other accused Salim to dispose of the body to hide the incriminating weapon used as they were well acquainted and friendly term. 139. We have no idea about the actual role played by Moinul except for the confessional statement allegedly made by him and appellant Salim which we have already discarded as being inadmissible in law. Thus, if the confessional statement made by accused Salim and Moinul are discarded, there is nothing to implicate Moinul except to the discovery of the umbrella. The appellant Moinul could have hidden the umbrella at the request of Salim and Moinul might have done it to help his friend. Moinul might have been also involved in the killing of the victim, yet, there is also possibility that Moinul was not involved, as there is no other evidence to show his involvement. Thus, if there are two possibilities, the one which favours an accused should be accepted. 140. Law is well settled that conviction can be sustained even on the basis of recovery of incriminating material. Yet, it has been emphasized again and again that such recovery must be accompanied by other incriminating circumstances which clearly implicate the person other than the incriminating material recovered. 141. In the present case, except for the sole evidence of recovery of the umbrella at the instance of accused appellant Moinul, there is no other evidence or material to show his involvement at any stage of the crime. 142. 141. In the present case, except for the sole evidence of recovery of the umbrella at the instance of accused appellant Moinul, there is no other evidence or material to show his involvement at any stage of the crime. 142. Under the circumstances, we feel that this discovery of the umbrella at the instance of appellant Moinul is too tenuous to sustain the conviction of Moinul for either in the sexual assault or murder of the victim as alleged by the Prosecution. However, since it was at his instance the umbrella was recovered, it clearly indicates his knowledge about the immediate proximate circumstance surrounding the umbrella, that is, to hide the umbrella. Thus, the knowledge of accused Moinul is not only about the place of hiding of the umbrella. We can also impute to the fact that the umbrella was required to be hidden from which it can be inferred that somebody is trying to hide an evidence. To that extent, we can say that the accused Moinul Haque had some idea about the need to hide the umbrella. However, that knowledge cannot be necessarily stressed beyond, to the extent of imputing knowledge of the cause of death and the circumstances of the death of the victim woman. 143. As far as the charge of rape levelled against and conviction of Moinul is concerned, there is no other evidence except the extra-judicial concession made by the appellants Moinul Haque and Salim Uddin which we have clearly held to be inadmissible in law inasmuch as the said confessional statements, even if, being made in presence of civilian witnesses while in the police custody, is clearly and plainly not admissible under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. As discussed above, if the said confessional statement of the appellants are discounted, there is nothing to sustain the charge of rape under Section 376A merely on the basis of the post-mortem report. Though bite marks have been shown in the body of the deceased, yet, it is not proved as to who had caused and how it was caused. 144. In this regard, Mr. Z. Kamar, learned Senior counsel as well as amicus curiae in Death Sentence Ref. Though bite marks have been shown in the body of the deceased, yet, it is not proved as to who had caused and how it was caused. 144. In this regard, Mr. Z. Kamar, learned Senior counsel as well as amicus curiae in Death Sentence Ref. No.1/2018, submits that odontology examination of appellant Moinul was not conducted to ascertain whether he had caused the bite mark found on the body of the deceased though the post-mortem report shows that there was merely bruise on the inner side of left thigh near vulva. 145. It has not been indicated as to how the said bruise was caused. Forensic report of the vaginal smear and vaginal swab sent to pathology returned indicative as no spermatozoa was seen in the vaginal smear. There is also no opinion by the medical expert that the deceased was subjected to sexual intercourse before she died. 146. Therefore, under the circumstances, in absence of any clear evidence of sexual assault on the victim woman, we cannot sustain the conviction of the appellant on the charge of offence under Section 376A. 147. Accordingly, under the circumstances, we are of the view that appellant Moinul can not be convicted for committing offence punishable under Section 302 of IPC or Section 376A of IPC. 148. Though the two appellants were initially charged for committing the offence under Section 302/34, 201/34 and 376A/34 of IPC, the Trial Court ultimately, did not convict the appellant Salim Uddin under Section 376A but convicted the appellant Moinul Haque under Section 376A and 302/201 of IPC. 149. Accordingly, for the reasons discussd above, as far as the conviction of the appellant Moinul Haque under Section 302 of IPC and 376A of IPC is concerned, we are of the view that except for the charge under Section 201 of IPC, the other charges under Sections 302 and 376A of IPC cannot be sustained against appellant Moinul Haque. 150. Accordingly, while we affirm the conviction of appellant Salim Uddin @ Salim under Section 302/201 of IPC, we set aside the conviction of appellant Moinul under Section 302 of IPC as well as 376A of IPC, but uphold his conviction under Section 201 of IPC. 151. Having convicted the aforesaid appellants under the aforesaid Penal provisions, the next question to be considered is the quantum of punishment. 152. 151. Having convicted the aforesaid appellants under the aforesaid Penal provisions, the next question to be considered is the quantum of punishment. 152. In this regard, it may be noted that the learned Trial Court after convicting the appellant, Moinul Haque under Section 302/201/376A of IPC, had imposed punishment of death penalty and the matter was accordingly referred to this High Court for confirmation same as required under Section 366 of Cr.P.C., 1973 which was registered as Death Sentence Ref. Case No.1/2018. 153. In the said Death Sentence Ref. Case No.1/2018, we have already decided vide our judgment and order dated 19.12.2022 that assuming the charge against the appellant Moinul is proved, no case is made out for imposing death penalty. In the present case, since we have already held that Moinul Haque cannot be convicted under Sections 302/376A of IPC, he will be liable to be punished for committing offence only under Section 201 of IPC. 154. It may be noted that punishment for committing offence under Section 201 of IPC will depend on the nature of the offence committed not only by him but also by the accomplices. 155. Accordingly, we will consider the appropriate punishment which may be imposed upon appellant Salim Uddin @ Salim whose conviction under Section 201 of IPC by the learned Trial Court which we have upheld. Considering the heinousness of the crime in which one innocent elderly Headmistress was wantonly assaulted and killed in cold bold without any reason or provocation, we affirm the sentence imposed upon the said appellant Salim by the Trial Court, of Rigorous Imprisonment for life and fine of Rs.20,000/-(Rupees twenty thousand) only for commission of offence under Section 302 of IPC and Rigorous Imprisonment for 3(three) years for commission of offence under Section 201 of IPC. 156. Having pronounced the sentence and award in respect of accused Salim, we will now proceed to decide sentence in respect of the co-accused Moinul as provided under Section 201 of IPC. Since the offence involves life imprisonment, the convict Moinul Haque is sentenced to 3 (three) years of imprisonment with fine of Rs.20,000/- under Section 201 of IPC. 157. With the above modifications, Crl.A.(J) 72/2018 is allowed. However, Crl.A.(J) 71/2018 is dismissed. 158. Since the offence involves life imprisonment, the convict Moinul Haque is sentenced to 3 (three) years of imprisonment with fine of Rs.20,000/- under Section 201 of IPC. 157. With the above modifications, Crl.A.(J) 72/2018 is allowed. However, Crl.A.(J) 71/2018 is dismissed. 158. In view of the decision arrived at by us, the question of enhancement of punishment in respect of accused Salim Uddin @ Salim does not arise for the reason that, firstly, we have already set aside the conviction of accused Moinul Haque under Section 302 and 376A of IPC imposed by the learned Trial Court and sentenced him imprisonment for 3(three) years punishable under Section 201 of IPC. 159. For the aforesaid reasons, we do not find merit in Crl.A.No.322/2019 and accordingly, the same is dismissed. 160. We have noted the able assistance rendered to this Court by Mr. P.K. Munir and Ms. S. Kanongoe, learned amicus Curiae in conducting Crl.A.(J) 72/2018 and Crl.A.(J).71/2018, who may be given the honorarium at the rate fixed under the Rules.