JUDGMENT : 01. JUDGMENT : 01. /kkjk 54 Hkwfe vtZu vf/kfu;e] 1894 ds v/khu ;g vihysa vihykFkhZ&vizkFkhZ us fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] esM+rk o fo}ku vij ftyk U;k;k/kh'k la- 1 ukxkSj ds }kjk fofHkUu jsQjsal izdj.kksa ds Bunch of matters esa ikfjr fu.kZ;ksa ds fo#) izLrqr dh gS] ftlds }kjk izkFkhZx.k ds jsQjsal izdj.k vkaf'kd :i ls Lohdkj fd, x;sA 02- eSaus mHk;i{kksa ds ;ksX; vf/koDrkx.k dh cgl lquh] vk{ksfir fu.kZ;ksa o vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;kA 03- loZizFke vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr izkFkZuk&i= varxZr vkns'k 41 fu;e 27 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk dk fuLrkj.k fd;k tkuk mfpr izrhr gksrk gSA bl laca/k esa ;ksX; vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ us ;g rdZ fn;k gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vk{ksfir vkns'k ds }kjk jsQjsal izdj.kksa esa izfrdj dh jkf'k esa o`f) dh gSA /kkjk 18 Hkwfe vtZu vf/kfu;e] 1894 ¼rnFkZ vf/kfu;e] 1894 ls lacksf/kr½ esa U;k;ky; dks funsZ'k ds ckjs esa izko/kku gSA /kkjk 31¼2½ vf/kfu;e] 1894 ds vuqlkj ftl O;fDr us jde vH;kifr ds v/khu izkIr ugha dh gS] og O;fDr /kkjk 18 vf/kfu;e] 1894 ds v/khu dksbZ vkosnu ugha dj ldrk gSA dsoy 23 O;fDr;ksa us Under-Protest jkf'k@jde izkIr dh gSA 'ks"k O;fDr;ksa us jde fcuk Under-Protest izkIr dh gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vk{ksfir fu.kZ; esa ;g Li"V ugha fd;k gS fd fdl O;fDr us jde Under-Protest izkIr dh vkSj fdlus fcuk Under-Protest jde izkIr dhA tcfd bl fcUnw ds fofu'p; ds fy, ;g rF; fof/kd :i ls vko';d o egRoiw.kZ gSA jde izkfIr dh jlhn izdj.k ds mfpr ,oa fof/klEer fuLrkj.k ds fy, vko';d gSA dqN izR;FkhZ [kkrsnkjksa us o`f)r izfrdj dh jkf'k izkIr dh gS] blfy, /kkjk 18 vf/kfu;e] 1894 ds rgr izLrqr jsQjsal izkFkZuk&i= iks"k.kh; ugha gSA jsQjsal izdj.kksa ds lkFk jde izkfIr dh jlhnsa] Hkwfe vokfIr vf/kdkjh ds }kjk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks izsf"kr djuh pkfg,] ysfdu Hkwfe vokfIr vf/kdkjh us jde izkfIr dh jlhnsa jsQjsal ds lkFk izLrqr ugha dh gSaA jde izkfIr dh jlhnsa Lohd`r nLrkost gSaA izdj.k ds lgh fuLrkj.k ds fy, jde izkfIr dh jlhnksa dks vfHkys[k ij fy, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 04- ;ksX; vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ izkFkhZx.k ¼[kkrsnkj½ us mDr rdksZa dk fojks/k fd;k vkSj ;g rdZ fn;k fd vihykFkhZ vizkFkhZ us fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k lk{; ds fy, pkj o"kksZa rd le; fy;k] ysfdu iz'uxr nLrkostksa dh izekf.kr izfrfyfi;ka pkj o"kksZa rd izLrqr ugha dhA vihykFkhZ vizkFkhZ us fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k iz'uxr nLrkostksa dh izekf.kr izfrfyfi;ka izLrqr ugha djus dk dksbZ U;k;ksfpr dkj.k izdV ugha fd;k gSA izdj.k esa foyac dkfjr djus ds vk'k; ls izys[kksa dks vfHkys[k ij ysus dk vkosnu izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] tks [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 05- eSaus mi;qZDr ijLij fojks/kh rdksZa ij fopkj fd;kA vihykFkhZ vizkFkhZ us vihy dh LVst ij bl U;k;ky; esa izR;FkhZ izkFkhZx.k ¼[kkrsnkj½ }kjk jde izkfIr dh jlhnksa dh izekf.kr izfrfyfi;ka izLrqr dh gSA fdl izR;FkhZ vizkFkhZ us izfrdj dh jkf'k izkIr dh vkSj fdlus izkIr ugha dh gS] ;fn fdlh us izfrdj dh jkf'k izkIr dh gS rks og Under-Protest izkIr dh gS ;k fcuk Under-Protest izkIr dh] bu rF;ksa ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, jde izkfIr dh jlhnsa lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ ,oa lqlaxr gSA 06- mDr fook|d fcUnq ds fofu'p; ds fy, izfrdj jkf'k izkfIr dh jlhnsa lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ ,oa lqlaxr nLrkost gSaA izR;FkhZ dh vksj ls ;g izdV fd;k x;k gS fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k pkj o"kZ rd vihykFkhZ vizkFkhZ us lk{; esa izekf.kr izfrfyfi;ka is'k ugha dhA iz'uxr izys[kksa dh izekf.kr izfrfyfi;ka foyac ls vo'; is'k dh xbZ gS] ysfdu foyac dks [kpsZ ls Compensate fd;k tk ldrk gSA bu Bunch of matters esa dqy 131 vihysa gSaA bu lHkh izdj.kksa esa jde izkfIr dh jlhnsa vFkkZr~ Hkqxrku i= ,d lwph ds :i esa izLrqr fd, x, gSa] ftuesa jkf'k izkIrdrkZ ds gLrk{kj vafdr gksuk crk;k x;k gSA bu Hkqxrku i=@jkf'k izkfIr ds izys[k dks izR;sd izdj.k esa 2]000@&#i;s ¼v{kjs nks gtkj #i;s½ ds [kpsZ ij vfHkys[k ij fy, tkus dk vkns'k fn;k tkrk gSA 07- ;ksX; vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ us vihy ds xq.kkoxq.k ij cgl djrs gq, ;g rdZ fn;k fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us ifjlhek ls lacaf/kr fook|d ds laca/k esa dksbZ fu"d"kZ ugha fn;k gSA pwafd vc izR;FkhZ izkFkhZx.k ¼[kkrsnkj½ }kjk tks izfrdj jkf'k izkIr dh xbZ gS] mldh jlhnsa vfHkys[k ij vk pqdh gSA fdl [kkrsnkj us jde izkIr dh vkSj fdlus izkIr ugha dh] bl laca/k esa Hkh fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us dksbZ fofu'p; ugha fn;k gSA vihykFkhZ vizkFkhZ dh vksj ls vius tokc esa ;g jsQjsal fe;kn ckgj gksus ds vfHkopu vafdr fd, x, gSa vkSj bu vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij jsQjsal fe;kn ckgj gksus ds laca/k esa fook|d Hkh fojfpr gqvk gSA blh izdkj ls izfrdj jkf'k izkIr djus ds dkj.k jsQjsal viks"k.kh; gksus ds laca/k esa Hkh fof/kd iz'u vUrxzZLr gSA /kkjk 31¼2½ Hkwfe vtZu vf/kfu;e] 1894 esa ;g izko/kku gS fd ftl O;fDr us jde fcuk Under-Protest izkIr dh gS] og /kkjk 18 vf/kfu;e] 1894 ds rgr vkosnu ugha dj ldrk gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vk{ksfir fu.kZ; esa jsQjsal dh iks"k.kh;rk o fe;kn ckgj gksus ds laca/k esa dksbZ foospu ugha fd;k gS] blfy, izdj.k iqu% lquokbZ gsrq fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks izfrizsf"kr fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA mUgksaus vius bu rdksaZ dh iqf"V esa fuEufyf[kr uthjsa izLrqr dh %& (1) (1992) 2 SCC 592 : Ashwani Kumar Dhingra Vs. State of Punjab. (2) 2006(2) Mh.LJ 697 : Gebi Bapuji Banjari (Yerwal) Vs. State of Maharashtra & Anr. (3) AIR 1995 SC 2340 : Wardington Lyngdoh & Ors. Vs. The Collector, Mawkyrwat (4) AIR 1997 SC 2642 : Land Acquisition Officer, Vs. Shivabai & Ors. (5) (2008) 12 SCC 577 : Kamlesh Babu & Ors. Vs. Lajpat Rai Sharma & Ors. 08- ;ksX; vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ izkFkhZx.k us bldk fojks/k fd;k vkSj ;g rdZ fn;k fd izkFkhZx.k dh Hkwfe vokfIr dh dk;Zokgh lu~ 1997 esa izkjaHk gqbZA izfrdj dh jkf'k dk pSd nsus ls igys gh jsQjsal izLrqr dj fn;k Fkk o [kkrsnkjksa us jkf'k Hkh Under-Protest izkIr dh gSA jsQjsal izdj.k Hkh lu~ 2004 esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr gq,] blfy, vc izdj.k dks izfrizsf"kr fd, tkus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSA izR;FkhZ izkFkhZx.k xjhc dk'rdkj gSaA izdj.kksa dks izfrizsf"kr fd, tkus dk dksbZ fof/kd vk/kkj ugha gSA vk{ksfir vkns'k fcYdqy mfpr ,oa fof/klEer gS] ftlesa gLr{ksi fd, tkus ds dksbZ i;kZIr vk/kkj ugha gSA blfy, vk{ksfir vkns'k dk leFkZu djrs gq, vihy [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 09- eSaus mi;qZDr ijLij fojks/kh rdksZa ij fopkj fd;kA izdj.k esa fe;kn ds laca/k esa fook|d fojfpr gqvk gS] tks fuEuizdkj ls gS%& ßvk;k jsQjsUl e;kn ckgj gS \ ------vizkFkhZß 10- fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us mi;qZDr fook|d ds laca/k esa jsQjsal izdj.k la[;k 54@2004 o lh-,e-,- uacj 2160@2018 esa ek= ;g vafdr fd;k gS fd %& ßbl fook|d dks lkfcr djus dk Hkkj vizkFkhZx.k ij FkkA bl laca/k esa vizkFkhZx.k dh vksj ls nkSjkus cgl dksbZ ,slh fof/kd fLFkfr Li"V ugha dh xbZ gS fd izkFkhZx.k dk jsQjsal fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa cs:u fe;kn gSA vr% bl fook|d dk fu.kZ; rnuqlkj vizkFkhZx.k ds fo#) fd;k tkrk gSAß 11- mYys[kuh; gS fd jsQjsal fe;kn ckgj gksus ds laca/k esa vihykFkhZ vizkFkhZ us vius tokc esa vfHkopu vafdr fd, gSa vkSj bu vfHkopuksa ds vk/kkj ij fook|d Hkh fojfpr gqvk gSA fe;kn ls lacaf/kr fcUnq fof/k ls lacaf/kr gksrk gSA ;fn vizkFkhZ@foi{kh us fe;kn ds laca/k esa dksbZ vfHkopu vafdr ugha Hkh fd, gksa] rc Hkh U;k;ky; dk ;g drZO; curk gS fd izdj.k fe;kn ds Hkhrj gS vFkok ugha] bl laca/k esa viuk fofu'p; vo'; nsaA fe;kn dk fcanq r; djus dk vkns'kkRed fof/kd drZO; U;k;ky; dk gksrk gSA bl laca/k esa /kkjk 3 ifjlhek vf/kfu;e ds izko/kku fuEuizdkj ls gSa %& "3. Bar of limitation.—(1) Subject to the provisions contained in sections 4 to 24 (inclusive), every suit instituted, appeal preferred, and application made after the prescribed period shall be dismissed, although limitation has not been set up as a defence. (2) ............................ (a) ...................... (i) ................. (ii) ................ (iii) ............... (b) ..................... (i) ................ (ii) ............... (c) ....................." 12- /kkjk 18 vf/kfu;e] 1894 ds izko/kku fuEuizdkj ls gSa %& 18. Reference to Court. - (1) Any person interested who has not accepted the award may, by written application to the Collector, require that the matter be referred by the Collector for the determination of the Court, whether his objection be to the measurement of the land, the amount of the compensation, the persons to whom it is payable, or the apportionment of the compensation among the persons interested. (2) The application shall state the grounds on which objection to the award is taken: Provided that every such application shall be made- (a) if the person making it was present or represented before the Collector at the time when he made his award, within six weeks from the date of the Collector's award; (b) in other cases, within six weeks of the receipt of the notice from the Collector under section 12, sub-section (2), or within six months from the date of the Collector's award, whichever period shall first expire. 13- bl izdkj /kkjk 18¼2½ vf/kfu;e] 1894 esa jsQjsal izLrqr djus dh fe;kn ds laca/k esa izko/kku gS] ysfdu fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us fe;kn ds fcanq ds laca/k esa vk{ksfir vkns'k esa dksbZ foospu rd ugha fd;k gSA 14- blds vfrfjDr bl laca/k esa Åij m)`r Kamlesh Babu Versus Lajpat Rai Sharma & Ors. dh uthj esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us iSjk la[;k 17 o 18 esa fuEufyf[kr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k gS %& 17. It is well settled that Section 3(1) of the Limitation Act casts a duty upon the court to dismiss a suit or an appeal or an application, if made after the prescribed period, although, limitation is not set up as a defence. 18. In the instant case, such a defence has been set up in the written statement though no issue was framed in that regard. 18. In the instant case, such a defence has been set up in the written statement though no issue was framed in that regard. However, when the trial court had in terms of the mandate of Section 3(1) come to a finding that the suit was barred by limitation, it was the duty of the first appellate court and also of the High Court to go into the said question and to decide the same before reversing the judgment of the trial court on the various issues framed in the suit. Even though the various issues were decided in favour of the plaintiff, both by the first appellate court and the High Court, the same were of no avail since the suit continued to remain barred under Article 59 of the Limitation Act, 1963. 15- blh izdkj ls fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vk{ksfir fu.kZ; esa /kkjk 31 vf/kfu;e] 1894 ds laca/k esa Hkh dksbZ Li"V] iw.kZ ,oa ldkjkRed foospu ugha fd;k gSA fdl izkFkhZ [kkrsnkj us izfrdj dh jkf'k izkIr dh vkSj fdlus izkIr ugha dhA ;fn fdlh [kkrsnkj us jkf'k izkIr Hkh dh gS rks D;k jkf'k Under-Protest izkIr dh ;k fcuk Under-Protest izkIr dh] bl laca/k esa dksbZ fu"d"kZ ugha fn;k gSA lkFk gh bl laca/k esa Hkh dksbZ foospu ugha fd;k gS fd vihykFkhZ vizkFkhZ us pSd dc tek djok;s] jsQjsal dc is'k gq,] ;fn fdlh izkFkhZ us jkf'k izkIr dh gS rks dc o dSls vFkkZr Under-Protest/without Under-Protest izkIr dhA tcfd ;s fcanq /kkjk 31 vf/kfu;e] 1894 ds rgr jsQjsal dh iks"k.kh;rk ds laca/k esa lqlaxr ,oa egRoiw.kZ gSA /kkjk 31 vf/kfu;e] 1894 ds izko/kku fuEuizdkj ls gSa %& “31. Payment of compensation or deposit of same in Court. - (1) On making an award under section 11, the Collector shall tender payment of the compensation awarded by him to the persons interested entitled thereto according to the award, and shall pay it to them unless prevented by some one or more of the contingencies mentioned in the next sub-section. Payment of compensation or deposit of same in Court. - (1) On making an award under section 11, the Collector shall tender payment of the compensation awarded by him to the persons interested entitled thereto according to the award, and shall pay it to them unless prevented by some one or more of the contingencies mentioned in the next sub-section. (2) If they shall not consent to receive it, or if there be no person competent to alienate the land, or if there be any dispute as to the title to receive the compensation or as to the apportionment of it, the Collector shall deposit the amount of the compensation in the Court to which a reference under section 18 would be submitted: Provided that any person admitted to be interested may receive such payment under protest as to the sufficiency of the amount: Provided also that no person who has received the amount otherwise than under protest shall be entitled to make any application under section 18: Provided also that nothing herein contained shall affect the liability of any person, who may receive the whole or any part of any compensation awarded under this Act, to pay the same to the person lawfully entitled thereto. (3) Notwithstanding anything in this section, the Collector may, with the sanction of the [appropriate Government] instead of awarding a money compensation in respect of any land, make any arrangement with a person having a limited interest in such land, either by the grant of other lands in exchange, the remission of landrevenue on other lands held under the same title, or in such other way as may be equitable having regard to the interests of the parties concerned. (4) Nothing in the last foregoing sub-section shall be construed to interfere with or limit the power of the Collector to enter into any arrangement with any person interested in the land and competent to contract in respect thereof.” 16- bl izdkj /kkjk 31 vf/kfu;e] 1894 dh mi/kkjk 2 ds f}rh; ijUrqd ds vuqlkj ;fn fdlh O;fDr us fcuk Under-Protest izfrdj dh jkf'k izkIr dh gS] rks og /kkjk 18 vf/kfu;e] 1894 ds v/khu dksbZ vkosnu djus dk gdnkj ugha gksxkA 17- bl laca/k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us Åij m)`r uthj Ashwani Kumar Dhingra Versus State of Punjab ds iSjk la[;k 10 esa fuEukafdr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k gS %& The acceptance of compensation under protest was not done by the appellant with a view to safeguard his right to challenge the acquisition itself but to safeguard his right to require the matter being referred by the Collector for determination of the Court in relation to the matters mentioned in Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act. It is clear from the provisions of Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act that the person interested, in order to enable him to seek the remedy of reference can do so only if he does not accept the Award. In order to show that the person concerned had not accepted the Award the claimants accept the compensation only under protest because once the compensation awarded in pursuance of the Award is accepted without protest the person concerned may lose his right to a reference for various matters mentioned in Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act. 18- bl laca/k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us Åij m)`r uthj Wardington Lyngdoh and others Versus The Collector, Mawkyrwat ds iSjk la[;k 5 esa fuEukafdr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k gS %& "It will thus be clear that the persons interested in the land are entitled to receive compensation awarded by the Collector under S.11 under protest and entitled to object to the compensation determined by the Collector. No person who had received the amount otherwise than under protest should be entitled to make the application under S.18. In other words, the receipt of the amount under protest is a condition precedent to make an application under S.18 within the limitation prescribed under the proviso to sub-s.(2) of S.18 together with the grounds on which the objections have been taken. In other words, the receipt of the amount under protest is a condition precedent to make an application under S.18 within the limitation prescribed under the proviso to sub-s.(2) of S.18 together with the grounds on which the objections have been taken. Thereon the Collector is enjoined to make a reference to the Civil Court with the statement in the manner stated in S.19." 19- vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr vkosnu varxZr vkns'k 41 fu;e 27 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk Lohdkj dj izfrdj jkf'k dh Hkqxrku izkfIr dh jlhnsa vfHkys[k ij yh tk pqdh gSaA fdl O;fDr us jkf'k Under-Protest izkIr dh vkSj fdlus fcuk Under-Protest jkf'k izkIr dh gS] bl rF; dk fofu'p; gLrxr izdj.k esa lqlaxr ,oa egRoiw.kZ gksus ls vko';d gSA Hkqxrku izkfIr dh jlhnksa ds ckjs esa i{kdkjku~ dh lk{; vfHkys[k ij gksuk vko';d izrhr gksrk gS] blfy, dsoy ek= Hkqxrku izkfIr dh jlhnksa ds ckjs esa] ;fn dksbZ i{k lk{; is'k djuk pkgs rks] bl lhek rd izdj.k esa lk{; ys[kc) dj ;g fcUnq o fe;kn laca/kh fcUnq ds fofu'p; gsrq izdj.k fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkuk mfpr ,oa fof/klEer izrhr gksrk gSA 20- ifj.kker% vihykFkhZ vizkFkhZ dh ;g vihy Lohdkj dh tkdj fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds }kjk bu izdj.kksa esa ikfjr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; dks vikLr fd;k tkrk gS] fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks izdj.k bl funsZ'k ds lkFk izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkrk gS fd bl vkns'k esa gq, mi;qZDr foospu ls izfrdwy :i ls izHkkfor gq, fcuk] i{kdkjksa dks dsoy Hkqxrku izkfIr dh jlhnksa ds laca/k esa lk{; izLrqr djus dk volj nsdj ,oa mi;qZDr observation ds ifjizs{; esa lquokbZ dk iqu% leqfpr volj nsrs gq, izdj.k esa u, fljs ls fof/k vuqlkj fu.kZ; ikfjr djsaA 21- pwafd] jsQjsal izdj.k dkQh iqjkus gSa] blfy, fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks funsZf'kr fd;k tkrk gS fd bl vkns'k dh izekf.kr izfrfyfi vfHkys[k lfgr izkIr gksus dh fnukad ls 06 ekg ds Hkhrj izdj.kksa dk fuLrkj.k djsaA 22- bl vkns'k dh izfr lfgr fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk vfHkys[k 'kh?kz izsf"kr gksA 23- i{kdkjksa dks funsZf'kr fd;k tkrk gS fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k fnukad 15-11-2022 dks mifLFkr gksaA 24- dk;kZy; dks funsZf'kr fd;k tkrk gS fd bl vkns'k dh ,d izfr izR;sd connected i=koyh esa layXu djsaA