fu.kZ; 1- orZeku f}rh; vihy vihykFkÊ }kjk U;k;ky; la;qä iath;d] lgdkjh laLFkk,a] eqjSuk }kjk vihy çdj.k Øekad & 78&85@2020 esa ikfjr vkns'k fnukafdr 13-7-2020 O;fFkr g¨dj e-ç- lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ vfèkfu;e 1969] ftls vkxs ^vfèkfu;e^ dgk tkosxk] dh èkkjk 78¼2½ d¢ vèkhu çLrqr dh xà gSA 2- çdj.k d¢ rF; laf{kIrr% bl çdkj gSa & vihykFkÊ lsok lgdkjh laLFkk e;kZfnr rqylsQ esa o"kZ 1991 ls lgk;d lfefr çcaèkd FkkA mä laLFkk dk c¨MZ Òax g¨us ls çR;FkÊ Ø-&1 eà 2015 ls lfefr çcaèkd rFkk mld¢ i'pkr ç'kkld gSA vihykFkÊ dh d¨Ã f'kdk;r laLFkk d¢ fdlh lnL; fdlku ;k fdlh fgrc) i{kdkj }kjk ugÈ dh xà gS rFkk vihykFkÊ d¨ vius laiw.kZ lsokdky esa d¨Ã dkj.k crkv¨ lwpuk i= ugÈ fn;k x;k gS] çR;FkÊ Ø-&1 }kjk vihykFkÊ d¨ o"kZ 2017 esa fuyafcr fd;k x;k] ftldh tkudkjh vihykFkÊ d¨ ugÈ g¨us nh v©j fuyacu vkns'k d¢ i'pkr vdkj.k rFkk fcuk fdlh vkj¨i i= tkjh fd, ç'ukèkhu vkns'k ls vihykFkÊ dh lsok lekIr dh xÃ] ftlls O;fFkr g¨dj vihykFkÊ }kjk U;k;ky; lgk;d iath;d] lgdkjh] laLFkk,a ftyk ';¨iqj d¢ le{k okn is'k fd;k x;k t¨ çdj.k Ø- & @lh@2019@144 d¢ :i esa ntZ dj vkns'k fnukad 24-2-20 d¨ vihykFkÊ d¢ i{k esa t;if=r fd;k tkdj Lohdkj fd;k x;kA çR;FkÊ Ø- 1 laLFkk }kjk mä vkns'k d¨ fo}ku vèkhuLFk U;k;ky; d¢ le{k çFke vihy is'k dj pqu©rh nh xÃ] ftls fo}ku la;qä iath;d }kjk çdj.k Ø-&78&85@20 d¢ :i esa ntZ dj vky¨P; vkns'k fnukad 13-7-20 }kjk laLFkk d¢ i{k esa t;if=r fd;k x;k] ftlls O;fFkr g¨dj vihykFkÊ }kjk orZeku f}rh; vihy vfèkdj.k d¢ le{k is'k dh xÃA 3- vihykFkÊ }kjk çLrqr vihy] fofèk d¢ vèk¨fyf[kr lkjoku ç'u¨a dh varjxzLrrk d¢ n`f"Vxr lquokà gsrq xzkº; dh xà & 1- D;k çFke vihyh; U;k;ky; d¢ le{k vihykFkÊ d¨ i{kdkj d¢ :i esa la;¨ftr fd, cxSj çR;FkÊ }kjk is'k vihy çpyu ;¨X; Fkh\ 2- D;k ç'kkld }kjk vihykFkÊ d¢ laca/k esa dh xà lsok lekfIr fofèk vuqdwy Fkh\ 3- D;k fopkj.k U;k;ky; d¢ le{k is'k fookn le;fofèk ckfèkr :i ls is'k fd;k x;k Fkk\ 4- D;k fo}ku vèkhuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk çfrikfnr fu"d"kZ foi;ZLr gS\ 4- mÒ; i{k¨a d¢ fo}ku vfèkoäkx.k¨a dh çkFkZuk ij ekeys d¢ lacaèk esa vafre rdZ Jo.k fd, x,A 5- fofèkd ç'u Ø-&1 D;k çFke vihyh; U;k;ky; d¢ le{k vihykFkÊ d¨ i{kdkj d¢ :i esa la;¨ftr fd, cxSj çR;FkÊ }kjk is'k vihy çpyu ;¨X; Fkh\ vihykFkÊ vfèkoäk }kjk vihy Kki vuqlkj rdZ çLrqr fd;k x;k fd oLrqr% fopkj.k U;k;ky; d¢ le{k vihykFkÊ }kjk çR;FkÊ Ø-&1 laLFkk }kjk mld¢ fo#) ikfjr lsok lekfIr vkns'k fnukad 28-3-18 d¨ vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 55¼2½ varxZr fookn is'k dj pqu©rh nh xÃA mä fookn esa çR;FkÊ Ø-&1 çfroknh d¢ :i esa la;¨ftr FkkA fookn d¨ fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vkns'k fnukad 22-2-20 }kjk vihykFkÊ d¢ i{k esa t;if=r fd;k tkdj mldh lsok,a laLFkk esa çÒkjh çcaèkd d¢ in ij cgky dh xà ftld¢ fo#) laLFkk lfefr çcaèkd }kjk la;qä iath;d d¢ le{k çFke vihy is'k dh xà ftlesa d¢oy lgk;d iath;d lgdkjh laLFkk,a ';¨iqj d¨ çR;FkÊ@çfroknh d¢ :i esa la;¨ftr fd;k x;k fdUrq vihykFkÊ] t¨ ekeys esa fgrc)] çÒkfor ,oa O;fFkr i{kdkj Fkk] d¨ i{kdkj ugÈ cukrs gq, fo}ku vèkhuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk vky¨P; vkns'k fnukad 13-7-20 ikfjr fd, tkus esa oSèkkfud =qfV dkfjr dh gSA çR;FkÊ vfèkoäk }kjk rdZ çLrqr fd;k x;k fd vihykFkÊ }kjk çLrqr nkok le;kofèk ckfèkr FkkA laLFkk ç'kkld }kjk mld¢ fo#) dh xà dk;Zokgh vfèkdkfjrkjfgr ugÈ Fkh fdUrq bl rF; ij Lohdkj¨fä çdV dh xà fd çFke vihyh; U;k;ky; d¢ le{k vihykFkÊ i{kdkj d¢ :i esa la;¨ftr ugÈ FkkA bld¢ ckotwn la;qä iath;d }kjk ikfjr vkns'k dk fofèkiw.kZ g¨uk vfÒdfFkr djrs gq, ;g fofèkd fcUnq vihykFkÊ d¢ fo#) ,oa çR;FkÊ Ø-&1 d¢ i{k esa vfÒfuèkkZfjr fd;k tkuk çkfFkZr fd;k x;kA 6- mÒ;i{k¨a d¢ rdZ ,oa vfÒys[k d¢ voy¨du ls çFke n`"V;k ;g çdV g¨rk gS fd vihykFkÊ }kjk mld¢ fo#) çR;FkÊ Ø-&1 laLFkk }kjk ikfjr lsok lekfIr vkns'k fnukad 28-3-18 d¨ mld¢ }kjk lgk;d iath;d ';¨iqj d¢ le{k vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 55¼2½ d¢ varxZr fookn is'k dj pqu©rh nh xà ftlesa çR;FkÊ Ø-&1 laLFkk ç'kkld d¨ çfroknh d¢ :i esa la;¨ftr fd;k x;kA fo}ku lgk;d iath;d }kjk vihykFkÊ }kjk çLrqr fookn d¨ vkns'k fnukad 22-2-20 }kjk vihykFkÊ d¢ i{k esa t;if=r dj mls lsok esa cgky fd;k x;k ftlls O;fFkr g¨dj çR;FkÊ Ø-&1 laLFkk çcaèkd }kjk vèkhuLFk U;k;ky; d¢ le{k çFke vihy is'k dh xÃA vihy Kki d¢ voy¨du ls Li"V gS fd laLFkk çcaèkd }kjk çLrqr çFke vihy esa d¢oy lgk;d iath;d lgdkjh laLFkk,a ftyk ';¨iqj d¨ çR;FkÊ d¢ :i esa la;¨ftr fd;k x;k gS tcfd vky¨P; vkns'k vihykFkÊ d¢ fo#) ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA Li"Vr;k vihykFkÊ ekeys d¢ lacaèk esa fgrc)] çÒkfor ,oa O;fFkr i{kdkj Fkk] fdUrq çkÑfrd U;k; fl)kar¨a d¢ vuqikyu esa vihykFkÊ d¨ lquokà dk volj çnku fd, cxSj vky¨P; vkns'k ikfjr fd, tkus esa fo}ku la;qä iath;d }kjk =qfV dkfjr dh tkuk ifjyf{kr g¨rk gSA Audi alteram partem ¼nwljs i{k d¨ Òh lqu¨½ çkÑfrd U;k; fl)kar dk gh ,d fl)kar gS ftld¢ vuqlkj d¨Ã Òh vknss'k dh dk;Zokgh djus d¢ iwoZ mlls çÒkfor g¨us okys (aggrieved party) O;fä d¨ lquk tkuk vfuok;Z gS ,oa cxSj lquokà d¢ ikfjr fd;k x;k vknss'k fofèklaxr ugÈ ekuk tk ldrkA bl fl)kar d¨ ekuuh; lo¨ZPp U;k;ky; us Òh le;≤ ij vius U;k;n`"Vkar¨a d¢ ekè;e ls iq"V fd;k gSA In case of B. Karunakar (1993) 4, SCC 727 the Constitution Bench of Hon.SC. has held that the Court of Tribunal should make a distinction between a total violation of natural justice (Rule of audi alteram partem) and violation of facet of the said rule in other words a distincition must be made between 'no opportunity' and ''no adequate opportunity' i.e. between 'no notice'/ no hearing' and no fair hearing.'' In other words a distinction must be made between 'no opportunity' and ''no addequate opportunity' i.e. beteeen ' no notice'/ 'no hearing' and 'no fair hearing.'' In the case of former the order passed would undoubtedly be invalid or void. In such cases normally liberty will be reserved for the Authority to take proceedings afresh according to law. i.e. in accordance with the said rule. (audi alteram partem) In its recent judgement in case of ''State of U.P. v. Sudhir Kumar Singh & ors'' 2020 (6) Supreme 708 Hon. SC after relying upon the aforesaid judgement of the Constitutional Bench has held that - Natural Justice Rule of audi alteram partem- Only exception to this rule is where, on admitted or indisputable facts only on conclusion is possible and under law only one penalty is permissible Natural Justice is flexible tool in hands of judiciary to reach out in fit cases to remedy injustice. Breach of audi alteram partem rule cannot by itself, without more, lead to conclusion that prejudice is thereby caused - Where procedural and/or substantive provisions of law embody principles of natural justice, their infraction per se does not lead to invalidity of orders passed. Here again prejudice must be caused to litigant, except in case of a mandatory provision of law which is conceived not only in individual interest, but also in public interes. No prejudice is caused to person complaining of breach of natural justice where such person does not dispute case against him or it. This can happen by reason of estoppel acquiescence, waiver and by way of non-challenge or non-denial or admission of facts, in cases in which Court finds on facts that no real prejudice can be said to have been caused to person complaining of breach of natural justice. This can happen by reason of estoppel acquiescence, waiver and by way of non-challenge or non-denial or admission of facts, in cases in which Court finds on facts that no real prejudice can be said to have been caused to person complaining of breach of natural justice. In cases where facts can be stated to be admitted or indisputable, and only one conclusion is possible, Court does not pass futile orders of setting aside or remand when there is, in fact, no prejudice caused- This conclusion must be drawn by Court on an appraisal of facts of a case and not by authority who denies natural justice to a person - ''Prejudice'' exception must be more than a mere apprehension or even a reasonable suspicion of a litigant- It should exists as a matter of fact, or be based upon a definite inference of likelihood of prejudice flowing from non-observance of natural justice. 7- mij¨ä foospu d¢ vky¨d esa orZeku vihy esa fujkdj.k gsrq vfÒfuèkkZfjr fofèkd ç'u Øekad 2] 3] 4 ij fopkj fd, tkus dh vko';drk çfrikfnr ugÈ g¨rh gSA 8- ifj.kker% vihykFkÊ }kjk çLrqr orZeku vihy Lohdkj dh tkdj fo}ku la;qä iath;d }kjk ikfjr vky¨P; vkns'k fnukad 13-7-20 fujLr fd;k tkdj çdj.k la;qä iath;d] pacy laÒkx eqjSuk d¨ bl funsZ'k d¢ lkFk çR;kofrZr fd;k tkrk gS fd çFke vihy esa vihykFkÊ }kjk fofèk esa lqlaxr çkoèkku¨a d¢ varxZr i{kdkj d¢ :i esa la;¨ftr fd, tkus fo"k;d vkosnu çLrqfr dh n'kk esa mls çFke vihy esa çR;FkÊ d¢ :i ea la;¨ftr fd, tkus fo"k;d fu.kZ; ysdj mÒ; i{k¨a d¨ lquokà ,oa çfrj{k.k d¨ fofèkor volj ikfjr djrs gq, çFke vihy dk fofèk vuqlkj mÒ; i{k¨a d¢ :i le{k mifLFkfr fnukad ls rhu ekg dh le;kofèk eè; fujkdj.k fd;k tkuk lqfuf'pr djsaA ;gk¡ ;g Òh Li"V fd;k tkrk gS fd çFke vihy d¢ vafre fujkdj.k rd fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 22-2-20 dk fØ;kUo;u LFkfxr jgsxkA 9- mÒ; i{k¨a d¨ mud¢ vfèkoäkx.k¨a d¢ ekè;e ls funsZf'kr fd;k tkrk gS fd os çFke vihyh; U;k;ky; la;qä iath;d lgdkjh laLFkk,a pacy laÒkx eqjSuk d¢ le{k vkxkeh fnukad 22-4-22 d¨ mifLFkr jgsaxs ,oa çFke vihy d¢ fujkdj.k esa U;k;ky; d¨ viuk lg;¨x çnku djsaxsA orZeku vihy mij¨äkuqlkj fujkÑr jgsA