JUDGMENT : 01- vihykFkhZ }kjk ;g vihy fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] fljksgh ds vk{ksfir vkns'k fnukad 02-03-2022 ls O;fFkr gksdj is'k dh xbZ] ftlds }kjk vihykFkhZ dk izkFkZuk&i= vUrxZr vkns'k 39 fu;e 1 o 2 lifBr /kkjk 151 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk [kkfjt fd;k x;kA 02- la{ksi esa ekeys ds rF; bl izdkj gS fd vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k okn&i=] olh;rukek dks 'kwU; ?kksf"kr fd, tkus o lEifRr ds foHkktu o LFkkbZ fu"ks|kKk dk izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] ftlds lkFk vLFkkbZ fu"ks/kkKk dk izkFkZuk&i= vUrxZr vkns'k 39 fu;e 1 o 2 lifBr /kkjk 151 flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk izLrqr dj ;g fuosnu fd;k x;k fd psukth ds nks iq= galk th o jktkjke th Fks] ftuds la;qDr uke ls 1050 oxZQhV vkoklh; Hkw[k.M e; edku jktekrk /keZ'kkyk ds ikl fLFkr gS] ftldk iV~Vk la[;k 493 fnukafdr 14-11-1951 dysDVj fljksgh }kjk tkjh fd;k gqvk gSA ftldk iqjkuk iV~Vk la[;k 2502 fnukad 09-02-1913 gSA galk th dh e`R;q 21-05-1995 dks o jktk jke th e`R;q 16-04-1963 dks gks pqdh gSA galk th ds nks iq= o ,d iq=h ds'koyky] fgEerjke o jruckbZ gSA ftlesa ds'koyky dh e`R;q gks pqdh gSA ftlds okfjl Jherh jatunsoh iRuh vizkFkhZ la[;k 2 mohZ'k dqekj iq= vizkFkhZ la[;k 3 o fgjydqekjh izkFkhZ la[;k 3 gS vkSj galk th dk iq= fgEerjke vizkFkhZ la[;k 1] jruckbZ vizkFkhZ la[;k 5 gSA bl lEifRr esa galkth ds 1@2 fgLlk ds 3 fgLlk vuqlkj lEifRr esa ds'koyky e`rd dk 1@6] fgEerjke dk 1@6 o jruckbZ dk 1@6 fgLlk gqvk vkSj ds'koyky dh e`R;q ds i'pkr mldk fgLlk iRuh Jherh jatu nsoh] moh'k dqekj o fgjy dks izkIr gqvkA 03- vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls vius vfHkopu esa ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd jktk jke th e`R;q ds i'pkr mlds rhu iq= 'kadjyky] inekjke o x.ks'kjke mRrjkf/kdkjh gq, vkSj 'kadjyky dh e`R;q gks pqdh gS] ftldh iRuh Jherh deyk nsoh izkFkhZ la[;k 1 gS vkSj inekjke vizkFkhZ la[;k 4] x.ks'kjke izkFkhZ la[;k 2 gSA jktk jke th ds 1@2 fgLlk gksus ls lEifRr esa 'kadjyky] inekjke o x.ks'kjke izR;sd dk 1@6&1@6 fgLlk gqvk vkSj 'kadjyky dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ 'kadjyky dk fgLlk Jherh deyk nsoh dks izkIr gqvkA 04- vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls ;g fuosnu fd;k x;k fd galk jke th o jktk jke th ds e/; caVokjk ugha gqvk vkSj fcuk caVokjs ds dksbZ fuekZ.k dk;Z ugha djok;k tk ldrkA la;qDr ifjokj ds lHkh lnL;ksa dk la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj dh leLr lEifRr ij leku gd] fgLlk o LokfeRo gS] ftlij izkFkhZx.k o vizkFkhZx.k dk la;qDr dCtk pyk vk jgk gSA Lo- galkjke th o Lo- jktk jke th dh mDr lEifRr dk Lo- galkjke th dks olh;r djus dk dksbZ gd vf/kdkj ugha gS u gh mDr lEifRr dk dHkh dksbZ caVokMk ;k fjyht ;k fdlh Hkh izdkj ls dksbZ ikfjokfjd le>kSrk gh gqvk gS] ftlls mDr lEifRr la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj dh gh lEifRr gSA vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 fiNys dbZ o"kksZa ls mDr lEifRr gM+ius gsrq iz;kljr gSA galkth viuh vk;q ds lkrosa n'kd esa 'kkjhfjd o ekufld :i ls vLoLFk jgus yxsA ftl ij vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 fgEerjke }kjk "kM+;a= dj olh;rukek fu"ikfnr djus dk ncko nsus yxkA fnukad 27-01-2022 dks izkFkhZ la[;k 1 }kjk oknxzLr lEifRr vkoklh; edku dks rksM+&QksM+ djus gsrq vk;k rc oknhx.k us vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 ds }kjk oknxzLr lEifRr dks rksM+&QksM+ djus dk fojks/k fd;k ftl ij vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 us vius i{k esa galk th }kjk rFkkdfFkr olh;r ukek fd, tkus dh ckr crkbZA olh;rukek fnukad 22-11-1994 dh olh;r ns[kus ij vk'p;Z gqvkA Lo- galkth }kjk dHkh olh;rukek fu"ikfnr ugha fd;k x;k FkkA NyiwoZd galkth dh ekufld vLoLFkrk dk ykHk mBkdj mDr nLrkost djok;k x;k gSA 05- izkFkhZ&vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls ;g fuosnu fd;k fd galk th us vius thoudky esa dksbZ olh;r dk fu"iknu viuh LosPNk ls ugha fd;k gSA galkjke th fnukad 22-11-1994 dks olh;r dk fu"iknu djus esa l{ke ugha Fks o vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 }kjk vkijkf/kd "kM~;a= dj NyiwoZd olh;rukek nLrkost rS;kj djok;k gSA mDr lEifRr la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj dh lEifRr gksus ls lEifRr dk caVokjk fd, fcuk vizkFkhZ la[;k 1 fdlh Hkh izdkj dk dksbZ fuekZ.k dk;Z Lo;a ds fy, ugha [TRUNCATED] –--------But it is well-settled that in order to establish adverse possession of one co-heir as against another it is not enough to show that one out of them is in sole possession and enjoyment of the profits of the properties. Ouster of the non-possessing co-heir by the co-heir in possession, who claims his possession to be. adverse, should be made out. The possession of one co-heir is considered, in law, as possession of all the co-heirs. When one co-heir is found to be in possession of the properties it is presumed to be on the basis of joint title. The coheir in possession cannot render his possession adverse to the other co-heir not in possession merely by any secret hostile animus on his own part in derogation of the other co-heir's title." 21- ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Kailash Rai Vs. Jai Jai Ram and Ors., AIR 1973 SC 893 ds iSjk la[;k 9 esa fuEukuqlkj fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %& "9. ---------In law the possession of one co-sharer is possession both on his behalf as well as on behalf of all the other co-sharers unless ouster is pleaded and established. In this case, as Raj. High Court Jodhpur pointed out by us earlier, the finding is that the defendants have not raised! the plea of ouster. -------the normal principal that possession by one co-sharer is possession for all has to be applied. Further, even when one co-sharer is in possession of the land, the other co-sharers must be considered to be in constructive possession of the land. The expression possession in Clause (a), in our opinion, takes in not only actual physical possession, but also constructive possession that a person has in law. If so, when the defendants were in possession of the lands and when no plea of ouster had been raised or established, such possession is also on behalf of the plaintiff-appellant. Under such circumstances, the lands can be considered to be the possession of the appellant or, at any rate, in his constructive possession." 22- ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Darshan Singh & Ors. vs. Gujjar Singh (Dead) By Lrs. & Ors., (2002) 2 SCC 62 ds iSjk la[;k 9 esa fuEukuqlkj fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %& "9. Under such circumstances, the lands can be considered to be the possession of the appellant or, at any rate, in his constructive possession." 22- ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Darshan Singh & Ors. vs. Gujjar Singh (Dead) By Lrs. & Ors., (2002) 2 SCC 62 ds iSjk la[;k 9 esa fuEukuqlkj fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %& "9. In our view, the correct legal position is that possession of a property belonging to several co-sharers by one co-sharer shall be deemed that he possess the property on behalf of the other co-sharers unless there has been a clear ouster by denying the title of other co-sharers and mutation in the revenue record in the name of one co-sharer would not amount to ouster unless there is a clear declaration that title of the other co-sharers was denied." 23- ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Md. Mohammad Ali (Dead) By Lrs vs. Sri Jagadish Kalita & Ors., (2004) 1 SCC 271 ds iSjk la[;k 18 o 19 esa fuEukuqlkj foospu fd;k x;k gS %& "18. –--if no partition by meets and bounds took place, the respondents herein were bound to plead and prove ouster of the plaintiff and/ or his predecessors' interest from the land in question. For the said purpose, it was obligatory on the part of the respondents herein to specifically plead and prove as to since when their possession became adverse to the other co-sharers. Moreover, if the possession of Prafulla Kalita was permissive or he obtained the same pursuant to some sort of arrangement as had been observed by the High Court, the plea of adverse possession would fail. 19. Long and continuous possession by itself, it is trite, would not constitute adverse possession. Even non-participation in the rent and profits of the land to a co-sharer does not amount to ouster so as to give title by prescription. A co-sharer, as is well settled, becomes a constructive trustee of other co-sharer and the right of the appellant and/or his predecessors in interest would, thus, be deemed to be protected by the trustee. As noticed herein before, the respondents in their written statement raised a plea of adverse possession only against the third set of the defendants. A plea of adverse possession set up by the respondents, as reproduced hereinbefore, do not meet the requirements of law also in proving ouster of a co-sharer. As noticed herein before, the respondents in their written statement raised a plea of adverse possession only against the third set of the defendants. A plea of adverse possession set up by the respondents, as reproduced hereinbefore, do not meet the requirements of law also in proving ouster of a co-sharer. But in the event, the heirs and legal representatives of Gayaram Kalita and Kashiram Kalita partitioned their properties by meets and bounds, they would cease to be co-sharers in which event a plea of adverse possession as contra distinguished from the plea of ouster could be raised. The courts in a given situation may on reading of the written statement in its entirety come to the conclusion that a proper plea of adverse possession has been raised if requisite allegations therefor exist. In the event the plaintiff proves his title, he need not prove that he was in possession within 12 years from the date of filing of suit. If he fails to prove his title, the suit fails." 24- ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vius Reportable Judgment, Jai Singh and Ors. Versus Gurmej Singh, (2009) 15 SCC 747 ds iSjk la[;k 9 esa fuEukuqlkj fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS %& 9. ----The principles relating to the inter-se rights and liabilities of co-sharers are as follows: (1) A co-owner has an interest in the whole property and also in every parcel of it. (2) Possession of joint property by one co-owner is in the eye of law,possession of all even if all but one are actually out of possession. (3) A mere occupation of a larger portion or even of an entire joint property does not necessarily amount to ouster as the possession of one is deemed to be on behalf of all. (4) The above rule admits of an exception when there is ouster of a co-owner by another. But in order to negative the presumption of joint possession on behalf of all, on the ground of ouster, the possession of a co-owner must not only be exclusive but also hostile to the knowledge of the other as, when a co-owner openly asserts his own title and denies, that of the other. (5) Passage of time does not extinguish the right of the co-owner who has been out of possession of the joint property except in the event of ouster or abandonment. (5) Passage of time does not extinguish the right of the co-owner who has been out of possession of the joint property except in the event of ouster or abandonment. (6) Every co-owner has a right to use the joint property in a husband like manner not inconsistent with similar rights of other co-owners. (7) Where a co-owner is in possession of separate parcels under an arrangement consented by the other co-owners, it is not open to anybody to disturb the arrangement without the consent of others except by filing a suit for partition. (7) Where a co-owner is in possession of separate parcels under an arrangement consented by the other co-owners, it is not open to anybody to disturb the arrangement without the consent of others except by filing a suit for partition. 25- iwoZ esa of.kZr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa esa izfrikfnr fl)karksa ls ;g Li"V gS fd its'ku nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa Physical possession o constructive possession rFkk lEifRr esa ,d ls vf/kd Co-sharer gksus dh voLFkk esa ;fn ,d Co-sharer dk HkkSfrd dCtk gS] rks Hkh vU; Co-sharer dk constructive dCtk gksuk ekuk tkrk gS vkSj ftl Co-sharer dk dCtk HkkSfrd :i ls gS] og vU; Co-sharer ds dCts ds VªLVh ds :i esa ekuk tkrk gS] blds viokn esa dsoy ;g gS fd HkkSfrd dCts okys Co-sharer plea of ouster ys ldrk gS vkSj ouster ds fy, Bksl rF; gksus pkfg, vkSj ,d Co-sharer dk vf/kdka'k Hkkx esa ;k lEiw.kZ Hkkx esa dCts gksus ek= ls ouster ugha ekuk tk ldrkA gLrxr ekeys esa izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 }kjk plea of ouster ugha yh xbZ gSA dsoy ek= lEifRr esa caVokjk gksuk rFkk galk th }kjk izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 ds i{k esa olh;r djus dk vk/kkj fy;k x;k gS vkSj dkQh iqjkuk dCtk HkkSfrd :i ls izR;FkhZ la[;k 1 dk gksuk crk;k gSA izR;FkhZx.k dk dCtk fdlh Hkh Hkkx ij ugha gksuk crk;k gSA 26- bl ekeys esa izkFkhZx.k&vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls olh;r dks pSysat fd;k x;k gS vkSj caVokjs dk vuqrks"k pkgk x;k gSA ,slh voLFkk esa Co-sharer ds vk/kkj ij vihykFkhZ ds constructive dCts ij fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA dsoy ek= bl vk/kkj ij fd HkkSfrd dCtk izkFkhZx.k&vihykFkhZx.k lkfcr ugha dj ik;k gS] izkFkhZx.k dk izkFkZuk i= [kkfjt ugha fd;k tk ldrkA 27- bl ekeys esa fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkar Shravan Kumar Versus Dinesh, SB Civil Writ Petition 7253/2017 fu.kZ; fnukad 11-07-2017 ¿2018 ¼1½ lhMhvkj 327 ¼jktLFkku½À ds ekeys esa dksbZ nLrkosth lk{; caVokjk gksus ckcr~ ugha ikbZ xbZ Fkh] ml voLFkk esa ;FkkfLFkfr cuk, j[kus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj ml ekeys esa bl U;k;ky; }kjk vkfVZdy 227 ds rgr vkns'k esa gLr{ksi fd;k x;k Fkk] tcfd bl ekeys esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vkns'k flfoy fofo/k vihy ds :i esa pSysat fd;k x;k gS vkSj vk{ksfir vkns'k esa vkns'k ek= HkkSfrd dCtk lkfcr ugha gksus ds vk/kkj ij gh ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA vU; vk/kkjksa ij fopkj ugha fd;k x;k gSA ,slh voLFkk esa vkns'k ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ds ifjizs{; esa dCts ds laca/k esa iqu% fopkj ;ksX; gS vkSj vk{ksfir vkns'k fof/klEer~ ugha gksus ls vk{ksfir vkns'k esa gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gSA ,slh voLFkk esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vkns'k fujLr dj izdj.k dks iqu% i{kdkjku~ dh cgl lqudj fuLrkfjr djus ds fy, izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gSA 28- tgka rd fo}ku vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ dh vksj ls izLrqr dukZVd mPp U;k;ky; ds fuEufyf[kr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk iz'u gS]%& 1. Dundappa Fakkirappa Basapur Vs Mala @ Malini W/o Shivappa, RSA NO-100578/2014 (PAR), Dated 16-02-2022. 2. Smt. Honnamma Vs Smt Puttathayamma, R.F.A. No. 2460/2006 (Dec.), Dated 23-03-2022. 3. Sri. V.S. Chikkaveera Vs. Sri. M.S. Shankaregowda, Writ Petition No. 12572/2016 (GM-CPC), Dated 06-01-2021. 4. Karegowda S/o Gurubasanagowda... Vs Gururaja S/o Dyavanagowda..., R.F.A. No. 842/2006, Dated 22-12-2020. izdj.k v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkuk r; fd;k x;k gS] ,slh voLFkk esa bu U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ij foospu fd, tkus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSA 29- vr% vihy vihykFkhZ vkaf'kd :i ls Lohdkj dh tkdj fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] fljksgh ds vk{ksfir vkns'k fnukad 02-03-2022 fujLr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dks ;g funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gS fd bl fu.kZ; esa of.kZr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dks en~nsutj j[krs gq, i{kdkjku~ dh vksj ls izkFkZuk i= o tokc esa mBk, x, vU; fcUnqvksa ij Hkh fopkj dj fof/klEer~ vkns'k ikfjr djsaA i{kdkjku~ dks ikcan fd;k tkrk gS fd fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds le{k fnukad 24-05-2023 dks mifLFkr gksaA 30- bl vkns'k dh izfr ds lkFk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fjdkWMZ rqjar fHktok;k tk,A v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dks ;g Hkh vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd izdj.k dk tgka rd laHko gks 'kh?kz fuLrkj.k dk iz;kl fd;k tkosA