JUDGMENT : UMA SHANKER VYAS, J. 1. ;kph@vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls ;g vkijkf/kd fuxjkuh ;kfpdk fo}ku vij ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] vdysjk ftyk&>kykokM }kjk vkijkf/kd vihy la[;k 35@2018 rFkk 38@2018 tks fd dze'k% ifjoknh rFkk jkT; ljdkj dh vksj ls izLrqr dh x;ha] esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 14-12-2020 ls O;fFkr gksdj is'k dh x;h gS ftlds ek/;e ls fopkj.k U;k;ky; vfrfjDr eq[; U;kf;d eftLV?sV] euksgjFkkuk] ftyk&>kykokM }kjk fu;fer vkijkf/kd izdj.k la[;k 489@2011] vijk/k vUrxZr /kkjk 392] 332] 353] 506 Hkk-na-la- rFkk 3 ih-Mh-ih-ih- ,DV eas vfHk;qDr ds fo:) ikfjr nks"keqfDr ds fu.kZ; fnukad 02-04-2018 dks vikLr@mikUrfjr djrs gq, /kkjk 332] 392 Hkk-na-la- ds vkjksi esa fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds nks"keqfDr ds fu.kZ; dks ;Fkkor j[kk] fdUrq /kkjk 353 506 Hkk-na-la- rFkk 3 ih-Mh-ih-ih- ,DV esa dh x;h nks"keqfDr dks vikLr djrs gq, nks"kfl) dj fuEukuqlkj nafMr fd;k x;k& dze nks"kfl) vijk/k n.Mkns'k 1. 353 Hkk-na-la- 02 o"kZ dBksj dkjkokl ,oa 5]000@& :i;s tqekZuk] vne vnk;xh tqekZuk 01 ekg lk/kkj.k dkjkokl 2. 506 Hkk-na-l 03 o"kZ dBksj dkjkokl ,oa 10]000@& :i;s tqekZuk] vne vnk;xh tqekZuk 02 ekg lk/kkj.k dkjkokl 3. 353 Hkk-na-la- 02 o"kZ dBksj dkjkokl ,oa 5]000@& :i;s tqekZuk] vne vnk;xh tqekZuk 01 ekg lk/kkj.k dkjkokl 2. 506 Hkk-na-l 03 o"kZ dBksj dkjkokl ,oa 10]000@& :i;s tqekZuk] vne vnk;xh tqekZuk 02 ekg lk/kkj.k dkjkokl 3. 3 ih-Mh-ih-ih- ,DV 03 o"kZ dBksj dkjkokl ,oa 10]000@& :i;s tqekZuk] vne vnk;xh tqekZuk 02 ekg lk/kkj.k dkjkokl 2- lqlaxr rF; ;g gS fd ifjoknh jkefuokl esgrk] rRdkyhu mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] vdysjk }kjk fnukad 05-02-2005 dks ftyk dysDVj] >kykokM dks ,d v)Z&'kkldh; i= izsf"kr djrs gq, ;g mYysf[kr fd;k fd fnukad 03-02-2005 dks nksigj ds 11-30 cts euksgjiqj Fkkuk ls 2-00 fdeh nwj nkaxhiqjk&jktx<eksM ¼vkxs ^^?kVukLFky^^ dgk tk;sxk½ ij xkao ds yksxksa us [kkrk[ksMh ds miljiap ds pquko ds laca/k esa fjiksy djokus gsrq jkLrk jksd j[kk gSA bl lwpuk ij og] izkscs'kuj vkbZ-,-,l- MkW0 izhre ch- ;'koUr rFkk vU; LVkQ ds lkFk ekSds ij igqapdj yksxksa dks le>kbZ'k dj jgk Fkk rHkh vk/ks ?kaVs ckn vfHk;qDr daojyky eh.kk ftlds fo:) 15 vkijkf/kd izdj.k ntZ gks j[ks Fks] ,d okgu esa lkr yksxksa ds lkFk ekSds ij vk;k rFkk fjokWYoj fudkydj ifjoknh ds flj ij rku nh vkSj nks feuV esa fjiksy dh ?kks"k.kk ugha djus ij tku ls ekjus dh /kedh nhA ifjoknh us vfHk;qDr dks dgk fd bl izdkj dh fjiksfyax dh ?kks"k.kk ugha gksxh] xkao ds yksxksa us Hkh vfHk;qDr daojyky dks le>k;k] mlds ckn mlus foHkkx ds ohfM;ksxzkQ~l dh dSlsV fudkydj rksMdj tyk nhA MkW0 ;'koUr dk fMftVy dSejk Nhu fy;k tks 20 feuV i'pkr ykSVk;kA ?kVuk ds le; nks Fkkuksa ds Fkkukf/kdkjh] mi&v/kh{kd iqfyl Hkh vfHk;qDr dk fojks/k djus dk lkgl ugha tqVk ldsA ?kVuk dh tqckuh lwpuk MkW0 izhre ch- ;'koUr }kjk ftyk dysDVj dks nh x;h Fkh] iqfyl us Hkh lEiw.kZ ?kVuk ns[kh] ijUrq vkt rd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ ugha dh x;h gS] vr% ;g fyf[kr fjiksVZ izLrqr gSA 3- ftyk dysDVj }kjk ifjoknh dh fyf[kr fjiksVZ@i= ¼izn'kZ ih&2½ dks iqfyl v/kh{kd dks izsf"kr fd;k] ftlds vk/kkj ij izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fnukad 09-02-2005 dks ntZ gqbZ ftlesa vuqla/kku ds mijkUr iqfyl }kjk vfHk;qDr ds fo:) /kkjk 392] 332] 353] 506 Hkk-na-la- rFkk 3 ih-Mh-ih-ih- ,DV dk vkjksi izekf.kr ekurs gq, rFkk vfHk;qDr ds Qjkj gks tkus ls /kkjk 299 n.M izfdz;k lafgrk ds rgr ?kVuk ds Ms < o"kZ i'pkr vkjksi i= is'k fd;k rFkk ?kVuk ds rhu o"kZ i'pkr vfHk;qDr fxj?rkj gqvk vkSj rRle; iqfyl }kjk dksbZ vfHkj{kkRed vuqla/kku dk fuosnu U;k;ky; ls ugha fd;k x;k vkSj vfHk;qDr mlh fnu tekur ij fjgk gqvkA 4- fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vfHk;qDr dks mijksDr lHkh vkjksiksa ls vkjksfir fd;kA vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls ifjoknh lfgr dqy 11 xokgku ijhf{kr djk;s x;s] vfHk;qDr ds dFku vUrxZr /kkjk 313 n.M izfdz;k lafgrk ys[kc) fd;s x;s rFkk vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls dksbZ lk{; lQkbZ izLrqr djuk ugha pkgk vkSj varr% ckn fopkj.k eftLV?sV U;k;ky; }kjk fnukad 02-04-2018 ds fu.kZ; ds ek/;e ls vfHk;qDr dks mijksDr lHkh vkjksiksa ls nks"keqDr fd;k] ijUrq fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vius vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ds ek/;e ls nks"keqfDr ds fu.kZ; dks mijkUrfjr fd;k] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj ;g fuxjkuh ;kfpdk izLrqr dh x;hA 5- fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr dk rdZ gS fd ifjoknh }kjk nks fnu ds foyEc ls dkYifud rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij fjiksVZ izLrqr dh gS] QksVksxzkQj lta; ¼ih-MCyw&2½ }kjk ohfM;ks dk dksbZ dSlsV rksMus vFkok tykus dh iqf"V ugha dh x;h gS] ekSds ij mifLFkr vU; yksdlsod ?ku';ke ¼ih-MCyw&4½] izsepUn ¼ih-MCyw&5½] ';ke fcgkjh ¼ih-MCyw&3½] xksfoUn flag ¼ih- MCyw&11½] vfuy ik.Ms ¼ih-MCyw&6½ rFkk cgknqj flag ¼ih- MCyw&9½ lHkh i{knzksgh jgs gSa] ;gka rd fd ekSds ij mifLFkr Fkkukf/kdkjh o iqfyl mi&v/kh{kd }kjk Hkh u rks izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ rRle; ntZ dh x;h vkSj uk gh ?kVuk dh iqf"V dh x;h gSA vfHk;qDr dks jktuSfrd dkj.kksa ls feF;k :i ls fyIr fd;k x;k gS] xokgku ds dFkuksa esa ijLij fojks/kkHkkl gS vkSj bl vk/kkj ij lEiw.kZ vfHk;kstu dgkuh lafnX/k gS rFkk blh dkj.k ls fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk rF;ksa o fof/k ds vuq:i nks"keqfDr dk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k Fkk] ysfdu fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk fcuk fdlh mfpr vk/kkj ds vkaf'kd :i ls vihy Lohdkj djrs gq, nks"kfl) o n.Mkns'k dk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k gS tks fdlh Hkh :i esa fof/k&lEer ugha gS vkSj vra esa fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; dks vikLr djrs gq, fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds vuq:i vfHk;qDr dks nks"keqDr fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 6- blds foijhr fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd rFkk fo}ku vf/koDrk ifjoknh dk fuosnu gS fd vfHk;qDr ?kVuk ds le; tu&izfrfuf/k ugha gksdj ,d jktusrk o vkijkf/kd i`"BHkwfe dk O;fDr Fkk] ?kVuk ds le; rd mlds fo:) 15 vkijkf/kd izdj.k ntZ gks j[ks Fks] vfHk;qDr ds vkrad] izHkko o Hk; ds dkj.k ls vf/kdka'k iqfyldehZ o yksdlsod mlds fo:) c;ku nsus dh fLFkfr esa ugha Fks] blh dkj.k ls iqfyldfeZ;ksa }kjk ekSds ij mifLFkr gksrs gq, Hkh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ ugha djk;h FkhA ftyk dysDVj dks ifjoknh o izkscs'kuj vkbZ-,-,l- }kjk rRdky ekSf[kd lwpuk ns nh Fkh] ijUrq izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ ugha gksus dh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, fnukad 05-02-2005 dks ifjoknh }kjk v)Z&'kkldh; i= ds ek/;e ls fjiksVZ ntZ djk;h gSA mudk ;g Hkh fuosnu gS fd ifjoknh ¼ih-MCyw&8½ lfgr MkW0 izhre ch- ;'koUr ¼ih-MCyw&10½ rFkk rglhynkj ¼ih-MCyw&1½ vkSj vU; xokgku }kjk vfHk;kstu dgkuh dh iqf"V dh x;h gSA ;g Hkh rdZ fn;k fd bl ekeys esa vfHk;qDr dks rhu o"kZ rd LFkkuh; {ks= esa miyC/k gksus ds ckotwn iqfyl }kjk fxj?rkj ugha fd;k x;k tks iqfyl dh ykpkjh dks nf'kZr djrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fdlh Hkh ifjoknh vFkok ihfMr dks U;k;ky; vlgk; ugha NksM ldrk gSA ,d rdZ ;g Hkh fn;k fd dksbZ Hkh fuxjkuh U;k;ky;] vihyh; U;k;ky; dh Hkkafr miyC/k lk{; dk lw{erk ls iqu% fo'ys"k.k o foospu djus gsrq l{ke ugha gSA var esa lk{khx.k dh la[;k ugha cfYd lk{; dh xq.koRrk dks egRoiw.kZ gksuk crkrs gq, fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; ds vk{ksfir fu.kZ; dks fof/k&lEer gksuk crkrs gq, ;g fuxjkuh ;kfpdk [kkfjt fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 7- fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUr Wazir Khan Vs. State of Uttarakhand (2023) 8 SCC 597 ds ekeys esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd vfHk;kstu dks viuk ekeyk lqn`< lk{; ds ek/;e ls lansg ls ijs izekf.kr djuk visf{kr gSA mijksDr U;kf;d n`"VkUr ds izdk'k esa eq[; :i ls ;g cgl dh x;h gS fd vf/kdka'k vfHk;kstu lk{khx.k }kjk vfHk;kstu dgkuh dk leFkZu ugha fd;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa fo}ku vf/koDrk ifjoknh rFkk fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d fu.kZ; State of U.P. Vs. Mukhtar Ansari 2022 SCC OnLine All 654 ds ekeys esa vf/kdka'k xokgku ds i{knzksgh gksus dh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vfHk;qDr dks nks"keqDr fd;k x;k Fkk] ekuuh; bykgkckn mPp U;k;ky; }kjk bl fu.kZ; dks iyVrs gq, ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd vfHk;qDr vkijkf/kd i`"BHkwfe dk O;fDr gS rFkk lkekU; :i ls mlds fo:) vke ukxfjd c;ku nsus gsrq lkgl ugha tqVk ikrs gSa vkSj ,slh fLFkfr esa mudk i{knzksgh gksuk ,d lkekU; izfdz;k gS] bl n`f"Vdks.k ls miyC/k 'ks"k lk{; ds vk/kkj ij mijksDr ekeys ds vfHk;qDr eq[rkj valkjh dks nks"kfl) fd;k x;k FkkA U;kf;d fu.kZ; R. Shaji Vs. State Of Kerala (2013) 14 SCC 266 rFkk Vadivelu Thevar & Anr. Vs. State Of Kerala (2013) 14 SCC 266 rFkk Vadivelu Thevar & Anr. Vs. State of Madras 1957 SCC OnLine SC 13 ekeyksa esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd xokgku dh la[;k egRoiw.kZ ugha gksdj lk{; dh fo'oluh;rk vkSj xq.koRrk egRoiw.kZ gSA 8- orZeku ekeys esa Hkh vfHk;qDr }kjk vius vkidks izkjEHk ls gh tuizfrfuf/k gksuk crk;k gSA fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk Hkh ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd vfHk;qDr vkijkf/kd i`"BHkwfe okyk O;fDr gS] Hkkjh la[;k esa vkijkf/kd ekeys yafcr gksus rFkk LFkkuh; {ks= esa miyC/k gksus ds ckotwn rhu o"kksaZ rd bl ekeys esa vfHk;qDr dks fxj?rkj ugha fd;k x;k] iqfyl }kjk Lo;a vkxs gksdj dksbZ izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ ugha dh x;h] vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk lHkh xokgku dks ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k rFkk vfHk;qDr fxj?rkjh ds fnu gh tekur lqfo/kk izkIr djus esa lQy jgkA mijksDr lHkh rF;ksa ds izfr&mRrj esa fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr }kjk fuokZpu foHkkx ds le{k izLrqr ?kks"k.kk&i= ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr }kjk o"kZ 2023 esa fo/kk;d dk pquko yMk x;k Fkk] rRle; Lo;a vfHk;qDr i{k }kjk tks ?kks"k.kk dh x;h gS] mlds vuqlkj mlds fo:) djhc 15 vkijkf/kd izdj.k iwoZ esa lafLFkr gq, gSa] orZeku ekeys lfgr nks ekeyksa esa nks"kfl)h dh x;h gS rFkk nks izdj.k vHkh rd yafcr gksuk crk;k x;k gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr }kjk ;g rdZ fn;k x;k gS fd lafLFkr izdj.kksa esa ls vf/kdka'k fu.khZr gks pqds gSa vkSj vfHk;qDr nks"keqDr jgk gSA tks Hkh ifjfLFkfr gks] vfHk;qDr ds fo:) ekjihV] yksdlsodksa ds lkFk ekjihV dj muds jktdk;Z esa ck/kk igqapkus] dkuwu O;oLFkk dks pqukSrh nsus vkfn ds vkjksiksa esa vkijkf/kd fjdkMZ jgk gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa NksVs yksdlsOkd vFkok Lora= xokg] vfHk;qDr ds fo:) lk{; nsus dk lkgl tqVkos] ;g vis{kk dBksjrk ls ugha dh tk ldrh rFkk dqN xokgku ds i{knzksgh ek= gksus ds vk/kkj ij lEiw.kZ vfHk;kstu dgkuh dks vLohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk] cfYd tks lk{; i=koyh ij vk;h gS mlds vk/kkj ij ekeys dk fu.kZ; visf{kr gks tkrk gSA 9- ifjoknh jkefuokl ¼ih-MCyw&8½ tks fd ?kVuk ds le; lwpuk feyus ij mi[k.M vf/kdkjh dh gSfl;r ls ekSds ij izkscs'kuj vkbZ-,-,l- izhre ¼ih-MCyw&10½] rglhynkj jkedqekj ¼ih-MCyw&1½ ds lkFk ekSds ij igqapk] mlus l'kiFk dFku fd;k gS fd [kkrk[ksMh ds mi&ljiap pquko ds fjiksy ds laca/k esa lSdMksa yksxksa }kjk ?kVukLFky ij tke yxkdj izn'kZu fd;k x;k Fkk] ml le; ekSds ij vfHk;qDr daojyky vU; 6&7 lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk ,Ecqysal tSls okgu esa vk;k rFkk ifjoknh dh dku ds Åij fjokWYoj yxkdj fjiksy dh ?kks"k.kk djus gsrq ncko cuk;k] vU;Fkk tku ls ekjus dh /kedh nhA ifjoknh }kjk lkgliwoZd ;g crk;k fd fjokWYoj pyus ls ekSr gks ldrh gS] fdUrq fjiksy dh ?kks"k.kk ughaA ?kVuk dh ohfM;ksxzkQh lafonkdehZ ohfM;ksxzkQj lta; }kjk dSejs esa dSn dh x;h Fkh] ysfdu eqyfte }kjk mldh dSlsV fudkydj rksMdj tyk nhA MkW0 ;'koUr ch- izhre dk fMftVy dSejk Hkh vfHk;qDr us Nhu fy;k tks djhc 15&20 feuV ckn ykSVk;kA MkW0 ;'koUr ch- izhre }kjk rglhy dk;kZy; euksgjFkkuk ds ySaMykbZu ls ftyk dysDVj dks lwpuk nh] rRi'pkr mlus vU; jktdk;Z ls fuo`r gksdj fnukad 05-02-2005 dks ,d v)Z&'kkldh; i= ds ek/;e ls izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djokus dk vuqjks/k fd;k ftl ij izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ gqbZA 10- MkW0 izhre ;'koar¼ih-MCyw&10½ rFkk rRdkyhu rglhynkj jkedqekj ¼ih-MCyw&1½ }kjk vfHk;kstu dgkuh dk leFkZu fd;k gS rFkk ifjoknh ds dFkuksa ds vuq:i gh bu nksuksa xokgku dh lk{; jgh gSA bu nksuksa xokgku us dFku fd;k gS fd daojyky us ekSds ij vkdj fjiksy gsrq ncko cukus ds fy, ifjoknh jkefuokl ,l-Mh-,e- dh duiVh ij fjokWYoj rku nh rFkk ohfM;ksxzkQj dh dSlsV ysdj mls u"V dj fn;kA MkW0 izhre us ;g Hkh dFku fd;k gS fd mldk Hkh dSejk vfHk;qDr us Nhu fy;k tks ckn esa ykSVk fn;kA bu nksuksa xokgku us lat; ds }kjk ohfM;ksxzkQh djus dk dFku fd;k gSA ?kVuk ds laca/k esa mijksDr fcUnqvksa ij ifjoknh lfgr mijksDr rhuksa xokgku ls foLr`r izfrijh{kk dh x;h gS] ijUrq rhuksa xokgku dh lk{; v[kafMr jgh gSA rhuksa xokgku ds dFkuksa esa dksbZ rkfRod vkSj egRoiw.kZ fojks/kkHkkl ugha gSA rqPN vkSj xkS.k izo`fRr dk fojks/kkHkkl yEcs le; i'pkr vkuk LokHkkfod gS rFkk og vfHk;kstu dgkuh dks fdlh izdkj ls foijhr :i ls izHkkfor ugha djrk gSA 11- xokg jkefuokl ¼ih-MCyw&8½ rRle; yksdlsod ds :i esa vius drZO; dk fuoZgu dj jgk Fkk] ;g rF; nLrkosth o ekSf[kd lk{; ls izekf.kr jgk gSA vfHk;qDr ds bl izdkj ds d`R; ls yksdlsodksa dk Hk;ksijr gksuk rFkk mlds jktdk;Z esa ck/kk igqapkuk Hkh izekf.kr gSA vfHk;qDr }kjk lHkh xokgku ls tks izfrijh{kk dh x;h gS] mlesa fn;s x;s lq>koksa ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr us ekSds ij viuh mifLFkfr ls badkj ugha fd;k gSA ifjoknh ds jktdh; lsok esa fu;qfDr o inLFkkiu gksus ds laca/k esa nLrkost izn'kZ ih&4 yxk;r 7 izLrqr gq, gSaA 12-- xokg ';kefcgkjh ih-MCyw&3 rglhy dk;kZy; esa rRle; fyfid Fkk] ftlus lEiw.kZ vfHk;kstu dgkuh dk leFkZu ugha fd;k gS] ijUrq ekSds ij vfHk;qDr daojyky }kjk ifjoknh ls fookn djus dk dFku fd;k gS] mlus ;g tkfgj fd;k gS fd ifjoknh dg jgk Fkk fd ^^eSa ej Hkh tk?axk rc Hkh ;g izfdz;k [kRe ugha gksxh^^A ohfM;ksxzkQj lta; ih-MCyw&2 ds :i esa ijhf{kr gqvk gS ftlus ;g tkfgj fd;k gS fd ekSds ij mlus ohfM;ksxzkQh dh dSlsV cuk;h FkhA ;g xokg vfHk;qDr }kjk ohfM;ks dh lh-Mh- ysdj rksMdj tykus ds rF; dh iqf"V ugha djrk gS] ijUrq ekSds ij mldh mifLFkfr vkSj mlds }kjk ohfM;ks cukuk Li"V gqvk gSA tSlk fd ?lij foospu fd;k x;k gS fd NksVs deZpkjh vFkok lafonk ij fu;qDr deZpkjh] vfHk;qDr ds vkijkf/kd fjdkMZ] LFkkuh; {ks= esa izHkko o vkard vkfn dks ns[krs gq, c;ku nsus dk lkgl tqVk ik;s] ;g vis{kk LokHkkfod ugha gSA ifjoknh] rglhynkj jkedqekj rFkk izkscs'kuj vkbZ-,-,l- MkW0 izhre }kjk ,d Loj esa tkfgj fd;k gS fd vfHk;qDr us ohfM;ks dh lh-Mh- fudkydj mls rksMdj tyk fn;kA bu rhuksa xokgku ds dFkuksa ls vfHk;qDr }kjk mijksDr jktdh; lEifRr dks {kfr dkfjr dj fjf"V dkfjr djus dk rF; lansg ls ijs izekf.kr jgk gSA ;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd okLro esa dksbZ lh-Mh- {kfrxzLr ugha gqbZ gksrh rks vuqla/kku ds nkSjku izLrqr o cjken gksrhA xokg xksfoUnflag ih- MCyw&11 ;|fi vU; fcUnqvksa ij i{knzksgh jgk gS] ijUrq dFku djrk gS fd ekSds ij vfHk;qDr us ohfM;ksxzkQj ls dSejk Nhu fy;k FkkA bl xokg ls dksbZ izfrijh{kk ugha dh x;h gSA 13- tgka rd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa foyEc ds vk/kkj ij vfHk;kstu dgkuh ds izfrdwy :i ls izHkkfor gksus dk iz'u gS] ifjoknh i{k dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"VkUr Ravinder Kumar & Anr. Vs. State of Punjab (2001) 7 SCC 690 and Tara Singh & Ors. Vs. State of Punjab 1991 Supp. (1) SCC 536 esa izfrikfnr O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj izR;sd ekeys esa foyEc vfHk;kstu ds fy, ?kkrd ugha gksrk gS] cfYd izdj.k fo'ks"k dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij ;g fcUnq fuHkZj djrk gSA orZeku ekeys esa ?kVuk fnukad 03-02-2005 dh gS] ifjoknh rRle; mi[k.M vf/kdkjh ds in ij Fkk] mls ikl dh rglhy esa pquko laca/kh vU; dk;Z laikfnr djkus Fks] rglhy dk;kZy; ls gh izkscs'kuj vkbZ-,-,l- MkW- ;'koar ch- izhre }kjk ftyk dysDVj dks lwpuk ns nh x;h Fkh ftldk mYys[k ifjoknh ds v)Z&'kkldh; i= fnukad 05-02-2005 esa gS] ftyk dysDVj }kjk ;g i= izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djokus ds vuqdze esa iqfyl v/kh{kd dks izsf"kr fd;k gS] vxzs"k.k i= esa ftyk dysDVj }kjk ;g mYysf[kr fd;k gS fd ?kVuk dh lwpuk rRle; izkIr gks x;h Fkh tks vkidks vFkkZr iqfyl v/kh{kd dks ns nh x;h Fkh] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa vkSipkfjd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ gksus esa tks izfdz;kxr foyEc gqvk gS] mls vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk ;Fkksfpr :i ls Li"V fd;k tk pqdk gSA ifjoknh }kjk dgkuh dks cdj foyEc ls fjiksVZ izLrqr dh gks] ;g ifjfLFkfr izdV ugha gqbZ gSA 14- fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr dk rdZ jgk gS fd ifjoknh }kjk jktuSfrd dkj.kksa ls vfHk;qDr ds fo:) feF;k vkjksi.k fd;k x;k gSA ;gka ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd vfHk;qDr rRle; jktuSfrd O;fDr gksxk] ijUrq ifjoknh mi[k.M vf/kdkjh] izkscs'kuj vkbZ-,-,l- rFkk rglhynkj jkedqekj rhuksa gh rVLFk yksdlsod Fks vkSj os Lora= :i ls vius 'kkldh; drZO;ksa dk fuoZgu dj jgs FksA mudh vfHk;qDr ls jktuSfrd izfrLi)kZ vFkok jaft'k gks] ;g rF; ys'kek= Hkh izdV ugha gqvk gS] vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa vfHk;qDr i{k dh vksj ls fy;k x;k cpko iw.kZr% vk/kkjghu gksus ls vLohdk;Z gSA 15- vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d fu.kZ; Malkeet Singh Gill Vs. State of Chhattishgarh (2022) 8 SCC 204 and State of Maharashtra Vs. Jagmohan Singh Kuldip Anand & Ors. State of Chhattishgarh (2022) 8 SCC 204 and State of Maharashtra Vs. Jagmohan Singh Kuldip Anand & Ors. (2004) 7 SC 659 ds ekeyksa esa /kkjk 397 o 401 n.M izfdz;k lafgrk ds izko/kkuksa ij fopkj djus ds mijkUr ;g O;oLFkk izfrikfnr dh x;h gS fd fuxjkuh U;k;ky; o vihyh; U;k;ky; dh 'kfDr;ksa esa fHkUurk gSA fuxjkuh U;k;ky;] vihyh; U;k;ky; ds leku lk{; dk lw{erk ls iqufoZospu vFkok ewY;kadu djus gsrq l{ke ugha gSA mijksDr nksuksa U;kf;d fu.kZ;ksa esa vfHk;qDr dks fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk nks"kfl) fd;k x;k] ftldh iqf"V vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk dh x;h Fkh vFkkZr nksuksa U;k;ky;ksa ds fu.kZ; leorhZ Fks] ysfdu ;g fof/kd fLFkfr Li"V gqbZ gS fd fuxjkuh U;k;ky; }kjk mlh ifjfLFkfr esa gLr{ksi fd;k tk ldrk gS tc ikfjr vk{ksfir vkns'k euekuk] v'kq) vFkok vkSfpR;ghu gks vFkok v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk {ks=kf/kdkfjrk dk leqfpr :i ls iz;ksx ugha fd;k x;k gksA State of Maharashtra Vs. Jagmohan Singh Kuldip (Supra) dk iSjk la[;k 21] 22 rFkk 23 lqlaxr gS tks fuEu izdkj gSa& "21 In embarking upon the minutest re-examination of the whole evidence at the revisional stage, the learned Judge of the High Court was totally oblivious of the self-restraint that he was required to exercise in a revision under Section 397 CrPC. On behalf of the accused, reliance is placed on the decision of this Court to which one of us (Justice Sabharwal) is a party, i.e. Criminal Appeal No. 523 of 1997 decided on 9.3.2004 [Ram Briksh v. Ambika Yadav]. That was the case in which the High Court interfered in revision because material evidence was overlooked by the courts below. 22. The Revisional Court is empowered to exercise all the powers conferred on the Appellate Court by virtue of the provisions contained in Section 410 CrPC. Section 401 CrPC is a provision enabling the High Court to exercise all powers of Appellate Court, if necessary, in aid of power of superintendence or supervision as a part of power of revision conferred on the High Court or the Sessions Court. Section 401 CrPC is a provision enabling the High Court to exercise all powers of Appellate Court, if necessary, in aid of power of superintendence or supervision as a part of power of revision conferred on the High Court or the Sessions Court. Section 397 CrPC confers power on the High Court or Sessions Court, as the case may be, "for the purpose of satisfying itself or himself as to the correctness, legality or propriety of any finding, sentence or order, recorded or passed and as to the regularity of any proceeding of such inferior court." It is for the above purpose, if necessary, the High Court or Sessions Court can exercise all appellate powers. Section 401 CrPC conferring powers of Appellate Court on the Revisional Court is with the above limited purpose. The provisions contained in Section 395 to Section 401 CrPC, read together, do not indicate that the revisional power of the High Court can be exercised as a second appellate power. 23. On this aspect, it is sufficient to refer to and rely on the decision of this court in Dulichand vs. Delhi Administration [ AIR 1975 SC 1960 ] in which it is observed thus :- "The High Court in revision was exercising supervisory jurisdiction of a restricted nature and, therefore, it would have been justified in refusing to re-appreciate the evidence for the purposes of determining whether the concurrent finding of fact reached by the learned Magistrate and the learned additional Sessions Judge was correct. But even so the High Court reviewed the evidence presumably for the purpose of satisfying itself that there was evidence in support of the finding of fact reached by the two subordinate courts and that the finding of fact was not unreasonable or perverse. But even so the High Court reviewed the evidence presumably for the purpose of satisfying itself that there was evidence in support of the finding of fact reached by the two subordinate courts and that the finding of fact was not unreasonable or perverse. " 16- orZeku ekeys esa vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk tks nks"kfl)h o n.Mkns'k dk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k x;k gS] og miyC/k lkexzh o lk{; ds vuqdwy gSA vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk fdlh Hkh egRoiw.kZ rF; vFkok fof/kd izko/kkuksa dks utjvankt ugha fd;k x;k gS vkSj uk gh ,sls rF;ksa ij fopkj fd;k x;k gS tks vfHkys[k ij ugha gksaA bl izdkj vfHk;qDr ds fo:) /kkjk 353] 506 Hkk-na-la- rFkk 3 ih-Mh-ih-ih- ,DV ds vkjksi esa nks"kfl)h gsrq i;kZIr o leqfpr lkexzh i=koyh ij jgh gSA 17- fo}ku vf/koDrk vfHk;qDr dk ,d vU; dFku ;g jgk gS fd fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk vfHk;qDr ds fo:) n.Mkns'k ikfjr djrs le; vuqfpr dBksjrk viuk;h x;h gSA State of U.P. Vs. Mukhtar Ansari (Supra) ds fu.kZ; esa Hkh yksdlsod tsydehZ ij vfHk;qDr }kjk fiLry rkurs gq, tku ls ekjus dh /kedh nh x;h Fkh] vfHk;qDr eq[rkj dk Hkh vkijkf/kd fjdkMZ jgk vkSj bykgkckn mPp U;k;ky; }kjk fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds nks"keqfDr ds fu.kZ; dks iyVrs gq, vfHk;qDr dks /kkjk 353] 504 rFkk 506 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k esa nks"kfl) djkj fn;k x;k rFkk /kkjk 353 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k esa 2 o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl] 10]000@& :i;s vFkZn.M] /kkjk 504 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k esa 2 o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl] 2000@& :i;s vFkZn.M ls rFkk /kkjk 506 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k esa 7 o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl lfgr 25]000@& :i;s vFkZn.M ls nafMr fd;k x;k FkkA orZeku ekeys eas ,d fu"i{k yksdlsod M~;wVh ij jgrs gq, tc izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dkuwu O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kus gsrq vius 'kkldh; drZO;ksa dk fuoZgu dj jgk Fkk] rc vfHk;qDr }kjk djhc 300&400 O;fDr;ksa dh HkhM dks mdlkrs gq, fjiksy dh ?kks"k.kk ds vuqdze esa ifjoknh dh duiVh ij fiLry rkudj tku ls ekjus dh /kedh nh gS] ohfM;ksxzkQj dh dSlsV fudkydj mls {kfrxzLr fd;k gSA bl izdkj ds vijk/k ls dkuwu O;oLFkk dh fLFkfr xaHkhj :i ls izHkkfor gksrh gS rFkk vke tu o yksdlsodksa esa vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk mRiUu gksrh gS vkSj mudk eukscy fxjrk gSA rRle; vfHk;qDr tuizfrfuf/k Fkk vFkok ugha] blds ckcr~ dksbZ Bksl lkexzh i=koyh ij ugha gS ijUrq mlds }kjk vius vkidks jktuSfrd O;fDr gksuk crk;k gSA ml fLFkfr dks Hkh ekuk tkos rc Hkh vfHk;qDr ls ;g vis{kk gks tkrh gS fd og dkuwu O;oLFkk dks pqukSrh nsus ds ctk; mls cuk;s j[kus esa lg;ksx djsA ;gka ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd vfHk;qDr ds fo:) bl ?kVuk ls iwoZ 15 vkijkf/kd izdj.k lafLFkr gks pqds Fks] ;|fi vf/kdka'k esa mldk nks"keqDr gksuk crk;k gS] ijUrq fQj Hkh vkijkf/kd i`"BHkwfe dks utjvankt fd;k tkuk mfpr ugha gSA 18- mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk nks"kfl)h o n.Mkns'k ds laca/k esa ikfjr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; fnukad 14-12-2020 iw.kZr% rF;ksa o fof/k ds vuq:i gS ftlesa dksbZ vfu;ferrk vkSj voS/kkfudrk ugha gS] fo}ku vihyh; U;k;ky; }kjk viuh {ks=kf/kdkfjrk dk iz;ksx djrs gq, Hkh dksbZ vfu;ferrk ugha cjrh gSA mDr vk{ksfir fu.kZ; mfpr lqn`< lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gksdj ldkj.k gS] ftlesa fcuk fdlh mfpr dkj.k ds fuxjkuh U;k;ky; }kjk gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk mfpr ugha gSA vr% vk{ksfir fu.kZ; iq"V gksus rFkk vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr fuxjkuh ;kfpdk [kkfjt gksus ;ksX; gSA 19- ifj.kker% izLrqr fuxjkuh ;kfpdk [kkfjt dh tkrh gSA 20- pwafd vkt vfHk;qDr U;k;ky; ds le{k mifLFkr ugha gS] vr% mls vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd og rRdky fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k leiZ.k djsA fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks Hkh vkns'k fn;k tkrk gS fd vfHk;qDr }kjk ;fn rRdky leiZ.k ugha fd;k tkrk gS rks vfHk;qDr dks vtekurh; okj.V ls ryc dj ltk Hkqxrkos vkSj dh x;h dk;Zokgh ls vkt ls 30 fnu ds Hkhrj bl U;k;ky; dks voxr djkosA 21- v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vfHkys[k bl vkns'k dh izfr ds lkFk vfoyEc ykSVk;k tkosA