Gudala Sagar v. Kapil Chits Kakatiya Private Limited
2025-03-21
K.LAKSHMAN
body2025
DigiLaw.ai
ORDER : K. LAKSHMAN, J. Heard learned counsel for the petitioner. Perused the record. 2. Perusal of the record would reveal that respondent No.1 has filed an application under Section 64 of the Chit Funds Act, 1982 (for short ‘the Act, 1982’) vide ARB. No. 1029 of 2021 before the Chit Arbitrator/Deputy Registrar of Chits, Karimnagar, claiming an amount of Rs.4,64,528/- along with interest from the petitioner and respondent Nos.2 to 6. Respondent No.2 is the subscriber of the Chit with respondent No.1. Petitioner and respondent Nos.3 to 6 stood as guarantors to the said Chit Funds. Learned Chit Arbitrator has passed an award, dated 24.08.2023 holding that the petitioner and respondent Nos.2 to 6 are jointly and severally liable to pay the said amount i.e., Rs.4,64,528/- with interest @ 18% p.a. on the principal amount of Rs.3,72,980/- from the date of filing of dispute to till the date of realization of the said amount. 3. Respondent No.1 had filed an execution petition in the terms of Order 21 Rule 48 of CPC vide E.P.No.114 of 2024 in ARB. No. 1029 of 2021 against the petitioner and respondent Nos.2 to 6 for recovery of the said amount. The said execution petition is pending. 4. The Petitioner filed the present petition challenging the said Execution Proceedings itself contending that respondent No.1 cannot recover the entire award amount each from the petitioner and respondent Nos.2 to 6 and the same is in violation of the procedure laid down under the Contract Act, 1972 and the Act, 1982. 5.
The said execution petition is pending. 4. The Petitioner filed the present petition challenging the said Execution Proceedings itself contending that respondent No.1 cannot recover the entire award amount each from the petitioner and respondent Nos.2 to 6 and the same is in violation of the procedure laid down under the Contract Act, 1972 and the Act, 1982. 5. It is relevant to extract Order - XXI, Rules - 11 (2) and 48 of the CPC and the same is as under: “XXI Rule 11 (2) of CPC- Written application- Save as otherwise provided by sub-rule(1), every application for the execution of a decree shall be in writing, signed and verified by the applicant or by some other person proved to the satisfaction of the Court to be acquainted with the facts of the case, and shall contain in a tabular form the following particulars, namely- (a) the number of the suit; (b) the names of the parties; (c) the date of the decree; (d) whether any appeal has been preferred from the decree; (e) whether any, and (if any) what, payment or other adjustment of the matter in controversy has been made between the parties subsequently to the decree; (f) whether any, and (if any) what, previous applications have been made for the execution of the decree, the dates of such applications and their results; (g) the amount with interest (if any) due upon the decree, or other relief granted thereby, together with particulars of any cross-decree, whether passed before or after the date of the decree sought to be executed; (h) the amount of the costs (if any) awarded; (i) the name of the person against whom execution of the decree is sought; and (j) the mode in which the assistance of the Court is required whether- (i) by the delivery of any property specifically decreed; (ii) by the attachment, or by the attachment and sale, or by the sale without attachment, of any property; (iii) by the arrest and detention in prison of any person; (iv) by the appointment of a receiver; (v) otherwise, as the nature of the relief granted may require.” “ Order XXI Rule 48 of CPC-Attachment of salary or allowances of servant of the Government or railway company or local authority.- (1) Where the property to be attached is the salary or allowances of a servant of the Government or of a servant of a railway company or local authority or of a servant of a corporation engaged in any trade or industry which is established by a Central, Provincial or State Act, or a Government company as defined in section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)] the Court, whether the judgment-debtor or the disbursing officer is or is not within the local limits of the Court's jurisdiction, may order that the amount shall, subject to the provisions of section 60, be withheld from such salary or allowances either in one payment or by monthly instalments as the Court may direct; and upon notice of the order to such officer as the appropriate Government may by notification in the Official Gazette appoint in this behalf,- (a) where such salary or allowances are to be disbursed within the local limits to which this Code for the time being extends, the officer or other person whose duty it is to disburse the same shall withhold and remit to the Court the amount due under the order, or the monthly instalments, as the case may be; (b) where such salary or allowances are to be disbursed beyond the said limits, the officer or other person within those limits whose duty it is to instruct the disbursing authority regarding the amount of the salary or allowances to be disbursed shall remit to the Court the amount due under the order, or the monthly instalments, as the case may be, and shall direct the disbursing authority to reduce the aggregate of the amounts from time to time, to be disbursed by the aggregate of the amounts from time to time remitted to the Court.
(2) Where the attachable proportion of such salary or allowances is already being withheld and remitted to a Court in pursuance of a previous and unsatisfied order of attachment, the officer appointed by the appropriate Government in this behalf shall forthwith return the subsequent order to the Court issuing it with a full statement of all the particulars of the existing attachment. (3) Every order made under this rule, unless it is returned in accordance with the provisions of sub-rule (2) shall, without further notice or other process, bind the appropriate Government or the railway company or local authority or corporation of Government company, as the case may be, while the judgment-debtor is within the local limits to which this Code for the time being extends and while he is beyond those limits, if he is in receipt of any salary or allowances payable out of the Consolidated Fund of India or the Consolidated Fund of the State or the funds of a railway company or local authority or corporation or Government company in India; and the appropriate Government or the railway company or local authority or corporation or Government company, as the case may be, shall be liable for any sum paid in contravention of this rule. Explanation.-In this rule, "appropriate Government" means,- (i) As respects any person in the service of the Central Government, or any servant of a railway administration or of a cantonment authority or of the port authority of a major port, or any servant of a corporation engaged in any trade or industry which is established by a Central Act, or any servant of a Government company in which any part of the share capital is held by the Central Government or by more than one State Governments or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments, the Central Government; (ii) As respects any other servant of the Government, or a servant of any other local or other authority, or any servant of a corporation engaged in any trade or industry which is established by a Provincial or State act, or a servant of any other Government company, the State Government.” 6. It is also relevant to extract Section - 71 of the Act, 1982 and the same is as under: “ 71.
It is also relevant to extract Section - 71 of the Act, 1982 and the same is as under: “ 71. Money how recovered .—Every order passed by the Registrar or the nominee under section 68 or section 69 and every order passed by the State Government in appeal under section 70 for payment of any money shall, if not carried out,— (a) on a certificate issued by the Registrar, be deemed to be a decree of a Civil Court, and shall be executed in the same manner as a decree of such Court, or (b) be executed in accordance with the provisions of any law for the time being in force for the recovery of amounts as arrears of land revenue: Provided that no application for execution under clause (b) shall be made after the expiry of three years from the date fixed in the order, and if no such date is fixed, from the date of the order.” 7. It is also relevant to extract Sections - 126, 128 and 146 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 and the same is as under: “ 126. “Contract of guarantee”, “surety”, “principal debtor” and “creditor ”.— A “contract of guarantee” is a contract to perform the promise, or discharge the liability, of a third person in case of his default. The person who gives the guarantee is called the “surety”; the person in respect of whose default the guarantee is given is called the “principal debtor”, and the person to whom the guarantee is given is called the “creditor”. A guarantee may be either oral or written.” “ 128. Surety’s liability .—The liability of the surety is co- extensive with that of the principal debtor, unless it is otherwise provided by the contract.” “ 146. Co-sureties liable to contribute equally .—Where two or more persons are co- sureties for the same debt or duty, either jointly or severally, and whether under the same or different contracts, and whether with or without the knowledge of each other, the co- sureties, in the absence of any contract to the contrary, are liable, as between themselves, to pay each an equal share of the whole debt, or of that part of it which remains unpaid by the principal debtor.” 8.
From the above, it thus becomes clear that liability of co-surety is co-extensive with that of principal debtor unless it is otherwise provided by the contract. The said principle was also laid down by a Division Bench of the High Court of Judicature for the States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh at Hyderabad in Punyamurthula Venkata Viswa Sundara Rao v. M/s. Margadarsi Chit Fund Pvt. Ltd. , 2017 (3) ALT 82 (D.B.) 9. The aforesaid relevant provisions would reveal that for realization of the amount covered under the arbitration award, respondent No.1 - decree holder has to file an application under Order - XXI Rule 11 (2) of CPC. Accordingly, respondent No.1 had filed the aforesaid execution petition vide E.P.No.114 of 2024. 10. In Punyamurthula Venkata Viswa Sundara Rao (supra), the Division Bench of this Court on consideration of the arguments advanced by the parties, framed the following two (02) points for consideration: i. whether the decree holder has to proceed against all the judgment debtors, who are guarantors, by claiming proportionate amount decreed. ii. whether the execution Courts in which E.Ps. were filed against the present judgment debtors, who are revision petitions herein, have jurisdiction to entertain the execution petitions. 11. On consideration of the provisions of the Chit Fund Act and the CPC, the Division Bench held that the course that has to be followed by the decree holder is to make an application to the Registrar for execution, to be forwarded to the proper authority at the option of the decree holder and the Registrar shall himself issue the certificate and forward the said application to the Court or revenue authority, as chosen by the decree holder. The decree holder has an option to proceed against either the principal debtor or any of the guarantors or against all of them. Referring to Section - 128 of the Indian Contract Act, the Division Bench held that the liability of a surety is co- extensive with that of the principal debtor unless it is otherwise provided by the contract. 12.
Referring to Section - 128 of the Indian Contract Act, the Division Bench held that the liability of a surety is co- extensive with that of the principal debtor unless it is otherwise provided by the contract. 12. In Madamanchi Anill Kumar v. Margadarshi Chit Fund Pvt. Limited , C.R.P. No.2338 of 2018, decided on 05.11.2018 , a Division Bench of the High Court of Andhra Pradesh at Hyderabad considering the said principle laid down by the Division Bench in Punyamurthula Venkata Viswa Sundara Rao 1 , held that the liability of the sureties is joint and several. The Division Bench also negatived the contention raised by the petitioner therein that a Recovery Certificate issued by the Deputy Registrar of Chits cannot be acted upon, as per Rule - 55 of the Andhra Pradesh Chit Fund Rules, 2008 and that an execution is maintainable only if the recovery certificate has been issued by the Registrar of Chits to the competent Civil Court. 13. On consideration of the aforesaid provisions and on examination of the facts of the case therein, in Sri Bandi Chandra Hari , [C.R.P.No.1237 of 2024, decided on 03.05.2024] , this Court held that the decree-holder cannot recover double or more the awarded amount from the judgment debtors, and it is entitled for the decretal amount and interest and costs awarded by the Chit Arbitrator/Deputy Registrar of Chits. 14. It is relevant to note that Section 60 of the C.P.C deals with outlines of the property that is liable to attachment and sale in execution of a decree. It specifies a list of properties that can be attached and sold to satisfy a judgment. These include lands, houses, buildings, goods, money, bank notes, and other financial instruments. However, it also includes exceptions, such as necessary wearing apparel, cooking vessels, and personal ornaments, as well as certain exemptions for government pensioners and local authority employees. 15. Section 60(1) (i) (ia) of the C.P.C is relevant and it is extracted below: “ Section 60- Property liable to attachment and sale in execution of a decree: 1.
However, it also includes exceptions, such as necessary wearing apparel, cooking vessels, and personal ornaments, as well as certain exemptions for government pensioners and local authority employees. 15. Section 60(1) (i) (ia) of the C.P.C is relevant and it is extracted below: “ Section 60- Property liable to attachment and sale in execution of a decree: 1. The following property is liable to attachment and sale in execution of a decree, namely, lands, houses or other buildings, goods, money, banknotes, cheques, bills of exchange, hundis, promissory notes, Government securities, bonds or other securities for money, debts, shares in corporation and, save as hereinafter mentioned, all other saleable property, movable or immovable, belonging to the judgment-debtor, or over which, or the profits of which, he has a disposing power which he may exercise for his own benefit, whether the same be held in the name of the judgment- debtor or by another person in trust for him or on his behalf; (a to h)xxxx (i) salary to the extent of the first four hundred rupees and two third of the remainder in execution of any decree other than a decree for maintenance; Provided that where any part of such portion of the salary as is liable to attachment has been under attachment, whether continuously or intermittently, for a total period of twenty-four months, such portion sail be exempt from attachment until the expiry of a further period of twelve months, and, where such attachment has been made in execution of one and the same decree, shall, after the attachment has continued for a total period of twenty-four months, be finally exempt from attachment in execution of that decree. (ia) one-third of the salary in execution of any decree for maintenance.” 16. In the present case execution petition is pending. Therefore, there are no salary attachments passed by the learned Executing Court. Therefore, the Executing Court has to decide the said E.P.No.114 of 2024 strictly in accordance with law, more particularly, by following the procedure laid down under the Contract Act, 1872, the Act, 1982 and the principles laid down by this Court in the aforesaid Judgments. On receipt of entire decretal amount including interest, the decree holder has to file full satisfaction memo before the executing Court with a request to terminate the execution proceedings. 17.
On receipt of entire decretal amount including interest, the decree holder has to file full satisfaction memo before the executing Court with a request to terminate the execution proceedings. 17. In the light of the said discussion, this revision is disposed of directing learned Principal Junior Civil Judge at Karimnagar to dispose of the E.P.No.114 of 2024 in ARB.No.1029 of 2021 strictly in accordance with law by considering the procedure laid down under the Contract Act, 1872, Act, 1982 C.P.C and also the principles laid down by this Court in the aforesaid Judgments. No costs. As a sequel, the miscellaneous petitions, if any, pending in this Civil Revision Petition shall stand closed.